Unit 1

Unit 2 Why do people laugh?

Babies start laughing very soon after they were born. Deaf and blind people can laugh even
though they’ve never seen or heard anyone laughing.
Laughing seems to be a part of human nature, but what’s it for?
Many people think that we laugh because we see or hear something funny, but most of the
time this isn’t true. In one study, a professor of psychology and his students listened in and made
notes of hundreds of conversations in public places. They hear about 1,200 laughs, but only 10-20
percent came after a joke or something funny. The other 80-90 percent followed normal, everyday
expressions like, “I’ll see you later” or “It was nice to meet you”. No one really knows why we laugh,
but one idea is that the most important reason for laughing is to make other people feel good. When
you laugh, the people around you often start laughing too. Soon, the whole group is cheerful and
relaxed.
Laughter can stop negative feelings and help people to feel closer to each other. It may be
that thousands of years ago, before people could speak, laughter helped them to form groups and
work together. It also seems that laughter can be good for your health. Laughing a hundred times
uses the same energy as riding on an exercise bike for fifteen minutes.
The writer Norman Cousins, who suffers from back pain, wrote the watching comedy
programmes on TV helped him to feel better. He said that ten minutes of laughter gave him two
hours of pain-free sleep.

Vocabulary
1. deaf 2. blind 3. funny 4. psychology 5. Conversation 6. Joke

7. follow 8. Normal 9. Idea 10. Cheerful 11. Relaxed 12.

Laughter

13. negative 14. Comedy

Exercise
Answer the questions in complete sentences.
1. When do babies start crying?
2. According to the opinion of many people, why do we love?
3. What is the most important reason for laughing?
4.How did laughter help people thousands of years ago?
5. What is Normal Cousins and what helped him to get relief from his back pain?

Unit 3 Reading
People differ in reading ability. For example, those who have been reading a long time tend
to understand what they have read more quickly and more automatically than do new readers.
In addition, older readers bring more background experiences to their reading. They can use
their experiences to fill in important information that is not clearly stated in the text.
 A good reader uses various reading techniques. The technique depends on the type and
difficulty of the material, the purpose for reading it, and the reader’s own language development
and familiarity with the subject.
Reading can be classified into three main kinds: 1. Recreational reading, 2. Study-type
reading, and 3. Survey reading.
Recreational reading can provide hour after hour of enjoyment. When reading a story
purely for pleasure, most people read at a relaxed, uneven speed. Study-type reading usually
requires the reader to pay close attention to the text. A good reader looks for significant ideas and
details. Survey reading involves covering a large amount of text to get a general idea of its content.
Good readers can easily shift from one kind to another, depending on the purpose for reading and
on the material itself. For instead, a student collecting information to write a paper might begin
surveying articles to see if they fit to the topic. One article may lead the student to consider changing
the topic, and so the article is studied thoroughly and another topic chosen. While surveying for the
new service, the student looks for the information to create an outline. During the survey reading
the student may see an entertaining article and read for pleasure. Reading flexibility improves with
experience.
Beginners may tend to read everything somewhat awkwardly, advancing slowly word by
word because they doubt their ability to recognize words. By reading materials that follow their own
language patterns – that is, familiar words and sentences they use – even beginning readers can read
with both speed and understanding. In time, they learn that different reading materials make
different demands on their abilities.
Vocabulary

1. differ (v) 2. Ability (n) 3.state(v) 4.text(n) 5.technique(n) 6.purpose(n)

7. development(n) 8.classify(v) 9. recreational(adj) 10.survey(n) 11.provide(v)

12.significant (adj) 13.shift(v) 14.consider(v) 15. Outline(n) 16.somewhat(adv)

17.awkwardly(adv) 18.doubt(v) 19.demand(n)

Exercise

1. How can old readers read more quickly?

2. In what way can one’s experiences be helpful to him?
3. Why do readers use different reading techniques?
4.What are the different kinds of reading mentioned in the passage?
5. How would people read for pleasure?
6.When will a reader use study-type reading?
7.Why do some readers change their reading techniques as they continue reading?
8. Why can’t beginner read quickly?
9.How can new readers read with speed and understanding?
10. What will beginners finally know if they continue reading for some time?
Unit 5 What happened?
Michael was playing videogames in his bedroom. Then, he suddenly heard an explosion
nearby. He ran to the kitchen as soon as he could. He looked shocked and scared. He told his parents
that he heard that explosion. His dad went outside as fast as he can, and he saw fire nearby. He
called the fire station department and they arrived quickly as fast as they can. The fireman found out
that the neighbour was injured, and they called the ambulance immediately. The ambulance came
to the area very fast. They found the neighbor and went to the hospital. Three days later after the
explosion, the neighbor had 35% of skin burn. Michael and his family were worried about the
neighbor because he was so helpful and friendly. The whole family went to the hospital to look up
for the neighbor. After finding the neighbor, the neighbor told the family that his dog played with his
oven when jumping. The neighbour’s dog died after the fire explosion. “We will help you,” the family
said. The neighbor thanked the family. 12 days later after the explosion, the family began to rebuild
the house, and the neighbor is healthy again. Now the neighbour’s dog is dead sadly. The neighbor
must buy a new dog. The neighbor is saved now. Thanks to Michael that the neighbour’s life is
saved.
Vocabulary
1. explosion (n) 2. Shocked(adj) 3. Scared (adj) 4. Neighbor (n) 5. Injured (v)
6. ambulance (n) 7. Worried (adj) 8. Rebuild (verb)
Answer the following questions.
1. When the explosion nearby, what was Michael doing?
2. What the fireman found out?
3.Why Michael and his family were worried about the neighbor?
4. What cause the fire explosion to the neighbour’s house?
5.What happened after the fire explosion?
6. Where did Michael run when he heard the explosion?
Match the meaning of the words.
1.explosion a. build again after it has been damage
2.ambulance b. a violent burst, often with a loud noise
3. rebuild c. a person living nearby land
4. neighbour d. a car equipped for taking sick or injured
Person to and from hospital
Have you heard the explosion. When and why? What were you doing at that time. Write 5 or 6
sentences.

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Unit 6 Amazing adventure
Every year thousands of people try to climb the world’s highest mountains or walk across
the continents. Ed Stafford from the UK is the first person to walk along the Amazon river from the
mountains of Peru to the mouth of the river in Brazil.His amazing journey took two years and four
months. There are many dangerous animals in the rainforest but Ed was lucky. He was only bitten by
ants and mosquitoes. On his trip, Ed had to find fruit and nuts or catch fish each morning. Sometimes
food was hard to find and Ed was often tired and hungry. He used the radio to ask the people of the
rainforest for food and help. Many people came to meet him and guide him through the rainforest.
While he walked , Ed wrote a blog to tell the world about climate change of the rainforest.
Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner from Australia is one of the world’s greatest climber and has
climbed all climbed all the world’s mountains over 8,000 metres.It is very difficult to climb in cold
weather and storms but Gerlinde loves it. She started climbing as a teenager in the mountains near
her home. When she left school, she became a nurse but always went climbing in her free time.
Some adventures are always looking for a new challenge. Meagan McGrath from Canada
has climbed mountains , ridden a bike across Canada and run races in the dessert. But her most
incredible journey was a skiing trip to the South Pole. She skied through terrible storms and freezing
temperatures for forty days till she arrived at the South Pole.
Erik Weihenmayer from the United States has climbed mountains and ridden a bike through
desserts. Amazingly, Erik is blind and he wants other blind people to have active lives too. He has
taken groups of young blind people climbing in Nepal.
Vocabulary
1.continent (n) 2. Amazing (adj) 3. rainforest (n) 4. teenager(n) 5. Dessert(n) 6.blind
(adj)
Write True or False of the following.
1. Ed Stafford walked along the Amazon from Brazil to the mountains of Peru.
2. Ed’s walked along the Amazon took 28 months.
3. Ed was bitten by a snake in the rainforest.
4. Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner helps a charity for blind.
5. Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner climbed for the first time when she was a nurse.
6. Megan Mcgrath had bad weather on her skiing trip to the South Pole.
Answer the following questions.
1.What did Ed Stafford use to connect the people of the rainforest?
2.What is Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner?
3. When did Gerlinde start climbing?
4. What did she do after she left school?
5. Why is Erick strange?
Unit 7
Unit 8
Unit 9 The wild life
 Long before the arrival of Europeans Prairie (the wide grasslands of what is now called
Alberta) . The First Nations people lived in a harmonious relationship with their natural
surroundings . Every item of their culture , from sewing needles to homes was obtained from nature.
Their homes were called teepees and were like large tents made from the skins of deer. These
people tribes with names like the Blackfoot, the Peigan and the blood people – were nomadic which
means that they travelled from place to place following the animals they hunted or the growth of
the berries and fruits on the bushes and trees. They had horses although horses came to North
America after escaping from the Spanish explorers who brought them here to explore the area
around Mexico and Texas. Boys and girls were both expert riders. They did not use saddles or reins
or stirrups: they rode “bareback”. Their clothes were made from deer skins and decorated with the
parts of other animals – tails from squirrels and gophers. These children of nature did not ever have
to go to school. They did not have to study to get into a college. Their life was not easy. The winters
were very long and very cold. There were sometimes wars between tribes.. There were no hospital
in those days.
Write true or false .
1.Ridding bareback means riding without equipment on the horse.
2.First Nation people never killed deer.
3. People’s lives in that time was difficult.
Answer the following questions.
1.What is European Prairie?
2.Why did they travel from place to place?
3. How did they make their clothes?
4. Did they go to school?
5. What was boys and girls high level skill?