The document provides information and equations for calculating the size of power transmission shafts. It discusses using the ASME Code to determine allowable stresses based on the material's ultimate and yield strengths. It then gives equations to calculate the torque on a shaft from the horsepower and rpm, as well as equations for determining shaft size based on torque, bending moments, and allowable shear stress. An example calculation is provided to determine the minimum shaft diameter for a 10hp shaft running at 300rpm.
The document provides information and equations for calculating the size of power transmission shafts. It discusses using the ASME Code to determine allowable stresses based on the material's ultimate and yield strengths. It then gives equations to calculate the torque on a shaft from the horsepower and rpm, as well as equations for determining shaft size based on torque, bending moments, and allowable shear stress. An example calculation is provided to determine the minimum shaft diameter for a 10hp shaft running at 300rpm.
The document provides information and equations for calculating the size of power transmission shafts. It discusses using the ASME Code to determine allowable stresses based on the material's ultimate and yield strengths. It then gives equations to calculate the torque on a shaft from the horsepower and rpm, as well as equations for determining shaft size based on torque, bending moments, and allowable shear stress. An example calculation is provided to determine the minimum shaft diameter for a 10hp shaft running at 300rpm.
The document provides information and equations for calculating the size of power transmission shafts. It discusses using the ASME Code to determine allowable stresses based on the material's ultimate and yield strengths. It then gives equations to calculate the torque on a shaft from the horsepower and rpm, as well as equations for determining shaft size based on torque, bending moments, and allowable shear stress. An example calculation is provided to determine the minimum shaft diameter for a 10hp shaft running at 300rpm.
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SHAFTS
Spread Sheet Method:
1. Type in values for the input data. 2. Enter. 3. Answer: X = will be calculated. 4. Automatic calculations are bold type.
DESIGN OF POWER TRANSMISSION SHAFTING
The objective is to calculate the shaft size having the strength and rigidity required to transmit an applied torque. The strength in torsion, of shafts made of ductile materials are usually calculated on the basis of the maximum shear theory.
ASME Code states that for shaft made of a specified ASTM steel: Ss(allowable) = 30% of Sy but not over 18% of Sult for shafts without keyways.
These values are to be reduced by 25% if the shafts have keyways.
Shaft design includes the determination of shaft diameter having the strength and rigidity to transmit motor or engine power under various operating conditions.
Shafts are usually round and may be solid or hollow.
Shaft torsional shear stress: Ss = T*R / J
Polar moment of area: J = π*D^4 / 32 for solid shafts
J = π*(D^4 - d^4) / 32 for hollow shafts
Shaft bending stress: Sb = M*R / I
Moment of area: I = π*D^4 / 64 for solid shafts
I = π*(D^4 - d^4) / 64 for hollow shafts
The ASME Code equation for shafts subjected to: torsion, bending, axial load, shock, and fatigue is: Shaft diameter cubed, D^3 = (16/π*Ss(1-K^4))*[ ( (KbMb + (α*Fα*D*(1+K^2)/8 ]^2 + (Kt*T)^2 ]^0.5
Shaft diameter cubed with no axial load,
D^3 = (16/π*Ss)*[ (KbMb)^2 + (Kt*T)^2 ]^0.5
K = D/d D = Shaft outside diameter, d = inside diameter
Kb = combined shock & fatigue bending factor
Kt = combined shock & fatigue torsion factor
K = D/d D = Shaft outside diameter, d = inside diameter
L = Shaft length k = (I/A)^0.5 = Shaft radius of gyration
A = Shaft section area
For rotating shafts: Kb = 1.5, Kt = 1.0 for gradually applied load
Kb = 2.0, Kt = 1.5 for suddenly applied load & minor shock
Kb = 3.0, Kt = 3.0 for suddenly applied load & heavy shock
Power Transmission Shaft Design Calculations
Input shaft data for your problem below and Excel will calculate the answers, Excel' "Goal Seek" may be used to optimize the design of shafts, see the Math Tools tab below.
1. ASME Code Shaft Allowable Stress Input
Su = 58000 lbf/in^2 Sy = 36000 lbf/in^2 Calculate Allowable stress based on Su, Sau = 18% * Su 10440 lbf/in^2 Allowable stress based on Sy, Say = 30% * Sy 10800 lbf/in^2 wable shear stress based on Su, Ss = 75% * Sau 7830 lbf/in^2 2. ASME Code Shaft Diameter Input Lowest of Sau, Say, & Ss: Sa = 7830 lbf/in^2 Power transmitted by shaft, HP = 10 hp Shaft speed, N = 300 rpm Shaft vertical load, V = 0 lbf Shaft length, L = 10 in Kb = 1.5 Kt = 1 Calculate Shaft torque, T = HP * 63000 / N = 2100 in-lbf Vertical Moment, M = V*L 0 lbf-in E Code for shaft with keyway, D^3 = (16 / (π*Sa) ) * ( (Kb*Mb)^2 + ( Kt*T)^2 )^0.5 = 1.366 in^3 Minimum shaft diameter, D = 1.109 in Shaft Material Ultimate & Yield Stresses Input Su = 70000 lbf/in^2 Sy = 46000 lbf/in^2 ASME Code Shaft Allowable Stress Calculate Allowable stress based on Su, Sau = 18% * Su 12600 lbf/in^2 Allowable stress based on Sy, Say = 30% * Sy 13800 lbf/in^2 lowable shear stress based on Su, Ss = 75% * Sau 9450 lbf/in^2
Shaft Power & Geometry
Input Lowest of Sau, Say, & Ss: Sa = 9450 lbf/in^2 Power transmitted by V-Belt, HP = 20 hp Shaft speed, N = 600 rpm T1 / T2 = 3 A= 60 deg L1 = 10 in L2 = 30 in L3 = 10 in D1 = 8 in D2 = 18 in V-Pulley weight, Wp = 200 lbs gear pressure angle, (14 or 20 deg) B = 20 deg Kb = 1.5 - Kt = 1 - Calculate Shaft torque, T = HP * 63000 / N = 2100 in-lbf T2 / T1 = B = 3 T1 - T2 = T / (D2 / 2) T2 = -( T / (D2 / 2) ) / (1 - B) = 117 lbf T1 = B * T2 = 350 lbf Vertical Forces V2 = Fs = Ft * Tan( A ) = 191 lbf V4 = ( (T1 + T2) * Sin( A ) )-Wp = 204 lbf V3 = ( (V4*(L2 + L3)) - (V2*L1) ) / L2 208 lbf V1 = V2 + V3 - V4 195 lbf
Vertical Moments Mv2 = V1 * L1 1954 lbf-in Mv3 = V4 * L3 2041 lbf-in Horizontal Forces H2 =Ft = T / (D1 / 2) 525 lbf H4 = (T1 + T2) * Cos( A ) 233 lbf H3 = ( (H4*(L2 + L3)) + (H2*L1) ) / L2 486 H1 = H2 - H3 + H4 272 Horizontal Moments Mh2 = H1 * L1 2722 lbf-in Mh3 = H4 * L3 2334 lbf-in Resultant Moments Mr2 = (Mv2^2 + Mh2^2)^0.5 3351 lbf-in Mr3 = (Mv3^2 + Mh3^2)^0.5 3100 lbf-in Input Larger of: Mr2 & Mr3 = Mb = 3351 lbf-in Calculate Shaft Diameter Calculate SME Code for shaft with keyway, D^3 = (16 / (π*Sa) ) * ( (Kb*Mb)^2 + ( Kt*T)^2 )^0.5 = 2.936 in^3 D= 1.431 in Shaft Material Ultimate & Yield Stress Input Su = 70000 lbf/in^2 Sy = 46000 lbf/in^2 ASME Code Shaft Allowable Stress Calculate Allowable stress based on Su, Sau = 18% * Su 12600 lbf/in^2 Allowable stress based on Sy, Say = 30% * Sy 13800 lbf/in^2 lowable shear stress based on Su, Ss = 75% * Sau 9450 lbf/in^2
Shaft Power & Geometry Input
Lowest of Sau, Say, & Ss: Sa = 9450 lbf/in^2 Power transmitted by V-Belt, HP = 20 hp Shaft speed, N = 600 rpm T1 / T2 = 3 A= 60 deg L1 = 10 in L2 = 30 in L3 = 10 in D1 = 8 in D2 = 18 in V-Pulley weight, Wp = 200 lbs gear pressure angle, (14 or 20 deg) B = 20 deg Kb = 1.5 - Kt = 1 - Left side shaft diameter, SD1 = 1.000 in Center shaft diameter, SD2 = 3.000 in Right side shaft diameter, SD3 = 2.000 in Calculate Shaft torque, T = HP * 63000 / N = 2100 in-lbf T2 / T1 = B = 3 T1 - T2 = T / (D2 / 2) T2 = -( T / (D2 / 2) ) / (1 - B) = 117 lbf T1 = B * T2 = 350 lbf Vertical Forces H2 =Ft = T / (D1 / 2) 525 lbf V2 = Fs = Ft * Tan( A ) = 909 lbf V4 = ( (T1 + T2) * Sin( A ) )-Wp = 204 lbf V3 = ( (V4*(L2 + L3)) - (V2*L1) ) / L2 -31 lbf
SME Code for shaft with keyway, D^3 = (16 / (π*Sa) ) * ( (Kb*Mb)^2 + ( Kt*T)^2 )^0.5 = 5.567 in^3 D= 1.771 in Power Shaft Torque Input Motor Power, HP = 7.5 hp Shaft speed, N = 1750 rpm Torque shock & fatigue factor, Kt = 3 Shaft diameter, D = 1.000 in Shaft length, L = 5 in Shaft material shear modulus, G = 11500000 psi Calculation Shaft Design Torque, Td = Kt*12*33000*HP / (2*π*N) = 810 in-lbf
Drive Shaft Torque Twist Angle Input
Shaft Design Torque from above, Td = 1080 in-lbf Shaft diameter, D = 0.883 in < GOAL SEEK Shaft length, L = 10 in Shaft material tension modulus, E = 29000000 psi Shaft material shear modulus, G = 11500000 psi
Calculation Section polar moment of area, J = π*D^4 / 32 = 0.060 in^4 Shear stress due to Td, ST = Td*D / (2*J) = 8000 lbf/in^2 < GOAL SEEK Shaft torsion deflection angle, a = Td*L / (J*G) = 0.0158 radians = 0.90 degrees
POLAR MOMENT OF AREA AND SHEAR STRESS
Input Torsion, T = 360 in-lbf Round solid shaft diameter, D = 2.000 in Calculation Section polar moment of inertia, J = π*D^4 / 32 = 1.571 in^4 Torsion stress, Ft = T*(D/2) / J = 229 lb/in^2
Input Torsion, T = 1000 in-lbf Round tube shaft outside dia, Do = 2.250 in Round tube shaft inside dia, Di = 1.125 in Calculation Section polar moment of inertia, J = π*(Do^4 - Di^4) / 32 J= 2.359 in^4 Torsion stress, Ft = T*(Do/2) / J = 477 lb/in^2
Input Torsion, T = 1000 in-lbf Square shaft breadth = height, B = 1.750 in Calculation Section polar moment of inertia, J = B^4 / 6 = 1.563 in^4 Torsion stress, Ft = T*(B/2) / J = 560 lb/in^2
Input Torsion, T = 1000 in-lbf Rectangular shaft breadth, B = 1.000 in Height, H = 2.000 in Calculation Section polar moment of inertia, J = B*H*(B^2 + H^2)/ 12 = 0.833 in^4 Torsion stress, Ft = T*(B/2) / J = 600 lb/in^2 Cantilever shaft bending moment Input Shaft transverse load, W = 740 lbf Position in shaft, x = 5 in Bending shock & fatigue factor, Km = 3 Shaft diameter, D = 1.000 in Calculation Moment at x, Mx = W*x in-lbs Design moment at x, Md = Km*Mx = 11100 in-lbs Section moment of inertia, I = π*D^4 / 64 = 0.049 in^4 Bending stress for shaft, Fb = M*D / (2*I) = 113049 lbs/in^2 < GOAL SEEK
Cantilever shaft bending deflection Input
Shaft transverse load at free end, W = 740 lbf Shaft diameter, D = 1.000 in Shaft length, L = 10 in Deflection location, x = 5 in ending moment shock load factor, Km = 3 Modulus of elasticity, E = 29000000 psi
Calculation Section moment of inertia, I = π*D^4 / 64 = 0.049 in^4 Moment at, x = 5 in Moment at x, M = Km*W*x = 11100 in-lbf Bending stress at x: Sb = M*(D/2) / I 113063 lbf/in^2 < GOAL SEEK Cantilever bend'g deflection at x, Yx (-W*x^2/(6*E*I))*((3*L) = - x) = -0.0541 in Bending deflection at x = 0, Y = -W*L^3 / (3*E*I) Y= -0.1733 in
Section Moment of Inertia Input
Round solid shaft diameter, D = 1.000 in Calculations Section moment of inertia, Izz = π*D^4 / 64 Answer: Izz = 0.049 in^4
Section moment of Inertia Input
Round tube shaft diameter, Do = 1.750 in Di = 1.5 in Calculation Section polar moment of inertia, Izz = π*(Do^4 - Di^4) / 64 Answer: Izz = 0.212 in^4
Section moment of Inertia Input
Square shaft breadth = height, B = 1.750 Calculation Section moment of inertia, Izz = B^4 / 12 Answer: Izz = 0.782 in^4
BENDING STRESS Enter values for applied moment at a beam section, c, Izz and Kb. Bending stress will be calculated. Input Applied moment at x, M = 1000 in-lbf c= 1.000 in Section moment of inertia, Izz = 2.5 in^4 Bending shock & fatigue factor, Kb = 3 - Calculation Max bending stress, Fb = Kb*M*c / I Answer: Fb = 1200 lb/in^2 BULK MATERIAL BELT CONVEYOR SHAFTING SPECIFICATION See PDHonline courses: M262 an M263 by the author of this course for more information. Pulley Shafts:
All shafts shall have one fixed type bearing; the balance on the shaft shall be expansion type.
Pulleys and pulley shafts shall be sized for combined torsional and bending static and fatigue stresses.
Shaft keys shall be the square parallel type and keyways adjacent to bearings shall be round end, all other keyways may be the run-out type. Pulleys:
The head pulley on the Reclaim Conveyor shall be welded 304-SS so
as not to interfere with tramp metal removal by the magnet.
All pulleys shall be welded steel crown faced, selected in accordance
with ratings established by the Mechanical Power Transmission Association Standard No.301-1965 and U.S.A.
Standard No.B105.1-1966. In no case shall the pulley shaft loads as
listed in the rating tables of these standards be exceeded.
All pulleys shall be crowned.
All drive pulleys shall be furnished with 1/2 inch thick vulcanized herringbone grooved lagging. Snub pulleys adjacent to drive pulleys shall have a minimum diameter of 16 inches.
