Palestine Polytechnic University

College of Engineering & Technology

Mechanical Engineering Department

PROJECT NAME

Developing psychrometric chart for Palestine main locations

using matlab soft ware computer program
Student name

Akram Mosbah Al-zabadeia

Project Supervisor
Eng. Mohammad Awad
Hebron – Palestine
jun -2010
 According to the project supervisor and according to the agreement of
the Testing committee members, this project is submitted to the Department
of Mechanical Engineering at college of engineering and technology in
partial fulfillment of the requirements of (B.SC) degree.

Supervisor Signature

..............................

Examine community Signature

.............................. .............................. ..............................

Department Head Signature

..............................
 Dedication

I gift this graduation project

To my parents who raised us
To who carry candle of science
To light his avenue
Of live

To all students & who

Wish to look for
The future

To who love the knowledge &

Looking for all is new
In this world
 Acknowledgement

My thanks go first to my advisor Eng. Mohammad Awad. His guidance and

support made this work possible. His constant encouragement, intuitive wisdom, and
resolute Leadership were instrumental in completing this work.

I wish to thank Dr.Ishaq Sider and Eng. Kazem Osaily. I sincerely believe
that my work would not exist without their inspiration

I also thank everyone helped me and encouraged me.

And finally, my ultimate thanks go to all lecturers, doctors, engineers, and to

the great edifice of science, (Palestine Polytechnic University), for their effort and
guidance which helped building our characters to become successful engineers.
 ABSTRACT

Air conditioning is very important in our life now. It basically depend on the
psychrometric processes and psychrometric chart, this project idea is to developing
anew psychrometric chart for different metrological location in Palestine instead of
the atmospheric psychrometric chart. In this project, a computer soft ware will use
to analyzing and calculating the properties of air and plotting the psychrometric chart
for different meteorological locations in palestine. These locations are Hebron,
Jerusalem, Jericho, and Gaza.
 Table of Contents
Subject Page
Title----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I
Department Head And Supervisor Signature----------------------------------------------- II
Dedication--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- III
Acknowledgments------------------------------------------------------------------------------ IV
Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ V
Table Of Contents------------------------------------------------------------------------------ VI
List Of Tables----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VIII
List Of Figures---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VIII
List of symbols ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER ONE : Introduction------------------------------------------------------------ 1

1.1 project background ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
1.2 project scope------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2
1.3 Project Objectives ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
14 project implementation plane------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
1.5Time table------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
CHAPTER TWO : Psychrometry----------------------------------------------------- 5
2.1introductiont------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6
2.2 dry and atmospheric air------------------------------------------------------------------ 6
2.3 specific and relative humidity----------------------------------------------------------- 9
2.4 dew point temperature ------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
2.5 adiabatic saturation process -------------------------------------------------------------- 11
3.1 psychrometric chart------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13
CHAPTER TREE : Data collection------------------------------------------------------------ 26
3.1 Palestine main locations ---------------------------------------------------------------- 27
CHAPTER FOUR :Results---------------------------------------------------- 34
4.1 matlab program for drawing different pressure psychrometric chart ------- 35
4.1.1 relation between relative humidity and pressure.------------------------------- 50
4.1.2Relation between specific humidity and pressure.------------------------------ 50
4.1.3 Relation between specific volume and pressure.--------------------------------- 51
4.1.4 Relation between dry bulb temperature and pressure. ------------------------ 51
4.1.5Relation between wet bulb temperature and pressure.-------------------------- 52
4.1.6 Relation between wet bulb temperature and pressure.---------------------------- 53
4.2 Compare btween results.--------------------------------------------------------------------- 54
 List of tables

Table Description Page

number
Table 1.1 Project time table 6
Table 3.1 Hebron monthly climate average 28
Table 3.2 Jerusalem monthly climate average 29
Table 3.3 Nablus monthly climate average 29
Table 3.4 Jericho monthly climate average 30
Table 3.5 Gaza monthly climate average 30

List of Figures

Figures Description Page

number
Figure 2.1 T-v diagram for water vapor 4
Figure 2.2 Adiabatic mexing 12
Figure 2.3 T-v diagram adiabatic process 13
Figure 2.4 Sling psychrometer 14
Figure 2.5 Properties of most air on psychrometric chart 16
Figure 2.6 Constant line on psychrometric chart 16
Figure 2.7 Heating and cooling process 17
Figure 2.8 dehumidification 18
Figure 2.9 Adiabatic humidification 19
Figure 2.10 Adiabatic mixing 20
Figure 2.11 Adiabatic mixing process 21
Figure 2.12 Climate classification on psychrometric chart 22
Figure 2.13 Sumer air conditioning cycle 23
Figure 2.14 Winter air conditioning cycle 23
Figure 2.15 Cooling tower 24
Figure 2.16 Cooling tower process 24
Figure 2.17 typical cooling water circulation system 25
Figure 2.18 Natural draft cooling towers 25
Figure 2.19 Mechanical draft cooling tower 26
Figure 3.1 Hebron psychrometric chart
Figure 3.2 Jerusalem psychrometric chart
Figure 3.3 Nablus psychrometric chart
Figure 3.4 Jericho psychrometric chart
Figure 3.5 Gaza psychrometric chart
Figure 4.1 Barograph 35
Figure 4.2 mercury barometer 35
Figure 4.3 bulb thermo meter 36
Figure 4.4 spring thermo meter
Figure 4.5 the thermo hygrograph
References:

1. Mohammed A.Alsaad, and Mahmud A.Hammad, heating and air conditioning for
residential building . fourth editiona, 2007.
2. John A Duffie, and William A Beckman. Solar Engineering of Thermal processes, Second
Edition, John Wiley And Sons.
3. J P Holman, Heat Transfer. McGraw Hill.

4.yunus cengel, thermodynamic an engineering approach,fifth edition,2005.

5. NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) Annual Report: Air & Energy/Global
warming;
6. http://www.nrdc.org/globalWarming, 2006.
7. Wikipedia website, www.wikipedia.org.
8. www.pdf-search-engine.com.
9. Yunus_A._Cengel, Heat Transfer A Practical Approach.
10. Joseph Shigley, Charles Mischke and Richard Budynas Mechanical Engineering Design,
McGraw Hill.
11. matlab, soft ware computer program
C hapter one

General Introduction
 Project Background.
 Project Scope.
 Project Goals and Objectives.
 Project Implementation Plan.

١
1.1 Project Background

Human still thinking how to improve his life to be easy so as to be better,

this is the reason of spread industry and technology, and life became easier than
previous mode.

So HVAC engineers developing the psychometric chart which is a plot of

psychrometric properties of moist air. It's considered as one of the major tool
used in air conditioning practice. It reduced the tedious and time consuming
computation to simple plotting of moist air process on such a chart and then
estimating the desired properties.

Psychrometric chart is a thermodynamic chart. However, it is normally

presented at atmospheric pressure only, as most applications are at this pressure.
Thus, we need only 2 more properties to determine the thermodynamic state –
the pressure is already given. Thus, if we have a psychrometric problem at non-
atmospheric pressure, the atmospheric psychrometric cannot be used. Any
more, instead one has to use the tedious and time consuming relations for
determining the properties for each state of the air.

In this project, a computer soft ware computer program for analyzing and
calculating the properties of air and plotting the psychrometric chart for different
metrological locations in Palestine will be performed and developed. These
locations are Hebron, Jerusalem, Nablus, Jericho, and Gaza.

1.2 Project Scope

The scope of the project is to develop new psychrometric charts for

different metrological location in Palestine. This includes the following main
topics:

 Analysis of the thermodynamic properties of moist air.

 Studying the psychrometric processes and how it happens.

٢
  Studying different metrological location in Palestine and their barometrical
climate and main pressure.
 Discussing and defining the metrology used for the measurements of
psychrometric in the metrological locations.
 Develop new psychrometric chart for Palestine different locations
simulation using soft ware computer program to plot the charts

1.3 Project Goals and Objectives

The overall aim of the project is to develop a computer program for plotting
the psychrometric chart for different pressure locations by the aid of suitable
software.

1.3.1 The main objective

 Applying the HVAC engineering principles on the various process components

and systems.
 Creating bridges between engineering education and the society.
 Providing the HVAC engineers with suitable psychrometric chart
corresponding to each location.
 Studying the psychrometric properties and how are they measured.
 Studying the measuring tools of practical psychrometric properties.
 Learning a new computer program (matlab) that can be used for this purpose.
 Such a project provides the opportunity to apply what have been studied in five
years in the engineering collage.
 The availability of obtaining funds from computer soft ware prushing the
required project component.
 Put the data collection about Palestine psychrometric properties in the
psychrometric building equation.
 Using matlab software program to programming the equations.
 Developing five psychrometric charts for Hebron, Jerusalem , Nablus ,Jericho
and Gaza.

٣
  Analyzing and defining the percent error by using the one atmospheric pressure
chart instead of the exact at the same process.

1.4 Project Implementation Plan

This project intended to sustain a high level of scientific value, however, the
project has got tasks, goals and objectives, in addition to the time table, thus when
they are achieved; and then the project has accomplished that level

1.5 Time Table

The time table for the project is illustrated in (Table 1.1)

Table 1.1: The time table for 1st semester

Objective Week #
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
Selecting
project title
Planning and Setting Project
Concepts and Goals
Establishing Scientific
Background
studying the psychrometric
equations
visiting metrology
department

Using matlab program

Analyzing data
Writing Report
Presentation

٤
Chapter Two
psychrometry
 Introduction.
 Dry and atmospheric air.
 Specific and relative humidity.
 Dew point temperature.
 Adiabatic saturation process.
 Psychrometric chart

٥
2.1 Introduction

If HVAC problems and challenges are to be properly diagnosed and designed, it

is essential that the Psychometric chart and psychometrics, in general be clearly
Understood. This course will review the essential elements of psychrometric and the
behavior of mixture of air and water vapor under varying conditions, and plotting the
state and processes on the psychrometric chart. With this knowledge, one will be
able to understand many of the HVAC challenges that are certain to arise, as well as
anticipate problems before they Occur and incorporate in his design.

2.2 Dry and atmospheric air

Air is mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and small amount of some other gases. Air in
atmosphere normally contain some water vapor and is referred to as atmospheric air.
Air that contains no water vapor is called dry air. The amount of water vapor changes
as result of condensation and evaporation from oceans, lakes, rivers, showers, and
even the human body. Although the amount of water vapor in the air is small, it plays
major role in human comfort . Therefore, it's an important consideration in air-
conditioning applications.

The temperature of air in air conditioning aplication range from -10 to about
◦
50 C. In this range, dry air can be treated as an ideal gas with a constant Cp value of
1.005kJ/kg.K, taking 0◦C as the reference temperature, we find it convenient to
sketch our processes for the water-vapor component on a T-v diagram
follow:

٦
 Figure [2.1] T-v diagram for water vapor

Consider the water vapor shown at state (1) on the diagram. We will find it
convenient throughout this section to evaluate enthalpy with respect to T 0 = 0°C,
since ultimately we only consider differences in enthalpy. From the above diagram:

h dry air = CpT = (1.005 kj/ kg. ◦C)*T (2.1)

∆h dry air = Cp∆T = (1.005 kj / kg ◦C)*T (2.2)

Where T is the temperature in ◦C and ∆T is the change in temperature. In air-

Conditioning processes we are concerned with the change in enthalpy ∆h, which Is
independent of the referance point selected.Water vapor in air behaves as if it exist
alone and obey the ideal gas relation PV=RT

An ideal gas is defined as a gas whose molecules are spaced far apart so that the
behavior of a molecule is not influenced by the presence of other molecules—a
situation encountered at low densities. When two or more ideal gases are mixed, the
behavior of a molecule normally is not influenced by the presence of other similar or
dissimilar molecules, and therefore a non reacting mixture of ideal gases also
behaves as an ideal gas. Air, for example, is conveniently treated as an ideal gas in
the range where nitrogen and oxygen behave as ideal gases. When a gas mixture
consists of real (nonideal) gases, however, the prediction of the P-v-T
٧
Behavior of the mixture becomes rather involved. The prediction of the P-v-T
behavior of gas mixtures is usually based on two models: Dalton’s law of additive
pressures and Amagat’s law of additive volumes. Both models are described and
discussed below.

Dalton’s law of additive pressures: The pressure of a gas mixture is equalto the sum
of the pressures each gas would exert if it existed alone at the mixture temperature
and volume

Amagat’s law of additive volumes: The volume of a gas mixture is equal to the sum
of the volumes each gas would occupy if it existed alone at the mixture temperature
and pressure.

Then the atmospheric air can be treated as an ideal gas mixture whose pressure is the
Sum of the partial pressure of dry air Pa and that of water vapor Pv.

P = Pa + Pv (Kpa) (2.3)

Since water vapor is an ideal gas, the enthalpy of water vapor is function of
temperature only, that is, h = h(T). This can also be observed from T-s diagram of
Water T-s diagram where the constant enthalpy lines coincide with constant
temperature lines at temperature below 50 ◦C. therefore, the enthalpy of water vapor
In air can be taken to be equal to the enthalpy of saturated vapor at the same
Temperature. That is,

hv (T, lowP) = hg(T) ( 2.4)

The enthalpy of water vapor at 0 ◦C is 2500.9 kj / kg . the average Cp value of water

vapor in the temperature range -10 to 50 ◦C can be 1.82 kj / kg . ◦C then the enthalpy
of water vapor is.

Hg(T) = 2500.9 + 1.82T (kj/kg) T in ◦C ( 2.5)

٨
2.3 Specific and relative humidity of air

The amount of water vapor in the air can be specified in various ways probably the
most logical way is to specify directly the mass of water vapor present in the unit of
mass of dry air. This is called specific humidity and denoted by ω.

(2.6)

Note that other terms in common usage are humidity ratio or absolute humidity to
denote specific humidity. The specific humidity can be conveniently determined in
terms of the partial pressures Pa and Pv as follows:

(2.7)

the ‘relative humidity's: is the ratio of the mole fraction of water vapors in a
given sample of moist air to the mole fraction of water vapors in air saturated at
the same temperature and pressure. It is also the ratio of the partial pressure of
water vapor to the partial pressure of water vapor in air saturated at the same

٩
 temperature and pressure. The relative humidity is the colloquial way of
expressing moisture content.

(2.8)

Furthermore, we can determine the specific humidity in terms of the

Relative humidity, and vice versa, as follow.

( 2.9)

( 2.10)

The relative humidity range from 0 for dry air to one for saturated air. Note that the
Amount of moist air can hold depend on its temperature .

2.4 Dew point temperature

The dew-point temperature Tdp is defined as the temperature at which

condensation begins when the air is cooled at constant pressure. In other words, Tdp
is the saturation temperature of water corresponding to the vapor pressure:

Tdp=Tsat@pv (2.11)

As the air cools at constant pressure, the vapor pressure Pv remains constant.
Therefore, the vapor in the air undergoes a constant-pressure cooling process until it

١٠
 strikes the saturated vapor line The temperature at this point is Tdp, and if the
temperature drops any further, some vapor condenses out. As a result, the amount of
vapor in the air decreases, which results in a decrease in Pv. The air remains
saturated during the condensation process and thus follows a path of100 percent
relative humidity (the saturated vapor line). The ordinary temperature and the dew-
point temperature of saturated air are identical. You have probably noticed that when
you buy a cold canned drink from a vending machine on a hot and humid day, dew
forms on the can. The formation of dew on the can indicates that the temperature of
the drink is below the dew-point temperature of the surrounding air. The dew-point
temperature of room air can be determined easily by cooling some water in a metal
cup by adding small amounts of ice and stirring. The temperature of the outer surface
of the cup when dew starts to form on

2.5 The Adiabatic Saturation Process

There is no direct method of measuring specific humidity or relative humidity

Фthus in this section we develop the Adiabatic Saturation Process leading to the
practical Wet & Dry Bulb Thermometer, or Sling Psychrometer. Consider the
channel below in which air of unknown humidity enters at station (1) and after
absorbing moisture from the liquid pool, exits at 100% relative humidity at station
(2). This process is shown on the T-v diagram below.

Figure [2.2] adiabatic mixing

١١
 Figure [2.3]T-v diagram for adiabatic process

the adiabatic saturation process described above can be analyzed as a steady-flow

process. The process involves no heat or work interactions, and the kinetic and
potential energy changes can be neglected. Then the conservation of mass and
conservation of energy relations for this two inlet, One-exit steady-flow system
reduces to the following:

mass flow:

(2.12)

energy:

( 2.13)

Referring to the T-v diagram above, since =100%, Pv2=Pg2, thus:

١٢
 ( 2.14)

In order to determine T2 and T1 we use a wet & dry bulb thermometer (or
sling psychrometer), typically as in the following figure. The wet bulb is
wrapped in a cotton wick saturated with water, and one swings the
thermometer in the air until a steady temperature is attained. The wet bulb
temperature Twb is then very closely equal to the adiabatic saturation
temperature T2.

Figure[2.4] sling psychrometer

2.6 Psychometric Chart and Air Characteristics

A psychrometric chart presents physical and thermal properties of moist air in a

graphical form. It can be very helpful in troubleshooting greenhouse or livestock
building environmental problems and in determining solutions. Understanding
psychrometric charts helps visualization of environmental control concepts such as
١٣
why heated air can hold more moisture, and conversely, how allowing moist air to
cool will result in condensation. The objective of this fact sheet is to explain
characteristics of moist air and how they are used in a psychrometric chart.

A psychrometric chart contains a lot of information packed into an odd-shaped

graph. If we dissect the components piece by piece, the usefulness of the chart will
be clearer. Boundaries of the psychrometric chart are a dry-bulb temperature scale on
the horizontal axis, a humidity ratio (moisture content) scale on the vertical axis, and
an upper curved boundary which represents saturated air or 100 percent moisture
holding capacity. The chart shows other important moist air properties as: wet-bulb
temperature; enthalpy; dewpoint or saturation temperature; relative humidity; and
specific volume. for explanation of these terms. Moist air can be described by
finding the intersection of any two of these properties and from that point all the
other properties can be read. The key is to determine which set of lines on the chart
represent the air property of interest. Some practice with examples will help.

An understanding of the shape and use of the psychrometric chart will help in
diagnosing air temperature and humidity problems. Note that cooler air (located
along lower, left region of chart) will not hold as much moisture (as seen on the y-
axis' humidity ratio) as warm air (located along right side of chart). A rule of thumb,
inside typical greenhouses or animal buildings during winter conditions, is that a
10oF rise in air temperature can decrease relative humidity 20 percent. Use of a
psychrometric chart will show that this is roughly true. For example, to decrease
relative humidity in a winter greenhouse during a critical time period, we could heat
theair.

١٤
 Figure [2.5] Properties of moist air on a
psychrometric chart. Wet-bulb temperature and
enthalpy use the same chart line but values are
read off separate scales.

2.6. 1 Psychometrics processes

Just as we have several commonly used processes in the thermodynamics of pure

substances (isobars, isotherms, isochores), there are several common processes for
air+water vapor mixtures.

Figure [2.6] constant lines in psychrometric chart

١٥
 2.6.1.1 Heating or cooling of moist air

The addition or removal of heat, without any change in the moisture content (i.e. the
humidity ratio), must result in a change of the dry bulb temperature (DBT). The state
will move horizontally left (cooling) or right (heating):

Figure [2.7] heating and cooling process

The amount of heat transferred to/from the mixture is of course governed by the
q=ma (h2-h1) (2.15)

Where it is noted that since the enthalpies are per unit mass of the dry air in the
mixture, this enthalpy difference is multiplied by the mass of air to obtain the heat
transfer. if, as a result of the cooling, the left moving point reaches the saturation
line, some condensation will start:

١٦
 Figure [2.8] dehumidification

The DBT that corresponds to this point is referred to as the ‘dew point temperature’
of the original mixture, as this is the first point at which liquid water (i.e. dew, fog or
mist) forms. If there is further cooling, the state point moves along the saturation line
and further condensation will occur.

application of the first law to this process yields

q= ma (h2-h1) + mω hω (2.16)

where mw and hw are the mass and enthalpy of the liquid water present at the end of
the process (this water separates out from the vapor mixture as condensate, and so is
not represented on the chart, but must be considered in the any mass or energy
balance).The initial and final moisture contents during this process are and
respectively. Since the water must be conserved,

mawa = ma*w2 + mw

mw = ma (w1 – w2 )

q=ma [(h2-h1)-(w2-w1) hw] ( 2.17 )

١٧
 This cooling process can therefore also reasonably be called ‘dehumidification by
cooling’ since the absolute humidity (i.e. the humidity ratio) decreases.

2.6.1.2 Adiabatic humidification (or evaporative cooling)

If water is evaporated into the air-water vapor mixture without any heat addition or
removal (i.e. adiabatically), the heat required to evaporate the water is taken from the
vapor mixture. The DBT is therefore reduced whilst the state point moves along a
line of constant wet bulb temperature (WBT).

consider a stream of air-water vapor mixture into which a water spray evaporates.

Figure [2.9] adiabatic humidification

ma (h2-h1) = mwhw = 0 ( 2.18)

once again, since the mass of water is conserved,

maw1+mw = maw2

mw = ma(w2-w1) ( 2.19)


١٨
 and thus

hw=

if the air-water vapor mixture is passed through a chemical sorbent material (e.g. a
silica gel), some of the moisture is removed and the latent heat of evaporation is
released. Thus, the DBT increases along a line of constant WBT if this process is
adiabatic.

2.6.1.3 Adiabatic mixing of two vapor streams

• consider the mixing of two air streams,

Figure [2.10] adiabatic mixing

ma3h3 – ma1h1 –mah2 = 0 (2.21)

conservation of air

ma3= ma1+ma2 ( 2.22)

conservation of water

١٩
 ma3w3 = ma1w1 + ma2 w2 ( 2.23)

combining (8.11) and (8.12) with (8.10) to eliminate

H3= ( 2.24)


thus, the process is as follows on the psychrometric chart,

Figure[ 2.11]adiabatic mixing process

2.6.1.4 Air conditioning

in terms of the psychrometric chart, our perception of ‘comfort’ is roughly as

Follows:

٢٠
 Figure[2.12] climate classifications on psychometric chart

‘air conditioning’ is the generic term given to use of psychrometric processes

that move the state of the air-water vapor mixture to an intended place on the
chart. This is usually to ‘cool’ or ‘moderate’ conditions, and may involve both
heating and cooling the mixture. a simple arrangement of a summer air
conditioning cycle,

٢١
 Figure [2.13] summer air conditioning cycle

a simple arrangement of a winter air conditioning cycle,

Figure[ 2.14] winter air conditioning cycle

Cooling towers

Cooling towers are a very important part of almost all power plants. Their operation is in
principle very simple. They cool the cooling water by evaporating some of it into a
passing stream of moist air. Considering a spray of cooling water

Droplets in the tower,

٢٢
 Figure [2.15] cooling tower

cooling towers are closely adiabatic devices, with the vapor phase represented as
follows on the psychrometric chart for the ideal process,

Figure [2.16] cooling tower processes in psychrometric chart

here the red and pink lines represent the paths taken by the vapour as it cools and then
as the cooling water evaporates. a typical cooling water circulation system:

٢٣
 Figure [2.17] typical cooling water circulation system

hot water from the heat exchangers is sent to the cooling tower. The water (minus
that evaporated) is sent back to the heat exchangers for further cooling. Make-up
water is used to replenish water lost to evaporation. There are essentially 2 types
of cooling tower designs:

Natural draft cooling towers

As the name suggests, natural draft cooling towers exploit natural (or free)
convection to move air through the cooling water. These types of towers are
typically very large (~150m high and ~100m base diameter) and are generally
used with high water flow rates (~10-20 m3/s)

Figure 2.18 Natural draft cooling towers

٢٤


often these are used in coal fired power stations. When you see a vapor plume
coming from the top, it is of course not smoke, and means that the tower
isPerforming as intended!

Mechanical draft cooling towers

Mechanical draft cooling towers are used for low and moderate water flow rates,
especially in central air conditioning and refrigeration plants. Fans force air
through the circulated water.There are many configurations of mechanical draft
cooling towers, for example,

Figure [2.19] Mechanical draft cooling tower

٢٥
Chapter three
Data collection and psychrometric chart for
Palestine main locations

 Palestine main metrological locations.

 Palestine main locations psychrometric chart.

٢٦
3.1 Palestine metrological locations.

Studying the psychometrics properties for Palestine different metrological location

need information's about the metrological and climate properties. Each metrology
department in Palestine collects information about its location metrology and climate.
The project need five location to cover all Palestine different climate these location
distributed in five metrological different locations these location are Hebron,
Jerusalem, Nablus, Jericho, and Gaza. So collecting statistical psychrometric and
climates data about these from the metrology department in Hebron. The
information's need in this project was taken from Hebron meteorology department.
The information's given as the follow:
1) Hebron located in the south of Palestine, its psychrometric properties as in the
following table:
Table 3.1 Hebron Monthly climate average
Element Jan Feb. Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean max 10.2 11.5 14.6 19.6 23.6 25.9 27.2 27.2 26 23.2 17.5 12.1
temp (С)
Mean min 4 4.7 6.5 9.9 13.2 15.8 17 17 15.9 14 9.9 5.6
temp (С)
Absolute 21.4 21 23.6 32.6 34 33.5 38 33.4 34.6 31.6 31.6 22
max temp
(С)
Absolute -1 -3 -0.5 1 6.5 10 13 12 12 9 2 -0.4
min temp
(С)
Mean temp 7.1 8.1 10.5 14.7 18.4 20.8 22.1 22.1 20.9 18.6 13.7 8.8
(С)
Pressure 903 902 901 901 901 900 899 899 902 903 904 904
(mbar)
Mean RH% 74 72 66 55 48 51 57 60 62 59 64 73

٢٧
 2) Jerusalem located in the middle of Palestine, its psychrometric properties and
psychrometric chart as in the following table:

Table 3.2 Jerusalem Monthly climate average

Element Jan Feb. Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean max 11.4 12.9 16 20.9 24.8 27.3 28.4 28.6 27.5 24.5 18.7 13.3
temp (С)
Mean min 6.1 6.9 8.7 10.3 15.3 17.7 18.9 19 18.1 16.4 12.3 8
temp (С)
Absolute 20.2 21.8 26.3 34.5 38 36 35.6 37.3 37.2 32.7 27.2 26.5
max temp
(С)
Absolute -4.1 -3.4 1 2 4.6 9 13.6 14.4 8.6 8.5 0.2 -1
min temp
(С)
Mean temp 8.7 9.9 12.3 15.6 20 22.5 23.6 23.8 22.8 20.4 15.5 10.6
(С)
Pressure 924 923 922 921 922 921 919 919 922 924 925 925
(mbar)
Mean RH% 67 66 59 50 45 48 53 57 58 56 59 66

٢٨
 3) Nablus located in the north of Palestine, its psychometrics properties as the
following table:

Table 3.3 Nablus Monthly climate average

Element Jan Feb. Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean max 13.1 14.4 17.2 22.2 25.7 27.9 29.1 29.4 28.4 25.8 20.2 14.6
temp (С)
Mean min 6.2 6.7 8.8 12.1 14.9 17.4 19.3 19.5 18.5 16.2 12.1 7.8
temp (С)
Absolute 22.9 28.1 30.4 35 38.6 38 38.1 38.6 38.8 35.3 30.7 28
max temp
(С)

٢٩
Absolute -0.6 -2.8 -1 0.6 6.9 11.4 12.3 15.9 13 9.3 1.4 0.3
min temp
(С)
Mean temp 9.6 10.5 13 17.1 20.3 22.6 24.2 24.4 23.4 21 16.1 11.2
(С)
Pressure 953 952 951 949 948 946 944 945 948 951 953 953
(mbar)
Mean RH% 67 67 62 53 51 55 61 65 64 57 57 67

4) Jericho is located in the east , its psychometrics properties as the following

table:

Table 3.4 Jericho Monthly climate average

٣٠
Element Jan Feb. Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean 19.1 20.9 24.3 29.3 33.7 36.7 37.8 37.6 36.1 32.3 26.4 20.5
max
temp (С)
Mean 7.4 8.3 10.5 14.2 17.6 20.4 22.1 22.4 21.2 17.9 12.9 9
min
temp (С)
Absolute 25 27.6 33.8 41.4 46.4 45 44 45.6 43.4 40.6 34.8 28.8
max
temp (С)
Absolute 0.2 -0.4 2.8 2.4 10.4 15.4 18 19 13.2 11.4 4.2 2.1
min
temp (С)
Mean 13.2 14.6 17.4 21.7 25.6 28.5 29.9 30 28.6 25.1 19.6 14.7
temp (С)
Pressure 1048 1046 1044 1041 1040 1037 1034 1035 1039 1042 1046 1048
(mbar)
Mean 70 65 57 45 38 38 40 44 47 51 60 70
RH%

٣١
 5) Gaza it located at the sea level its psychrometric properties as in the following
table:
Table 3.5 Gaza Monthly climate average
Element Jan Feb. Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mean 17.5 17.5 19.5 23 24.5 27 29 29.5 27.5 26.5 23 19
max
temp (С)
Mean 9.4 10 11.7 14.5 16.9 19.7 21.8 22.2 21.2 19.4 14.5 11.3
min
temp (С)
Absolute 31.2 34.4 34.8 41.2 43.5 40 36 32.8 38.8 37.4 35.4 31.6
max
temp (С)
Absolute 2 2.6 3.6 7.4 11.4 14.8 18.5 19.2 16.2 12.2 7.5 3.4
min
temp (С)
Mean 13.4 13.7 15.6 18.7 20.7 23.3 25.4 25.8 24.3 22.9 18.7 15.1
temp (С)
Pressure 1016 1016 1013 1012 1011 1009 1006 1008 1011 1013 1014 1017
(mbar)
Mean 67 67 70 70 73 75 76 75 73 69 67 68
RH%

٣٢
٣٣
C hapter Four

Resultes
 Matlab program for different pressure psychrometric chart.
 Relation between relative humidity and pressure.
 Relation between specific humidity and pressure.
 Relation between specific volume and pressure.
 Relation between dry bulb temperature and pressure.
 Relation between wet bulb temperature and pressure.

٣٤
4.1 matlab program for drawing different pressure psychrometric chart

% %psychrometric chart for different values of pressure

unit= input('1-KPa 2-bar 3-atm=\n');
unit1= input('1-C 2-K=\n');
tpg = [0.01 0.61165
1 0.65709
2 0.70599
3 0.75808
4 0.81355
5 0.87258
6 0.93536
7 1.00210
8 1.07300
9 1.14830
10 1.22820
11 1.31300
12 1.40280
13 1.49810
14 1.59900
15 1.70580
16 1.81880
17 1.93840
18 2.06470
19 2.19830
20 2.33930
21 2.48820
22 2.64530
23 2.81110
24 2.98580
25 3.16990
26 3.36390
27 3.56810
28 3.78310
29 4.00920
30 4.24700
31 4.49690
32 4.75960
33 5.03540
34 5.32510
35 5.62900
36 5.94790
37 6.28230
38 6.63280
39 7.00020
40 7.38490
41 7.78780
42 8.20960
43 8.65080
44 9.11240
45 9.59500
46 10.09900
47 10.62700
48 11.17700
49 11.75200
50 12.35200
];

t = tpg(:,1); % temperature (C)

pg = tpg(:,2); % saturation vapor pressure (kPa)

٣٥
patm1= input('atmospheric pressure=\n');% standard atmosphere (kPa)
if(unit==1)
patm= patm1;
else if(unit==2)
patm=patm1*100 ;
else if(unit==3)
patm=patm1*101.325;
end
end
end
rair = 0.287; % gas constant of air (kJ/kg.K)
wg = 622*pg./(patm-pg); % saturation specific humidity
plot(t,wg,'r-')
hold
grid
T= input('T=\n')
if(unit1==1)
T=T;
else if(unit1==2)
T= T-273;
end
end
for n= 1:50
if(T==t(n))
break
end
end
rh= input('relative humidity= \n')
for phi = 0.1:0.1:0.8% phi = relative humidity 10%- 80%
w = 622*phi*pg./(patm-phi*pg);
if(rh== phi)
SpecificHumidity = w(n)
end
plot(t,w)
end

% % specific volume and enthalpy/wet-bulb-temp

tpg1 = [5 0.87258
10 1.22820
15 1.70580
20 2.33930
25 3.16990
30 4.24700
35 5.62900];
t1 = tpg1(:,1); % saturation temperature (C)
pg1 = tpg1(:,2); % saturation pressure (kPa)
wg1 = 622*pg1./(patm-pg1); % saturation specific humidity
% % specific volume of dry air (cubic m/kg dry air) (green)
T1= input('T1=\n')
if(unit1==1)
T1=T1;
else if(unit==2)
T1= T1-273;
end
end
for n= 1:50
if(T1==t1(n))
break
end
end
vol = rair.*(t1+273)./(patm-pg1); % specific vol at saturation

٣٦
SpecificVolume= vol(n)
tv0 = patm*vol/rair-273; % air temperature at zero humidity
for i = 1:7
plot([t1(i),tv0(i)],[wg1(i),0],'g-')
end
% % wet bulb temperature (also enthalpy) lines (red)
h = t1 + 2.5*wg1; % enthalpy (kJ/kg-dry-air) (displayed)
Enthalpy= h(n)
t0 = h; % temperature at zero humidity for enthalpy h
for i = 1:6
plot([t1(i),t0(i)],[wg1(i),0],'r-')
end

% % enthalpy axis and enthalpy lines (black)

for h = 10:10:110, % enthalpy (kJ/kg-dry-air)
t0 = h; % temperature at zero humidity
t1 = (h - 12.5)/3.5; % temperature on the enthalpy axis

w1 = t1 + 5; % specific humidity on the enthalpy axis

plot([t0,t1],[0,w1],'k-')
end
plot([0,25],[5,30],'k-') % the oblique enthalpy axis
axis([0,50,0,30]) % limit the range of the chart
title('90kPa Psychrometric Chart')
xlabel('Dry Bulb Temperature (deg C)')
ylabel('Specific Humidity (gm vap/kg dry air)')

٣٧
% %psychrometric chart for different values of pressure
unit= input('1-KPa 2-bar 3-atm=\n');
unit1= input('1-C 2-K=\n');
tpg = [0.01 0.61165
1 0.65709
2 0.70599
3 0.75808
4 0.81355
5 0.87258
6 0.93536
7 1.00210
8 1.07300
9 1.14830
10 1.22820
11 1.31300
12 1.40280
13 1.49810
14 1.59900
15 1.70580
16 1.81880
17 1.93840
18 2.06470
19 2.19830
20 2.33930
21 2.48820
22 2.64530
23 2.81110
24 2.98580
25 3.16990
26 3.36390
27 3.56810
28 3.78310
29 4.00920
30 4.24700
31 4.49690
32 4.75960
33 5.03540
34 5.32510
35 5.62900
36 5.94790
37 6.28230
38 6.63280
39 7.00020
40 7.38490
41 7.78780
42 8.20960
43 8.65080
44 9.11240
45 9.59500
46 10.09900
47 10.62700
48 11.17700
49 11.75200
50 12.35200
];

t = tpg(:,1); % temperature (C)

pg = tpg(:,2); % saturation vapor pressure (kPa)
patm1= input('atmospheric pressure=\n');% standard atmosphere (kPa)
if(unit==1)
patm= patm1;

٣٨
 else if(unit==2)
patm=patm1*100 ;
else if(unit==3)
patm=patm1*101.325;
end
end
end
rair = 0.287; % gas constant of air (kJ/kg.K)
wg = 622*pg./(patm-pg); % saturation specific humidity
plot(t,wg,'r-')
hold
grid
T= input('T=\n')
if(unit1==1)
T=T;
else if(unit1==2)
T= T-273;
end
end
for n= 1:50
if(T==t(n))
break
end
end
rh= input('relative humidity= \n')
for phi = 0.1:0.1:0.8% phi = relative humidity 10%- 80%
w = 622*phi*pg./(patm-phi*pg);
if(rh== phi)
SpecificHumidity = w(n)
end
plot(t,w)
end

% % specific volume and enthalpy/wet-bulb-temp

tpg1 = [5 0.87258
10 1.22820
15 1.70580
20 2.33930
25 3.16990
30 4.24700
35 5.62900];
t1 = tpg1(:,1); % saturation temperature (C)
pg1 = tpg1(:,2); % saturation pressure (kPa)
wg1 = 622*pg1./(patm-pg1); % saturation specific humidity
% % specific volume of dry air (cubic m/kg dry air) (green)
T1= input('T1=\n')
if(unit1==1)
T1=T1;
else if(unit==2)
T1= T1-273;
end
end
for n= 1:50
if(T1==t1(n))
break
end
end
vol = rair.*(t1+273)./(patm-pg1); % specific vol at saturation
SpecificVolume= vol(n)
tv0 = patm*vol/rair-273; % air temperature at zero humidity
for i = 1:7

٣٩
 plot([t1(i),tv0(i)],[wg1(i),0],'g-')
end
% % wet bulb temperature (also enthalpy) lines (red)
h = t1 + 2.5*wg1; % enthalpy (kJ/kg-dry-air) (displayed)
Enthalpy= h(n)
t0 = h; % temperature at zero humidity for enthalpy h
for i = 1:6
plot([t1(i),t0(i)],[wg1(i),0],'r-')
end

% % enthalpy axis and enthalpy lines (black)

for h = 10:10:110, % enthalpy (kJ/kg-dry-air)
t0 = h; % temperature at zero humidity
t1 = (h - 12.5)/3.5; % temperature on the enthalpy axis

w1 = t1 + 5; % specific humidity on the enthalpy axis

plot([t0,t1],[0,w1],'k-')
end
plot([0,25],[5,30],'k-') % the oblique enthalpy axis
axis([0,50,0,30]) % limit the range of the chart
title('100 kPa Psychrometric Chart')
xlabel('Dry Bulb Temperature (deg C)')
ylabel('Specific Humidity (gm vap/kg dry air)')

٤٠
% %psychrometric chart for different values of pressure
unit= input('1-KPa 2-bar 3-atm=\n');
unit1= input('1-C 2-K=\n');
tpg = [0.01 0.61165
1 0.65709
2 0.70599
3 0.75808
4 0.81355
5 0.87258
6 0.93536
7 1.00210
8 1.07300
9 1.14830
10 1.22820
11 1.31300
12 1.40280
13 1.49810
14 1.59900
15 1.70580
16 1.81880
17 1.93840
18 2.06470
19 2.19830
20 2.33930
21 2.48820
22 2.64530
23 2.81110
24 2.98580
25 3.16990
26 3.36390
27 3.56810
28 3.78310
29 4.00920
30 4.24700
31 4.49690
32 4.75960
33 5.03540
34 5.32510
35 5.62900
36 5.94790
37 6.28230
38 6.63280
39 7.00020
40 7.38490
41 7.78780
42 8.20960
43 8.65080
44 9.11240
45 9.59500
46 10.09900
47 10.62700
48 11.17700
49 11.75200
50 12.35200
];

t = tpg(:,1); % temperature (C)

pg = tpg(:,2); % saturation vapor pressure (kPa)
patm1= input('atmospheric pressure=\n');% standard atmosphere (kPa)
if(unit==1)
patm= patm1;

٤١
 else if(unit==2)
patm=patm1*100 ;
else if(unit==3)
patm=patm1*101.325;
end
end
end
rair = 0.287; % gas constant of air (kJ/kg.K)
wg = 622*pg./(patm-pg); % saturation specific humidity
plot(t,wg,'r-')
hold
grid
T= input('T=\n')
if(unit1==1)
T=T;
else if(unit1==2)
T= T-273;
end
end
for n= 1:50
if(T==t(n))
break
end
end
rh= input('relative humidity= \n')
for phi = 0.1:0.1:0.8% phi = relative humidity 10%- 80%
w = 622*phi*pg./(patm-phi*pg);
if(rh== phi)
SpecificHumidity = w(n)
end
plot(t,w)
end

% % specific volume and enthalpy/wet-bulb-temp

tpg1 = [5 0.87258
10 1.22820
15 1.70580
20 2.33930
25 3.16990
30 4.24700
35 5.62900];
t1 = tpg1(:,1); % saturation temperature (C)
pg1 = tpg1(:,2); % saturation pressure (kPa)
wg1 = 622*pg1./(patm-pg1); % saturation specific humidity
% % specific volume of dry air (cubic m/kg dry air) (green)
T1= input('T1=\n')
if(unit1==1)
T1=T1;
else if(unit==2)
T1= T1-273;
end
end
for n= 1:50
if(T1==t1(n))
break
end
end
vol = rair.*(t1+273)./(patm-pg1); % specific vol at saturation
SpecificVolume= vol(n)
tv0 = patm*vol/rair-273; % air temperature at zero humidity
for i = 1:7

٤٢
 plot([t1(i),tv0(i)],[wg1(i),0],'g-')
end
% % wet bulb temperature (also enthalpy) lines (red)
h = t1 + 2.5*wg1; % enthalpy (kJ/kg-dry-air) (displayed)
Enthalpy= h(n)
t0 = h; % temperature at zero humidity for enthalpy h
for i = 1:6
plot([t1(i),t0(i)],[wg1(i),0],'r-')
end

% % enthalpy axis and enthalpy lines (black)

for h = 10:10:110, % enthalpy (kJ/kg-dry-air)
t0 = h; % temperature at zero humidity
t1 = (h - 12.5)/3.5; % temperature on the enthalpy axis

w1 = t1 + 5; % specific humidity on the enthalpy axis

plot([t0,t1],[0,w1],'k-')
end
plot([0,25],[5,30],'k-') % the oblique enthalpy axis
axis([0,50,0,30]) % limit the range of the chart
title('Simplified Psychrometric Chart')
xlabel('Dry Bulb Temperature (deg C)')
ylabel('Specific Humidity (gm vap/kg dry air)')

٤٣
% %psychrometric chart for different values of pressure
unit= input('1-KPa 2-bar 3-atm=\n');
unit1= input('1-C 2-K=\n');
tpg = [0.01 0.61165
1 0.65709
2 0.70599
3 0.75808
4 0.81355
5 0.87258
6 0.93536
7 1.00210
8 1.07300
9 1.14830
10 1.22820
11 1.31300
12 1.40280
13 1.49810
14 1.59900
15 1.70580
16 1.81880
17 1.93840
18 2.06470
19 2.19830
20 2.33930
21 2.48820
22 2.64530
23 2.81110
24 2.98580
25 3.16990
26 3.36390
27 3.56810
28 3.78310
29 4.00920
30 4.24700
31 4.49690
32 4.75960
33 5.03540
34 5.32510
35 5.62900
36 5.94790
37 6.28230
38 6.63280
39 7.00020
40 7.38490
41 7.78780
42 8.20960
43 8.65080
44 9.11240
45 9.59500
46 10.09900
47 10.62700
48 11.17700
49 11.75200
50 12.35200
];

t = tpg(:,1); % temperature (C)

pg = tpg(:,2); % saturation vapor pressure (kPa)
patm1= input('atmospheric pressure=\n');% standard atmosphere (kPa)
if(unit==1)
patm= patm1;

٤٤
 else if(unit==2)
patm=patm1*100 ;
else if(unit==3)
patm=patm1*101.325;
end
end
end
rair = 0.287; % gas constant of air (kJ/kg.K)
wg = 622*pg./(patm-pg); % saturation specific humidity
plot(t,wg,'r-')
hold
grid
T= input('T=\n')
if(unit1==1)
T=T;
else if(unit1==2)
T= T-273;
end
end
for n= 1:50
if(T==t(n))
break
end
end
rh= input('relative humidity= \n')
for phi = 0.1:0.1:0.8% phi = relative humidity 10%- 80%
w = 622*phi*pg./(patm-phi*pg);
if(rh== phi)
SpecificHumidity = w(n)
end
plot(t,w)
end

% % specific volume and enthalpy/wet-bulb-temp

tpg1 = [5 0.87258
10 1.22820
15 1.70580
20 2.33930
25 3.16990
30 4.24700
35 5.62900];
t1 = tpg1(:,1); % saturation temperature (C)
pg1 = tpg1(:,2); % saturation pressure (kPa)
wg1 = 622*pg1./(patm-pg1); % saturation specific humidity
% % specific volume of dry air (cubic m/kg dry air) (green)
T1= input('T1=\n')
if(unit1==1)
T1=T1;
else if(unit==2)
T1= T1-273;
end
end
for n= 1:50
if(T1==t1(n))
break
end
end
vol = rair.*(t1+273)./(patm-pg1); % specific vol at saturation
SpecificVolume= vol(n)
tv0 = patm*vol/rair-273; % air temperature at zero humidity
for i = 1:7

٤٥
 plot([t1(i),tv0(i)],[wg1(i),0],'g-')
end
% % wet bulb temperature (also enthalpy) lines (red)
h = t1 + 2.5*wg1; % enthalpy (kJ/kg-dry-air) (displayed)
Enthalpy= h(n)
t0 = h; % temperature at zero humidity for enthalpy h
for i = 1:6
plot([t1(i),t0(i)],[wg1(i),0],'r-')
end

% % enthalpy axis and enthalpy lines (black)

for h = 10:10:110, % enthalpy (kJ/kg-dry-air)
t0 = h; % temperature at zero humidity
t1 = (h - 12.5)/3.5; % temperature on the enthalpy axis

w1 = t1 + 5; % specific humidity on the enthalpy axis

plot([t0,t1],[0,w1],'k-')
end
plot([0,25],[5,30],'k-') % the oblique enthalpy axis
axis([0,50,0,30]) % limit the range of the chart
title('120 kPaPsychrometric Chart')
xlabel('Dry Bulb Temperature (deg C)')
ylabel('Specific Humidity (gm vap/kg dry air)')

٤٦
 % %psychrometric chart for
different values of pressure
unit= input('1-KPa 2-bar 3-atm=\n');
unit1= input('1-C 2-K=\n');
tpg = [0.01 0.61165
1 0.65709
2 0.70599
3 0.75808
4 0.81355
5 0.87258
6 0.93536
7 1.00210
8 1.07300
9 1.14830
10 1.22820
11 1.31300
12 1.40280
13 1.49810
14 1.59900
15 1.70580
16 1.81880
17 1.93840
18 2.06470
19 2.19830
20 2.33930
21 2.48820
22 2.64530
23 2.81110
24 2.98580
25 3.16990
26 3.36390
27 3.56810
28 3.78310
29 4.00920
30 4.24700
31 4.49690
32 4.75960
33 5.03540
34 5.32510
35 5.62900
36 5.94790
37 6.28230
38 6.63280
39 7.00020
40 7.38490
41 7.78780
42 8.20960
43 8.65080
44 9.11240
45 9.59500
46 10.09900
47 10.62700
48 11.17700
49 11.75200
50 12.35200
];

t = tpg(:,1); % temperature (C)

pg = tpg(:,2); % saturation vapor pressure (kPa)
patm1= input('atmospheric pressure=\n');% standard atmosphere (kPa)
if(unit==1)

٤٧
patm= patm1;
else if(unit==2)
patm=patm1*100 ;
else if(unit==3)
patm=patm1*101.325;
end
end
end
rair = 0.287; % gas constant of air (kJ/kg.K)
wg = 622*pg./(patm-pg); % saturation specific humidity
plot(t,wg,'r-')
hold
grid
T= input('T=\n')
if(unit1==1)
T=T;
else if(unit1==2)
T= T-273;
end
end
for n= 1:50
if(T==t(n))
break
end
end
rh= input('relative humidity= \n')
for phi = 0.1:0.1:0.8% phi = relative humidity 10%- 80%
w = 622*phi*pg./(patm-phi*pg);
if(rh== phi)
SpecificHumidity = w(n)
end
plot(t,w)
end

% % specific volume and enthalpy/wet-bulb-temp

tpg1 = [5 0.87258
10 1.22820
15 1.70580
20 2.33930
25 3.16990
30 4.24700
35 5.62900];
t1 = tpg1(:,1); % saturation temperature (C)
pg1 = tpg1(:,2); % saturation pressure (kPa)
wg1 = 622*pg1./(patm-pg1); % saturation specific humidity
% % specific volume of dry air (cubic m/kg dry air) (green)
T1= input('T1=\n')
if(unit1==1)
T1=T1;
else if(unit==2)
T1= T1-273;
end
end
for n= 1:50
if(T1==t1(n))
break
end
end
vol = rair.*(t1+273)./(patm-pg1); % specific vol at saturation
SpecificVolume= vol(n)
tv0 = patm*vol/rair-273; % air temperature at zero humidity

٤٨
for i = 1:7
plot([t1(i),tv0(i)],[wg1(i),0],'g-')
end
% % wet bulb temperature (also enthalpy) lines (red)
h = t1 + 2.5*wg1; % enthalpy (kJ/kg-dry-air) (displayed)
Enthalpy= h(n)
t0 = h; % temperature at zero humidity for enthalpy h
for i = 1:6
plot([t1(i),t0(i)],[wg1(i),0],'r-')
end

% % enthalpy axis and enthalpy lines (black)

for h = 10:10:110, % enthalpy (kJ/kg-dry-air)
t0 = h; % temperature at zero humidity
t1 = (h - 12.5)/3.5; % temperature on the enthalpy axis

w1 = t1 + 5; % specific humidity on the enthalpy axis

plot([t0,t1],[0,w1],'k-')
end
plot([0,25],[5,30],'k-') % the oblique enthalpy axis
axis([0,50,0,30]) % limit the range of the chart
title('Simplified Psychrometric Chart')
xlabel('Dry Bulb Temperature (deg C)')
ylabel('Specific Humidity (gm vap/kg dry air)')

٤٩
4.1.1 Relation between relative humidity and pressure.

From drawing difrent pressure psychrometric chart the relation between the pressure
and relative humidity is as the following:

Relative humidity decreases when the pressure increases

4.1.2 Relation between specific humidity and pressure.

From drawing different pressure psychrometric chart the relation between the pressure
and specific humidity is as the following:

٥٠
 Specific
humidity decreases when the pressure increases

4.1.3 Relation between specific volume and pressure.

From drawing different pressure psychrometric chart the relation between the
pressure and specific volume is as the following:

Specific volume decreases when the pressure increases

4.1.4 Relation between dry bulb temperature and pressure.

٥١
From drawing different pressure psychrometric chart the relation between the
pressure and dry bulb temperature is the following.

Dry bulb temperature increases when the pressure increases

4.1.5 Relation between wet bulb temperature and pressure.

From drawing different pressure psychrometric chart the relation between the
pressure and wet bulb temperature is as the following:

٥٢
 Wet bulb temperature increases when the pressure increases

4.1.6 Relation between Enthalpy and pressure.

From drawing different pressure psychrometric chart the relation between the pressure
and enthalpy is as the following:

Enthalpy decreases when the pressure increases

٥٣
4.2 Comparison between atmospheric pressure and other pressures
using psychrometric chart:

In this section 101.325kPa, 90kPa and 104 kPapsychrometric chart were taken and
compare between the results.

When Twet = 25C◦ and Tdry = 10C◦:

Twet Tdry Enthalpy RH(ф) Sh(ω) Spe

C◦ C◦ Kj/kg Gm vol(v)
vapor/kg m3/kg
dry air

101.325kPa 25 10 29 0.10 2.3 0.843

psychrometric
chart

104 kPa 25 10 28 0.095 2 0.845

psychchrometric
chart

90 kPa 25 10 31 0.12 2.8 0.847

psychrometric
chart

Example:

Air at 15C◦ and 80% relative humidityis sensibly heated to 25C◦ . determine the final
relative humidity and the heat rate added for an air folw rate of 0.5kg/s using
101.3kpa,104kp and 90 kpa.

101.3 kpa :

Ф2= 43% h1= 37kj/kg h2= 47 kj/kg

Q1-2 = m•*(h2 – h1)

= 0.5(47-37)

٥٤
= 5Kw

104 kpa:

Ф2= 42% h1 = 36kj/kg h2 = 45kj/kg

Q1-2 = m•*(h2 – h1) = 0.5(45-36)

= 4.5kw

90 kpa:

Ф2= 45% h1 = 40kj/kg h2 = 51kj/kg

Q1-2 = m•*(h2 – h1) = 0.5(51-40)

= 5.5 kw

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