3/24/2021

Calculus 1
Lesson 5
Differentiation Formulas 2
-Trigonometric Functions
-Inverse Trigonometric Functions
-Logarithmic Functions
-Exponential Functions
-Variable raised to a variable
-Hyperbolic Functions
-Higher Order Derivatives
-Implicit Differentiation

Notation of derivatives

f x , , y,  f x , Dx  y , Dx y

dy d
dx dx

x f x  x   f x 
 f x 
dy
 lim  lim
dx x0 y x0 x

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From 4 Step Rule

d
sin x  cos x
dx
d
cos x   sin x
dx

Derive the following

1.
d
tan x 3.
d
sec x
dx dx
2. cot x  4. csc x 
d d
dx dx

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Derivative of Trigonometric Functions

If u  f x  is differentiable

1.
d
sin u   cos u du 4. d cot u    csc2 u du
dx dx dx dx
2. cos u    sin u 5. sec u   sec u tan u
d du d du
dx dx dx dx
3. tan u   sec2 u 6. csc u    csc u cot u
d du d du
dx dx dx dx

Trigonometric Identities
sin x cos x
tan x  ; cot x 
cos x sin x
1 1 1
Reciprocal sec x  ; csc x  ; cot x 
cos x sin x tan x
Pythagorean sin 2 x  cos2 x  1
1  cot 2 x  csc2 x
tan 2 x  1  sec2 x

Double Angle sin 2 x  2 sin x cos x

cos 2 x  cos2 x  sin 2 x
2 tan x
tan 2 x 
1  tan 2 x

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Trigonometric Identities
Sum and Difference of Angle
sin x  y   sin x cos y  cos x sin y
cos x  y   cos xcoxy  sin x sin y
tan x  tan y
tan  x  y  
1  tan x tan y
x 1  cos x
Half-Angle sin 
2 2
x 1  cos x
cos  
2 2
x 1  cos x
tan 
2 1  cos x

Example
1. v  3 cos 2u
2. w  2 csc1  3 x 

3. y  sin 3 x 2  5 
4. y  cos 1  2 x  x 2
5. y  sin  cos2 
6. y  cot 2 x  tan x 2
2 1
7. y  csc  sec
x 1 x

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Example
8. y  cos3 sin 3x 
sin x
9. y 
1  2 cos x
10. tan x  y   csc y  x   1,
dx
dy

Homework
1. y  cos4 t  sin 4 t

2. y  2 tan 2 2  1 
1/ 2

3. y  sin 4 2 x cos4 3 x
tan 2 x
4. y 
1  cot 2 x
 1  cos 
3

5. y   
 1  cos 

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric

Functions
If u  f x  is differentiable

1.
d
arcsin u   1 2 du
dx 1  u dx
 1 du
2. arccos u  
d
dx 1  u 2 dx
3.
d
arctan u   1 2 du
dx 1  u dx
4.
d
arc cot u    1 2 du
dx 1  u dx

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Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric

Functions
If u  f x  is differentiable

5.
d
arc sec u   12 du
dx u u  1 dx

6.
d
arc csc u    12 du
dx u u  1 dx

Example
1. y  2 arcsin 3x
1
2. y  arcsin 
 x
 2x 
3. y  arctan 2 
1 x 
 sin 2 x 
4. y  arc cot 
 cos 2 x 
5. arcsinxy   arccosx  y ;
dy
dx

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Logarithm
y  loga x  a y  x

Note
1. Negative numbers have no (real) logarithms
2. Number between 0 to 1 have negative logarithms
3. Numbers greater than 1 have positive logarithms
4. As x  0+, y - -∞
5. The log of 1 is 0
6. As x - ∞, y  ∞

Properties of Logarithms
1. logb MN  logb M  logb N
M
2. logb  logb M  logb N
N
3. logb M a  a logb M
4. logb b  1
5. logb b x  x
6. logb 1  0
7. b logb x  x

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Derivative of Logarithmic Functions

If u  f x  is differentiable

1.
d
loga u   loga e du  1 du
dx u dx ln a u dx
ln x
Note : loga x 
ln a

2.
d
ln u   1 du , u  0
dx u dx

Inverse Function
A function g is the inverse function of the function
f when
𝒇 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝒙 for each in the domain of g
and
g 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 for each in the domain of f.

The function g is denoted by f-1 (read “f inverse”).

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Derivative of an Inverse Function

Let f be a function that is differentiable on an
interval I. If f has an inverse function g, then g is
differentiable at any x for which 𝒇−𝟏 𝒈 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎.
Moreover,

g x   , f g x   0
1
f g x 

Exponential Functions
If u  f x  is differentiable

1.
dx
 
d u
a  a u ln a
du
dx
where a = any + integer

2.
dx
 
d u
e  eu
du
dx

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Example
1. y  log5 sin x  6. y  ln 6
5x

2. y  ln
x  
7. y  2e  2e
x x

x2
8. y  arcsine 
 
3x
3. y  ln log2 x
x ln e x
4. y  2
x log3 x 5
5. y  e 3x

Homework
1. y ln x  x ln y  4, y

  y
2. ln x 2  y 2  2 arctan , y
x
 x2  y
3. ln   , y
 3 x  1  x

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Variable raised to a variable

y   f x 
g x
is differentiable
Do not apply the following
1. General Power Formula
2. Derivative of au Formula
3. Derivative of eu Formula

Apply the following

1. Apply natural logarithm to the equation
2. Differentiate explicitly
3. Solve for y’

Example
1. y  x x

2. y  ln x 
 e x
2

3. y  sin 2 x 
cos x 3

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Homework
 e x
2

 x
1. y  1  
 2
1
sec
 1 x
2. y   tan 
 x
3. y  csc x 
arcsin cos x 

Hyperbolic Functions
• Special class of exponential functions
• This is a comparison of the area of semicircular
curve with the area under a semihyperbola

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Hyperbolic Functions

e x  e x e x  e x
sinh x  cosh x 
2 2

Derivatives of Hyperbolic Functions

d  e x  e x  e x  e x
d
sinh x     cosh x
dx dx  2  2

d  e x  e x  e x  e x
d
cosh x     sinh x
dx dx  2  2

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Derivatives of Hyperbolic Functions

d
sinh u   cosh u du
dx dx

d
cosh u   sinh u du
dx dx

Example

1. y  sinh 1  x 2 
2. y  cosh (sin x)
3. y  cosh3 x 5 
4. y  sinh 2 x cosh 4 x 

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Higher Order Derivatives

y  f x 

 y  f x 
dy
First derivative of y wrt x
dx
d  y d 2 y
Second derivative of y wrt x  2  y  f x 
dx dx
d  y d 3 y
Third derivative of y wrt x  3  y  f x 
dx dx
d  y d 4 y
Fourth derivative of y wrt x  4  y  f x 
dx dx

nth derivative of y wrt x

 
d y n1 d n y
 n  y n   f n  x 
dx dx

Example
Determine the following:

d4y
1. y  x  3x  2 x  8 x  1,
4 3 2

dx 4
 
2. y  1  x , y
3

3. y 
x  b x  a  , y
x  b 

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Seatwork
Determine the following:

d3y
1. y  4 x  3 ,
1/ 2

dx3
2. y  x2 x  1 , y
3

Implicit Differentiation
Implicit Function - is a function of the form
R(x1,..., xn) = 0
Example: f(x, y) = 0
g(x, y) = 0
u(x, y) = 0
Explicit Function -solving for y of an implicit
function Example: y = f(x)
y = g(x)
y = u(x)
where:
f, g, u = use to denote a function
(x, y) = notation used to designate an ordered pair
x = independent variable
y = dependent variable

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Implicit Differentiation
Simple power Rule
d 4
dx
 
x  4x 3

Chain Rule
d 4
dx
 
y  4 y3
dy
dx

Implicit Function f  x, y   c

f  x, y   0
d
Finding the first derivative of y wrt x
dx
Determine y’ (dy/dx)

Implicit Differentiation
GUIDELINES FOR IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

1. Differentiate both sides of the equation with

respect to x.
2. Collect all terms involving dy/dx on the left side
of the equation and move all other terms to the
right side of the equation.
3. Factor dy/dx out of the left side of the equation.
4. Solve for dy/dx.

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Example
Determine the following:

1. 2 x 3 y  3xy3  5, y
2. xy  ( x  y ) 2 , y
d2y
3. y  2 xy  3x  4  0,
2 2

dx 2
4. a x  h  b y  k  ab, Dx2 y

Homework
Determine the following:

x y
1.   3ab 2 , y
y x
2. x 3  y 3  1, Dx2 y
x  2y
3. x 3  , y
x  2y

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