WB93R-5 - Operation & Maintenance Manual PDF

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Operation & Maintenance

WEAM006000
Manual
WB93R-5
BACKHOE-LOADER
SERIAL NUMBER
WB93R-5 F50003 and up
ATTENTION
Unsafe use of this machine may cause serious injury
or death. Operators and maintenance personnel
must read this manual before operating or
maintaining this machine.
This manual should be kept inside the cab for
reference and periodically reviewed by all personnel
who will come into contact with the machine.
https://truckmanualshub.com/
FOREWORD
1.1 FOREWORD
q This manual has been produced by Komatsu Utility S.p.A. in order to supply their customers with all the neces-
sary information on the machine and the safety regulations related to it, together with the use and maintenance
instructions that enable the operator to exploit the capacity of the machine with optimal results and to keep the
machine efficient over time.
q The operation manual, together with the spare parts catalogue, is an integral part of the machine and must ac-
company it, even when it is resold, until its final disposal.
q The manual must be handled with the greatest care and always kept on board the machine, so that it can be
consulted at any moment; it must be placed in the appropriate compartment behind the seat, where also the
ownership documents and the logbook are usually kept (see "3.5.9 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION").
q This manual must be given to the persons who have to use the machine and carry out the routine maintenance
operations; they must read the contents carefully more than once, in such a way as to clearly understand what
are the correct operating conditions and the dangerous conditions that must be avoided.§
In case of loss or damage, request a new copy to Komatsu or your Komatsu Dealer.
q The illustrations contained in this manual may represent machine configurations available on request.
The machines are constantly upgraded in order to increase their efficiency and reliability; this manual sums up
all the information regarding the state of the art at the moment when the machine is launched on the market.
Contact your Komatsu Dealer for updated information.
q Punctual periodic annotations regarding the maintenance operations that have been carried out are important to
have a clear prospect of the situation and to know exactly what has been done and what has to be done after the
next maintenance interval. Therefore, it is advisable to consult both the hour meter and the maintenance plan
frequently.
q Komatsu Dealers have gathered a considerable amount of experience over years of work in close contact with
the users.
If more information is needed, do not hesitate to contact your Komatsu Dealer: he always knows how to get the
best performance from the machine, he can recommend the equipment that is most suitable for specific needs
and can provide the technical assistance necessary for any change that may be required to conform the ma-
chine to the safety standards and traffic rules.
Komatsu Dealers also provide assistance for the supply of original Komatsu spare parts, which alone guarantee
safety and interchangeability.
q The table included in this manual must be filled in with the machine data, which are the data that must always be
indicated to the Dealer when requiring assistance and ordering spare parts.
CAUTION
q The incorrect use of the machine and inappropriate maintenance operations may cause serious injury
and even death.
q Operators and maintenance personnel must carefully read this manual before using the machine or per-
forming maintenance operations.
q Some actions involved in the operation and maintenance of the machine may cause serious injury or
even death, if they are not performed in compliance with the instructions given herein.
q The procedures and precautions described in this manual are valid for application to the machine only
when it is used correctly.
If the machine is used for any purpose or in any way other than those described herein, the operator
shall be responsible for his own safety and for the safety of any other person involved.
1
INFORMATION ON SAFETY
1.2 INFORMATION ON SAFETY

Many accidents are caused by insufficient knowledge of and failure to comply with the safety regulations pre-
scribed for the maintenance operations that must be performed on the machine.
In order to avoid accidents, before starting work and before carrying out any maintenance operation, carefully read
and be sure to understand all the information and warnings contained in this manual and given on the plates ap-
plied onto the machine.
To allow the operator to use the machine in total safety, precautions and safety plates are described in this manual
and applied to the machine in order to supply information regarding situations that involve potential risks and the
measures that may be adopted to avoid such situations.
Terminology used in the signs
The following terms are used in the signs to inform the user that there is a situation of potential danger that may
cause injury or damage.
In this manual and in the plates applied to the machine the following terms are used to indicate potential dangers.
DANGER
q Indicates a situation of imminent danger that, if not avoided, may cause serious injury and even death.
The use of this term must be limited to situations of extreme danger.
WARNING
q Indicates a situation of potential danger that, if not avoided, may cause serious injury and even death.
CAUTION
q Indicates a situation of potential danger that, if not avoided, may cause moderate injury. This term can
also be used as a warning in case of dangerous procedures.
Other terms used in the signs

In addition to those indicated above, the following warning terms are used to recommend the precautions to be
taken to protect the machine or to supply useful information.
IMPORTANT
q This term is used to indicate precautions that must be taken in order to avoid actions that may reduce
the life of the machine.
NOTE
q This word is used to indicate a useful piece of information.
Komatsu cannot reasonably predict every circumstance that might involve a potential hazard during the operation
or maintenance of the machine; for this reason, the safety messages included in this manual and applied onto the
machine may not include all possible safety precautions.
If all the procedures and operations prescribed for this machine are kept to, you can be sure that the operator and
the persons in the vicinity will work in total safety, with no risk of damaging the machine. In case of doubt regarding
the safety measures necessary for some procedures, contact Komatsu or your local Dealer.
2
INFORMATION ON SAFETY
DANGER
q Before starting any maintenance operation, position the machine on firm and level ground, engage the
safety locks of the equipment and of the controls, stop the engine and apply the parking brake.
DANGER
q To make the information clearer, some illustrations in this manual represent the machine without safety
guards. Do not use the machine without guards and do not start the engine when the hood is open, un-
less this is expressly prescribed for certain maintenance operations.
WARNING
q It is strictly forbidden to modify the setting of the hydraulic system safety valves; Komatsu cannot be
held liable for any personal injury, or damage to property or the machine, if this has been tampered with
by modifying the standard setting of the hydraulic system.
WARNING
q Before carrying out any electric welding operation, disconnect the battery and the alternator. (See
"2.8.13 PRECAUTIONS CONCERNING THE BATTERY AND THE ALTERNATOR").
WARNING
q Install only authorized additional equipment (See "6.1 AUTHORIZED OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT").
WARNING
q The machine can travel on roads only if equipped with suitable lighting, signalling and safety devices
and if this type of use is authorized by the logbook.
Before travelling on roads, make sure that the equipment with which the machine is provided is homolo-
gated and that the safety locks are correctly engaged.
DANGER
q It is absolutely forbidden to manoeuvre the machine while standing on the ground.
Each operation must be carried out by the operator correctly seated in the driving position.
3
INTRODUCTION
1.3 INTRODUCTION
1.3.1 INTENDED USES

The Komatsu BACKHOE LOADERS described in this manual have been designed and constructed to be used
mainly with the following functions:
q LOADER
q EXCAVATOR
Through the installation of optional equipment, the machine can also be used for the following applications:
q HANDLING OF MATERIALS (4IN1 BUCKET - PALLET FORKS)
q SNOWPLOUGH (ANGLEDOZER BLADE - SNOWPLOUGH)
q DEMOLITION (HAND HAMMER - HAMMER ON THE BACKHOE)
q DITCH CLEANING AND DIGGING (SPECIAL BUCKETS)
1.3.2 IMPROPER OR UNAUTHORIZED USE
CAUTION
q This paragraph describes some improper or unauthorized uses of the machine; since it is impossible to
predict all possible improper uses, if the machine is going to be used for particular applications, contact
your Komatsu Dealer before carrying out the work.
IMPORTANT
q The instructions regarding the authorized optional equipment are given in the relevant operation and
maintenance manuals; if the equipment is supplied by Komatsu, these publications are enclosed to this
manual.
q The instructions regarding the assembly of the authorized equipment, the controls requiring special ar-
rangements on the machine and the hydraulic couplings necessary for the operation of the equipment
are grouped in the final section of this manual.
Komatsu BACKHOE LOADERS are constructed exclusively for the handling, excavation and treatment of inert
materials; therefore, the following uses are absolutely forbidden:
q USE OF THE MACHINE BY MINORS OR INEXPERIENCED PERSONS.
q USE OF THE MACHINE FOR LIFTING PERSONS OR OBJECTS.
q TRANSPORTATION OF PERSONS even if they are in the operator’s cab.
q TRANSPORTATION OF CONTAINERS with fluids, flammable fluids, loose material, without the appropriate
slinging equipment.
q TRANSPORTATION AND LIFTING (EVEN IF IN EXCEPTIONAL CASES) OF EQUIPMENT OR MATERIALS
THAT PROTRUDE FROM THE BUCKET OR ARE NOT SECURED TO THE BUCKET BY MEANS OF ROPES
OR CHAINS.
q USE OF THE BUCKET FOR DRIVING OR EXTRACTING PILES.
q USE OF THE MACHINE FOR TOWING DAMAGED VEHICLES ON ROADS.
q USE OF THE MACHINE FOR LIFTING DAMAGED VEHICLES.
4
INTRODUCTION
1.3.3 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

q Simple and easy operation.
q Servo-assisted steering with priority hydraulic system.
q 4-gear mechanical gearshift and transmission with hydraulic converter; reversal controlled by a lever positioned
under the steering wheel.
q Loader control through a single servo lever ensuring also combined movements that can be modulated propor-
tionally and continually.
q Backhoe controls through mechanical levers ensuring also combined movements that can be modulated propor-
tionally and continually. On request, the backhoe can be controlled by means of two servo levers.
q Complete series of instruments visible from the two operating positions (loader or backhoe).
q Separate accelerator controls for the two operating positions.
q Foot brake control.
q Easy maintenance with simplified intervals.
1.3.4 RUNNING-IN
Every machine is scrupulously adjusted and tested before delivery.
A new machine, however, must be used carefully for the first 100 hours, in order to ensure proper running-in of the
various components.
If the machine is subjected to an excessive work load at the beginning of its service life, its productivity and func-
tionality will be untimely reduced.
Every new machine must be used carefully, paying special attention to the following indications:
q After the start, let the engine idle for 5 minutes, in such a way as to warm it up gradually before actual operation.
q Avoid operating the machine with the limit loads allowed or at high speed.
q Avoid abrupt starts or accelerations, useless sudden decelerations and abrupt reversals.
q After the first 250 hours of use, carry out the following operations, in addition to those to be performed every 250
hours:
1 - Change the hydraulic transmission oil and filter.
2 - Change the differential unit oil (front and rear axle).
3 - Change the final reduction gear oil (front and rear axle).
4 - Change the hydraulic circuit oil filter.
SYNTHETIC BIODEGRADABLE OIL TYPE HEES
On machines in which the synthetic biodegradable oil type HEES is used, the following operations are to be per-
formed together with the standard maintenance operations.
q After the first 50 hours of operation, change the hydraulic circuit drain filter.
q After the first 500 hours of operation, change the hydraulic circuit oil.
IMPORTANT
q When changing the oil filters (cartridges), check their innner part to make sure that there are no depos-
its. If abundant deposits are observed, find out what may have caused their accumulation before starting
the machine.
q The number of operation hours is indicated by the hour meter.
5
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
1.4 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

The Komatsu backhoe loader and its main components are identified by serial numbers stamped on the identifica-
tion plates. The serial number and the identification numbers of the components are the only numbers that must
be indicated to the Dealer when requiring assistance and ordering spare parts.
1.4.1 MACHINE IDENTIFICATION

NUMBER (PIN)
The machine identification number "PIN" is stamped on the
right side of the frame front.
RKAB2670
1.4.2 MACHINE IDENTIFICATION PLATE

AND PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER (PIN)
(alternatively for some markets)
The Komatsu BACKHOE LOADERS described in this manual
are CE marked, in fact they are in full compliance with the EU
harmonised standards. The Product Identification Number
(PIN) is stamped on the lower part of the plate. The customer
must be able to indicate the PIN at any time, that is why it must
compulsorily be written in the following table. The plate with RKAB2680
the CE marking is applied inside the cab, on the left vertical

wall of the frame, at the height of the brake pedals.
MODELLO - MODEL
TYP - MODELE
MATRICOLA N˚ - SERIAL N˚
FABR. NR. - SERIE NR.
ANNO - YEAR
BAUJAHR - ANNEE
MASSA TOTALE - TOTAL WEIGHT kg
GESAMTGEWICHT - POIDS TOTAL
POTENZA MOTORE - ENGINE POWER kw
LEISTUNG - PUISSANCE MOTEUR
Product Identification Number
PIN
MANUFACTURED BY KOMATSU UTILITY EUROPE S.p.A.

37A-98-11820
36025 NOVENTA VICENTINA (VI) - ITALY 37A-98-11820
RKA14970
MODEL
SERIAL N˚
YEAR
TOTAL WEIGHT kg
ENGINE POWER kw

PIN
MANUFACTURED BY KOMATSU UTILITY EUROPE S.p.A.

36025 NOVENTA VICENTINA (VI) - ITALY
6
1.4.3 MACHINE IDENTIFICATION PLATE

AND PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER (PIN)
The Komatsu BACKHOE LOADERS described in this manual
are CE marked, in fact they are in full compliance with the EU
harmonised standards.
The Product Identification Number (PIN) is stamped on the
lower part of the plate. The customer must be able to indicate
the PIN at any time, that is why it must compulsorily be written
in the following table. The plate with the CE marking is applied RKAB2680
inside the cab, on the left vertical wall of the frame, at the
height of the brake pedals.
TIPO
TYPE - MODEL
NUMERO DI OMOLOGAZIONE
HOMOLOGATION NUMBER
MASSA TOTALE AMMISSIBILE DA A
kg kg
TOTAL MASS WEIGHT FROM TO
CARICO AMMISSIBILE ASSE ANT. DA A
kg kg
WEIGHT FRONT AXLE FROM TO
CARICO AMMISSIBILE ASSE POST. DA A
kg kg
WEIGHT REAR AXLE FROM TO
PIN
- Massa rimorchiabile: non atto
MATRICOLA
SERIAL NUMBER
POTENZA MOTORE kW ANNO
MANUFACTURED BY KOMATSU UTILITY EUROPE S.p.A. 36025 NOVENTA VIC. (VI) -ITALY 37A-98-11840
RKA16060
TYPE
HOMOLOGATION NUMBER
TOTAL MASS WEIGHT FROM kg TO kg
WEIGHT FRONT AXLE FROM kg TO kg
WEIGHT REAR AXLE FROM kg TO kg

PIN
- Towable weight: not suitable
SERIAL NUMBER
ENGINE POWER kW YEAR

MANUFACTURED BY KOMATSU UTILITY EUROPE S.p.A. 36025 NOVENTA VIC. (VI) -ITALY 37A-98-11840
7
1.4.4 ENGINE SERIAL NUMBER AND

EXHAUST GAS EMISSION PLATE
The identification plate (1) is fixed above the engine head and
indicates the engine model, total displacement and serial
1
number.
The identification plate (2) is fixed to the left side of the engine
block, bears the Manufacturer’s mark and contains the follow-
ing data:
1 - Engine type
2 - Engine family RKAB2690
3 - Serial number
4 - EC Type Approval
5 - EPA
The serial number (3) is also stamped on the right side of the
cylinder block, on the upper part of the oil cooling heat ex- 2
changer.
RKAB2700
RKAB2710
1.4.5 FRONT AXLE SERIAL NUMBER

The serial number of the front axle is stamped on the plate po-
sitioned on the right side of the axle body.
RKAB2720
8
1.4.6 REAR AXLE SERIAL NUMBER

The serial number of the rear axle is stamped on the plate po-
sitioned on the right side of the axle body.
RKAB2730
1.4.7 TRANSMISSION SERIAL NUMBER

The transmission serial number is stamped on the plate pos-
tioned on the right side of the transmission case.
RKAB2750
1.4.8 CAB SERIAL NUMBER

The cab serial number is stamped on the plate postioned on
the left side of the rear wall.
RKAB2740
9
1.4.9 SERIAL NUMBERS AND DEALER’S ADDRESS

Machine no. Mod.
Product identification number (PIN)
Engine no.
Front axle no.
Rear axle no.
Transmission no.
Cab no.
Dealer:
Address:
Tel.
Contact person:
NOTES:
10
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
1.1 FOREWORD.......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 INFORMATION ON SAFETY ................................................................................................................ 2
1.3 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.1 INTENDED USES .................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.2 IMPROPER OR UNAUTHORIZED USE .................................................................................. 4
1.3.3 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS...................................................................................................... 5
1.3.4 RUNNING-IN ............................................................................................................................ 5
1.4 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION ............................................................................................................... 6
1.4.1 MACHINE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (PIN) ......................................................................... 6
1.4.2 MACHINE IDENTIFICATION PLATE AND PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
(PIN) (alternatively for some markets) ..................................................................................... 6
1.4.3 MACHINE IDENTIFICATION PLATE AND PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (PIN) .... 7
1.4.4 ENGINE SERIAL NUMBER AND EXHAUST GAS EMISSION PLATE ................................... 8
1.4.5 FRONT AXLE SERIAL NUMBER............................................................................................. 8
1.4.6 REAR AXLE SERIAL NUMBER ............................................................................................... 9
1.4.7 TRANSMISSION SERIAL NUMBER ........................................................................................ 9
1.4.8 CAB SERIAL NUMBER ............................................................................................................ 9
1.4.9 SERIAL NUMBERS AND DEALER’S ADDRESS .................................................................... 10
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ 11
SAFETY AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION
2.1 SAFETY, NOISE AND VIBRATION PLATES....................................................................................... 20
2.1.1 POSITION OF THE SAFETY PLATES .................................................................................... 20
2.1.2 PICTOGRAMS AND RELEVANT MEANINGS......................................................................... 22
2.1.3 POSITION OF THE NOISE PLATES ON MACHINES WITH CAB .......................................... 28
2.1.4 VIBRATIONS TO WHICH THE OPERATOR IS SUBJECTED ................................................ 29
2.2 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS .................................................................................................................. 30
2.2.1 GENERAL SAFETY RULES .................................................................................................... 30
2.2.2 SAFETY DEVICES AND GUARDS .......................................................................................... 30
2.2.3 CLOTHING AND PERSONAL PROTECTION ITEMS ............................................................. 30
2.2.4 UNAUTHORIZED MODIFICATIONS ....................................................................................... 30
2.2.5 LEAVING THE OPERATOR’S SEAT ....................................................................................... 31
2.2.6 GETTING ON AND OFF THE MACHINE................................................................................. 32
2.2.7 CHECKING THE REAR-VIEW MIRRORS .............................................................................. 32
2.2.8 PREVENTING FIRES DUE TO FUEL AND OIL ..................................................................... 33
2.2.9 PREVENTING BURNS ............................................................................................................ 33
2.2.10 PREVENTING DAMAGE DUE TO ASBESTOS POWDER .................................................... 34
2.2.11 PREVENTING DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE WORK EQUIPMENT ........................................ 34
2.2.12 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND FIRST AID KIT ........................................................................ 35
2.2.13 PRECAUTIONS CONCERNING THE CAB STRUCTURE ...................................................... 35
2.2.14 PRECAUTIONS CONCERNING THE EQUIPMENT ............................................................... 35
2.3 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE ................................................. 36
2.3.1 SAFETY ON THE WORK SITE ............................................................................................... 36
2.3.2 FIRE PREVENTION ................................................................................................................ 36
2.3.3 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN FOR THE OPERATOR'S CAB ............................................. 36
2.3.4 ROOM VENTILATION ............................................................................................................. 37
2.3.5 CLEANING WINDOWS, MIRRORS AND LIGHTS - CHECKING THE WINDSHIELD
WIPER BLADES AND THE BULBS ......................................................................................... 37
11
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.4 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING WORK ................................................................................ 38

2.4.1 WHEN STARTING THE ENGINE............................................................................................. 38
2.4.2 RULES FOR TRAVELLING ON ROADS.................................................................................. 38
2.4.3 HAND SIGNALS ....................................................................................................................... 39
2.4.4 CHECKS FOR TRAVELLING IN REVERSE ............................................................................ 44
2.4.5 MOVING THE MACHINE ......................................................................................................... 44
2.4.6 WORKING ON SLOPES ......................................................................................................... 45
2.4.7 PREVENTING ELECTROCUTION .......................................................................................... 46
2.4.8 VISIBILITY ................................................................................................................................ 47
2.4.9 WORKING ON ICY OR SNOW-COVERED SURFACES......................................................... 47
2.4.10 PREVENTING DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE WORK EQUIPMENT ......................................... 47
2.4.11 WORKING ON LOOSE GROUND ........................................................................................... 47
2.4.12 PARKING THE MACHINE........................................................................................................ 48
2.5 TRANSPORTING THE MACHINE ON OTHER VEHICLES ................................................................. 49
2.5.1 LOADING AND UNLOADING THE MACHINE ........................................................................ 49
2.5.2 TRANSPORT............................................................................................................................ 49
2.6 BATTERY .............................................................................................................................................. 50
2.6.1 PREVENTING RISKS THAT MAY BE DUE TO THE BATTERY ............................................. 50
2.6.2 STARTING WITH BOOSTER CABLES ................................................................................... 50
2.7 PRECAUTIONS FOR EMERGENCY RECOVERY ............................................................................... 51
2.8 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING MAINTENANCE................................................................. 52
2.8.1 WARNING PLATES.................................................................................................................. 52
2.8.2 TOOLS ..................................................................................................................................... 52
2.8.3 PERSONNEL............................................................................................................................ 53
2.8.4 EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................................................... 53
2.8.5 WORKING UNDER THE MACHINE ........................................................................................ 53
2.8.6 KEEPING THE MACHINE CLEAN .......................................................................................... 54
2.8.7 USE OF THE ENGINE DURING MAINTENANCE ................................................................... 54
2.8.8 PERIODICAL CHANGE OF THE SAFETY RELATED PARTS................................................ 54
2.8.9 STOP THE ENGINE BEFORE CARRYING OUT ANY MAINTENANCE OPERATION
OR INSPECTION .................................................................................................................... 55
2.8.10 RULES TO BE FOLLOWED DURING FUEL OR OIL TOPPING UP ...................................... 56
2.8.11 CHECKING THE COOLANT LEVEL IN THE RADIATOR........................................................ 56
2.8.12 USING LAMPS ......................................................................................................................... 56
2.8.13 PRECAUTIONS CONCERNING THE BATTERY AND THE ALTERNATOR .......................... 57
2.8.14 PRECAUTIONS CONCERNING THE STARTER .................................................................... 57
2.8.15 HANDLING HIGH-PRESSURE PIPES..................................................................................... 58
2.8.16 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHEN WORKING ON HIGH- PRESSURE SYSTEMS ....... 58
2.8.17 PRECAUTIONS FOR MAINTENANCE WORK INVOLVING HIGH TEMPERATURES
AND PRESSURES ................................................................................................................... 58
2.8.18 HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATOR ................................................................................................ 59
2.8.19 COOLING FAN AND FAN BELT .............................................................................................. 59
2.8.20 WASTE MATERIALS................................................................................................................ 59
2.8.21 PRECAUTIONS CONCERNING TECHNOPOLYMERS AND ELASTOMERS ........................ 60
2.8.22 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHEN INFLATING THE TYRES ......................................... 60
2.8.23 PRECAUTIONS FOR THE INSTALLATION OF THE EXHAUST SYSTEM TAILPIPE............ 61
2.8.24 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHEN USING SYNTHETIC BIODEGRADABLE
OIL TYPE «HEES»................................................................................................................... 61
12
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DESCRIPTION AND USE OF THE MACHINE

3.1 SAFETY LOCKS ................................................................................................................................... 64
3.1.1 FRONT LOADER LOCKS ........................................................................................................ 64
3.1.2 BACKHOE LOCKS................................................................................................................... 66
3.2 GENERAL VIEWS................................................................................................................................. 68
3.2.1 FRONT GENERAL VIEW ......................................................................................................... 68
3.2.2 BACKHOE GENERAL VIEW.................................................................................................... 69
3.2.3 CAB INSIDE GENERAL VIEW................................................................................................. 70
3.2.3.1 CAB INSIDE GENERAL VIEW (mechanical backhoe controls).............................. 70
3.2.3.2 CAB INSIDE GENERAL VIEW (backhoe servo controls) ....................................... 71
3.3 INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROLS ....................................................................................................... 72
3.3.1 FRONT INSTRUMENTS .......................................................................................................... 72
3.3.2 SIDE INSTRUMENTS .............................................................................................................. 76
3.3.3 PUSH BUTTONS ON THE FRONT LOADER CONTROL LEVER .......................................... 84
3.3.4 PUSH BUTTON ON THE GEARSHIFT LEVER ....................................................................... 85
3.3.5 CAB SWITCHES AND ELECTRIC ACCESSORIES ................................................................ 86
3.3.6 MACHINE CONTROLS ............................................................................................................ 89
3.3.6.1 MACHINE CONTROLS (version with mechanically-controlled backhoe) .............. 89
3.3.6.2 MACHINE CONTROLS (version with servo-assisted backhoe) ............................. 91
3.3.6.3 ADJUSTING THE CONTROLS .............................................................................. 111
3.4 FUSES AND RELAYS........................................................................................................................... 114
3.4.1 CENTRAL UNIT FUSES – RELAYS AND ENGINE LINE ........................................................ 114
3.4.1.1 FUSES ................................................................................................................... 114
3.4.1.2 RELAYS .................................................................................................................. 116
3.4.2 VENTILATION, HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING FUSES AND RELAYS ........................ 117
3.4.2.1 FUSES ................................................................................................................... 117
3.4.2.2 RELAYS ................................................................................................................. 117
3.5 GUARDS, CAB AND DRIVER’S SEAT ................................................................................................ 118
3.5.1 ENGINE HOOD ........................................................................................................................ 118
3.5.2 CAB .......................................................................................................................................... 119
3.5.3 VENTILATION AND HEATING ................................................................................................ 122
3.5.4 AIR CONDITIONER (if installed) .............................................................................................. 123
3.5.5 SEAT ........................................................................................................................................ 125
3.5.5.1 SEAT (STANDARD) ............................................................................................... 125
3.5.5.2 SEAT (OPTIONAL) ................................................................................................ 126
3.5.6 SAFETY BELT.......................................................................................................................... 127
3.5.7 FIRE EXTINGUISHER ............................................................................................................ 127
3.5.8 FIRST AID KIT ......................................................................................................................... 127
3.5.9 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION ........................................................................................... 127
3.5.10 STORAGE COMPARTMENT .................................................................................................. 128
3.6 USE OF THE MACHINE........................................................................................................................ 129
3.6.1 CHECKS TO BE CARRIED OUT BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE ................................... 129
3.6.1.1 VISUAL CHECKS.................................................................................................... 129
3.6.1.2 OPERATIONAL CHECKS ...................................................................................... 130
3.6.2 STARTING THE ENGINE ........................................................................................................ 131
3.6.2.1 STARTING WITH WARM ENGINE OR IN TEMPERATE CLIMATES ................... 131
3.6.2.2 STARTING WITH COLD ENGINE OR IN COLD CLIMATES ................................ 132
3.6.3 WARMING THE ENGINE ......................................................................................................... 133
3.6.4 HEATING THE HYDRAULIC OIL ............................................................................................. 133
3.6.5 HOW TO MOVE THE MACHINE ............................................................................................. 134
3.6.5.1 DIFFERENTIAL LOCKING...................................................................................... 135
3.6.5.2 ENGAGING THE FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE ............................................................... 135
13
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.6.5.3 WORKING ON SLOPES ........................................................................................ 136

3.6.5.4 MAXIMUM IMMERSION DEPTH ............................................................................ 137
3.7 PARKING THE MACHINE .................................................................................................................... 138
3.7.1 PARKING ON LEVEL GROUND .............................................................................................. 138
3.7.2 PARKING ON SLOPES............................................................................................................ 139
3.8 STOPPING THE ENGINE ..................................................................................................................... 140
3.9 TRANSPORTING THE MACHINE ON OTHER VEHICLES ................................................................. 141
3.9.1 LOADING AND UNLOADING THE MACHINE......................................................................... 141
3.9.2 TRANSPORT............................................................................................................................ 142
3.10 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN THE COLD SEASON ................................................................... 143
3.10.1 FUEL AND LUBRICANTS ........................................................................................................ 143
3.10.2 COOLANT ................................................................................................................................ 143
3.10.3 BATTERY ................................................................................................................................. 144
3.10.4 OTHER PRECAUTIONS .......................................................................................................... 144
3.10.5 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN AT THE END OF WORK ...................................................... 144
3.11 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN AT THE END OF THE WINTER........................................................ 145
3.12 USING THE MACHINE AS A LOADER ................................................................................................ 146
3.12.1 BUCKET POSITION INDICATOR ............................................................................................ 146
3.12.2 ORGANIZING THE WORK AREA............................................................................................ 146
3.12.2.1 LOADING HEAPED AND LEVEL MATERIAL ........................................................ 147
3.12.2.2 LOADING OPERATIONS ON SLOPES .................................................................. 148
3.12.3 CHANGING THE STANDARD FRONT BUCKET ................................................................... 148
3.13 USING THE MACHINE AS AN EXCAVATOR ...................................................................................... 149
3.13.1 POSITIONING THE BUCKET ACCORDING TO THE WORK THAT MUST
BE CARRIED OUT .................................................................................................................. 149
3.13.2 POSITIONING THE MACHINE FOR DIGGING OPERATIONS............................................... 150
3.13.3 SLIDING THE BACKHOE UNIT SIDEWARDS ........................................................................ 151
3.13.4 DIGGING METHOD.................................................................................................................. 152
3.13.4.1 CHANGING THE BACKHOE BUCKET................................................................... 153
3.14 LONG PERIODS OF INACTIVITY ........................................................................................................ 154
3.14.1 PREPARING THE MACHINE FOR A LONG PERIOD OF INACTIVITY .................................. 154
3.14.2 PREPARING THE ENGINE FOR A LONG PERIOD OF INACTIVITY..................................... 156
3.14.3 MAINTENANCE DURING A PERIOD OF INACTIVITY ........................................................... 156
3.14.4 RESTARTING THE ENGINE.................................................................................................... 157
3.14.5 AFTER THE PERIOD OF INACTIVITY .................................................................................... 157
3.15 TROUBLESHOOTING .......................................................................................................................... 158
3.15.1 HOW TO REMOVE THE MACHINE......................................................................................... 158
3.15.2 AFTER THE FUEL HAS RUN OUT.......................................................................................... 158
3.15.3 IF THE BATTERY HAS RUN DOWN ....................................................................................... 159
3.15.3.1 STARTING WITH BOOSTER CABLES .................................................................. 160
3.15.4 OTHER TROUBLES................................................................................................................. 161
3.15.4.1 ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT........................................................................................... 161
3.15.4.2 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM ............................................................................................ 161
3.15.4.3 BRAKING SYSTEM ................................................................................................ 162
3.15.4.4 CONVERTER .......................................................................................................... 162
3.15.4.5 ENGINE................................................................................................................... 162
14
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MAINTENANCE
4.1 GUIDE TO MAINTENANCE .................................................................................................................. 166
4.2 MAINTENANCE NOTES ....................................................................................................................... 168
4.2.1 NOTES REGARDING THE ENGINE ....................................................................................... 168
4.2.1.1 ENGINE OIL............................................................................................................ 168
4.2.1.2 COOLANT ............................................................................................................... 168
4.2.1.3 FUEL ....................................................................................................................... 169
4.2.2 NOTES REGARDING THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM................................................................. 169
4.2.3 NOTES REGARDING THE ELECTRIC SYSTEM.................................................................... 170
4.2.4 NOTES REGARDING LUBRICATION ..................................................................................... 170
4.2.5 PARTS SUBJECT TO WEAR THAT PERIODICALLY NEED CHANGING.............................. 171
4.3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS ................................................................................................ 172
4.3.1 LUBRICATION WITH GREASE ............................................................................................... 173
4.3.2 HOMOLOGATED SYNTHETIC BIODEGRADABLE LUBRICANTS “HEES” ........................... 174
4.4 DRIVING TORQUES ............................................................................................................................. 175
4.4.1 STANDARD DRIVING TORQUES FOR SCREWS AND NUTS .............................................. 175
4.4.2 SPECIFIC DRIVING TORQUES FOR SCREWS AND NUTS ................................................. 176
4.4.3 STANDARD DRIVING TORQUES FOR HOSES WITH ORFS................................................ 176
4.5 LUBRICATION ...................................................................................................................................... 177
4.5.1 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM........................................................................................................ 177
4.5.2 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM (4in1 bucket and pallet forks) ........................................................ 178
4.5.3 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM (front bucket quick couplings) ........................................................ 179
4.5.4 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM (offset device) ................................................................................ 180
4.6 PERIODICAL CHANGE OF THE SAFETY RELATED COMPONENTS .............................................. 181
4.6.1 SAFETY RELATED PARTS ..................................................................................................... 182
4.6.1.1 FUEL SYSTEM ...................................................................................................... 182
4.6.1.2 DELIVERY HYDRAULIC SYSTEM ........................................................................ 183
4.6.1.3 FRONT LOADER HYDRAULIC SYSTEM............................................................... 184
4.6.1.4 BACKHOE HYDRALIC SYSTEM............................................................................ 185
4.6.1.5 OPERATOR’S SAFETY ......................................................................................... 186
4.7 MAINTENANCE PLAN.......................................................................................................................... 187
4.8 MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES .......................................................................................................... 189
4.8.1 WHEN REQUIRED................................................................................................................... 189
4.8.1.a CHECKING, CLEANING OR CHANGING THE ENGINE AIR FILTERS ................ 189
4.8.1.b CHECKING AND CLEANING THE CAB AIR FILTER ............................................ 190
4.8.1.c CHECKING AND CLEANING THE AIR RECIRCULATION FILTER
(only for machines with air conditioner)................................................................... 191
4.8.1.d CHECKING THE DETERGENT LEVEL IN THE WINDSHIELD WASHER
RESERVOIR ........................................................................................................... 191
4.8.1.e CHECKING THE WINDSHIELD WIPER BLADES.................................................. 192
4.8.1.f LUBRICATING THE CAB DOOR HINGES ............................................................. 192
4.8.1.g FUSES AND RELAYS – CHECK AND CHANGE ................................................... 192
4.8.1.h BLEEDING THE BRAKING CIRCUIT ..................................................................... 193
4.8.1.i CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE FRONT WHEEL TOE-IN .............................. 194
4.8.1.j CHECKING THE BRAKING EFFICIENCY.............................................................. 194
4.8.1.k CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE PARKING BRAKE......................................... 195
4.8.1.l CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE BRAKE PEDAL STROKE ............................. 196
4.8.1.m ADJUSTING THE AUTOMATIC RETURN-TO-DIG DEVICE OF THE
FRONT BUCKET (if installed) ................................................................................. 196
4.8.1.n CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE STABILIZER SLACK .................................... 197
4.8.2 MAINTENANCE INTERVALS IN CASE OF USE OF THE DEMOLITION HAMMER .............. 198
4.8.2.a CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC OIL FILTER........................................................... 198
15
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.8.2.b CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC OIL ........................................................................ 198

4.8.3 CHECKS TO BE CARRIED OUT BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE ................................... 199
4.8.3.a VARIOUS CHECKS ................................................................................................ 199
4.8.3.b CHECKING THE COOLANT LEVEL....................................................................... 199
4.8.3.c CHECKING THE FUEL LEVEL ............................................................................... 200
4.8.3.d CHECKING THE ENGINE OIL LEVEL ................................................................... 200
4.8.4 MAINTENANCE EVERY 10 HOURS OF OPERATION ........................................................... 201
4.8.4.a LUBRICATING THE JOINTS .................................................................................. 201
4.8.5 MAINTENANCE AFTER THE FIRST 50 HOURS OF OPERATION
(Only for machines in which synthetic biodegradable oil type HEES is used).......................... 203
4.8.6 MAINTENANCE EVERY 50 HOURS OF OPERATION ........................................................... 203
4.8.6.a CHECKING THE HYDRAULIC OIL LEVEL ............................................................ 203
4.8.6.b CHECKING THE FLUID LEVEL IN THE RADIATOR ............................................. 204
4.8.6.c CHECKING THE BRAKING SYSTEM OIL LEVEL ................................................. 204
4.8.6.d LUBRICATING THE PROPELLER SHAFTS .......................................................... 205
4.8.6.e LUBRICATING THE FRONT AXLE JOINTS AND CENTRAL COUPLING ............ 206
4.8.6.f CHECKING THE TYRE PRESSURE ..................................................................... 206
4.8.6.g DRAINING THE WATER SEPARATOR ................................................................. 207
4.8.7 MAINTENANCE AFTER THE FIRST 250 HOURS OF OPERATION ...................................... 208
4.8.8 MAINTENANCE EVERY 250 HOURS OF OPERATION ......................................................... 208
4.8.8.a CHECKING THE ALTERNATOR-FAN BELT.......................................................... 208
4.8.8.b CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE A/C COMPRESSOR BELT TENSION
(only for machines with air conditioner) ................................................................... 209
4.8.8.c CHECKING THE BATTERY ELECTROLYTE LEVEL ............................................ 210
4.8.8.d CHECKING THE FRONT AXLE OIL LEVELS ........................................................ 211
4.8.8.e CHECKING THE REAR AXLE OIL LEVEL ............................................................. 211
4.8.8.f CHECKING THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OIL LEVEL ............................... 212
4.8.8.g CHECKING THE WHEEL NUT DRIVING TORQUE............................................... 212
(Only for machines in which synthetic biodegradable oil type HEES is used).......................... 213
4.8.10 MAINTENANCE EVERY 500 HOURS OF OPERATION ......................................................... 213
4.8.10.a CHANGING THE ENGINE OIL ............................................................................... 213
4.8.10.b CHANGING THE ENGINE OIL FILTER .................................................................. 214
4.8.10.c CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM OIL FILTER ........................................... 214
4.8.10.d CHANGING THE FUEL FILTER ............................................................................. 217
4.8.10.e DRAINING THE FUEL TANK .................................................................................. 218
4.8.10.f DRAINING THE HYDRAULIC OIL TANK
(only for machines in which synthetic biodegradable oil type HEES is used) ......... 219
4.8.10.g CLEANING THE OUTSIDE OF THE RADIATOR .................................................. 220
4.8.10.h CLEANING THE OUTSIDE OF THE A/C CONDENSER
(only for machines with air conditioner) .................................................................. 221
4.8.11 MAINTENANCE EVERY 1000 HOURS OF OPERATION ....................................................... 222
4.8.11.a CHANGING THE FRONT AXLE OIL ...................................................................... 222
4.8.11.b CHANGING THE REAR AXLE OIL ......................................................................... 223
4.8.11.c CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OIL ............................................ 224
4.8.11.d CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OIL FILTER .............................. 225
4.8.12.a CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC OIL AND CLEANING THE INTAKE FILTER......... 226
4.8.12.b CHANGING THE COOLANT ................................................................................. 228
4.8.12.c CHANGING THE BRAKING SYSTEM OIL ............................................................. 229
4.8.12.d CHECKING THE ALTERNATOR AND THE STARTER ......................................... 230
4.8.12.e CHANGING THE ALTERNATOR BELT.................................................................. 230
4.8.12.f CHECKING THE A/C COOLING GAS QUANTITY
(only for machines with air conditioner) ................................................................... 230
16
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.8.13.a
CHECKING THE ENGINE RETAINING SCREWS AND DAMPING ELEMENTS .. 231
4.8.13.b
CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE ENGINE VALVE CLEARANCE AND
THE INJECTION TIMING ADVANCE ..................................................................... 231
4.8.14.a CHANGING THE A/C DEWATERING FILTER
(Only for machines with air conditioner) ................................................................. 232
4.8.14.b CHECKING THE OPERATING CONDITIONS OF THE A/C COMPRESSOR
(Only for machines with air conditioner) ................................................................. 232
4.8.14.c CHANGING THE ENGINE THERMOSTATIC VALVE ............................................ 232
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
5.1 TECHNICAL DATA ............................................................................................................................... 234
5.1.1 STANDARD OVERALL DIMENSIONS .................................................................................... 234
5.1.1.1 OVERALL DIMENSIONS WITH STANDARD ARM ................................................ 234
5.1.1.2 OVERALL DIMENSIONS WITH TELESCOPIC ARM ............................................. 234
5.1.2 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS .......................................................................................... 235
5.1.3 LIFTING CAPACITIES ............................................................................................................. 237
5.1.3.1 SYMBOL TABLE ..................................................................................................... 237
5.1.3.2 LIFTING CAPACITIES (STANDARD ARM) ............................................................ 238
5.1.3.3 LIFTING CAPACITIES (TELESCOPIC ARM) ......................................................... 239
AUTHORIZED OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
6.1 AUTHORIZED OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................. 242
6.1.1 PRECAUTIONS REGARDING SAFETY .................................................................................. 242
6.1.2 PRECAUTIONS REGARDING THE INSTALLATION OF EQUIPMENT.................................. 243
6.1.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT ........................................................ 244
6.2 FRONT EQUIPMENT QUICK COUPLING DEVICES .......................................................................... 245
6.2.1 MANUAL QUICK COUPLING .................................................................................................. 245
6.2.2 HYDRAULIC QUICK COUPLING FOR STANDARD BUCKET ............................................... 246
6.2.3 HYDRAULIC QUICK COUPLING FOR 4in1 BUCKET AND OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
WITH UNIDIRECTIONAL OIL FLOW ...................................................................................... 246
6.3 4in1 BUCKET........................................................................................................................................ 247
6.3.1 DESCRIPTION AND CONTROLS .......................................................................................... 247
6.3.2 SAFETY DEVICES .................................................................................................................. 247
6.3.3 INSTALLING THE 4in1 BUCKET ............................................................................................ 248
6.3.4 USING THE 4in1 BUCKET ...................................................................................................... 249
6.3.5 MAINTENANCE ....................................................................................................................... 249
6.4 PALLET FORKS ................................................................................................................................... 250
6.4.1 DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................... 250
6.4.2 SAFETY DEVICES .................................................................................................................. 251
6.4.3 USING THE FORKS ................................................................................................................ 251
6.4.3.1 PREPARING THE PALLET FORKS FOR USE ..................................................... 252
6.4.3.2 OVERTURNING THE FORKS FOR TRAVEL ON ROADS ................................... 252
6.4.4 REMOVING THE FORKS ........................................................................................................ 253
6.4.5 INSTALLING THE FORKS ....................................................................................................... 253
6.4.6 MAINTENANCE ....................................................................................................................... 253
6.5 BACKHOE TELESCOPIC ARM............................................................................................................ 254
6.5.1 DESCRIPTION AND CONTROL .............................................................................................. 254
6.5.1.1 CONTROL (version with mechanically-controlled backhoe) .................................. 254
6.5.1.2 CONTROL (version with servo-assisted backhoe).................................................. 254
6.5.2 SAFETY DEVICES................................................................................................................... 255
6.5.3 USING THE TELESCOPIC ARM ............................................................................................. 255
6.5.4 MAINTENANCE ....................................................................................................................... 256
6.5.4.1 ADJUSTING THE GUIDE SLACK........................................................................... 256
17
TABLE OF CONTENTS
6.6 CONFIGURATION FOR THE INSTALLATION OF THE DEMOLITION HAMMER ............................. 258
6.6.1.1 CONTROL (version with mechanically-controlled backhoe) ................................... 258
6.6.2 USE OF THE DEMOLITION HAMMER AND RULES TO BE OBSERVED ............................. 259
6.6.3 INSTALLING AND REMOVING THE DEMOLITION HAMMER ............................................... 263
6.6.3.1 INSTALLING THE HAMMER .................................................................................. 263
6.6.3.2 REMOVING THE HAMMER.................................................................................... 265
6.6.4 USING THE HAMMER ............................................................................................................. 265
6.6.5 MAINTENANCE........................................................................................................................ 265
6.7 APPLICATION OF THE OFFSET DEVICE ........................................................................................... 266
6.7.1 DESCRIPTION AND CONTROL ............................................................................................. 266
6.7.2 MAINTENANCE........................................................................................................................ 267
6.8 CONFIGURATION FOR THE USE OF OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT WITH
UNIDIRECTIONAL OIL FLOW.............................................................................................................. 268
6.8.1 DESCRIPTION AND CONTROL ............................................................................................. 268
6.8.2 INSTALLING AND CONNECTING THE EQUIPMENT ........................................................... 269
6.8.3 MAINTENANCE........................................................................................................................ 269
6.9 CONFIGURATION FOR THE USE OF THE CLAMSHELL BUCKET .................................................. 270
6.9.2 INSTALLING THE CLAMSHELL BUCKET............................................................................... 272
6.9.3 USING THE CLAMSHELL BUCKET ........................................................................................ 273
6.9.4 MAINTENANCE........................................................................................................................ 273
6.10 CONFIGURATION FOR THE USE OF THE HAND HYDRAULIC HAMMER....................................... 274
6.10.2 INSTALLING AND REMOVING THE HAND HAMMER .......................................................... 275
6.10.2.1 CONNECTING THE HAND HAMMER .................................................................... 275
6.10.2.2 REMOVING THE CONNECTIONS ........................................................................ 276
6.10.3 USING THE HAMMER ............................................................................................................. 276
6.10.4 MAINTENANCE........................................................................................................................ 276
6.11 LOAD STABILIZER SYSTEM (LSS) (Optional) .................................................................................. 277
6.11.1 LOAD STABILIZER SYSTEM (LSS) ACCUMULATOR ........................................................... 277
6.12 REAR EQUIPMENT MECHANICAL QUICK COUPLING DEVICE ...................................................... 278
6.12.1 EQUIPMENT COUPLING AND RELEASE PROCEDURE ...................................................... 279
6.12.2 MAINTENANCE........................................................................................................................ 280
18
SAFETY AND
ACCIDENT PREVENTION
19
SAFETY, NOISE AND VIBRATION PLATES
2.1 SAFETY, NOISE AND VIBRATION PLATES
2.1.1 POSITION OF THE SAFETY PLATES

q The safety plates must always be legible and in good conditions; for this reason, if they are dirty with dust, oil or
grease, it is necessary to clean them with a solution made of water and detergent. Do not use fuel, petrol or sol-
vents.
q If the plates are damaged, ask for new ones to Komatsu or to your Komatsu Dealer.
q In case of replacement of a component provided with a safety plate, make sure that this plate is applied also on
the new piece.
q The machine can be provided with other plates in addition to those indicated below; in any case, keep also to the
instructions given in the additional plates.
DURANTE I TRASFERIMENTI
SU STRADA I PEDALI FRENO
DEVONO ESSERE COLLEGATI
CON APPOSITO SPINOTTO
GB
E
PRIMA DI PARTIRE PER IL P
TRASFERIMENTO SU
STRADA BLOCCARE LA LEVA
COMANDO PALA!
380
1380
42N-93-11
42N-93-1
395-93-1
395-93-11330
1330
42N-93-11130
NON INSERIRE LA DOPPIA TRAZIONE

I IN TRASFERIMENTO STRADALE
DO NOT ENGAGE 4 WHEEL DRIVE

GB DURING ROAD TRAVELLING
W˜HREND DER STRASSENFAHRT NICHT

D DIE 4 RADANTRIEB EINSCHALTEN
NE PAS ENGAGER LES 4x4 POUR LE

F DEPLACEMENT ROUTIER
DESCONECTAR 4x4 ANTES DE CIRCULAR

E EN CARRETERA
NˆO ENGRENE A TRASMISSˆO AS 4

P RODAS CONDUZINDO EM ESTRADA
42N-93-11120
42N-93-11110
PRIMA DI PARTIRE PER IL

TRASFERIMENTO SU
COMANDO PALA!
+ SPEED CONTROL BUCKET CLOSE
L KICK-DOWN BUCKET OPEN

DIFFERENTIAL
LOCK DECLUTCH
42N-93-11220
42N-93-11220
kg
00
L 10
SW
380
1380
42N-93-11
42N-93-1
42N-93-11360
42N-93-11360
RKA13480
20
SW
L1
00
0 kg
RKA13490
42N-93-11320
42N-93-11310
RKAB4740
21
2.1.2 PICTOGRAMS AND RELEVANT MEANINGS

The warning and danger signs applied onto the machine are accompanied by or illustrated through pictograms.
The personnel in charge with handling and maintenance operations must know the symbols contained in the picto-
grams perfectly; the symbols and the relevant meanings are explained in the following list.
WORK AREA
q Do not approach or stand in the equipment operating radius
when the boom and the bucket are lifted.
42N-93-11380
RKA14690
DO NOT OPEN THE ENGINE HOOD

q Do not open or remove the hood when the engine is running.
42N-93-11370
RKA14700
HYDRAULIC OIL TOPPING UP

q (Only for machines in which synthetic biodegradable oil type
HEES is used)
BIO-OIL
42N-93-11370
RKA14710
OVERTURNING THE FORKS

q When overturning the forks for use or storage, be very care-
ful, since hands and feet may be seriously injured or even
cut off.
RKA14720
22
CONSULT THE MANUAL

q Carefully read the contents of the manual before using the
machine or performing maintenance operations.
42N-93-11130
RKA14730
RISK OF CRUSHING
q Do not touch or stand near moving parts, since your hands
may be crushed or cut off.
42N-93-11220
RKA14740
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHEN HAN-

DLING THE GAS SHOCK ABSORBERS
q Do not remove the shock absorber.
q Do not bring the shock absorber near sparks or naked 395-93-11330
flames. RKA14750
q Do not make holes in the shock absorber, do not weld or use

oxyhydrogen flames.
q Do not hit the shock absorber.
DO NOT START THE ENGINE WITH INCORRECT

PROCEDURES
q Start the engine and operate the machine only while seated
with fastened safety belt.
q Do not attempt to start the engine by causing a short-circuit
with the terminals of the starter.
This may cause serious injury and even death.
42N-93-11350
RKA14760
23
LOCK THE LOADER CONTROL

q When it is necessary to travel on roads, lock the loader con-
trol lever before starting.
PRIMA DI PARTIRE PER IL
TRASFERIMENTO SU
COMANDO PALA!
42N-93-12460
RKA14770
CONNECT THE BRAKE PEDALS

q When the machine travels on roads, the brake pedals must
be connected with the apposite pin.
42N-93-11110
RKA14780
DO NOT ENGAGE THE 4WD

q When the machine travels on roads, do not engage the
4WD.
I
GB
P
42N-93-11120
RKA14790
HYDRAULIC OIL TOPPING UP
37A-98-12210
RKA14800
HYDRAULIC OIL LEVEL
37A-98-12290
RKA14810
24
HYDRAULIC OIL FILTER
37A-98-12310
RKA14820
REFUELLING
D
37A-98-12240
RKA14830
FUEL FILTER
D
37A-98-12250
RKA14840
ENGINE LUBRICATING OIL FILTER
37A-98-12230
RKA14850
ENGINE AIR SUCTION FILTER
37A-98-12260
RKA14860
ENGINE COOLANT
37A-98-12340
RKA14870
25
COOLANT PRESSURE
37A-98-12270
RKA14880
TRANSMISSION OIL LEVEL
395-93-11440
RKA14590
TRANSMISSION OIL FILTER
395-93-11420
RKA14580
POWER OUTLET
12 V
42N-93-11270
RKA14890
BOOM LOCK
42N-93-11320
RKA14900
SWING LOCK
42N-93-11310
RKA14910
26
ANCHORAGE POINT
42N-93-11360
RKA14920
EMERGENCY EXIT
42N-93-11260
RKA14930
BRAKE OIL
KE OI
RA
L
B
B
IL
RA
KE O
RKA14940
DO NOT LIFT MORE THAN 1000 kg
SWL 1000 Kg
RKA14950
27
2.1.3 POSITION OF THE NOISE PLATES ON MACHINES WITH CAB

q The noise plates must always be legible and in good conditions; for this reason, if they are dirty with dust, oil or
grease, it is necessary to clean them with a solution made of water and detergent.
Do not use fuel, petrol or solvents.
q If the plates are damaged, ask for new ones to Komatsu or to your Komatsu Dealer.
q In case of replacement of a component provided with a noise plate, make sure that this plate is applied also on
the new piece.
ISO 6396
2000/14/EC
RKAB4750
NOISE OUTSIDE THE CAB

q This value indicates the noise level outside the machine and
refers to the noise perceived by persons in the vicinity of the
work area.
2000/14/EC
RWA37720
NOISE INSIDE THE CAB

q This value indicates the maximum noise level perceived by
the operator’s ears inside the cab when this is completely
closed.
ISO 6396
RWA37730
28
2.1.4 VIBRATIONS TO WHICH THE OPERATOR IS SUBJECTED

q According to the results of the tests carried out to determine the vibrations transmitted to the operator by the ma-
chine, the upper limbs are subjected to vibrations lower than 2.5 m/sq.sec., while the seated part of the body is
subjected to vibrations lower than 0.5 m/sq.sec.
29
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
2.2 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
2.2.1 GENERAL SAFETY RULES

q Only trained and authorized personnel can use the machine and perform maintenance operations.
q Follow all the safety rules, precautions and instructions when using the machine or performing maintenance op-
erations.
q When working with other operators or when the work site is often occupied by other operators, make sure that
everyone knows and understands all the signs described above and, in any case, that everyone works in such a
way as to be able to see the machine and to be visible to the operator.
2.2.2 SAFETY DEVICES AND GUARDS

q Make sure that all the guards and covers are in the correct position. Have guards and covers changed or re-
paired if damaged. Do not use the machine without guards, nor remove the guards when the engine is running.
q Always use the proper safety devices to lock the machine when parking and remember to fasten the safety belt.
q For the safety devices, see "3.1 SAFETY LOCKS".
q For the safety belt, see "3.5.6 SAFETY BELT".
q Do not remove the safety devices and always keep them in good operating conditions.
q Any improper use of the safety devices may result in serious injury or even death.
2.2.3 CLOTHING AND PERSONAL PRO-

TECTION ITEMS
q Do not wear large or loose clothes, rings and watches and
do not approach the machine with loose long hair, since they
can get entagled in the moving parts of the machine and
cause serious personal injury or damage. Also avoid wear-
ing clothes that are dirty with oil or fuel, since they catch fire
very easily.
q Wear a hard hat, goggles, safety shoes, mask, gloves and
headphones when operating the machine or performing
maintenance operations.
q Always wear safety goggles, a hard hat and heavy gloves if
your job involves scattering metal chips or minute materials;
these precautions are particularly useful when driving the
equipment connection pins with a hammer and when blow-
ing compressed air into the air filter and the radiator to clean
them. During these operations, make also sure that no one
is standing or working near the machine without the neces-
sary protection.
q When working for 8 hours with a noise level exceeding 90
dBA, it is necessary to use headphones or ear plugs and be RWA00960
particularly careful, especially towards the end of the work
shift.
2.2.4 UNAUTHORIZED MODIFICATIONS

q Any modification made to the machine without the authorization of Komatsu can involve hazards.
q Before making a modification, consult your Komatsu Dealer. Komatsu declines any responsibility for injury or
damage caused by unauthorized modifications.
30
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
2.2.5 LEAVING THE OPERATOR’S SEAT

q When leaving the operator’s seat, even if for a short time,
make sure that the machine is in a safe position. (See
"2.4.12 PARKING THE MACHINE").
q Before leaving the operator’s seat, carry out the following
operations in the sequence indicated below:
1 - Lower the equipment to the ground.
2 - Press the servo control locking button (LED on).
NOTE
q On machines equipped with backhoe servo controls, all
RKAB2760
movements are inhibited when the button is in locking posi-

tion (LED on).
3 - Engage the safety lock of the mechanical controls.

4 - Apply the parking brake.
5 - Shift the reversing gear lever to the neutral position.
6 - Stop the engine.
If you have to go so far away that you will not be able to see
the machine, extract the ignition key.
RKAB2780
RKAB2800
RWA02000 RKAB4820
31
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
2.2.6 GETTING ON AND OFF THE

MACHINE
q Do not jump on or off the machine, both when it is at rest and
when it is moving.
q Always use the handles and the safety ladders to get on or
off the machine, and be very careful.
q Do not hold or rest on the steering wheel or the gearshift le-
ver.
q Both when getting on and when getting off the machine, al-
RKAB2820
ways maintain three points of contact (holding or resting
points), in order to avoid losing your balance and falling
down.
q Tighten the handle and ladder connection screws if they are
loose and clean the handles and steps if they are dirty with
oil or grease. Carefully clean the cab floor if it is dirty with oil,
grease, mud or rubble.
RWA18670
2.2.7 CHECKING THE REAR-VIEW MIR-

RORS
q Make sure that the rear-view mirrors are clean and correctly
positioned; they must allow the operator to see the rear of
the machine with no need to move the chest with respect to
the normal work position.
q If the rear-view mirrors should move or break during work,
stop the machine immediately and fasten or change them.
q Working without checking the area behind the machine is
dangerous, since the machine may hit persons who are in- RWA00340
cautiously standing in the work area, fixed obstacles or ma-

noeuvring vehicles.
32
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
2.2.8 PREVENTING FIRES DUE TO FUEL

AND OIL
Fuel, oil and some types of antifreeze can be easily ignited if
they get in contact with a flame. Fuel is flammable and there-
fore very dangerous.
q Keep any naked flame away from flammable fluids.
q Stop the engine and do not smoke when refuelling.
q Top up with fuel and oil only after stopping the engine and in
well ventilated areas.
RWA00970
q Top up with fuel and oil in a well delimited area and do not al-
low unauthorized persons to approach.
q When refuelling, hold the fuel gun firmly and keep it con-
stantly in contact with the filler until you have finished, in or-
der to avoid sparks due to static electricity.
q After topping up, tighten the fuel and oil safety caps securely.
q Do not fill the tank completely, in order to leave room for the
fuel to expand.
q If some fuel is inadvertently spilled, wipe it up immediately.
RWA00980
2.2.9 PREVENTING BURNS

q If the engine coolant, the engine oil and the hydraulic oil are
hot, use heavy cloths and wear gloves, heavy clothing and
safety goggles before carrying out any check or touching the
hot parts.
q Before checking the coolant level, stop the engine and let
the fluid cool down.
If a check is necessary due to the overheating of the engine,
loosen the radiator cap slowly, to release any residual pres-
sure before removing it. The hot fluid that spurts out may
RWA00990
cause serious burns.
q Before checking the engine oil and hydraulic circuit oil level,
stop the engine and let the oil cool down. The hot oil that
may be sprayed out of the tank may cause serious burns.
33
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
2.2.10 PREVENTING DAMAGE DUE TO

ASBESTOS POWDER
q Asbestos powder can be hazardous to your health if it is in-
haled.
q If you handle materials containing asbestos fibers, keep to
the instructions given below:
1 - Do not use compressed air, but only exhaust fans to
clean the machine, and make sure that the room in which
you are working is properly ventilated.
2 - Use low-pressure water to abate dust when cleaning. RWA01000
3 - If there is danger that there may be asbestos powder in

the air, operate the machine with the wind to your back
whenever possible.
4 - Even if the cab provides suitable protection, use an ap-
proved and homologated respirator.
5 - The powder gathered during the cleaning operations must
be wet and put in a sealed and marked container, so that
it can be safely disposed of according to the regulations in
force.
RWA01010
2.2.11 PREVENTING DAMAGE CAUSED

BY THE WORK EQUIPMENT
q Do not stand within the operating radius of the work equip-
ment, even when the operator is on board the machine and
the engine is running.
q Do not stand or work under the arms or the articulations
when the arms are lifted, if you are not sure that the safety
locks have been duly engaged.
q Do not carry out any operation requiring the arms to be lifted,
if you are not sure that the locks are correctly positioned and RWA01020
connected to the arms.
34
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
2.2.12 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AND FIRST

AID KIT
q Make sure that fire extinguishers have been provided and
check their position.
q Periodically make sure that the fire extinguishers are loaded
and that you know how to use them.
q Find out where the first aid kit has been located.
q Periodically make sure that the first aid kit contains the nec-
essary disinfectants, bandages, medicines, etc.
RWA01030
q It is necessary to know what to do in case of fire.

q Make sure that you have the phone numbers of the persons
or structures you may need to contact in case of an emer-
gency at hand (both at the worksite and where maintenance
operations are performed).
2.2.13 PRECAUTIONS CONCERNING THE CAB STRUCTURE

q If the cab is inadvertently hit or the machine overturns during work, the cab may be damaged with consequent
reduction of its stiffness and of the safety that must be guaranteed to the operator (ROPS/FOPS).
Contact Komatsu or your Komatsu Dealer to have the cab structure and resistance checked in case of impact or
damage.
2.2.14 PRECAUTIONS CONCERNING THE EQUIPMENT

q When installing and using optional equipment, carefully read the relevant instruction manual and keep to the in-
dications given therein.
q Do not use optional or special equipment without the authorization of Komatsu or a Komatsu Dealer.
Installing and using any equipment not authorized by Komatsu may create safety problems and may have nega-
tive consequences on both the efficiency and life of the machine.
q Komatsu cannot be held liable for any injury, accident, product failure resulting from the installation and use of
unauthorized equipment.
35
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE
2.3 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN BEFORE STARTING THE

ENGINE
2.3.1 SAFETY ON THE WORK SITE

q Before starting the engine, thoroughly check the area for any
unusual condition of the ground due to which work may be
dangerous.
q Check the conditions of the ground at the work site and be-
fore starting the engine define the work plan and the best
and safest operating procedure.
q Level the ground surface as much as possible before carry-
ing out any operation.
q In case of work on the road, protect pedestrians and cars by
designating a person for work site traffic duty and install
fences around the work site.
q If water lines, gas lines, and telephone or high-voltage elec-
trical lines are located under the work site, contact the rele-
vant utility company in order to find out their exact position or
to disconnect them until the end of the operations. Be careful
not to sever or damage any of these lines. RWA00220
q Check the water depth and the force and flow direction of the
current before operating in water or on river banks.
2.3.2 FIRE PREVENTION

q Completely remove all wood chips, rubbish, paper and other
flammable materials that may have accumulated inside the
engine compartment, since they can cause fires.
q Check the fuel and hydraulic system pipes for leaks and if
necessary repair them. Wipe up any excess oil, fuel or other
flammable fluids.
q Make sure that fire extinguishers are available in the work
area.
RWA01040
2.3.3 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN FOR THE OPERATOR'S CAB

q Do not leave objects or tools lying around in the operator's cab. They may prevent the use of the brakes and
cause serious accidents.
q Keep the cab floor and the controls (steering wheel and levers) clean, by removing any trace of oil and grease
and, as far as the floor is concerned, remove any excess dirt (earth, stones, etc.).
q Check the safety belt and change it if it is broken or damaged. Replace any component only with homologated
parts available at Komatsu or its Dealers.
q Make always sure that the lock of the right door, which is considered the emergency door, is open.
36
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE
2.3.4 ROOM VENTILATION

q Before starting the machine in confined or poorly ventilated
places, provide for proper ventilation or connect the engine
exhaust pipe to a suction duct. The engine exhaust gases
can be deadly.
RWA01050
2.3.5 CLEANING WINDOWS, MIRRORS AND LIGHTS - CHECKING THE

WINDSHIELD WIPER BLADES AND THE BULBS
q Remove any trace of dirt from the cab windows and the lights and clean the rear-view mirrors; this will ensure
good visibility on the work area.
q Adjust the rear-view mirrors if they have moved, so that the operator seated in the driving position can clearly
see the area behind the machine.
If any window, light or mirror is damaged, change it.
q Make sure that the road lights, stop lights, direction indicators and work lights are properly working. If necessary,
change the faulty bulbs with new ones, making sure that their power is correct.
q Check the conditions of the windshield wiper blades; the scraping wire must be smooth, with no indentations and
attached to the rubber back of the blade.
In case of doubt on the efficiency of the scraping wire, change the blades.
37
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING WORK
2.4 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING WORK
2.4.1 WHEN STARTING THE ENGINE

q Before getting on the machine, walk around it and check for people and objects that might be in the way.
q Do not start the engine if warning plates have been attached to the steering wheel or the control levers.
q When starting the engine, sound the horn as an alert signal.
q Start the engine and operate the machine only while seated with fastened safety belt.
q Do not allow anyone to get on the machine or enter the cab.
2.4.2 RULES FOR TRAVELLING ON ROADS

q The machine is equipped with multifunction safety locks that must be used both for maintenance operations and
road travel.
q When it is necessary to travel on roads, proceed as follows:
1 - Position the safety lock of the front loader so that the bucket is lifted from the ground, thus ensuring better vis-
ibility and the stability of the machine.
2 - Install the front bucket swing lock and secure it with the safety pins.
3 - Install the teeth protection casing on the front bucket.
4 - Lift the backhoe boom until engaging the safety coupling.
The arm and bucket must in any case be completely folded.
5 - The backhoe must be rotated and resting against the machine structure.
This is the only position homologated for road travel in Italy.
6 - For travelling with folded backhoe, the unit must be moved on its guide in such a way as to be positioned to-
wards the road centre, against the lock and with the bucket facing the road side.
7 - Fasten the backhoe with the swing lock pin.
8 - Connect the safety chains to prevent the accidental lowering of the stabilizers.
9 - Engage the safety locks of the loader and backhoe control levers.
For further information on their position, see "3.1 SAFETY LOCKS".
q When it is necessary to travel on roads, the four-wheel drive must be disengaged and the brake pedals must be
connected with the appropriate pin.
q When travelling on roads, keep to the rule of the road and operate the flashing light positioned on top of the cab.
q When travelling on roads, keep the work lights off.
IMPORTANT
q In any case, keep to the traffic rules in force.
38
2.4.3 HAND SIGNALS
WARNING
q When it is necessary to position loads, make excavations or move the machine with a reduced field of vi-
sion, the operator must be helped by another person (signalman) who should stand on the ground and
give signals to indicate the manoeuvres to be carried out according to the specific instructions provided
for by the relevant regulations.
q No movement or operation may be carried out if the signals have not been clearly understood by the op-
erator and the signalman.
q When additional instructions different from those defined by the hand signalling system are necessary,
these must be agreed upon by the two operators before starting the job.
q Only one person must be entrusted with giving signals.
q The operator must make sure that the signalman is always within his field of vision and follow all his sig-
nals.
The use of hand signals serves to direct the lifting, handling and positioning of the loads lifted by the work equip-
ment. Hand signals can also be used during digging operations or when the machine travels, if the field of vision of
the operator is reduced. The direction of movement of the hands and arms in relation to the machine must define
the signal, independently of the position of the signalman. Hand signals must be given following the indications be-
low.
1 - LIFT THE LOAD VERTICALLY

One forearm in vertical position and forefinger pointing
upwards: turn the hand making small circles.
RKA15140
2 - LOWER THE LOAD VERTICALLY

One arm down and forefinger pointing downwards: turn
the hand making small circles.
RKA15150
39
3 - MOVE THE LOAD AWAY IN HORIZONTAL DIRECTION

One arm outstretched and hand in vertical position with
the palm facing towards the load to be moved away: move
the hand in the direction of the movement to be carried
out.
RKA15160
4 - BRING THE LOAD NEARER IN HORIZONTAL DIREC-

TION
One arm outstretched and hand in vertical position with
the palm facing towards yourself: move the hand in the di-
rection of the movement to be carried out.
RKA15170
5 - LIFT THE BOOM

One arm laterally outstretched in horizontal position and
clenched fingers: point the thumb upwards.
RKA15180
6 - LOWER THE BOOM

One arm laterally outstretched in horizontal position and
clenched fingers: point the thumb downwards.
RKA15190
7 - SWING THE BOOM

One arm laterally outstretched in horizontal position: point
the forefinger towards the desired swing direction.
RKA15200
8 - SWING THE BOOM

One arm laterally outstretched in horizontal position: point
the forefinger towards the desired swing direction.
RKA15210
40
9 - FOLD THE ARM

With both fists clenched, point the thumbs inwards.
RKA15220
10 - EXTEND THE ARM

With both fists clenched, point the thumbs outwards.
RKA15230
11 - FOLD THE BUCKET

Keep one hand still and closed. Rotate the other hand
vertically with the forefinger pointing towards the closed
hand.
RKA15240
12 - OPEN THE BUCKET

Keep one hand still and open. Rotate the other hand verti-
cally with the forefinger pointing towards the open hand.
RKA15250
13 - TRAVEL WHILE STEERING

Lift the forearm corresponding to the inner steering side
with clenched fist. Rotate the other fist vertically indicating
the wheel’s turning direction.
RKA15260
14 - TRAVEL WHILE STEERING

Lift the forearm corresponding to the inner steering side
with clenched fist. Rotate the other fist vertically indicating
the wheel’s turning direction.
RKA15270
41
15 - TRAVEL STRAIGHT AHEAD

Rotate the fists vertically indicating the turning direction of
the wheels.
RKA15280
16 - TRAVEL STRAIGHT AHEAD

Rotate the fists vertically indicating the turning direction of
the wheels.
RKA15290
17 - DISTANCE TO BE COVERED
Hands raised and palms facing inwards: move the hands
laterally indicating the distance to be covered.
RKA15300
18 - CARRY OUT THE MOVEMENTS SLOWLY

One hand still in front of the hand that indicates the move-
ment to be carried out. (The figure represents the “lift
slowly” signal).
RKA15310
19 - STOP
One arm outstretched laterally, hand open and palm fac-
ing downwards: move the arm forwards and backwards.
RKA15320
20 - EMERGENCY STOP
Both arms outstretched laterally in horizontal position,
hands open and palms facing downwards: move both
arms forwards and backwards.
RKA15330
42
21 - STOP THE ENGINE

Pass thumb or forefinger across the throat.
RKA15340
22 - RETRACT THE TELESCOPIC ARM

One forearm lifted forwards and clenched fingers: point
the thumb in the direction of the movement to be carried
out.
RKA15350
23 - EXTEND THE TELESCOPIC ARM

One forearm lifted forwards and clenched fingers: point
the thumb in the direction of the movement to be carried
out.
RKA15360
43
2.4.4 CHECKS FOR TRAVELLING IN

REVERSE
q When operating in areas that may be hazardous or where
visibility is poor, designate a person to direct the movements
of the machine and traffic on the work site.
q Before moving the machine, sound the horn to warn the per-
sons standing or working in the area.
q There are blind spots behind the machine, which cannot be
seen through the rear-view mirrors and where someone may
be standing. RWA00340
Therefore, it is necessary to make sure that there is no one

behind the machine before travelling in reverse.
On request the machine can be equipped with an acoustic
alarm (1) for travelling in reverse; before starting to travel in
reverse, make sure that the acoustic alarm is functioning 1
perfectly.
See "3.3.6 pos. 1 - REVERSING GEAR LEVER".
RKAB5830
2.4.5 MOVING THE MACHINE

q When moving the machine, position the front bucket at about
30–40 cm from the ground; this position makes it possible to
evaluate the space required for the movements more pre-
30-40 cm
cisely and at the same time ensures the stability of the ma-
chine.
q If the front bucket control lever is to be used during travel,
avoid moving it abruptly; sudden manoeuvres change the at-
titude of the machine and make driving difficult.
q When travelling on rough ground, keep the speed low and RKA13510
avoid sudden movements of the bucket arm.
q If the machine has to overrun an obstacle, keep the front
equipment as close to the ground as possible and travel at
low speed, in order not to overload the axles and tyres.
44
2.4.6 WORKING ON SLOPES

q Operations on slopes and on river or lake banks with damp
ground may result in the tipping over or slipping of the ma-
chine. 20-30 cm
q Do not work with the bucket downward with respect to the
tractor.
q On hills, banks or slopes, keep the bucket very close to the
ground (20–30 cm from the ground) and in case of emergen-
cy quickly lower it to the ground to help the machine stop.
Do not change direction and avoid travelling obliquely when
RKA13520
working on slopes. It is advisable to go down or up to a flat
place to perform these operations.
q Do not travel on wet grass or thick layers of leaves: if the WRONG
machine moves obliquely in these conditions, it may slip.
q Before working on a slope, always check the efficiency of
the brakes, engage a low gear and the four-wheel drive.
q Do not travel down slopes in neutral; you may lose control of
the machine and cause serious injuries and even death.
q Avoid disengaging the gearshift with the push button posi-
tioned on the loader control lever.
q When travelling down a slope, engage a low gear, so that
RKA13540
the braking action of the engine is used to hold the machine,
with no need to overload the brakes. Avoid disengaging the
gearshift with the push button positioned on the gearshift CORRECT
control lever.
q When the fuel level indicator reaches the red reserve area
during work on a slope, immediately provide for refuelling;
due to the inclination of the machine, the engine may suck in
air and suddenly stop, which represents a grave risk for the
safety of the operator and of the persons standing before the
machine.
q If the engine should stop all of a sudden, immediately lower
the bucket to the ground, brake and apply the parking brake.
RKA13650
45
2.4.7 PREVENTING ELECTROCUTION

q Digging operations near overhead electric lines are extreme-
ly dangerous and they may also cause death due to electro-
cution; for this reason, when working near overhead
electrical lines, always respect the minimum safety distanc-
es prescribed by the competent authorities and by the acci-
dent-prevention rules in force.
q As far as underground long-distance lines are concerned,
the minimum distance depends on the covering of the ducts
in which the cables are laid.
RWA04900
q The basic safety precautions to be taken to prevent this risk
are the following:
1 - Wear shoes with thick rubber or leather soles.
2 - Request the aid of another person who can warn you if
the machine gets too close to the electric line.
3 - Operate at low speed.
4 - Get acquainted with the behaviour rules to be followed in
case of electrocution.
5 - Keep the phone number of the electric energy company
and of the nearest hospital at hand.
q If the work equipment gets accidentally entangled in the ca-
bles, the operator must not leave the cab until the electricity
company has insulated the line.
q When carrying out this kind of operations, warn everyone
standing in the work area to maintain a safety distance from
the machine and the work equipment.
q Ask the electricity company in advance what are the voltage
of the cables and the minimum safety distance.
DANGER
q The minimum distances from overhead lines can vary in
the different countries, according to the climate and to
the humidity percentage in the air.
Indicatively, the distances indicated in the table should
be respected.
Cable voltage Min. safety distance
1.0 kV (distribution line) 5m
6.6 kV (2–3 insulators) 5.2 m
33 kV (min. 3 insulators) 5.5 m
66 kV (min. 6 insulators) 6m
154 kV (min. 10 insulators) 8m
275 kV (min. 19 insulators) 10 m
46
2.4.8 VISIBILITY
q Switch on the headlights or the work lights as soon as visibility decreases.
q If visibility decreases due to mist, smoke or heavy rain, stop the machine in a safe position and wait for the
weather to improve until visibility becomes acceptable.
2.4.9 WORKING ON ICY OR SNOW-COVERED SURFACES

q If the ground is icy or covered with snow, the response of the machine to the movements of the steering wheel
may not be precise.
To reduce the risks connected with poor manoeuvrability, proceed as follows:
1 - Engage the four-wheel drive.
2 - Travel using the accelerator smoothly and gradually.
3 - Brake smoothly and only after having slowed down by using the engine deceleration as much as possible.
4 - Absolutely avoid any sudden braking, abrupt acceleration and sudden steering with short steering radius.
q If the machine is used to clear snow or as snowplough on roads (installing the specific optional equipment and
even chains, if necessary), be careful to the road shoulders and to any object/obstacle buried in the snow (way-
side posts, milestones, signs just above the asphalt, etc.).
2.4.10 PREVENTING DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE WORK EQUIPMENT

q When working in tunnels, galleries, under electric cables or other ducts (air, telephone lines) and wherever the
height is limited, proceed with the greatest care to prevent the bucket or arms and the backhoe bucket from
causing any damage.
2.4.11 WORKING ON LOOSE GROUND

q Avoid operating the machine too close to the edge of cliffs, overhangs and deep ditches.
These areas may collapse, making the machine fall down or tip over and this could result in serious injury or
even death.
Remember that after heavy rain or earthquakes these dangerous conditions usually get worse.
q The earth laid near ditches is loose and can easily collapse due to the weight or vibrations of the machine.
Be extremely careful: always close the cab doors and fasten the safety belt.
47
2.4.12 PARKING THE MACHINE

q Park the machine on firm and level ground. If this is not pos-
sible and it is necessary to park on a slope, position the ma-
chine with the front bucket directed downwards and carry out
the following operations:
1 - While keeping the machine stopped with the brakes, ap-
ply the parking brake.
2 - Dump the front bucket to the unloading position and lower
the arms until the teeth are driven into the ground.
3 - Carry out the same operations with the backhoe bucket.
RKA13750
5 - Position wedges or safety blocks under the front and rear
wheels.
q Always rest the work equipment on the ground; if it is neces-
sary to park with lifted arms, make sure that the safety locks
are engaged.
q Always engage the control lever safety locks.
NOTE
q The servo control locking button inhibits also the movements
of the backhoe when this is equipped with servo controls.
q When leaving the machine, apply the parking brake, make
RKA13760
sure that the cab windows are closed, remove the ignition
key and finally lock the doors.
q If it is necessary to park on public roads, provide for signal-
ling the presence of the machine according to the local regu-
lations in force (signalling fires, fences, road works ahead,
alternated direction and direction signs, etc.).
RKAB2760
RKAB2800 RKAB2780
48
TRANSPORTING THE MACHINE ON OTHER VEHICLES
2.5 TRANSPORTING THE MACHINE ON OTHER VEHICLES
2.5.1 LOADING AND UNLOADING THE

MACHINE
q Loading and unloading the machine on-off a motor vehicle Ramps
always involves potential hazards. Proceed with extreme
care.
q The loading and unloading of the machine on-off the means
of transport must be carried out on a flat surface and at a
safety distance from the edges of ditches or from the road
Blocks
side.
Max.15˚ Blocks
q If the vehicles used have not been appositely equipped, put RWA00240
support blocks under the ramps, in order to avoid any bend-

ing.
q Always lock the wheels of the transporting vehicle with
wedges.
q Always use ramps that are sufficiently wide and can support
the weight of the machine. The longitudinal axes of the
ramps must be parallel to each other and perpendicular to
the loading side board and their distance must be suitable
for the tread of the machine.
q Make sure that the ramps are securely positioned and fas-
tened to the loading board and that they have the same
length.
q Position the ramps with a maximum inclination of 15°.
q Make sure that the ramp surface is clean and there is no
trace of grease, oil, soil and ice; remove dirt from the wheels
before starting to load the machine on the vehicle.
q The machine must be loaded on the vehicle with the bucket
directed forwards, that is, in the direction of advancement of
the vehicle.
q Do not correct the trajectory of the machine on the ramps. If
necessary, get down the ramps and start the operation
again.
q After loading the machine, block its wheels with wedges and
secure it with tie-downs or chains that prevent even any
sideward shift (see "3.9 TRANSPORTING THE MACHINE
ON OTHER VEHICLES").
2.5.2 TRANSPORT
CAUTION
q During transport, the machine must be secured to the vehicle, with closed doors and windows.
q Define the route to be followed, taking in consideration the width, height and weight of the transport means and
of the machine.
Make sure that the dimensions of the machine are compatible with the road and any galleries, subways, bridges,
electric and telephone lines, etc.
q Keep to the regulations in force regarding the permissible width, height, weight of the machine and the transport
speed.
49
BATTERY
2.6 BATTERY
2.6.1 PREVENTING RISKS THAT MAY
BE DUE TO THE BATTERY
q Electrolytic batteries contain sulphuric acid, which can cause
burns. It can also corrode clothing and make holes in it. In
case of contact with battery acid, immediately wash the in-
volved part with plenty of water.
q Battery acid may cause blindness if it comes in contact with
the eyes.
If acid accidentally gets into your eyes, wash them immedi-
ately with plenty of water and consult a doctor without delay. RWA01060
q If you accidentally swallow battery acid, drink a large quanti-

ty of water or milk, beaten egg white or vegetable oil and in
WRONG
any case anti-acid substances like magnesia, bicarbonate,
etc., call a doctor or a poison treatment centre immediately.
q Always wear safety goggles when working on batteries.
q Batteries produce hydrogen, which is highly explosive and
can be easily ignited with small sparks or naked flames.
q Before working with batteries, stop the engine and remove
the ignition key.
q Avoid short-circuiting the battery terminals through acciden-
tal contact with metal objects or tools or through the inver- RWA01080
sion of the terminals.

q Tighten the battery terminals securely. Loose terminals may
generate sparks and even cause the explosion of the bat-
tery.
2.6.2 STARTING WITH BOOSTER

CABLES
RWA01180
q When starting the machine with booster cables, always wear
safety goggles.
q When starting the engine by means of another machine,
avoid any contact between the two machines.
q Be sure to connect the positive cable (+) first and then the
negative or earth cable (-) when connecting the booster ca-
bles. After the start, disconnect first the negative or earth (–)
cable and then the positive cable (+).
q Connect the batteries in parallel: positive to positive and
negative to negative.
q When connecting the earth cable to the frame of the ma-
chine to be started, operate as far as possible from the bat- RWA01190
tery (see "3.15.3 IF THE BATTERY HAS RUN DOWN").
with the terminals of the starter (see "2.8.14 PRECAUTIONS
CONCERNING THE STARTER").
50
PRECAUTIONS FOR EMERGENCY RECOVERY
2.7 PRECAUTIONS FOR EMERGENCY RECOVERY

q The draw hooks must be used only for the first aid and not
for towing the machine.
q Before moving the machine, make sure that the gearshift le-
ver is in neutral and disengage the four-wheel drive.
q Incorrect manoeuvres may cause serious damage, injury
and even death.
q To move the machine, use properly dimensioned steel ca-
bles; do not use worn cables or cables with broken strands
(A), twisted cables (B), deformed cables (C).
F
q During the removal, no one should be allowed to get near
RKAB2830
the machines or the cable.
q Do not get astride the cable.
q Move the machine only as far as necessary to allow the re-
quired repairs to be carried out.
q Do not remove the machine in any way other than that indi-
cated in paragraph "3.15.1 HOW TO REMOVE THE MA-
CHINE".
CAUTION
q The maximum applicable force for each draw hook is F = F
4854 kg.
RKAB2840
q Use cables of the same length and pull continuously,
without jerking movements.
q The drawing force must be parallel to the machine axis
(advancement direction), in such a way as to avoid the
application of sideward forces on the draw hooks.
RWA05380
51
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING MAINTENANCE
2.8 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING MAINTENANCE
2.8.1 WARNING PLATES

q Before starting any maintenance operation, position the ma-
chine on firm and level ground, engage the safety locks of
the equipment and of the controls, stop the engine and apply
the parking brake.
q If anyone starts the engine and operates the control levers
while the operator is servicing the machine, this may result
in serious injury or even death.
q To avoid these risks, always attach warning plates to the
steering wheel, to the control levers and to the ignition key RKAB4910
before performing any maintenance operation; if necessary,

attach additional warning tags also around the machine and
in particular on the cab door handles.
DO NOT
START
ENGINE
RWA01210
2.8.2 TOOLS
q Use only the tools supplied together with the machine and
high-quality tools suitable for the tasks to be performed.
q Do not use worn, damaged, low-quality tools or tools that are
not suitable for the tasks to be performed, in order to avoid
any personal injury.
q After use clean the tools carefully and store them in the com-
partment situated in the right access platform.
RWA01310
RKAB2770
52
2.8.3 PERSONNEL
q Any maintenance operation must be carried out exclusively by authorized and duly trained personnel; specific
and personal protection measures must be adopted when grinding, welding and when using sledges or heavy
hammers.
q When assembling the equipment or cylinder connection pins, use wooden, plastic or in any case not excessively
hard tools to check the centering of the holes.
Do not use your fingers, since you run the risk of cutting them off.
2.8.4 EQUIPMENT
q The normal or special equipment that must be installed on
the machine or that have been removed must be stored in a
safe place and positioned in such a way as to prevent them
from falling down.
If they fall on someone, they may cause serious bodily harm.
q When assembling or removing any equipment, make sure
that the ropes and the lifting hook are in good conditions and
properly dimensioned for the load to be lifted.
RWA01320
2.8.5 WORKING UNDER THE MACHINE

q Before performing service or repairs under the machine, al-
ways lower the work equipment to the ground or in any case
lower it as much as possible.
q Always lock the tyres of the machine securely.
q Avoid working under the machine if it isn’t properly support-
ed.
RWA02520
53
2.8.6 KEEPING THE MACHINE CLEAN

q Spilled oil or grease, scattered tools or broken pieces are
dangerous, because they may cause someone to slip or trip.
Always keep the machine and the worksite clean and tidy.
q To clean the machine, use a pressurized jet of warm water or
steam and the specific detergents available on the market.
Do not use diesel oil, oil or solvents, since the former leave
an oily coat that favours the sticking of dust, while the latter
(even if weak) damage the painted surfaces and therefore
facilitate rusting.
RWA01330
q While cleaning the machine, keep the pressurized jet at a
minimum distance of approx. 60 cm, in order to avoid dam-
aging the warning plates and the pictograms.
If the plates are damaged, request Komatsu or your Komat-
su Dealer to send you spare plates and change them.
q Water into the electric system provokes the oxidation of the
contacts and may hinder the start of the machine or even
make it start suddenly and abruptly. For this reason, avoid
using water or steam jets to clean sensors, connectors or
the inside of the operator's cab.
2.8.7 USE OF THE ENGINE DURING MAINTENANCE

q During maintenance operations, run the engine only when indispensable. If the engine must be running (for ex-
ample, when checking the functionality of the alternator), it is advisable that someone remains seated in the driv-
ing position, so that the engine can be stopped whenever necessary.
q During maintenance operations with running engine, neither move the control locking devices from the “lock” po-
sition, nor change the position of the gearshift lever.
Service personnel must not move any control lever.
q When carrying out maintenance operations, do not touch the moving parts of the machine and avoid wearing
large and loose clothes.
2.8.8 PERIODICAL CHANGE OF THE SAFETY RELATED PARTS

q Periodically change the following components, which are important for safety and fire prevention:
Fuel system: fuel delivery and return pipes.
Hydraulic system: main delivery pipes of the hydraulic pump.
Hydraulic system: work circuit pipes from the distributor to the hydraulic cylinders.
Safety belt.
q Even if they seem to be in good conditions, these components must be periodically changed with new ones.
In fact, these components tend to deteriorate over time.
q If one of these parts is defective, change or repair it even if the prescribed change interval has not elapsed yet.
(See "4.6 PERIODICAL CHANGE OF THE SAFETY RELATED COMPONENTS").
54
2.8.9 STOP THE ENGINE BEFORE CAR-

RYING OUT ANY MAINTENANCE
OPERATION OR INSPECTION
q Stop the machine only on firm and level ground and stop the
engine before carrying out any maintenance operation or in-
spection.
q If it is necessary to have the engine running during mainte-
nance, engage the safety LOCKS of the equipment control
levers, apply the parking brake and carry out any mainte-
nance operation with the help of another person; an operator RWA02000
must remain on board and the words to be used during the

operation must be agreed upon.
NOTE
q The servo control locking button inhibits also the movements
of the backhoe when this is equipped with servo controls.
q The maintenance personnel must be very careful not to
touch any moving part of the engine.
RKAB2760
RKAB2780
RKAB2800
55
2.8.10 RULES TO BE FOLLOWED DUR-

ING FUEL OR OIL TOPPING UP
q Spilled fuel or oil make the ground slippery and may cause
accidents; clean any dirty area carefully and without delay.
q Always tighten the fuel tank and hydraulic oil tank safety
caps securely.
q Do not use fuel to clean any part of the machine that is dirty
with oil or dust.
q Always top up the fuel and oil tanks in properly ventilated ar-
RWA00970
eas and refrain from smoking.
q When refuelling, hold the fuel gun firmly and keep it con-
stantly in contact with the filler until you have finished, in or-
der to avoid sparks due to static electricity.
q Do not fill the tank completely, in order to leave room for the
fuel to expand.
RWA00980
2.8.11 CHECKING THE COOLANT LEVEL

IN THE RADIATOR
q Let the engine and the radiator cool down before checking
the coolant level in the radiator.
q If it is necessary to remove the cap with hot engine, wear
suitable clothes and protection and loosen the cap slowly, in
order to release the pressure gradually.
RWA01340
2.8.12 USING LAMPS

q When checking the fuel, oil, coolant or battery electrolyte
levels, always use homologated explosion-proof lamps.
Unsuitable lamps may cause fires or explosions.
RWA01350
56
2.8.13 PRECAUTIONS CONCERNING THE REMOVAL

BATTERY AND THE ALTERNATOR
q When repairing the electrical system, disconnect the battery
in order to stop the flow of current. 1 2
IMPORTANT
q Disconnect first the negative cable (-) and then the posi-
tive cable (+).
At the end of the operation, reconnect first the positive
cable (+) and then the negative cable (-).
RWA01370
q If electrical welding operations are to be carried out on the
machine, it is necessary to disconnect the battery and also
the alternator.
RKAB2850
2.8.14 PRECAUTIONS CONCERNING THE

STARTER
q Start the engine only when correctly seated in the driving po-
sition.
with the terminals of the starter. This may cause fires, seri-
ous injury and even death in case of sudden or accidental
movements of the machine.
RWA04890
RKAB2860
57
2.8.15 HANDLING HIGH-PRESSURE PIPES

q Do not bend high-pressure pipes or rub them with sharp or abrasive objects.
Do not use any bent or cracked pipes or hoses that were previously rejected because of leaks or fastening de-
fects, since they may burst during use.
q Always repair or replace any loose or faulty fuel or oil pipe. Any leakage of fuel or oil may cause fires.
2.8.16 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DANGEROUS!

WHEN WORKING ON HIGH- PRES-
SURE SYSTEMS
q Do not forget that the work equipment circuits are always un-
der pressure; for this reason, when it is necessary to add or
drain hydraulic oil, or to service or inspect the hydraulic cir-
cuit, it is advisable to lower the equipment to the ground and
completely release the pressure and also the residual pres-
sure present in the tank.
q For this reason, always wear goggles and thick gloves dur- RWA01480
ing the inspections and use a piece of cardboard or a sheet

of plywood to check for oil leakages.Small leakages from
pipes under pressure and the resulting jets are extremely CORRECT
dangerous, since they can perforate the skin and get in the
blood circulation or injure the eyes.
q If you are struck by a jet of high-pressure oil or are injured,
even if slightly, consult a doctor without delay.
RWA01580
2.8.17 PRECAUTIONS FOR MAINTE-

NANCE WORK INVOLVING HIGH
TEMPERATURES AND PRES-
SURES
q When the machine is stopped at the end of operations, the
engine coolant, the oil and all the components are hot and
the hydraulic circuits are under pressure.
In these conditions, if the coolant, the hydraulic oil or the en-
gine oil are to be drained in order to change them or the fil-
ters, there are serious risks of injury and burns. RWA00990
Wait for the temperature to lower within the normal operating

range (40–45) before carrying out the maintenance opera-
tions in accordance with the procedures indicated in the rele-
vant sections of this manual.
58
2.8.18 HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATOR

The hydraulic accumulator contains pressurized nitrogen.
When carrying out any operation on the accumulator, proceed
with the utmost care, in order to avoid explosions and conse-
quently serious injury and even death.
For this reason, keep to the following instructions:
q do not remove the accumulator;
q do not use sparks or naked flames;
q do not make holes in the accumulator, do not weld or use ox-
yhydrogen flames;
RKA12540
q do not hit or press the accumulator;
q when disposing of the accumulator, take care to release the
gas it contains. Have this operation carried out only by a Ko-
matsu Dealer.
2.8.19 COOLING FAN AND FAN BELT

q Be careful to the revolving parts and do not allow anyone to
get too close to these components, since clothes or parts of
the body may get caught into them.
q If hands, clothes, or tools become entangled in the fan
blades or the fan belt, they may be cut off, torn or seriously
injured/damaged; for this reason, avoid touching any revolv-
ing part.
RWA01660
2.8.20 WASTE MATERIALS

q Do not dispose of used oil in the sewer system, rivers, etc.
q Always put used oil in containers. Do not drain used oil di-
rectly on the ground.
q Keep to the laws and regulations in force when disposing of
harmful substances such as oil, fuel, solvents, used filters,
gaskets, electric wires and batteries.
WARNING
RWA01670
q Oils, filters, coolant, gaskets, electric wires and batter-
ies are considered special waste and must be collected
and disposed of according to the regulations in force.
q The combustible material of some components may be-
come extremely dangerous if it burns. For this reason,
avoid any contact of burnt material with your skin or
eyes and do not inhale the fumes produced.
59
2.8.21 PRECAUTIONS CONCERNING TECHNOPOLYMERS AND ELASTOM-

ERS
DANGER
q Some components of the machine contain polymers and elastomers (Viton sealing rings, Teflon rings,
piston seals made of fluoroelastomers, electric cable insulating materials, etc.).
At room temperature and up to approximately 200°C these materials can be handled without taking any
precautions, since they are completely inert.
However, if these materials are burnt, they release highly toxic gases.
Once these materials have cooled down, they must be collected in tight bags, using heavy waterproof
gloves; gloves and materials must be disposed of in a differentiated manner in compliance with the laws
in force.
The contaminated part of the machine must be washed with highly alkaline detergents and then with a
solution made of detergent and water.
q Avoid burning seals, electric cables, sealing rings.

q Dispose of elastomeric and polymeric waste according to
the regulations in force.
q Do not touch any burnt elastomeric or polymeric waste and
in case of accidental burning avoid inhaling the toxic gases
produced.
q In case of contact with the skin, immediately rinse with a so-
lution made of water and an alkaline detergent for about 30
minutes and then contact a poisoning treatment center with-
out delay.
RKA13780
2.8.22 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN

WHEN INFLATING THE TYRES
q Always bear in mind that tyres can burst while being inflated,
causing serious accidents.
q Before inflating the tyres, always check the wheel rims and
the tyre sidewalls and tread for dents, cuts, broken plies or
other defects.
q Have the tyres checked and serviced by specialized person-
nel.
RWA01680
q Inflate the tyres using a protection structure and a pneumatic
inflating gun with extension complete with pressure gauge.
q Make sure that there is nobody in the vicinity before starting
to inflate a tyre. Stand beside the tyre to inflate it.
q Do not exceed the inflation pressures prescribed for the sin-
gle types of tyre and make sure that all the tyres have the
same pressure.
60
2.8.23 PRECAUTIONS FOR THE INSTAL-

LATION OF THE EXHAUST SYS- 2
TEM TAILPIPE
q When the machine is stopped at the end of work, the ex- 1
haust pipe (1) and the tailpipe (2) are very hot. In these con-
ditions, if any maintenance operation has to be carried out,
the operator runs the risk of being burned or injured.
Carry out any maintenance operation only when these parts
have cooled down and in any case always use thick gloves.
q Pay the utmost attention when installing the tailpipe (2) on RKAB2870
the exhaust pipe (1), since the former must be positioned

correctly with the outlet of the exhaust gases directed toward
the front part of the machine and inclined 60° outwards.
This position serves to prevent the exhaust gases from be-
ing directed towards the cab and therefore towards the oper-
ator.
2.8.24 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHEN USING SYNTHETIC BIODE-

GRADABLE OIL TYPE «HEES»
q It is not possible to mix the synthetic biodegradable oil type HEES with ordinary hydraulic oils, since when the
temperature increases insoluble compounds are generated, which are deposited on the filters and clog them
(the maximum concentration of ordinary oil must not exceed 1% of the total quantity of oil).
q Biodegradable oil can be used only in the hydraulic system; it cannot be used for the engine, the transmissions,
the braking system, etc.
q Before introducing synthetic biodegradable oil in the hydraulic system, empty the system completely, discon-
necting the cylinders and all the parts that may contain ordinary oil, and replace the drain filter with a new one.
Start the engine and let it idle without using the work equipment, wait until the oil reaches a temperature of at
least 40°C, then start moving the equipment, so that all the parts of the system are filled with oil. Stop the engine
and check the oil level (see "4.8.6.a CHECKING THE HYDRAULIC OIL LEVEL").
61
THIS PAGE WAS INTENTIONALLY LEFT EMPTY
62
THE MACHINE AND

ITS OPERATIONS
63
SAFETY LOCKS
3.1 SAFETY LOCKS
DANGER
q If it is necessary to carry out any maintenance operation or to stop the machine with lifted loader arm,
always engage the mechanical safety retainer and lock the control lever.
q When travelling on roads, always engage the mechanical lock, lock the control lever in order to keep the
front bucket in a stable position and use the front bucket swing lock and the teeth guard.
q When travelling on roads or when the backhoe is not going to be used, always connect the boom to the
safety lock, fold the arm and the bucket completely and lock both the swing and the control lever.
On machines equipped with backhoe servo controls, the movements are inhibited by the servo control
locking button (see "3.3.2 pos. 12 - SERVO CONTROL LOCKING BUTTON").
q Non-compliance with these rules may cause serious damage in case of accidental lowering or rotation
of the equipment.
3.1.1 FRONT LOADER LOCKS

The loader arm is provided with two safety locks that have two
A
distinct essential functions: 1
a) SAFETY LOCK (1) for the position of the arm when the
machine is subjected to maintenance on the propeller unit
and inspection of the hydraulic system equipment and of
the auxiliary equipment housed in the engine compart-
3
ment and in any case to the inspections and maintenance
operations that must be carried out with lifted arm (A).
b) SAFETY LOCK (2) for the position of the arm when the
RKAB5880
machine is travelling on roads (B).
It is important to remember that in work conditions the safety
lock (1) must be positioned against the arm (C) and secured in 2
that position by means of the safety pin (3), while the safety
B
lock (2) must be stored in the tool box positioned in the opera-
tor's cab, inside the right access platform.
3
IMPORTANT
q The safety locks (1-2) must always adhere to the rods of
the hydraulic cylinders, on whose eyes they are applied.
q The safety locks must be positioned definitively by
bringing the contact surfaces against each other with a
slow and continuous movement, in such a way as not to RKA13800
damage the cylinder head surfaces.
q When the safety locks are in their definitive position, se-
cure them with the safety pins (3). C
1
3
RKAB5890
64
SAFETY LOCKS
The other applications of the safety locks concern:

a) Installation of the front bucket swing lock (1).
RWAA0770
b) Locking position of the button inhibiting the front loader

control (2) (LED on).
RKAB2880
c) Installation of the teeth guard (3).
3
RKA13810
65
SAFETY LOCKS
3.1.2 BACKHOE LOCKS

The backhoe is held completely lifted by a single coupling that
does not allow the boom to be lowered.
The other safety device regards the swing, which is prevented,
both in the central and in the folded position, by means of a
pin.
To lock the boom, proceed as follows:
1 - Fold the bucket and arm completely.
RKAB2900
2 - Press the button (1) (LED on) to raise the safety lock (3).
3 - Lift the boom completely and release the button (1) (LED 1
off) to engage the safety lock to the boom.
4 - Rotate the boom and insert the swing lock pin (4).
2
RKAB2890
RKAB2910
RKAB2920
66
SAFETY LOCKS
5 - Raise the stabilizers completely and couple the safety

chains (5) to the stabilizers. The controls are inhibited by
the servo control locking button (2) (LED on).
5
RKA13820
6 - Stop the engine and shift the levers (6) to settle the safety
locks. 6
7 - Inhibit the movements of the backhoe control levers by
shifting the lever (7) to the locking position.
NOTE
q On machines equipped with backhoe servo controls, the
movements are inhibited by the servo control locking button
(see "3.3.2 pos. 12 - SERVO CONTROL LOCKING BUT-
TON")
7
RKAB2930
67
GENERAL VIEWS
3.2 GENERAL VIEWS
3.2.1 FRONT GENERAL VIEW
2
10
2
1
5
RIGHT
6
7
8
LEFT 3 9
FORWARD
RKAB5630
1 - Front bucket 6 - Rear axle

2 - Bucket dumping cylinder 7 - Fuel tank
3 - Bucket lifting arm 8 - Lifting cylinder
4 - Cab 9 - Front axle
5 - Hydraulic oil tank 10 - Backhoe bucket cylinder.
68
GENERAL VIEWS
3.2.2 BACKHOE GENERAL VIEW
3 4 5 6
RIGHT
7
FORWARD LEFT
12 11 10 9 8
RKAB5730
1 - Bucket 7 - Right access platform and tool box

2 - Arm 8 - Backhoe sliding guides
3 - Boom 9 - Stabilizers
4 - Arm cylinder 10 - Backhoe locking cylinders
5 - Boom cylinder 11 - Boom swing cylinders
6 - Revolving support 12 - Sliding plate
69
GENERAL VIEWS
3.2.3 CAB INSIDE GENERAL VIEW

3.2.3.1 CAB INSIDE GENERAL VIEW (mechanical backhoe controls)
1 - Reversing gear lever

2 3
2 - Steering wheel
3 - Front dashboard 4
4 - Direction selector - dimmer switch 1
5 - Gearshift lever 5
6 - Steering wheel adjustment lock
7 - Accelerator pedal 6
8 - Brake pedals
7
9 - Side dashboard 8 RKAB2940
10 - Front loader control lever
11 - Parking brake
12 - Hand accelerator 9
13 - Arm and swing control lever 10
Standard version “ISO pattern controls”)
- Boom and swing control lever
11
(On request “Komatsu pattern and X-pattern controls”)
14 - Boom and bucket control lever
(Standard version “ISO pattern controls”) 5
- Arm and bucket control lever
(On request “Komatsu pattern and X-pattern controls”)
RKAB2950
15 - Right stabilizer control lever
16 - Left stabilizer control lever
12
RKAB2960
16 15 14
13
RKAB2980 RKAB2970
70
GENERAL VIEWS
3.2.3.2 CAB INSIDE GENERAL VIEW (backhoe servo controls)

2 3
2 - Steering wheel
3 - Front dashboard 4
4 - Direction selector - dimmer switch 1
5 - Gearshift lever 5
6 - Steering wheel adjustment lock
7 - Accelerator pedal 6
8 - Brake pedals
7
9 - Side dashboard 8 RKAB2940
11 - Parking brake
12 - Hand accelerator 9
13 - Arm and swing control lever 10
(Standard version “ISO pattern controls”)
- Boom and swing control lever
11
(On request only with Pattern Change “Komatsu pattern con-
trols”)
14 - Boom and bucket control lever 5
(Standard version “ISO pattern controls”)
- Arm and bucket control lever
(On request only with Pattern Change “Komatsu pattern con- RKAB2950
trols”)
12
RKAB2960
16 15 13 14
RKAB2980 RKA15070
71
INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROLS
3.3 INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROLS
3.3.1 FRONT INSTRUMENTS
6 7
5 8
4 9
3 10
2 1 12 11
RKA13850
1 - Low fuel warning light 8 - Low oil pressure or braking system failure warning light
2 - Four-wheel drive warning light 9 - General alarm warning light
3 - Differential locking warning light 10 - High beam warning light
4 - Parking brake warning light 11 - Low beam warning light
5 - Transmission oil temperature warning light 12 - Parking lights and instrument lights warning light
6 - Left direction indicator warning light 13 - Direction selector, dimmer switch, horn, blinking, front
7 - Right direction indicator warning light windshield wiper/washer
1 - LOW FUEL WARNING LIGHT

It comes on when about 17 litres of fuel are left in the tank and
therefore it is necessary to refuel as soon as possible.
RKA13860
72
2 - FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE WARNING LIGHT

It comes on when the four-wheel drive is engaged.
RKA13870
3 - DIFFERENTIAL LOCKING WARNING LIGHT

It comes on when the differential is locked by means of the
push button positioned on the loader control lever (see "3.3.6
pos. 11 - DIFFERENTIAL LOCKING PUSH BUTTON").
RKA13880
4 - PARKING BRAKE WARNING LIGHT

It comes on when the parking brake is applied.
P
RWA20230
5 - TRANSMISSION OIL TEMPERATURE WARNING

LIGHT
It comes on and activates the acoustic alarm when the trans-
mission oil exceeds the maximum temperature allowed; when
it comes on, immediately stop the machine, put it in neutral
and let it cool down with the engine idling at approximately
1200 rpm until the warning light goes out. If this occurs repeat-
edly, have the machine inspected and if necessary repaired by
an authorized repair shop.
RKA01810
73
6 - LEFT DIRECTION INDICATOR WARNING LIGHT

It flashes on and off when the indicator (13) is operated to turn
to the left, while it comes on at the same time as the warning
light (7) when the hazard flashers are activated (see "3.3.2
pos. 16 - HAZARD FLASHERS").
RKA13890
7 - RIGHT DIRECTION INDICATOR WARNING LIGHT

It flashes on and off when the indicator (13) is operated to turn
to the right, while it comes on at the same time as the warning
light (6) when the hazard flashers are activated (see "3.3.2
pos. 16 - HAZARD FLASHERS").
RKA13900
8 - LOW OIL PRESSURE OR BRAKING SYSTEM FAIL-

URE WARNING LIGHT
It comes on to indicate that the brake oil pressure is low or that
there is no oil in the reservoir due to leakages.
RYA13700
9 - GENERAL ALARM WARNING LIGHT

This warning light comes on:
a - for about 3 seconds, during the general warning light
check that is performed every time the machine is started;
b - when the maximum temperature allowed for the engine
coolant is exceeded;
c - when the engine oil pressure is low.
RKA00030
74
10 - HIGH BEAM WARNING LIGHT

It comes on when the high beam is operated through the dim-
mer switch - pos. (13).
RKA13910
11 - LOW BEAM WARNING LIGHT

It comes on when the low beam is operated with two clicks of
the switch (17) positioned on the side dashboard (see "3.3.2
pos. 17 - PARKING LIGHTS AND LOW BEAM SWITCH").
RKA13920
12 - PARKING LIGHTS AND INSTRUMENT LIGHTS WARN-

ING LIGHT
It comes on when the parking lights are operated with one
click of the switch (17) positioned on the side dashboard (see
"3.3.2 pos. 17 - PARKING LIGHTS AND LOW BEAM
SWITCH").
RKA00970
13 - DIRECTION SELECTOR, DIMMER SWITCH, HORN,

BLINKING, FRONT WINDSHIELD WIPER/WASHER A
This is a combined switch positioned under the steering wheel,
E F
on the right side, and controls the following functions:
C
A - Left direction indicator
B - Right direction indicator
C - Horn D
D - Low beam/high beam switch-over
E - High beam blinking B G
F - Windshield wiper RKAB3000
G - Windshield washer
75
3.3.2 SIDE INSTRUMENTS

1 - Fuel level indicator
3 2 - Engine coolant temperature indicator
3 - Revolution counter - Hour meter
4 - Hydraulic oil filter clogging warning light
5 - Generator warning light
6 - Glow plug preheating warning light
7 - Engine coolant temperature warning
light
8 - Engine oil pressure warning light
2 9 - Air filter clogging warning light
10 - Revolving light warning light
11 - Acoustic alarm
6 7 12 - Servo control locking button
13 - Backhoe speed control button
14 - Backhoe sliding lock switch
5 8 15 - Backhoe boom lock switch
16 - Hazard flashers
17 - Low beam and parking lights switch
4 9 18 - Four-wheel drive switch
19 - Rear horn
20 - Safety valve switch (if installed)
1 10 21 - Load stabilizer system switch
(if provided)
22 - Optional equipment switch (if provided)
23 - Hydraulic hand hammer switch
(if provided)
RKA13930
24 - Ignition switch
25 - Fan switch
26 - Air conditioner switch (if provided)
14 15
13 18
12
19
17 26
16 25
11
23
20 21 22
24
RKAB4290 RKAB3300
76
1 - FUEL LEVEL INDICATOR

It indicates the fuel level in the tank and functions only when
the ignition key is in position «I».
IMPORTANT
q If the indicator reaches the red low fuel area during
work, stop the machine and provide for refuelling. 1
q The warning light (1) positioned on the front instrument
panel signals when the fuel level is too low (see "3.3.1
pos. 1 - LOW FUEL WARNING LIGHT").
RKAB4340
2 - ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE INDICATOR

It indicates the engine coolant temperature, which normally
must be included between 80°C and 85°C.
If the indicator reaches the red area, indicating that the tem-
perature is too high, the acoustic alarm sends out a continu- 2
ous signal, the warning light (7) comes on and the general
alarm warning light flashes on and off (see "3.3.1 pos. 9 -
GENERAL ALARM WARNING LIGHT").
RKAB4350
3 - REVOLUTION COUNTER - HOUR METER

This is a combined instrument that indicates the engine speed
with a pointer, while the number of operating hours appears in
the lower displays.
3
The count is continuous and the hour number is increased by
one when the engine has worked for 1 hour, independently on
the engine speed.
The hour counter keeps counting even if the machine isn’t
working or travelling.
The reading must be considered valid for the calculation of the
maintenance intervals. RKAB4360
77
4 - HYDRAULIC OIL FILTER CLOGGING WARNING LIGHT

It comes on when the hydraulic oil filter is clogged and must be
replaced (see "4.8.10.c CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC SYS-
TEM OIL FILTER").
RWA22340
5 - GENERATOR WARNING LIGHT

This warning light comes on, together with the acoustic alarm,
when the starting circuit is energized and goes out when the
engine exceeds the idling rpm; if this warning light remains on
even when the engine is running at the normal operating
speed, this means that the alternator is not working and the
battery is not charged correctly.
IMPORTANT
q If the warning light remains off when the ignition key is
turned to position «I», this means that the alternator is
RWA07150
faulty or broken.
6 - GLOW PLUG PREHEATING WARNING LIGHT

It comes on when the ignition key is turned to position « »
for the cold start of the engine (see "3.6.2.2 STARTING WITH
COLD ENGINE OR IN COLD CLIMATES").
RWA07160
7 - ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE WARNING LIGHT

when the engine coolant exceeds the maximum temperature
allowed; in this case, let the engine idle (approx. 1200 rpm)
until it stops.
If this inconvenience occurs again, make sure that the radiator
is clean.
RKA13940
78
8 - ENGINE OIL PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT

when the engine is not running and the starting circuit is oper-
ated and goes out as soon as the engine lubrication circuit is
pressurized.
If it does not go out or comes on when the engine is running,
stop the machine immediately and try to find the cause of the
failure.
RWA07130
9 - AIR FILTER CLOGGING WARNING LIGHT

It comes one when the engine air filter needs cleaning (see
"4.8.1.a CHECKING, CLEANING OR CHANGING THE EN-
GINE AIR FILTERS").
RWA31710
10 - REVOLVING LIGHT WARNING LIGHT

It comes on when the revolving light is operated by means of
the switch positioned on the upper right side of the cab (see
"3.3.5 pos. 2 - REVOLVING LIGHT SWITH").
RKA01800
11 - ACOUSTIC ALARM
The acoustic alarm starts when the circuits are energized with
the ignition key (turned to position « ») and stops automatical-
ly after the automatic check on the warning lights.
The sounding of the alarm when the machine is working sig-
nals the following anomalies:
• Insufficient engine oil pressure
• Overheating of the engine cooling circuit
• Overheating of the transmission oil
• Faulty alternator or worn belt
• Incorrect position of the seat while the machine is moving RKA01070
79
12 - SERVO CONTROL LOCKING BUTTON
WARNING
q When travelling on roads, always engage the servo con- 12
trol locking device.
This button has the function to inhibit the servo controls and
must be used when the machine travels on roads and as safe-
ty lock when leaving the driver’s seat or parking the machine.
To lock the servo controls, press the button (12) (LED on).
RKAB4370
Press the button again (LED off) to release the controls.
NOTE
q Whenever the machine is started, the controls are locked
automatically (LED on); press the button (LED off) to use the
controls.
q For safety reasons, the servo controls are locked automati-
cally (LED on) when the seat is rotated by the operator to
change driving position. The servo controls are automatically
released (LED off) when the rotation has been completed
and the seat is fixed in the correct driving position (front or
rear).
q In the version with backhoe servo controls, this button
serves to lock the backhoe controls, too.
13 - BACKHOE SPEED CONTROL BUTTON

This button allows the quantity of oil delivered by the hydraulic POWER
pump to be selected. Whenever restarted, the machine auto-
matically selects the POWER mode (LED on), even if when it
stopped the selected mode was ECONOMY. This position 13
makes it possible to use the maximum oil delivery and is indis-
pensable for a correct use of the backhoe. When the button is
pressed (LED off), the ECONOMY operating mode is selected.
To return to the POWER mode (LED on), press the button
again. The machine passes automatically from POWER to
ECONOMY mode when the forward or the reverse gear are
RKAB4380
engaged (reversing gear lever forward or backward). To return
to the POWER mode, shift the lever back to the neutral posi-
tion.
14 - BACKHOE SLIDING LOCK SWITCH

This switch has the function to release the backhoe unit from
the sliding guides, in such a way as to make it possible to
change the position of the backhoe with respect to the ma-
chine. The backhoe unit is generally fixed on the guides and
the switch is not operated (LED off). When pressed, the switch
comes on and releases the unit from the guides, thus allowing
the backhoe to slide; once the desired position has been
reached, press the switch again to fix the backhoe unit (LED
off).
RKA13980
80
15 - BACKHOE BOOM LOCKING BUTTON

This is a button that automatically returns to position OFF and
is used to couple the safety lock to the boom when the back-
hoe is not going to be used or when the machine travels on
roads.
Press the button (LED on) to lift the safety lock; this is indis-
pensable to position the boom correctly before the coupling
operation.
Release the button (LED off) to lower the lock and couple it to
the boom.
For the use of this button, see "3.6.1.1 pos. 8 - BACKHOE
RKA13990
BOOM LOCKING BUTTON".
16 - HAZARD FLASHERS
This button operates both direction indicators at the same time
and must be used whenever, while travelling on roads, the ma-
chine is temporarily parked/stopped on the roadway or in any
case in anomalous position.
RWA20210
17 - PARKING LIGHTS AND LOW BEAM SWITCH

This is a two-position switch; with one click it switches on the
parking lights and instruments, with two clicks it switches on
the low beam. The parking lights can be switched on even with
the machine at rest.
RKA01820
18 - FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE SWITCH

When pressed (LED on), this switch engages the four-wheel
drive. When the switch is pressed, also the warning light pos.
(2) on the front instrument panel comes on (see "3.3.1 pos. 2
- FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE WARNING LIGHT").
When pressed again (LED off), it disengages the four-wheel
drive.
IMPORTANT
q When travelling at high speed and on roads, disengage
the four-wheel drive.
RKA13870
q The four-wheel drive is automatically engaged when the
brake pedals are pressed, and only with the 4th gear en-
gaged.
81
19 - REAR HORN
It serves to warn the persons in the surrounding area before
starting work and in case of danger when working with the
backhoe.
RKA14010
20 - ELECTRIC SAFETY VALVE SWITCH (if installed)

When pressed (LED on), this switch deactivates the safety
valves installed on the front loader cylinders.
When pressed again (LED off), it reactivates the safety valves.
IMPORTANT
q Always deactivate the electric safety valves when the
load stabilizer system “LSS” is operated.
For further information regarding the “LSS”, see "6.11
LOAD STABILIZER SYSTEM (LSS) (Optional)".
RKA14020
21 - LOAD STABILIZER SYSTEM SWITCH “LSS”

(if provided)
Pressing the switch (LED on) enables the load stabilizer sys-
tem LSS.
When the switch is in this position the battery can be re-
charged and the pressure is kept constant.
For further information on the LSS system, see "6.11 LOAD
STABILIZER SYSTEM (LSS) (Optional)".
Press the switch again (LED off) to disable the load stabilizer
system.
RKA14030
22 - OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT SWITCH (if provided)
82
23 - HYDRAULIC HAND HAMMER SWITCH (if provided)

When pressed (LED on), this switch enables the hydraulic cir-
cuit of the hand hammer. When pressed again (LED off), it dis-
ables the circuit.
RKA13960
24 - IGNITION SWITCH
The ignition switch is a rotary key switch with four positions
marked with the following symbols « » - (OFF) - « » -
« » (START).
For further details on the use of this switch, see "3.6.2 START-
ING THE ENGINE").
RWA23290
25 - FAN SWITCH
It is a three-speed switch and operates the fan motor.
Turn the switch clockwise to increase the fan speed.
If operated after opening the cock installed on the heater, it en-
sures the circulation of warm air and serves as heating switch
(see "3.5.3 VENTILATION AND HEATING").
The temperature of the air delivered by the heater can be ad-
justed through the knob positioned under the switch. Turn the
knob clockwise to increase the temperature and counterclock-
wise to reduce it.
If the machine is provided with air conditioning system, the RWA07170
same knob can be used to adjust the air flow and therefore the
temperature inside the cab. For further information, see "3.5.4
AIR CONDITIONER (if installed)".
26 - AIR CONDITIONER SWITCH (if provided)

Press the switch (LED on) to start the compressor of the air
conditioner.
For further information on the operation of the air conditioning
system, see "3.5.4 AIR CONDITIONER (if installed)".
Press the switch again (LED off) to stop the air conditioner.
IMPORTANT
q It is advisable to start the air conditioner only with low
engine rpm and not during acceleration, to avoid dam-
aging the system or breaking the compressor drive belt.
RYA13780
83
3.3.3 PUSH BUTTONS ON THE FRONT

LOADER CONTROL LEVER 1
1 - Declutch push button 2
2 - Differential locking push button
5
3 - 4in1 bucket opening push button
4 - 4in1 bucket folding push button
3
5 - Front loader speed control push button 4
RKAB5231
1 - DECLUTCH PUSH BUTTON

This push button is used to transform all the engine power into
the hydraulic power necessary to lift the material. (See "3.3.6
pos. 10 - DECLUTCH PUSH BUTTON").
RKA14040
2 - DIFFERENTIAL LOCKING PUSH BUTTON

This push button must be used with low gears and reduced
speed, only when it is necessary to make the rear driving
wheels integral with each other in case of slipping (see "3.3.6
pos. 11 - DIFFERENTIAL LOCKING PUSH BUTTON").
The warning light (3) on the front instrument panel (see "3.3.1
pos. 3 - DIFFERENTIAL LOCKING WARNING LIGHT") indi-
cates that the push button is in use.
RKA13880
3 - 4IN1 BUCKET OPENING PUSH BUTTON

Press the push button to open the bucket; when the push but-
ton is released, the bucket stops. (See "3.3.6 pos. 12 - 4 IN1
BUCKET OPENING PUSH BUTTON").
RKA14050
84
4 - 4IN1 BUCKET FOLDING PUSH BUTTON

Press the push button to fold the bucket; when the push button
is released, the bucket stops. (See "3.3.6 pos. 13 - 4 IN1
BUCKET FOLDING PUSH BUTTON").
RKA14060
5 - FRONT LOADER SPEED CONTROL PUSH BUTTON

This button is used to increase the speed of the front loader
movements.
RKA14070
3.3.4 PUSH BUTTON ON THE GEARSHIFT LEVER

This push button is used to shift gears when the machine is
travelling. (See "3.3.6 pos. 15 - DECLUTCH PUSH
BUTTON").
RKAB3120
85
3.3.5 CAB SWITCHES AND ELECTRIC ACCESSORIES
1 - FRONT WORK LIGHT SWITCH

This switch enables the front work lights installed on the cab. 1
IMPORTANT
q When travelling on roads, switch off the work lights.
RKAB4620
2 - REVOLVING LIGHT SWITH

This switch must be operated when it is necessary to travel on
roads and after connecting the light to the outlet installed on
2
the cab roof.
RKAB4630
3 - REAR WORK LIGHT SWITCH

This switch enables the rear work lights installed on the cab.
3
IMPORTANT
q When travelling on roads, switch off the work lights.
RKAB4640
4 - REAR WINDSHIELD WIPER SWITCH

This switch operates the rear windshield wiper.
4
RKAB4650
86
5 - REAR WINDSHIELD WASHER SWITCH

This switch, with automatic return to the OFF position, oper-
ates the rear windshield washer. 5
RKAB4660
6 - OVERHEAD LAMP
The overhead lamp is used to check the instruments and the
inside of the cab when visibility is scarce. 6
RKAB3050
7 - POWER OUTLET
The 12V power outlet is in compliance with the ISO 4165-1979
standard.
It is used for the connection of the revolving light, of the in- 7
spection lamp when maintenance operations are to be carried
out and visibility is scarce, and of the emergency light.
The outlet is powered with the revolving light switch. (See
"3.3.2 pos. 13 - BACKHOE SPEED CONTROL BUTTON").
RKAB3060
8 - CIGARETTE LIGHTER SOCKET

The socket (8) is positioned on the lower part of the side dash-
board and is powered by a 12V supply. It is used for the ciga-
rette lighter and is perfectly compatible with the cigarette 8
lighters available on the market. It can also be used to re-
charge mobile phones. Before use, remove the protection cap.
A
RKAB3070
87
9 - BATTERY DISCONNECTION SWITCH (if provided)

The battery disconnection switch (9) is positioned on the left 9
side of the machine, inside the engine compartment, and can
be reached by opening the engine hood (see "3.5.1 ENGINE
HOOD").
It is possible to interrupt the passage of current from the bat-
tery to the electric system of the machine by turning the switch
counterclockwise and releasing it. Always interrupt the pas-
sage of current before carrying out any operation on the bat-
tery or the electric system and before carrying out any welding
operation on the machine.
RKA15790
To restore the electric contact, put back the switch and turn it
clockwise.
10 - APERTURE FOR THE INSTALLATION OF A CAR RA-

DIO (if provided)
If the machine is provided with an aperture for the installation
of a car radio, remove the cover (10) and install the radio.
IMPORTANT 10
q For use, keep to the instructions contained in the book-
let supplied together with the radio.
RKAB4670
88
3.3.6 MACHINE CONTROLS

3.3.6.1 MACHINE CONTROLS
(version with mechanically-controlled backhoe)
1 9 8
4
6
5
5
3
2 RKAB3080 RKAB3090

2 - Brake pedals 7
3 - Accelerator
5 - Gearshift lever
6 - Parking brake
7 - Hand accelerator
8 - Backhoe boom locking button RKAB3100

10 - Declutch push button
10
12 - 4in1 bucket opening push button 12
13 11
RKAB3110
15
RKAB3120
89

16 17
18 - Left backhoe control lever
19 - Right backhoe control lever
RKAB3140
19
18
RKAB3130
90
3.3.6.2 MACHINE CONTROLS

(version with servo-assisted backhoe)
1 9 8
4
6
5
5
3
2 RKAB3080 RKAB3090

2 - Brake pedals 7
3 - Accelerator
5 - Gearshift lever
6 - Parking brake
7 - Hand accelerator
8 - Backhoe boom locking button RKAB3100

10
12 - 4in1 bucket opening push button 12
13 11
RKAB3110
15
RKAB3120
91
16 - Left stabilizer control switch

17 - Right stabilizer control switch 16 17
18 - Left backhoe control lever
19 - Right backhoe control lever
20 - Pattern change control lever (if provided and only for the
version with servo-assisted backhoe)
RKAB3140
18 19
20
RKA15080
92
1 - REVERSING GEAR LEVER
WARNING
q When it is necessary to park or leave the machine unattended, even if temporarily, shift the lever to posi-
tion (N) and always apply the parking brake.
q The machine is equipped with an acoustic alarm that is activated if the operator, with the engine run-
ning, shifts the reversing gear lever (1) to position F or R with the seat rotated in any position different
from the correct driving position.
This is a danger signal, since it is absolutely forbidden to move the machine while working with the
backhoe equipment or in any case with the seat rotated by 180° with respect to the regular driving posi-
tion.
Remember that the operator is allowed to move the machine only when seated in the correct driving po-
sition, with locked seat and fastened safety belt.
q Non-compliance with these rules may cause serious accidents.
IMPORTANT
q Operate the lever only when the engine is running at low speed.
q The engine can be started only with the lever in neutral position (N).
q If the operator deems it necessary, the machine may also be equipped with an acoustic alarm for move-
ments in reverse.
This device can be installed on a special area in the rear part of the frame (see "2.4.4 CHECKS FOR
TRAVELLING IN REVERSE"); before travelling in reverse, make sure that the acoustic alarm functions
perfectly.
To check the functionality of this acoustic alarm, proceed as follows:
- start the machine (see "3.6.2 STARTING THE ENGINE");
- press the brake pedals;
- shift the reversing gear lever (1) to the reverse position R.
If the alarm doesn’t work, have the machine checked by your Komatsu Dealer.
By lifting this lever and rotating it on the vertical axis, it is pos-

sible to select:
F
F - the forward travel, if the lever is shifted FORWARD
R - the reverse, if the lever is shifted BACKWARD
N R
RKAB3150
93
2 - BRAKE PEDALS
WARNING
q The brake pedals must always be connected when the
2
3rd or 4th gear is engaged and when the machine travels
on roads.
q Non-compliance with this rule may result in serious ac-
cidents.
A
The machine is provided with two split brake pedals that make
RWA13950
it possible to turn sharply in small work areas with many obsta-
cles; with the right pedal it is possible to make sharp turns to
the right, with the left pedal it is possible to make sharp turns
to the left.
When the pedals (2) are used individually, reduce the speed
and keep the bucket as low as possible. The pedals must al- 2
ways be connected with each other by means of the connec-
tion pin (A) when the high gears are engaged and when the
machine travels on roads.
IMPORTANT
q When the machine is running at high speed and only
with the 4th gear engaged, the braking power is in- A
creased with the automatic engagement of the four- RWA13960
wheel drive.
3 - ACCELERATOR
Use the accelerator with care, especially when the machine is
under strain or is working in difficult conditions. Avoiding use-
less accelerations means reducing consumption and extend- 3
ing the service life of both the engine and the machine.
94
4 - FRONT LOADER CONTROL LEVER

4
WARNING
q Before carrying out any manoeuvre with this lever, the
operator must be seated in the driving position, with
fastened safety belt.
q If the loader control lever has to be used during travel,
avoid any abrupt and quick movement that may affect
the balance of the machine and make it difficult to drive.
q If it is necessary to leave the machine on a slope, take
all the precautions aimed at preventing any uncon-
trolled movement of the machine itself.
(See "3.7 PARKING THE MACHINE").
RWA33710
q Before leaving the operator’s seat, lower the bucket to

the ground and engage the safety lock before stopping F E
the engine.
B
The front loader control lever (4) is positioned on the opera-
tor’s right and controls the lifting and lowering of the arm and A
N
the folding and dumping of the bucket according to the orthog- C
onal movements listed below.
If the machine is properly equipped, the shifting of the lever to D
position E (one click) sets the loader to a free, or floating posi-
tion, that is, to a position in which it can automatically follow
the undulation of the ground.
Shifting the lever (4) 45° towards the axis of the machine (F)
activates the “Return-to-dig” device, which controls the lower-
ing of the loader arm and at the same time folds the bucket in
loading position.
As soon as the bucket touches the ground, the “Return-to-dig”
device is disconnected and the machine returns to normal op-
erating conditions.
N - Neutral
A - Bucket folding
B - Arm lowering
C - Bucket dumping
D - Arm lifting
Only with the appropriate equipment:

E - Free (floating) arm
F - Self-leveling (return-to-dig)
95
If the lever is shifted following an inclined direction with respect RWA00550

to the machine axes, simultaneous movements, proportional
to the inclination angle, are obtained, since the two hydraulic
distributors responsible for the single functions are operated at
the same time.
A B
N
N - Neutral
A - Arm lowering - Bucket folding D C
B - Arm lowering - Bucket dumping
C - Arm lifting - Bucket dumping
D - Arm lifting - Bucket folding
IMPORTANT
q All movements are inhibited when the safety button (A)
is in locking position (LED on) (see "3.3.2 pos. 12 -
SERVO CONTROL LOCKING BUTTON").
A
CAUTION
q When the machine travels on roads, the servo control
locking device must always be activated.
RKAB4450
96
5 - GEARSHIFT LEVER
WARNING 5
q Since no mechanical connection is provided between
the gearbox and the engine, if the machine is parked on
a slope it can move freely even with engaged gears; for
this reason, always apply the parking brake, in order to
avoid any damage.
15
q Engage the gears only with the engine running at low
speed.
RKAB3180
q Avoid shifting up when using the machine for heavy-du-
ty applications.
q Always shift the lever to the neutral position (N) when
parking or leaving the machine unattended, even if tem-
porarily. 1 3
By means of the lever (5) it is possible to engage one of the
four available gears, which are arranged according to the dia-
gram. N
The choice of the gear to be engaged is up to the operator; it is
advisable to use the low gears for heavy-duty applications and
to use the high gears for movements on flat surfaces or to trav-
el at high speed. 2 4 RWA03270
This precaution serves to protect the converter unit from dan-
gerous overheatings.
IMPORTANT
q During normal travel, the gears can be shifted up or
down with the declutch push button (15) pressed.
(See "3.3.6 pos. 15 - DECLUTCH PUSH BUTTON").
q Before shifting down, decelerate by putting on the
brakes.
97
6 - PARKING BRAKE
CAUTION
q The parking brake must be applied whenever it is neces-
sary to leave the driving position, even if temporarily.
q The machine must be parked with the rear wheels firmly
resting on a flat surface.
If one of the rear wheels is unstable or rests on a small
obstacle, the machine may move.
q Periodically check the brake efficiency. RKAB2800
Non-compliance with these rules may cause serious ac-
cidents or even death.
q The parking brake must be released if the machine
breaks down and it is necessary to remove it.
Braking is obtained by pulling the lever completely upwards,

until the safety device is coupled; release is obtained by press-
ing the lower safety device while releasing the lever, which au-
tomatically returns downward.
CAUTION
q The warning light 4 on the front instrument panel (see
RKAB2810
"3.3.1 pos. 4 - PARKING BRAKE WARNING LIGHT") sig-
nals that the parking brake is applied.
q In order to ensure safety, when the parking brake is ap-
plied the functions of the reversing gear lever are inhib-
ited (see "3.3.6 pos. 1 - REVERSING GEAR LEVER").
98
7 - HAND ACCELERATOR
WARNING
q The use of the hand accelerator is allowed only under
the conditions specified below; use in any other condi-
tion may cause serious accidents. C
The hand accelerator can be used only when the engine is

warming up and successively only when it is necessary to
work with the backhoe; it can also be used for certain mainte-
nance operations. RKAB3190
Idling position: pull the lever completely backward.

Max. speed position: push the lever completely forward.
CAUTION
q The maximum speed position corresponds to 1900–
2000 rpm.
For a correct use of the lever, keep to the indications given on

the plate (C) applied inside the right dashboard.If possible,
avoid using the machine with the lever completely pushed for- C
ward, since in this way consumption will be considerably in-
creased and the life of both the engine and the machine RKAB3200
shortened.
The plate (C) is characterized by two coloured areas, the
green area “A” and the red area “B”, referring to different en-
gine speeds:
B A
q Green area “A”: this area indicates an engine speed of
1700 rpm, which is the value recommended to the operator.
q Red area “B”: this area indicates an engine speed up to
1900 ± 50 rpm, which is the maximum speed allowed for the
use of the backhoe.
The engine speed can be checked on the revolution counter
positioned on the right dashboard. See "3.3.2 pos. 3 - REV-
OLUTION COUNTER - HOUR METER". RWA33150
99
8 - BACKHOE BOOM LOCKING BUTTON
WARNING
q Always engage the boom safety lock when the backhoe
is not going to be used and when travelling on roads.
This switch automatically returns to position OFF and is used A

to couple the boom to the safety lock (A).
When it is in rest position (LED off), the backhoe is free and
can move without any interference with the lock.
The button is in this position even when the boom is connect- RKAB3210
ed to the safety lock.

To engage the safety lock, proceed as follows:
Fold the arm and the bucket. Press the button (8) (LED on) to
raise the safety lock and keep it pressed. Lift the boom com-
pletely and release the button (LED off) to engage the safety A
lock to the boom.
Before moving the machine, make sure that the lock is proper-
ly positioned in its seat.
IMPORTANT
q The button (8) loses its specific function when the safe-
ty button (B) is in locking position.
For further details, see "3.3.2 pos. 12 - SERVO CON-
RKAB3220
TROL LOCKING BUTTON".
RKAB4460
100
9 - BACKHOE SLIDING LOCK SWITCH

The switch (9) has the function to release the pressure neces- 9
sary to lock the backhoe unit, so that the backhoe can slide on
the guides.
With released switch (LED off) the backhoe unit is fixed on the
guides.
With pressed switch (LED on) the backhoe unit is released B
and can slide on the guides.
IMPORTANT
q The switch (9) loses its specific function when the safe-
RKAB4470
ty button (B) is in locking position.
For further details, see "3.3.2 pos. 12 - SERVO CON-
TROL LOCKING BUTTON".
CAUTION
q Before starting any operation, make sure that the back-
hoe is fixed on its guides.

10
WARNING
q Do not use this button for more than 15÷20 seconds.
q Do not use this button during travel on roads and espe-
cially when travelling downhill, since this function re-
leases the clutch and sets the machine in neutral.
The push button (10) is used when the machine is used as a

loader; the declutch function serves to change all the engine RKAB4390
power into the hydraulic power necessary to lift the material.
101
11 - DIFFERENTIAL LOCKING PUSH BUTTON
IMPORTANT
q The locking of the differential is possible only with the
1st, 2nd or 3rd gear engaged, both forward and reverse.
The locking of the differential in 4th gear is inhibited.
q Before locking the differential, lower the speed as much
as possible, in order to reduce the impact loads on the
axle. 11
The locking of the differential must be used only when it is nec-
essary to engage the rear driving wheels, in case of skidding RKAB4400
or if the machine is stuck in sand or mud. The locking of the

differential is obtained by simply pressing the button (11) and
only with the gears engaged (1st, 2nd or 3rd). The locking is au-
tomatically released when the machine returns to two-wheel
drive.
The warning light (3) on the front instrument panel (see "3.3.1
pos. 3 - DIFFERENTIAL LOCKING WARNING LIGHT") sig-
nals that the differential is locked.
12 - 4 IN1 BUCKET OPENING PUSH BUTTON

On machines equipped with 4in1 bucket, the distributor for the
opening of the bucket is controlled via the push button (12) po- 12
sitioned on the loader control lever.
Press the button to open the bucket; when the button is re-
leased, the bucket stops.
NOTE
q This control is used also to lock the bucket on the equipment
carrier when the machine is equipped with hydraulic quick
coupling device.
RKAB4410
13 - 4 IN1 BUCKET FOLDING PUSH BUTTON

On machines equipped with 4in1 bucket, the distributor for the
folding of the bucket is controlled via the push button (13) posi-
tioned on the loader control lever.
Press the button to fold the bucket; when the button is re-
leased, the bucket stops.
NOTE
q This control is used also to lock the bucket on the equipment
13
carrier when the machine is equipped with hydraulic quick
coupling device.
RKAB4420
102
14 - FRONT LOADER SPEED CONTROL PUSH BUTTON

The push button (14) makes it possible to exploit the maximum
quantity of oil delivered by the hydraulic pump for heavy-duty
applications.
Press the push button to increase oil delivery; when the push
button is released, the oil delivery returns to the standard oper- 14
ating values.
It is advisable to use the push button without interruption for no
more than 5-6 seconds.
RKAB4430
WARNING
q Do not use this button for more than 15–20 seconds.
q Do not use this button during travel on roads and espe-
cially when travelling downhill, since this function re-
leases the clutch and sets the machine in neutral.
15
The push button (15) is used to shift gears when the machine
is moving. (See "3.3.6 pos. 5 - GEARSHIFT LEVER").
RKAB4440
16/17 - STABILIZER CONTROL LEVERS

16 17
WARNING N
q Before moving the machine, make sure that the stabiliz-

ers are completely raised.
q When travelling on roads, raise the stabilizers and en-
gage the safety locks and the servo control locking de-
vice. N
These levers are positioned to the operator’s left and control RKAB4480
the raising and lowering of the stabilizers, as indicated in the
diagram.
IMPORTANT

SERVO CONTROL LOCKING BUTTON"). A
RKAB4450
103
18/19 - BACKHOE CONTROL LEVERS

(version with mechanical controls)
19
WARNING
18
q Before carrying out any manoeuvre with these levers,
the operator must be seated in working position, that is,
with the seat rotated by 180° with respect to the driving
position and with fastened safety belt; before any ma-
noeuvre, take all the precautions specified in section
"3.13 USING THE MACHINE AS AN EXCAVATOR".
q The machine is equipped with an acoustic alarm that is RKAB3130
activated if the operator, with the engine running, shifts

the reversing gear lever (1) to position F or R with the
seat rotated in any position different from the correct
driving position.
This is a danger signal, since it is absolutely forbidden
to move the machine while working with the backhoe
equipment or in any case with the seat rotated by 180°
with respect to the regular driving position. Remember
that the operator is allowed to move the machine only
while seated in the correct driving position, with locked
seat and fastened safety belt.
q Before leaving the work position, lower the equipment
to the ground and do not stop the engine if the safety
RKAB2780
lock is not engaged.
q When travelling on roads, always lock the levers by
means of the safety lock.
The backhoe control levers can be equipped with different

boom, arm and bucket controls according to three different
systems:
1 - ISO PATTERN CONTROLS (Standard)
2 - KOMATSU PATTERN CONTROLS (On request)
3 - X-PATTERN CONTROLS (On request)
No movement can be carried out when the safety lever is shift-
ed upwards (see "3.1.2 BACKHOE LOCKS"). RKAB2790
The following diagrams show the basic and combined ma-

noeuvres that can be performed with these three systems.
N R
RKAB3150
104
18/19 - BACKHOE CONTROL LEVERS

(version with servo controls)
18 19
WARNING
q Before carrying out any manoeuvre with these levers,
the operator must be seated in working position, that is,
with the seat rotated by 180° with respect to the driving
position and with fastened safety belt; before any ma-
noeuvre, take all the precautions specified in section
"3.13 USING THE MACHINE AS AN EXCAVATOR".
q The machine is equipped with an acoustic alarm that is RKA15090
activated if the operator, with the engine running, moves

the reversing gear lever (1) to position F or R with the
seat rotated in any position different from the correct
driving position. F
This is a danger signal, since it is absolutely forbidden
to move the machine while working with the backhoe
equipment or in any case with the seat rotated by 180° 1
with respect to the regular driving position. Remember
that the operator is allowed to move the machine only
while seated in the correct driving position, with locked N R
seat and fastened safety belt.
q Before leaving the driver’s seat, lower the equipment to
the ground, engage the safety device to lock the con- RKAB3150
trols and raise both joysticks towards the rear of the

machine.
q Before starting work, check the control pattern by carry-
ing out short manoeuvres in order to make sure the all
the movements corresponds to those shown on the
plates.
A
q When travelling on roads, always engage the safety de-
vice (A) to lock the controls (LED on).
The machine equipped with backhoe servo controls is particu-

larly useful, in fact less effort is required to shift the controls
and this reduces the stress to which the operator is subjected, RKAB4450
as well as the time required to carry out the various opera-
tions.
IMPORTANT
105
To use the levers correctly, proceed as follows:

1 - With the machine at rest and the engine off, seat correctly
and rotate the seat by 180° with respect to the driving po-
sition. 18
2 - Adjust both joysticks until they reach the desired operat-
ing position (see "3.3.6.3 pos. 2 JOYSTICK LOCKING
LEVERS (only for the version with servo-assisted back-
hoe)").
The position of the joysticks during work can be adjusted
by means of the respective knobs positioned on the cab B
floor (see "3.3.6.3 pos. 4 JOYSTICK STROKE ADJUST-
ING KNOB (only for the version with servo-assisted back-
hoe)").
3 - Adjust the height of the arm supports (B) by means of the
adjusting knobs, until finding the position that is most suit-
able to your physical structure (see "3.3.6.3 pos. 3 ARM
SUPPORT ADJUSTING KNOB (only for the version with
servo-assisted backhoe)").
RKA15100
4 - Once the correct operating position of both joysticks has
been found, fasten the safety belt and start the machine
(see "3.6.2 STARTING THE ENGINE").
Press the button (A) (LED off) to release the servo con-
trols and start work. 19
5 - At the end of work lower the equipment to the ground and
lock the controls again with button (A) (LED on).
6 - Before rotating the seat to the driving position, shift the
joysticks in vertical position, paying attention to the safety
distance from the rear window. If the end of stroke of the
joysticks needs adjusting, use the screws positioned on B
the front part of the same (see "3.3.6.3 pos. 4 JOYSTICK
STROKE ADJUSTING KNOB (only for the version with
servo-assisted backhoe)").
The control lever (18) is positioned to the operator’s left and
controls the arm and the swing, while the control lever (19) po-
sitioned to the operator’s right controls the boom and the buck-
et.
On request, the machine can be equipped with two different
control patterns at the same time, more precisely: RKA15110
1 - ISO PATTERN CONTROLS (Standard)

2 - KOMATSU PATTERN CONTROLS (Optional)
The choice of the control pattern is up to the operator; for the
selection of the pattern desired, see paragraph " 20 - PAT-
TERN CHANGE CONTROL LEVER (if provided and only for A
the version with servo-assisted backhoe)".
The patterns illustrated below show the basic manoeuvres and
the combined manoeuvres that can be carried out with the two
systems.
RKAB4450
106
ISO PATTERN CONTROLS

LEVER 18 (BASIC MANOEUVRES) RWA00600
N - Neutral
A - Boom swing to the left
B
B - Arm opening
A
C - Boom swing to the right N
C
D - Arm folding
D
N - Neutral
A - Bucket folding B
B - Boom lowering
A
C - Bucket opening N
C
D - Boom lifting
D
If the levers are shifted in directions that are inclined with respect to the machine axis, simultaneous movements
proportional to the angle of inclination are obtained, since the two hydraulic distributors responsible for each single
function are operated at the same time.
LEVER 18 (COMBINED MANOEUVRES) RWA00620
N - Neutral
A - Arm opening - Boom swing to the left
A B
B - Arm opening - Boom swing to the right
C - Arm folding - Boom swing to the right N
D - Arm folding - Boom swing to the left
D C
N - Neutral
A - Boom lowering - Bucket folding
A B
B - Boom lowering - Bucket opening
C - Boom lifting - Bucket opening N
D - Boom lifting - Bucket folding C
D
107
KOMATSU PATTERN CONTROLS

N - Neutral
A - Boom swing to the left B
B - Boom lowering
A
C
D - Boom lifting
D
N - Neutral
A - Bucket folding
B
B - Arm opening
A
C - Bucket opening N
C
D - Arm folding
D
N - Neutral
A - Boom lowering and swing to the left
A B
B - Boom lowering and swing to the right
C - Boom lifting and swing to the right N
D - Boom lifting and swing to the left D C
N - Neutral
A - Arm opening - bucket folding
A B
B - Arm opening - bucket opening
C - Arm folding - bucket opening N
D - Arm folding - bucket folding D C
108
“X” - PATTERN CONTROLS

(only for the version with mechanically-controlled backhoe)
N - Neutral
A - Boom swing to the left A B
B - Boom lowering
D - Boom lifting
D C
N - Neutral
A - Arm opening A B
B - Bucket opening
N
C - Arm folding
D - Bucket folding D C
N - Neutral
A - Boom lifting and swing to the left
B
B - Boom lowering and swing to the left
A
C - Boom lowering and swing to the right N
C
D - Boom lifting and swing to the right
D
N - Neutral
A - Arm opening - bucket folding B
B - Arm opening - bucket opening
A
C - Arm folding - bucket opening N
C
D - Arm folding - bucket folding
D
109
20 - PATTERN CHANGE CONTROL LEVER

(if provided and only for the version with servo-as-
sisted backhoe)
WARNING B
D
q Before using the pattern change control lever to modify
the machine’s operating pattern, lower the equipment to
the ground and stop the engine.
20
q After changing the control operating pattern, carry out
the first manoeuvres slowly and very carefully, in order
RKAB4490
to understand the new controls correctly and to avoid
any damage or fatal injury that may be caused by incor-
rect movements.
q After changing the control operating pattern and before
checking the movements of the machine, make sure that
the area is clear of obstacles and that no one is standing C
in the range of movement of the machine.
D
The pattern change control is positioned on the rear central
part of the cab floor and allows the operator to choose the con-
trol pattern he prefers. 20
The pattern change control lever (20) has two positions:
RKAB4500
q Pos. 1: ISO PATTERN control system
Lever in position B.
q Pos. 2: OPTION PATTERN control system
Lever in position C.
The control lever (20) is held in its position by means of a safe-
ty screw (D). When it is necessary to change the control pat-
tern, raise the mat and loosen the safety screw (D) until A
releasing the lever (20) completely.
Select the desired control pattern by rotating the lever (20)
horizontally and secure it in its position by means of the safety
screw (D). Put back the mat.
IMPORTANT RKAB4450
q All movements of the boom and the equipment are in-

hibited when the safety button (A) is in locking position
(LED on) (see "3.3.2 pos. 12 - SERVO CONTROL LOCK-
ING BUTTON").
q Before moving the machine the operator must make E E
sure that the control pattern selected with the lever (20)
corresponds perfectly to the control pattern indicated
on the front part of the respective joysticks. If neces-
sary, turn the corresponding plates (E) by 180°.
RKA15120
110
3.3.6.3 ADJUSTING THE CONTROLS
1 - Steering wheel adjusting lever

2 - Joystick locking levers
(only for the version with servo-assisted backhoe)
1
3 - Arm support adjusting knob
4 - Joystick end-of-stroke adjusting knob
RKAB3230
2
3
4
RKA15370
3 2
4
RKA15380
1 - STEERING WHEEL ADJUSTING LEVER
WARNING
q The steering wheel can be adjusted only with engine off
and the operator seated in the driving position. 1
q Before using the machine, make sure that both the
steering wheel and the adjusting lever are locked.
Non-compliance with these instructions may lead to se-
rious accidents.
RKAB3230
The lever (1) is positioned under the steering wheel and allows
the latter to be adjusted according to the physical structure of
the operator.
Different inclinations are possible and angular movements can
be obtained after lifting the lever (1); once the desired position
has been reached, release the lever.
111
2 JOYSTICK LOCKING LEVERS

WARNING
q Before operating the locking levers to adjust the posi-
tion of the joysticks, lower the work equipment to the
ground and stop the engine.
q Adjust the joysticks remaining seated in the driving po-
sition.
q Before rotating the joysticks, make sure that the safety
RKA15390
button is in locking position (LED on) (see "3.3.2 pos.
12 - SERVO CONTROL LOCKING BUTTON").
The levers (2) are positioned under the arm supports and al- 2
low the corresponding joysticks to be released. It is possible to
turn both joysticks to the desired operating position by simply
pressing the levers (2). Once the desired position has been
reached, release the levers to lock the joysticks.
IMPORTANT
q The joysticks must always be turned moderately, trying
to accompany them until they reach the desired posi-
tions. RKA15400
q At the end of digging operations with the backhoe, al-

ways shift both joysticks back to the vertical position.
3 ARM SUPPORT ADJUSTING KNOB

WARNING A
q The operator must adjust the arm supports while seated B
in the driving position, before starting work and with the
machine completely still. 3
q Before carrying out this operation make sure that the
servo control locking button is in locking position (LED
on) (see "3.3.2 pos. 12 - SERVO CONTROL LOCKING C RKA15410
BUTTON").
These knobs allow the corresponding arm supports (A) to be

positioned at the desired height.
To release and adjust the arm supports, turn both knobs (3)
counterclockwise, as indicated by the arrow (B).
After the adjustment, turn the knobs (3) clockwise, until locking
them as indicated by the arrow (C).
IMPORTANT
q After carrying out the adjustment, make sure that the
knobs (3) and the arm supports (A) are fixed.
112
4 JOYSTICK STROKE ADJUSTING KNOB

WARNING
q The adjustment of the joystick stroke must be carried
out before starting work and with the machine complete-
ly still.
q Before carrying out this operation make sure that the
servo control locking button is in locking position (LED
on) (see "3.3.2 pos. 12 - SERVO CONTROL LOCKING
BUTTON").
These knobs are positioned on the cab floor, on the front part
of each joystick support. They serve to adjust the stroke of 4
both joysticks in operating position.
For the adjustment, proceed as follows:
1 - After releasing the joysticks, lower them completely until
RKA15420
reaching the end of stroke. If they are excessively in-
clined, reduce the stroke by turning the knobs (4) clock-
wise, as indicated by the arrow (A).
If, on the other hand, it is necessary to increase the stroke B
in order to obtain a more inclined position of the joysticks,
turn the knobs (4) counterclockwise, as indicated by the
arrow (B).
2 - After adjusting both joysticks, make sure that their posi- A
tion is within the desired values.
If an adjustment should be necessary, proceed as follows:It is
42
also possible to adjust the stroke of the joysticks when they
are not used and are in vertical position. Once they have been
lifted, make sure that the safety distance between the joystick RKA15430
(C) and the rear window (D) is sufficient to avoid any contact
(approximately 60 mm).
If an adjustment should be necessary, proceed as follows:
60 mm
1 - To increase the distance between the joystick (C) and the C
rear window (D), loosen the stop nut (E) and turn the ad-
justing screw (F) clockwise.
To decrease the distance between the joystick and the D
rear window, turn the adjusting screw (F) counterclock-
wise.
Use a 17 mm hex wrench.
2 - Make sure that the distance complies with the safety limits
and tighten the stop nut (E) thoroughly. RKA15440
IMPORTANT
q The joysticks must always be turned moderately, trying
to accompany them until they reach the desired posi-
tion.
E F
q After adjusting the stroke of both joysticks, make sure
that all fastening elements are correctly tightened.
RKAB4860
113
FUSES AND RELAYS
3.4 FUSES AND RELAYS

IMPORTANT
q When changing a fuse, make sure that the ignition key is in position « ».
q If the fuses are oxidized, corroded or do not fit perfectly in their seat, replace them only with new fuses
having the same capacity.
q If the engine does not run when the ignition switch is brought to pos. « » START, check the engine
start fuse and if necessary change it.
3.4.1 CENTRAL UNIT FUSES – RELAYS

AND ENGINE LINE
The fuses and relays are grouped on a single base positioned
in the right body side of the cab. They can be reached by re- 1
moving the cover (1).
The following tables indicate the characteristics and the func-
tions of the single fuses and relays.
RKAB3240
RKAB3250
3.4.1.1 FUSES
POSITION COLOUR CAPACITY (A) CIRCUIT INVOLVED
F1 Light blue 15 Central front work lights
F2 Light blue 15 Central rear work lights
Front left and rear right parking light, parking light warning light, instru-
F3 Violet 3
ment backlighting
F4 Violet 3 Front right and rear left parking light, cigarette lighter light
F5 Red 10 Front horn
F6 Light blue 15 Lateral rear work lights
F7 Brown 7,5 Rear windshield wiper, rear horn
F8 Brown 7,5 Stop lights, stop light relay
F9 Light blue 15 Lateral front work lights
F10 Red 10 Front windshield wiper, windshield washer pump
F11 Brown 7,5 Boom locking solenoid valve, plate locking solenoid valve
Buzzer power supply, general alarm power supply, instrument and
F12 Orange 5
front dashboard warning light power supply
Optional equipment power supply, differential locking solenoid valve, 4
F13 Red 10
WD solenoid valve
114
FUSES AND RELAYS
F14 Red 10 High beam relay, low beam relay, horn relay, safety valve solenoid valves
F15 Red 10 Engine stop solenoid, ancillary functions relay, air conditioner relay
F16 Red 10 Revolving light power supply
F17 Red 10 Hour counter memory, hazard warning light
F18 Red 10 Cigarette lighter power supply, overhead light
F19 Light blue 15 Left low beam, right low beam
F20 Light blue 15 Left high beam, right high beam
Return-to-dig sensor power supply, LSS solenoid valve, loader arm
F21 Red 10 floating device solenoid valve, return-to-dig solenoid valve, direction
indicator
Servo control locking solenoid valve, EC power solenoid valve, PPC
F22 Brown 7,5
power supply
F23 Red 10 Steering unit
F24 Brown 7,5 Direction indicator power supply
Declutch relay, forward gear solenoid valve, reverse gear solenoid
F25 Red 10
valve, reverse alarm
General system fuse, ignition key, start relay, pre-heating consent,
F27 - 175
heating power supply
F11 F12 F13 F14 F15

7.5
7.5
7.5
10
10
10
10
10
15
15
15
15
3
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10
K1 K2
7.5
7.5
10
10
15
15
10
10
10
10
F16 F17 F18 F19 F20 F21 F22 F23 F24 F25
K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
RKA14610
F27
RKAB3260
115
FUSES AND RELAYS
3.4.1.2 RELAYS
F11 F12 F13 F14 F15
7.5
7.5
7.5
10
10
10
10
10
15
15
15
15
3
5
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10
K1 K2
7.5
7.5
10
10
15
15
10
10
10
10
F16 F17 F18 F19 F20 F21 F22 F23 F24 F25
K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
RKA14610
POSITION DESCRIPTION
K1 Safety unit (against repeated start) K13
K2 Blinking K12
K3 Low beam relay
K4 High beam relay
K5 Front horn relay
K6 Return-to-dig relay
RKAB3280
K7 Stop light relay
K8 Start enabling relay

K15
K9 Forward gear relay
K10 Reverse relay
K11 Direction indicator power supply relay (declutch)
K12 Machine functions relay
K13 Start relay
K14 Glow plug preheating relay
K15 Multifunction unit
K14
RKAB3270
116
FUSES AND RELAYS
3.4.2 VENTILATION, HEATING AND AIR

CONDITIONING FUSES AND 1
RELAYS
The fuses and relays are grouped on a single base positioned
under the storage compartment and can be reached after
opening the door (1) and removing the container (2).
The following tables indicate the characteristics and the func-
tions of the single fuses and relays.
RKAB4830
RKAB4840
3.4.2.1 FUSES
POSITION COLOUR CAPACITY (A) CIRCUIT INVOLVED
1 Yellow 20 1st and 2nd fan speed power supply
2 Orange 40 3rd fan speed power supply
3 Brown 7,5 Air conditioning compressor
3.4.2.2 RELAYS
POSITION DESCRIPTION
4 3rd fan speed relay
5 General heating relay
6 Air conditioning compressor relay
3 4
6
1 2
RKAB4930 RKAB3290
117
GUARDS, CAB AND DRIVER’S SEAT
3.5 GUARDS, CAB AND DRIVER’S SEAT
3.5.1 ENGINE HOOD
WARNING
q Do not open the engine hood when the engine is running.
q Do not use the machine without engine hood and do not start the engine when the hood is open, unless
this is expressly prescribed for certain maintenance operations.
q Before opening the hood, lower the equipment to the ground and apply the parking brake.
q Before carrying out any maintenance operation inside the engine compartment, park the machine on
firm and flat ground, lift the loader arm and engage the safety lock.
q Non-compliance with these rules may lead to serious accidents.
After releasing the lock, press the push button (1), raise the
hood (2) and open it completely.
To close the hood, lower it slowly and push it downwards until 2
the lock snaps.
Lock the hood.
1
RKAB3310
RKAB3320
118
3.5.2 CAB
WARNING
q The cab is ROPS-FOPS homologated; if it is subjected to an impact for any reason or if the machine
overturns, immediately contact your Komatsu Dealer to have the cab replaced.
q The cab is equipped with two doors: the left door is the one to be used to get on and off the cab, while
the right door is to be used as emergency exit.
q Before starting the machine, make sure that the right door (emergency door) is not locked.
The cab’s rear window can be opened completely; once opened, this window must be secured to the upper part of
the cab, parallel to the roof.
The side windows can be opened partially or completely, even if the doors are completely closed. These solutions
are particularly useful during the summer, since they ensure constant air circulation and therefore reduced stress
for the operator.
The rear door (1) can be opened only after releasing the cou-
plings (2), by pulling and lifting the window itself; once the win-
dow has been positioned, the couplings (2) must be fitted in 2
the upper safety elements.
RKAB3330
119
The rear side windows can be opened partially or completely.

To open them partially, proceed as follows: A
1 - Release the lever (3) from the lower coupling pin (4), fol- 3
lowing the direction indicated by the arrow shown in Fig-
ure (A).
4
RKAB3350
2 - Lift the lever (3) with a simple sliding movement and at the
same time push the lever toward the outside of the cab. B
After lifting the lever (3), push its end downwards in order 3
to engage it in the upper coupling pin (5), as shown in Fig- 5
ure (B).
RKAB3360
If it is necessary to open the rear side windows completely,

proceed as follows: C
1 - Release the lever (3) from the upper coupling pin (5) fol- 3
lowing the direction indicated by the arrow shown in Fig- 5
ure (C).
RKAB3370
2 - With the window open, lower the lever (3) until engaging it
in the lower coupling pin (4), as shown in Figure (D). D
3
RKAB3380
120
3 - Rotate the rear side windows towards the front of the ma-
chine, until engaging the coupling (6) in the rubber ele- E
ment (7), as shown in Figure (E). 6
To close the rear side windows, turn the knob (8) and release 7
the rubber element (7) from the coupling (6). Close the side
windows and couple the lever (3) to the lower pin (4), as indi-
cated in the Figure (A).
IMPORTANT
q When the rear side windows are partially open or com-
pletely closed, they must always be locked by engaging
RKAB3390
the lever (3) with the lower (4) or upper (5) coupling pin.
q When the rear side windows are rotated towards the
front of the machine in order to open them completely,
make sure that they are perfectly fixed in the relevant
rubber elements (7).
8
q Periodically lubricate the rubber elements (7) with spe-
cific greases, in order to facilitate the coupling opera-
tion.
RKAB3400
On request the cab access doors can be opened also partially;

the partial opening is obtained by fitting the retainers (9) in the
recesses (10) provided in the handle supports.
IMPORTANT
q The doors must always be secured with the retainers (9)
or closed.
9
RKAB3410
10
RKAB3420
121
3.5.3 VENTILATION AND HEATING

The ventilation and heating of the cab serve to reduce the opera- 1
tor’s stress both in summer and in winter; these functions also
serve to eliminate condensate from the front window, thus ensur-
ing visibility during both work and travel.
Ventilation and air change are achieved by means of a 3-speed
fan, which is assembled on the outside of the machine, under the
cab, and is operated with a selector (3).
The air suction is protected by a filter positioned on the right side
of the cab, while air distribution is obtained through a series of ad-
justable vents with variable flow rate (1) for the side flows or RKAB3340
through the vents (2) for the flows that serve to defrost and defog
the front window.
A radiator having the function to heat the air conveyed into the
cab is installed beside the fan; this is used in the cold season and
receives the hot water necessary for the heat exchange directly
from the engine cooling circuit.
2
The water supply flow is partialized or excluded by means of a
cock operated by the knob (4). The intensity of the hot water flow
can be increased by turning the knob (4) clockwise.
NOTE
q If the operator deems it necessary, the machine can be
equipped with air conditioning system in addition to the ventila-
tion and heating system. This is particularly useful in the hot RKAB3430
season, when the temperatures are rather high.

For further information on the use of the air conditioning system,
see "3.5.4 AIR CONDITIONER (if installed)".
RKAB3440
3
1
RKAB3470 RKAB3450
122
3.5.4 AIR CONDITIONER (if installed)
WARNING
q The coolant used in the air conditioning system is very dangerous. If it is sprayed into the eyes or in
case of contact with the skin, wash with plenty of water and consult a doctor without delay. Furthermore,
to avoid any explosion, do not generate sparks and do not use naked flames near the air conditioner.
q The coolant contained in the air conditioning system is considered special waste and must be collected
and disposed of according to the antipollution regulations in force.
q For specific maintenance operations to be performed on the air conditioning system, contact your Ko-
matsu Dealer. Non-compliance with these instructions may cause serious damage and even death.
The cab ventilation and cooling functions have the specific

purpose to reduce the operator’s stress when the outside tem- 4 1
perature is particularly high.
Ventilation and air change are achieved by means of a 3-
speed fan which is built in the air conditioning system and as- 2
sembled on the outside of the machine, under the cab. The
ventilation can be adjusted via the selector (2).
The ventilation and cooling system ensures air suction both
3
from the outside and the inside of the cab.
Air suction from the outside is protected by means of a filter
positioned on the right side of the cab, while air suction from
the inside (recirculation) is protected by means of an internal RKAB3480
filter (5) positioned on the right mudguard, under the storage

compartment.
The internal air recirculation ensures quicker cooling and is
very useful when working in areas where air pollution is con-
siderable (tunnels, dusty places, small or badly ventilated
rooms, etc.). Air recirculation is obtained by rotating the knob
(4) completely clockwise. 5
NOTE
q Do not use the air recirculation function too long in rainy or
cold days, since this would increase the fogging of the inside
of the windows.
RKAB4880
123
Air distribution is obtained by means of a series of adjustable

vents with variable flow rate (6) and (7), both for the air flow in-
side the cab and for the air flow with defogging function. 6 6
For air recirculation inside the cab distribution is obtained by
means of an adjustable vent with variable flow rate (8).
IMPORTANT
q At the beginning of the summer and before using the air
conditioner, clean the suction filters (see "4.8.1.b
CHECKING AND CLEANING THE CAB AIR FILTER" and
"4.8.1.c CHECKING AND CLEANING THE AIR RECIRCU-
RKAB3500
LATION FILTER (only for machines with air condition-
er)").
q During the season clean the filters periodically, with
time intervals to be fixed according to the environment
in which the machine operates (min. every 5 days - max.
every 15 days). 6 6
q Before operating the air conditioner, interrupt the circu-
lation of hot water in the engine by rotating the valve (9)
positioned in the engine compartment clockwise.
The air conditioner can be started by means of the switch (1)

positioned on the side dashboard.
After starting the air conditioner (LED on), turn the knob (3)
completely counterclockwise and adjust the ventilation flow by RKAB4940
means of the selector (2).
IMPORTANT
q It is advisable to start the air conditioner only with low
engine rpm and not during acceleration, to avoid dam-
aging the system and breaking the compressor drive
belt.
7
CAUTION
q Even in the periods in which the air conditioner is not
used, operate the compressor at low speed for approxi-
mately 3-5 minutes at least once a month. This opera-
tion ensures the lubrication of all the moving parts of
the compressor. RKAB4680
9 8
RKAB3530 RKAB4850
124
3.5.5 SEAT
3.5.5.1 SEAT (STANDARD)
The seat is really comfortable, in fact it features five different A
adjustment options:
a - longitudinal position;
C
b - back inclination;
c - degree of suspension, in order to dampen the inevitable
vibrations and jumps as much as possible;
d - height and cushion inclination;
6
e - rotation for works with the backhoe. B
RKAB3540
The operator can choose the driving position that is most suit-
able for his physical structure and according to the angular ad-
justment of the steering wheel.
A
The longitudinal adjustment of the seat can be carried out by
means of the lever (1), making the seat slide on the apposite
guides; once the desired position has been found, release the
lever and make small movements with the seat to make sure 3
that the retainer pin is correctly engaged in its seat.
The back can be adjusted by operating the levers (2) and at
the same time exerting pressure with the back; the back will
automatically adapt to the physical structure of the operator.
The adjustment of the suspension is carried out with the snap RKAB3550
lever (3) and can be controlled by observing the position of the
indicator (4).
The operator must carry out this adjustment while seated; the
right suspension degree is reached when the indicator is posi- B
tioned in correspondence with the seat frame.
If the indicator protrudes from the frame, it is necessary to op-
erate the lever (3) with the (+) mark on the grip towards the op- 5
erator; if the indicator is positioned inward with respect to the
frame, the lever (3) must be operated with the (–) mark on the
grip towards the operator. 1
The seat cushion inclination and height can be adjusted by
means of the lever (5); three height positions and five different
inclination options are available. RKAB3560
The rotation of the seat for works with the backhoe is obtained
by operating the release lever (6); the locking is automatically
carried out every 180°. C
2
CAUTION
q The seat is equipped with a safety system that sends
out an acoustic alarm if the reversing gear control lever
is operated while the seat isn’t in the correct frontal po-
sition.
4
RKAB3570
125
3.5.5.2 SEAT (OPTIONAL)

The seat is really comfortable, in fact it features six different
adjustment options:
- longitudinal position;
- back inclination;
- degree of suspension, in order to cushion the inevitable vi-
brations and jumps as much as possible;
- height and cushion inclination;
3 5
- armrest position; 6
- rotation for works with the backhoe.
The operator can choose the driving position that is most suit- 2
able for his physical structure and according to the angular ad-
justment of the steering wheel.
The longitudinal adjustment of the seat can be carried out by
means of the lever (1), making the seat slide on the apposite
guides; once the desired position has been found, release the
4
lever and make small movements with the seat to make sure
1
that the retainer pin is correctly engaged in its seat.
The back can be adjusted by operating the levers (2) and at
the same time exerting pressure with the back; the back will
automatically adapt to the physical structure of the operator. RKA14000
The degree of suspension can be adjusted by rotating the

knob (3) and checking the graduated scale on the knob itself.
The ideal position is reached when the weight indicated on the
scale corresponds to the operator’s weight. In any case, the
operator can choose the degree of suspension at his sole dis-
cretion.
Turn the knob (3) clockwise ( ) to obtain a more rigid suspen-
sion, or counterclockwise to obtain a softer suspension.
The inclination and the height of the cushion can be adjusted
by means of the levers (4).
To facilitate access to the seat, both armrests can be rotated
and positioned against the back.
The inclination of the armrests can be adjusted with the knobs
(5) that are positioned under the armrests.
The rotation of the seat for works with the backhoe is obtained
by operating the release lever (6); the locking is automatically
carried out every 180°.
CAUTION
q The seat is equipped with a safety system that sends
out an acoustic alarm if the reversing gear control lever
is operated while the seat isn’t in the correct frontal po-
sition.
126
3.5.6 SAFETY BELT
WARNING
q Fasten the safety belt before starting the engine.
1
q The safety belt must be changed when it is frayed, dam-
aged or worn and in any case every 4 years.
The safety belt (1) is of the type with two coupling points and 2
adjustable length (2); it must be well tightened and hold the
operator’s hips, while leaving the upper part of his body com- RWA02870
pletely free.
3.5.7 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
CAUTION
q The machine’s owner must provide for positioning the
fire extinguisher where prescribed. 1
q Periodically make sure that the fire extinguisher is full.
If the operator fears that he may need a fire extinguisher (1) on

the machine, he must position it on the appropriate hole pro-
vided on the left console. RKAB3590
3.5.8 FIRST AID KIT
CAUTION 1
q Periodically make sure that the first aid kit contains the
necessary disinfectants, bandages, medicins, etc. and
check their condition and expiry date.
The first aid kit case (1) must be positioned inside the cab, and
precisely in the compartment provided on the left body side, by
the owner of the machine. RKAB3600
3.5.9 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION
CAUTION
q The operation manual and the spare parts catalogue are
integral parts of the machine and must accompany it
even in case of resale.
The manual must be handled with care and always kept on the
machine, so that it can be quickly consulted when necessary;
keep the manual in the rear compartment of the seat, where
the ownership documents and the logbook are usually stored. RKAB3610
127
3.5.10 STORAGE COMPARTMENT

A storage compartment (1) has been obtained on the inner 2
side of the right mudguard and can be reached after opening
the door (2).
The door is equipped with a lock (3). 3
RKAB4700
RKAB4710
128
USE OF THE MACHINE
3.6 USE OF THE MACHINE
3.6.1 CHECKS TO BE CARRIED OUT BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE

3.6.1.1 VISUAL CHECKS
WARNING
q Dirt, oil and fuel in the engine compartment near hot parts may damage the machine and even cause
fires.
Check frequently and eliminate any leakage; if leakages occur repeatedly, contact your Komatsu Dealer.
Before starting the engine, check around and under the machine to verify:
1 - if there are loose screws or nuts;
2 - if there are oil, fuel or coolant leakages;
3 - the wear of the work equipment;
4 - the fastening of the electrical connections;
5 - the fastening of the engine exhaust pipe and manifold;
6 - the conditions of the rims and the wear of the tyres;
7 - if the safety and warning plates are sufficiently clean;
8 - if the ladders and the handles for the access to the operator’s seat are clean.
Any leak or anomaly must immediately be repaired/eliminated and any trace of oil or grease must be removed.
Further visual checks concern:
9 - the condition of the safety belt;
10 - the efficiency of the instruments and of the dashboard;
11 - the condition of the cab windows and the efficiency of lights, work lights and direction indicators.10 - the effi-
ciency of the instruments and of the dashboard;
3.6.1.2 DAILY CHECKS
WARNING
q Do not smoke while refuelling and adding oil and avoid using naked flames or non-homologated lighting
means to check the fuel or oil level, in order not to cause fires.
q If some fuel, oil, or lubricant is spilled while filling the tanks, clean the dirty areas immediately.
Before starting any operation, check the engine coolant, engine oil and hydraulic circuit oil levels and lubricate the
articulations (see “4.8.4 MAINTENANCE EVERY 10 HOURS OF OPERATION”).
At the end of work, provide for refuelling, in order to avoid the formation of condensate, always checking the fuel
level on the indicator provided on the dashboard.
IMPORTANT
q Avoid filling the tank completely, in order to leave room for the gas oil to expand.
q After filling the tank, put back the filler cap, making sure that the bleed hole is completely open.
q Check the engine oil level with the machine in horizontal position and the hydraulic circuit oil level with
the front bucket resting on the ground and the backhoe in transport position.
129
USE OF THE MACHINE
3.6.1.2 OPERATIONAL CHECKS
WARNING
q All the checks must be carried out by the operator while seated, with fastened safety belt.
q When the machine is at rest after use or maintenance, some safety locks may not be engaged; when the
operator gets into the cab, he must make sure that all the mechanical safety locks are engaged and that
the equipment cannot move suddenly and create dangerous situations.
The checks are intended to verify:

1 - if the safety locks of the front bucket and the backhoe
control levers are engaged;
2 - the hand accelerator idling position;
3 - the reversing gear neutral position;
4 - if the gearshift lever is in neutral;
5 - if the parking brake is applied.
The following check is carried out by turning the ignition key to
position « » to apply voltage to the control panel and check the
functionality of the acoustic alarm, the fuel level indicator and
the engine oil pressure, generator, preheating, parking brake
RWA01960
warning lights.
NOTE
q The acoustic alarm sounds and the warning lights remain on
for approximately 3 seconds.
130
USE OF THE MACHINE
3.6.2 STARTING THE ENGINE
WARNING
q Before starting the engine, carefully read the instructions and information regarding safety given in this
manual and make sure that you know the controls.
From the moment in which the engine is started, the operator is directly responsible for any damage that
may be caused by wrong manoeuvres and non-compliance with the safety regulations and the rule of
the road.
q Before starting the engine, disconnect all electric devices (heating, air conditioning, lights, work lights,
etc.).
q Before starting the engine, make sure that there is no one within the range of movement of the machine
and sound the horn.
q Before starting the engine, make sure that the gearshift and reversing gear levers are in neutral position.
A safety device does not allow the machine to be started with engaged gears or selected travel direction.
The machine is also equipped with an acoustic alarm that is activated when the operator, with the engine
running, shifts the reversing gear lever from the neutral position with the seat rotated and not in the cor-
rect driving position.
3.6.2.1 STARTING WITH WARM ENGINE OR IN

TEMPERATE CLIMATES
1 - Press the accelerator pedal completely and turn the igni-
tion key to position « » (START).
2 - As soon as the engine starts, release the ignition key,
which will automatically return to position « » and reduce
the speed to idling.
IMPORTANT
q If the engine does not start within 15 seconds, release
the key, which will automatically return to position « » RKAB3620
and wait 15 seconds before trying again.
RWA01970
RWA01980
131
USE OF THE MACHINE
3.6.2.2 STARTING WITH COLD ENGINE OR IN

COLD CLIMATES
WARNING
q Do not use any fluids or products that facilitate the cold
starting of the engine, since these are ether-based and
may cause explosions.
q Before starting the engine, disconnect all the electric
devices (heating, air conditioning, lights, work lights,
etc.). RKAB3620
q Perform the heating operation carefully. If the machine

is not properly warmed up before operating the control
levers, its response to the controls will be slow and this
may cause unexpected accidents.
q If the battery electrolyte is frozen, do not charge the bat-
tery or start the engine with a different power source,
since the battery may catch fire.
Before charging the battery or starting the engine with a
different power source, make the electrolyte melt and
make sure that it isn't frozen any more and that there are
no leaks.
1 - Turn the key to the preheating position « » for maximum RWA01990
15 seconds in the coldest weather.

The preheating time is determined according to the out-
side temperature and the ratio is approx. 1 second for
each degree below 0°C.
2 - Press the accelerator pedal completely and turn the igni-
tion key to position « » (START) for maximum 15 sec-
onds.
3 - As soon as the engine starts, release the ignition key,
which will automatically return to position « » and reduce
the speed to idling.
IMPORTANT
RWA01970
q If the engine does not start at the first attempt, repeat
the operations 1 and 2 after waiting for at least 30 sec-
onds, in order not to overload the battery.
q For specific applications in cold climates, request the
"COLD ARRANGEMENT" configuration to your Komat-
su Dealer
RWA01980
132
USE OF THE MACHINE
3.6.3 WARMING THE ENGINE

1 - After starting the engine, let it warm up before starting work.
2 - The ideal warming up of the engine is achieved with a constant speed of 1200 rpm, obtained with the hand ac-
celerator (see "3.3.6 pos. 7 - HAND ACCELERATOR").
IMPORTANT
q Do not accelerate completely or abruptly until the coolant temperature has reached at least 60°C, which
can be checked through the indicator provided on the dashboard.
3 - To reduce the time necessary to warm up the engine, accelerate now and then, up to maximum 1800 rpm.
4 - While warming up the engine, check the colour of the exhaust gas and be careful to anomalous noises or vi-
brations; any abnormal situation must be examined thoroughly and its cause must be immediately eliminated.
3.6.4 HEATING THE HYDRAULIC OIL

When warming up the engine, especially in the cold season, it is advisable to heat also the hydraulic system oil.
For this purpose, when the coolant temperature has reached approximately 60°C, proceed as follows:
1 - Press the front loader release button (LED off) (see "3.3.2 pos. 12 - SERVO CONTROL LOCKING BUT-
TON").
2 - Lift and rotate the front bucket slowly and completely for several times.
3 - Lower the bucket to the ground and press the button again (LED on) to lock the control lever.
4 - Rotate the seat and release the backhoe control levers (see "3.1.2 BACKHOE LOCKS").
5 - Extend and retract the arm and the bucket completely for several times.
6 - Lock the levers again and rotate the seat to the driving position.
IMPORTANT
q On machines equipped with backhoe servo controls, the movements of the levers are inhibited by the
front loader locking button (see "3.3.2 pos. 12 - SERVO CONTROL LOCKING BUTTON").
133
USE OF THE MACHINE
3.6.5 HOW TO MOVE THE MACHINE
WARNING
q Before moving the machine, make sure that you know
the control functions and all the relevant safety regula-
tions perfectly.
q The operator must be seated in the driving position with
fastened safety belt and must have checked the position
of the rear-view mirrors.
q Before moving the machine, make sure that there is no RKAB3660
one within the range of movement of the machine and

that there are no obstacles in the surrounding area.
q Be extremely careful when engaging the reverse and
make sure that there are no persons, other equipment or
obstacles in the way.
q The brake pedals must be connected with the special
pin provided for this purpose.
Before moving the machine, check the instruments, warm up

the engine, heat the hydraulic oil, and make sure that the sta-
bilizers have been raised and that both the front bucket and
the backhoe are in transport position. RKAB2810
The control levers must be in the neutral position (N).
At this point, release the parking brake.
Proceed as follows:
1 - Select the travel direction, by shifting the control lever (1)
F
forward (F) or backward (R).
2 - Select the gear by means of the gearshift lever (2).
3 - Accelerate gradually using the accelerator pedal. 1
IMPORTANT N R
q The travel direction must be selected with the engine at
low rpm, in order to avoid abrupt accelerations.
q For the operation of the gearshift and its functions, see RKAB3150
"3.3.6 pos. 5 - GEARSHIFT LEVER".
q To shift gears, it is necessary to operate the declutch
button (see "3.3.6 pos. 10 - DECLUTCH PUSH BUT-
TON").
1 3
If it is necessary to shift down, first reduce the engine
q
rpm and then shift down. N
q If it is necessary to reverse, slow down by putting on the
brakes before operating the reversing gear lever. 2 4 2
RKAB3630
134
USE OF THE MACHINE
3.6.5.1 DIFFERENTIAL LOCKING
WARNING
q This device can be used only with the 1st, 2nd or 3rd gear
engaged, either forward or reverse.
The differential must be locked with the machine at rest
or at very low speed. 1
q The release of the differential takes place automatically
when the axles transmit the same load as before, that is,
when the two-wheel drive is engaged.
RKAB3640
This device is useful when the machine must work on muddy

or loose ground or when the machine gets stuck in mud.
The differential can be locked by pressing the button (1) posi-
tioned on the front bucket control lever, with the rear wheels at
rest.
In exceptional cases the locking of the differential can be per-
formed even with the machine running straight at very low
speed, that is, with the rear wheels turning at the same speed.
3.6.5.2 ENGAGING THE FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE
WARNING 1
q The four-wheel drive must be engaged only with ma-
chine at rest or travelling at low speed.
q When travelling on roads or removing the machine, dis-
engage the four-wheel drive.
The four-wheel drive can be engaged and disengaged by

means of the switch (1) positioned on the front dashboard. RKAB3650
It is normally used when the machine must move on muddy,
icy, gravelly ground, on slopes and in any situation in which it
is difficult to move the machine.
The four-wheel drive must be used even when the machine is
provided with optional equipment to be employed as snow-
plough.
IMPORTANT
q The four-wheel drive is automatically engaged when the
machine brakes and only in 4th gear.
135
USE OF THE MACHINE
3.6.5.3 WORKING ON SLOPES
WARNING
q Before starting work on slopes, always check the func-
tionality of the brakes and of the parking brake.
q Always engage the four-wheel drive.
q Avoid engaging the high gears.
q Do not move downhill with the gearshift in neutral, but
keep always the low gears engaged.
NON-COMPLIANCE WITH THESE RULES MAY CAUSE RKA13460
YOU TO LOSE CONTROL OF THE MACHINE AND THIS

MAY OVERTURN.
RKA13470
q Avoid using the declutch push button.
When working on slopes some precautions should be taken to

avoid risks for the operator and anyone in the vicinity; the
checks and operations to be carried out are the following:
1 - Always check the work area for snow, landslips, gravel,
loose ground and anything that may suddenly modify the
work conditions and the stability of the machine.
2 - When it is necessary to travel downhill, the front bucket
must always be directed downward, in transport position.
3 - When loading or travelling uphill, the front bucket must al-
ways be directed upward.
4 - When moving the machine during work, always lower the
front bucket.
5 - Carry out any lateral movement on a flat surface at the
beginning or at the end of the slope; if this is not possible,
move obliquely, keeping the machine axis as parallel to
the slope directrix as possible.
Do not move too obliquely, or, even worse, with the ma-
chine axis rotated by 90° with respect to the slope direc-
trix.
136
USE OF THE MACHINE
3.6.5.4 MAXIMUM IMMERSION DEPTH
WARNING
q If it is necessary to work with the machine immersed in water or on river banks or sea shores, always
check the water depth and the current flow.
q Make sure that the surface on which you are working is sufficiently firm.
If it is necessary to work with the machine immersed in water, make sure that the maximum depth does not exceed
50 cm and in any case that the engine cooling fan does not touch the water, since it may get damaged or even
break.
50 cm
CAUTION
q When working in water or on muddy ground, lubricate the articulations more frequently than usual.
q After work, remove any dirt or mud and lubricate the articulations.
137
PARKING THE MACHINE
3.7 PARKING THE MACHINE

3.7.1 PARKING ON LEVEL GROUND
WARNING
q Park the machine on firm and flat ground, in a sufficient-
ly wide space, so that checks, daily lubrication and refu-
elling can be carried out without problems.
q Lower the front bucket to the ground and set the back-
hoe to the transport position or with the bucket resting
on the ground.
q Keep to all the safety rules, in order to avoid any move-
RKAB2800
ment of the machine when the operator is absent.
q When leaving the machine, remove the ignition key, use
the ladders and handles, lock the cab.
1 - Park the machine on firm and level ground, in a sufficient-

ly wide space.
2 - Shift the reversing gear lever to position (N) and apply the
parking brake.
3 - Rest the front bucket and the backhoe bucket onto the
ground; if this is not possible because the space is insuffi-
cient, the backhoe must be folded in the transport position
and secured with the appropriate lock.
4 - Press the servo control locking button (LED on). RKAB2760
5 - Engage the safety lock of the mechanical controls

NOTE
q On machines equipped with backhoe servo controls, all
movements are inhibited when the servo control locking but-
ton is in locking position (LED on).
6 - Stop the engine, proceeding as described in "3.8 STOP-
PING THE ENGINE".
7 - Leave the driving position using the ladders and handles
provided for this purpose.
8 - Refuel, taking the necessary precautions.
9 - Remove the ignition key and lock the cab. RKAB2780
RKA14620
138
PARKING THE MACHINE
3.7.2 PARKING ON SLOPES
WARNING
q Any movement of the machine when the operator is not
on board may cause serious accidents and even death;
to prevent this, carry out the operations described be-
low.
q Park on slopes only when it is absolutely necessary.
q Park only with the front bucket directed downwards.
RKA13750
1 - Park the machine with the front bucket directed downwards
and resting against an obstacle.
If this is not possible due to the absence of natural obsta-
cles, rotate the bucket in dumping position and thrust the
teeth into the ground.
parking brake.
3 - Operate the backhoe controls until the bucket teeth are in
digging position and thrust them into the ground.
4 - Press the servo control locking button (LED on).
5 - Engage the safety lock of the mechanical controls.
NOTE
q On machines equipped with backhoe servo controls, all RKA13760
movements are inhibited when the servo control locking but-
ton is in locking position (LED on).
6 - Stop the engine, proceeding as described in "3.8 STOP-
PING THE ENGINE".
7 - Leave the driving position using the ladders and handles
provided for this purpose.
8 - Put wedges under the wheels.
9 - Refuel, taking the necessary precautions.
10 - Remove the ignition key and lock the cab.
RKAB2800
RKAB2780 RKAB2760
139
STOPPING THE ENGINE
3.8 STOPPING THE ENGINE

IMPORTANT
q The sudden stop of the engine while it is running short-
ens its life. Do not stop the engine suddenly, except in
case of emergency.
q It is likewise recommended not to stop the engine sud-
denly if it has been running for a long period and is still
hot; in this case, let the engine idle at a minimum speed
of 1200–1300 rpm for about 5 minutes, in order to allow
it to cool down gradually before stopping it. RKAB3620
Before stopping the engine, proceed as follows:

1 - Rest the front loader and backhoe equipment onto the
ground.
2 - Shift the levers to the neutral position and connect the
safety devices.
3 - Shift the hand accelerator lever to the idling position.
parking brake.
Stop the engine by turning the ignition key to position « »
(OFF).
RWA02000
140
3.9 TRANSPORTING THE MACHINE ON OTHER VEHICLES
3.9.1 LOADING AND UNLOADING THE MACHINE
WARNING
q The loading and unloading of the machine on-off the means of transport must be carried out on a flat
surface and at a safety distance from the edges of ditches or from the roadside.
q Block the means of transport by positioning wedges before and behind each wheel.
q Make sure that the ramps are sufficiently strong; if necessary, reinforce them with blocks, in order to
prevent any dangerous bending.
q Make sure that the ramps have the same length, are firmly anchored to the vehicle, are parallel to each
other and perpendicular to the loading board; the distance between the ramps must be suitable for the
wheel gauge of the machine.
q Position the ramps with a maximum inclination of 15°.
q Remove any trace of oil, grease or ice from the ramps and the loading board.
q Do not change direction when the machine is already on the ramps; if necessary, go down and find the
correct direction.
1 - The machine must get on the ramps with the front bucket (1) directed forward and lifted from the ground.
2 - After loading the machine on the truck, lower the front bucket to the ground, shift the gears into NEUTRAL and
apply the parking brake.
3 - Lower the backhoe bucket (2) onto the vehicle, lower the stabilizers (3), lock the loader control and the back-
hoe control levers.
IMPORTANT
q On machines equipped with backhoe servo controls, the movements of the levers are inhibited by the
front loader locking button (see "3.3.2 pos. 12 - SERVO CONTROL LOCKING BUTTON").
4 - Stop the engine and remove the ignition key.
6
5 B
A
Max. 15°
2 3 4 4 5
RKA14630
5 - Secure the machine in the correct position by putting wedges (4) before and behind each wheel.
141
6 - Fix the machine with tie-downs or chains (5) in the an-

chorage points (A - B) indicated by the pictograms (see A
"2.1.1 POSITION OF THE SAFETY PLATES").
7 - Protect the end of the exhaust pipe (6).
RKAB3670
RKAB3680
3.9.2 TRANSPORT
CAUTION
q During transport, the machine must be secured to the vehicle with closed doors and windows.
1 - Check the overall dimensions of the means of transport; the height, width and weight of the means of trans-
port - machine included - must be compatible with the road and any tunnel, underpass, bridge, electric or tele-
phone line that may be found on the way.
2 - Keep to the regulations in force regarding signals, speed limits, road traffic, authorizations, etc.
142
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN THE COLD SEASON
3.10 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN THE COLD SEASON

During the cold season or in areas where temperatures are particularly low, especially during the night, it is neces-
sary to take some countermeasures meant to limit any damage deriving from low temperatures.
3.10.1 FUEL AND LUBRICANTS

1 - Change the fuel and use winter fuel type ASTM D975 N. 1.
2 - Change the engine oil with an oil with suitable viscosity.
For the relevant specifications, see "4.3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS".
3.10.2 COOLANT
WARNING
q The coolant containing antifreeze is flammable; do not smoke and do not use naked flames during the
checks and when preparing the mixture.
1 - Use only red permanent antifreeze suitable for aluminium radiators.

Pure red antifreeze must be diluted with water (50%) to ensure protection down to -36°C.
2 - Do not mix different brands of antifreeze.
3 - The use of red permanent antifreeze requires only the check of the level and the periodical change of the flu-
id. It is not necessary to wash the cooling circuit.
4 - In case of doubt regarding the applicable standards for the use of permanent antifreeze, contact your Komat-
su Dealer, who will supply you with exhaustive and precise information.
143
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN THE COLD SEASON
3.10.3 BATTERY
WARNING
q To avoid explosions due to the presence of gas, do not provoke sparks and do not use naked flames
near the battery.
q The battery electrolyte is dangerous. If it comes in contact with the eyes or the skin, immediately rinse
with plenty of water and consult a doctor without delay.
q To prevent the fluid from freezing, add distilled water in the morning, before starting work.
1 - When the ambient temperature decreases, the battery capacity decreases accordingly and, if the battery
charge is low, the electrolyte may freeze.
Keep the battery completely charged and insulate it to protect it from low temperatures, so that the machine
can be started without problems the following day.
2 - Measure the specific weight of the fluid and check the battery charge percentage, making reference to the fol-
lowing table:
FLUID TEMPERATURE
CHARGE PERCENTAGE
20°C 0°C -10°C -20°C
100% 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31
90% 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29
80% 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27
75% 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26
3.10.4 OTHER PRECAUTIONS

1 - Before using the machine in normal operating conditions, carry out some slow forward and reverse move-
ments, and operate all the bucket and backhoe cylinders slowly more than once.
These operations serve to warm up and fluidize the oil in the hydraulic circuit, the transmission, the axles and
the brakes.
3.10.5 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN AT THE END OF WORK

1 - Remove mud and water completely from the machine body.
Park the machine on firm ground; if the machine must be parked near banks or ditches, park it on wooden
boards in order to distribute the weight of the machine on a larger surface.
2 - Be careful to water drops forming on the hydraulic cylinder rods: these drops must be completely removed,
since if they freeze the cylinder gaskets may be damaged.
After removing the water drops, protect the rods with oil.
3 - Drain the condensate that may have formed in the tank and in the water separator, to prevent the water from
freezing during the night.
4 - Since the battery capacity may decrease considerably at low temperatures, after work cover the battery or re-
move it and store it at a suitable temperature.
144
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN AT THE END OF THE WINTER
3.11 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN AT THE END OF THE WINTER

1 - At the end of the cold season, change lubricants and fuel.
IMPORTANT
q The use of permanent antifreeze requires only the check of the level and the periodical change of the flu-
id.
For the relevant specifications, see "4.3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS"”.
2 - Make sure that the cooling fan belt is in good conditions.
3 - Make sure that the fins of the radiator and of the heat exchanger are clean.
4 - Check the radiator cap gasket and spring; in case of doubt regarding tightness and setting, change the cap.
145
USING THE MACHINE AS A LOADER
3.12 USING THE MACHINE AS A LOADER
WARNING
q Always fasten the safety belt.
q When the declutch push button is used, the machine keeps moving in neutral; to stop it, put on the
brakes.
q The brake pedals can be used separately to reduce the steering radiuses; adopt this solution only if ab-
solutely necessary, at low speed and with lowered bucket.
q Always warn the persons present in the worksite, even if they are authorized, by means of the horn.
IMPORTANT
q The basic illustrations shown are those necessary for a correct use and exploitment of the machine; the
operator must get to know the controls, the described operating method, the use of the bucket position
indicator and learn how to organize work in a free area, using low gears, while seated in the driving posi-
tion.
3.12.1 BUCKET POSITION INDICATOR

Thanks to this indicator, the operator always knows the posi-
2
tion of the front bucket with respect to the ground; the horizon-
3
tal position of the bucket, parallel to the ground, is determined
1 1
by the return of the rod (1) to the reference level (2).
If the machine is provided with automatic RETURN-TO-DIG
device, the horizontal, parallel position of the bucket with re-
spect to the ground is determined by the sensor (3) located on
the cylinder and is reached when the sensor does not detect
the rod (1) any longer. In case of malfunction of the device,
check and if necessary carry out the required adjustments. RWA34400
To adjust the sensor, see "4.8.1.m ADJUSTING THE AUTO-
MATIC RETURN-TO-DIG DEVICE OF THE FRONT BUCKET
(if installed)"
3.12.2 ORGANIZING THE WORK AREA

If after a first inspection the area results to be uneven, encum-
bered with big obstacles or characterized by considerable
height differences, before starting work it is advisable to level
the ground as much as possible, both for the loader and for
the vehicles to be loaded.
These preliminary operations will make work quicker, ensure
better results and at the same time reduce the operator’s
stress and the wear of the machine components; furthermore,
the time necessary to load the trucks for the transport of the
material will be considerably reduced. RWA00460
The area to be cleared from obstacles requires the use of a
truck positioned as indicated in the figure; for any other ar-
rangement the movements of the loader must be reduced as
much as possible.
146
3.12.2.1 LOADING HEAPED AND LEVEL MATE- RKA14640
RIAL
The efficiency of the bucket depends on how the operator
starts loading; proceed as follows:
1 - Start moving and direct the bucket towards the heap
base.
2 - While the upper material falls down filling the bucket, lift
the arm gradually and at the same time fold the bucket
completely.
3 - Reverse the motion of the machine and dump the bucket
onto the truck. After unloading the material on the truck,
use the “return-to-dig” device of the loader hydraulic sys-
tem to accelerate the operations (if such device is provid-
ed).
Once the device has been connected, it lowers the arm RKA14650
completely and at the same time brings the bucket in per-
pendicular position with respect to the ground. This is par-
ticularly useful for the operator, since in this way the
machine is ready for the successive loading phase. For
the correct use of the “return-to-dig” device, see "3.3.6
pos. 4 - FRONT LOADER CONTROL LEVER".
IMPORTANT
q Start loading the truck from the cab side and, if the ma-
terial is sufficiently homogeneous, dump from the maxi-
mum height in order to increase the compaction of the
material and its distribution on the loading platform.
RKA14660
147
3.12.2.2 LOADING OPERATIONS ON SLOPES
WARNING
q Travel uphill with the bucket directed forward; the same rule must be followed when loading.
q Travel downhill in reverse with the loader directed forward and lowered bucket.
q Move changing direction very slowly, with the bucket as low as possible.
q Avoid any transverse position with respect to the slope directrix.
q Sudden movements of the bucket and dangerous positions may cause the machine to overturn and lead
to serious accidents and even death.
3.12.3 CHANGING THE STANDARD

FRONT BUCKET 1 3
WARNING
When the coupling pins are removed or installed, chips
q
may come off; always use gloves, goggles and helmet.
2
q The change of the equipment must be carried out by two
persons, who must decide together the words and sig-
nals to be used during operations.
q Avoid using your fingers to align the holes, since the RWA03660
may be injured or even cut off.

q The described procedures are valid also for the cou-
pling of the mechanical connections of the optional
equipment.
1 - Position the bucket on level ground.

2 - Remove the check bolts (1) and the coupling pins (2).
3 - Change the bucket (3), taking care to clean the pins and
bushings perfectly and to grease the pins slightly before
reinstalling them.
4 - Put back the check bolts and tighten them.
5 - Lubricate the pins (see "4.5.1 LUBRICATION DIA-
GRAM").
NOTE
q If the machine is equipped with front quick coupling, see "6.2
FRONT EQUIPMENT QUICK COUPLING DEVICES".
148
USING THE MACHINE AS AN EXCAVATOR
3.13 USING THE MACHINE AS AN EXCAVATOR
WARNING
q The machine can be used as an excavator only after rotating the seat by 180° with respect to the correct
driving position; for the specific procedure, see "3.13.2 POSITIONING THE MACHINE FOR DIGGING OP-
ERATIONS". The machine is equipped with an acoustic alarm that is activated if the operator, with the
engine running, shifts the reversing gear lever from the neutral position with the seat rotated and not in
the correct driving position.
This is a danger signal, since it is absolutely forbidden to move the machine while working with the
backhoe equipment or in any case with the seat rotated by 180° with respect to the regular driving posi-
tion.
Remember that the operator is allowed to move the machine only while seated in the correct driving po-
sition, with locked seat and fastened safety belt.
q Always fasten the safety belt before starting any manoeuvre.
q Always lower the stabilizers before starting any digging operation.
q Before starting work, alert the persons in the vicinity by means of the horn integrated in the side dash-
board or in the left backhoe control lever, if the machine is equipped with backhoe servo controls.
3.13.1 POSITIONING THE BUCKET RWA00950
ACCORDING TO THE WORK THAT

MUST BE CARRIED OUT
POS. 1
WARNING
q When introducing the bucket connection pins in the POS. 2
couplings of the arm and of the thrusting arm, be careful
to the metal chips that may come off and cause serious
injury.
q Always wear safety goggles, thick gloves and helmet.
q Avoid using your fingers to align the holes, since they
may be cut off in case of sudden or uncontrolled move-
ments.
BUCKET POSITIONS
Two position options are available for the bucket:
Pos. 1: suitable for normal digging operations, ensures more
power to the bucketnna.
Pos. 2: suitable for operations on vertical walls, ensures the
maximum swing and the maximum digging height on
walls. In this position the tearing force is reduced.
149
3.13.2 POSITIONING THE MACHINE FOR DIGGING OPERATIONS
WARNING
q Before moving the equipment, make sure that no one is standing in the work area.
q Before moving the equipment, make sure that the stabilizers are lowered.
q Before raising the stabilizers, fold the equipment completely or rest it onto the ground.
q Carry out all the possible movements and make sure that the control levers work properly.
q If visibility is not perfect or there are ducts or lines of any kind, work at reduced speed and ask the as-
sistance of another operator.
1 - Centre the machine with respect to the digging line.
IMPORTANT
q If this is not possible, because it is necessary to dig along walls or banks, move the backhoe sideward
(see "3.13.3 SLIDING THE BACKHOE UNIT SIDEWARDS").
2 - Remove the boom anti-rotation pin, introduce it in the apposite hole and release the boom from the safety
lock.
3 - Lower the front bucket (1) to the ground; force this movement until lifting the front wheels (2) in order to trans-
fer the weight onto the bucket. Apply the parking brake.
4 - Rotate the seat by 180°, fasten the safety belt, accelerate up to 1500–1600 rpm and lower the stabilizers (3)
until the rear wheels (4) are partially raised; this manoeuvre stabilizes the machine and avoids overloads on
the rear tyres.
5 - Inhibit the front loader control and the stabilizer control (only for machines equipped with mechanical backhoe
controls).
6 - Release the mechanical lock of the backhoe control levers and start work.
IMPORTANT
q On machines equipped with backhoe servo controls, the movements of the levers can be enabled by re-
leasing the servo control locking button (see "3.3.2 pos. 12 - SERVO CONTROL LOCKING BUTTON").
2 4
5 cm
RKA14080
150
3.13.3 SLIDING THE BACKHOE UNIT SIDEWARDS

IMPORTANT
q Before moving the backhoe unit, make sure that the sliding guides are clean and lubricated with grease.
1 - Release the front loader control and the backhoe control levers.
2 - Lower the stabilizers (1) to avoid overloading the rear wheels and to prevent the machine from oscillating.
3 - Swing the boom (2) against the machine.
4 - Manoeuvre the bucket (3) and the arm (4) until the bucket teeth are perpendicular to the ground when arm
and boom form an angle of approx. 90°; plant the bucket teeth onto the ground.
5 - Release the backhoe unit (see "3.3.6 pos. 9 - BACKHOE SLIDING LOCK SWITCH").
6 - Make the unit slide by manoeuvring the arm.
CAUTION
q Carry out this manoeuvre by operating the arm opening/folding lever smoothly, in such a way as to
maintain the sliding support in vertical position and therefore facilitate the sliding movement.
7 - Lock the unit.
2 4
1 1
RKA14090
151
3.13.4 DIGGING METHOD
WARNING
q The geometry of the rotation fulcrum of boom, arm and bucket make it possible to dig even beyond the
stabilizer line, which makes the ground give way. Do not dig beyond the boom fulcrum line, since the
ground may collapse and cause the machine to overturn.
1 - At the beginning of work, keep the bucket at the correct penetration angle.
2 - Once the desired digging depth has been reached, position the bucket with its back parallel to bottom of the
excavation and then start filling.
3 - During the collection phase, make bucket, boom and arm move simultaneously; combined movements facili-
tate the filling of the bucket and therefore increase productivity.
4 - The removal depth must be correct and suitable to the type of ground; excessive depth may lock the move-
ments, overload the engine and the pump and slow down the digging operations.
5 - To dump on heaps, dump the bucket as soon as it gets near the dumping area; the inertia resulting from the
movement will ensure the compaction of the material with no need to use the bucket for this purpose, which
avoids impacts and vibrations that facilitate the wear of pins and bushings.
RWA00500
CORRECT
The bucket works with its flat surface parallel
to the ground.
RWA00510
INCORRECT
The bucket is thrusted downwards slowing
down the digging work.
3
RWA00520
RWA00530
INCORRECT
The bucket is pushed upwards and therefore CORRECT DIGGING METHOD
is not filled completely. (Sequence 1 - 2 - 3)
152
3.13.4.1 CHANGING THE BACKHOE BUCKET
WARNING 2
q When the coupling pins are removed or installed, chips 1
persons, who must decide together the words and sig- 3
nals to be used during operations.
3
q Avoid using your fingers to align the holes, since the
may be injured or even cut off. RWA03670
q The described procedures are valid also for the cou-

pling of the mechanical connections of the optional
equipment.
1 - Position the bucket on level ground, directing it so that the

flat part of the bucket back rests on the ground.
2 - Remove first the tie-rod pin (1) and then the arm connec-
tion pin (2).
3 - Change the bucket, taking care to clean the pins and
bushings perfectly and to grease the pins slightly before
reinstalling them.
IMPORTANT
q Install the arm connection pin first.
4 - Put back the safety retainers (3) of the pins.

5 - Lubricate the pins by means of the special grease nipple
(see "4.5.1 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM").
NOTE
q If the backhoe is equipped with quick coupling device, see
"6.12 REAR EQUIPMENT MECHANICAL QUICK COU-
PLING DEVICE".
153
LONG PERIODS OF INACTIVITY
3.14 LONG PERIODS OF INACTIVITY
3.14.1 PREPARING THE MACHINE FOR A LONG PERIOD OF INACTIVITY
WARNING
q When draining the fuel, do not smoke, nor use naked flames near the machine.
Place a container under the machine to gather the fuel and prevent it from spreading around.
If some fuel should be spilled, clean the dirty area immediately.
IMPORTANT
q To protect the cylinder rods when the machine is not used, position the work equipment as shown in the
figure. (This serves to prevent the cylinder rods from rusting).
RKA14670
154
NOTE
q This preliminary operations must be carried out when the machine is going to remain unused for approximately 1
month; if the period of inactivity is expected to be longer, see also "3.14.2 PREPARING THE ENGINE FOR A
LONG PERIOD OF INACTIVITY".
If the machine is going to remain unused for a long period, to keep its components in good conditions it is advisa-
ble to store it in a sheltered place and to take the following measures:
1 - Clean the inside and the outside of the machine completely and very carefully, retouching any scratch on the
paintwork in order to avoid oxidation.
2 - Drain and change all the fluids of the hydraulic circuits and the lubricants (axles, reduction gears, converter),
following the indications given in the maintenance instructions.
3 - Change all the filtering elements (air filter, engine oil filter, hydraulic circuit filters, fuel filter).
4 - To prevent the deformation of the tyre sidewalls, insert supports or blocks under the axles, to nullify the weight
of the machine.
5 - Grease the exposed rods of the hydraulic cylinders and the equipment joints.
6 - Shift the machine controls to the neutral position and engage the safety locks.
7 - Seal the end of the exhaust pipe and the engine breather outlets.
8 - Refuel completely.
9 - Remove the battery, check the electrolyte level and make sure that the battery is charged.
Place the battery in a room with suitable temperature and recharge it periodically.
10 - Lock the cab doors, the filler cap and the engine hood.
11 - Seal the filler cap.
155
3.14.2 PREPARING THE ENGINE FOR A LONG PERIOD OF INACTIVITY

NOTE
q These operations must be carried out only if the engine is going to remain unused for more than 1 month.
q The first two operations must be carried out only on engines that have already run for more than 200 hours.
1 - Drain the oil from the oil pan and fill it with washing oil FIAT L35.
2 - Start the engine and let it idle for 15 minutes.
Stop the engine and drain the oil.
3 - Fill the oil pan to the MIN. level with SAE 30 oil or with oil corresponding to the MIL - 2160B – type 2 specifica-
tions.
4 - Empty the fuel filters, disconnect the fuel pump intake pipe and connect it to an outside tank filled with CBF
(ISO 4113) oil.
5 - Start the engine and let it run at 800–1000 rpm for 15 minutes.
At this point, use a syringe to slowly spray 40 g of SAE30 oil or of an oil corresponding to the MIL - 2160B -
type 2 specifications into the suction manifold (taking approximately 10 seconds).
6 - Stop the engine and drain the oil from the oil pan.
NOTE
q Recovered oil can be used again, for other two or three times, when preparing the engine for a long period of in-
activity.
7 - Loosen the alternator, fan and coolant pump belts.

8 - Reconnect the fuel pump intake pipe to the fuel tank.
9 - Seal the exhaust pipe and all the intake and breather openings with adhesive tape and vynil bags.
10 - Position a sign with the clear writing “NO ENGINE OIL” on the steering wheel and on the engine.
IMPORTANT
q These operations must be repeated every 6 months.
3.14.3 MAINTENANCE DURING A PERIOD OF INACTIVITY

NOTE
q These operations must be carried out once a month.
1 - Recharge the battery and install it on the machine.

2 - Remove the seals from tank, exhaust pipe and breather outlets.
3 - Check the tyre pressure and remove the support blocks from under the machine.
4 - Start the engine and let it idle for 15 minutes.
5 - While warming the engine, remove the protection grease from the exposed rods of the hydraulic cylinders.
6 - Before moving the machine, make sure that the instruments, warning lights, lights, direction indicators, wind-
shield wipers and stop lights function correctly.
7 - As soon as possible, warm the hydraulic cylinders by slowly lifting and extending all the equipment more than
once.
8 - Travel for short distances at low speed, applying the brakes every now and then to allow the braking surfaces
to settle down.
156
3.14.4 RESTARTING THE ENGINE

NOTE
q These operations must be carried out if the machine has been prepared for a period of inactivity longer than 1
month.
1 - Remove the seals from the exhaust pipe and the filler cap.
2 - Open the engine hood and the cab.
3 - Remove the seals from the intake and breather openings.
4 - Drain the oil contained in the injection pump.
5 - Fill the engine with the oil prescribed, suitable for the ambient temperature.
6 - Tighten the alternator, fan and coolant pump belts.
7 - Check all the fluid levels (coolant, windshield detergent, fuel, oil in the gearbox and axle hydraulic circuits).
8 - Check the battery charge and install it.
9 - Start the engine by proceeding as indicated in paragraph "3.6.2 STARTING THE ENGINE" and make sure
that the engine oil pressure warning light goes out when the starter has run for approx. 5 seconds.
10 - After starting the engine, let it idle for 15 minutes.
11 - Warm up the hydraulic cylinders by slowly lifting and extending all the equipment more than once.
3.14.5 AFTER THE PERIOD OF INACTIVITY

Considering that different periods of inactivity can have different durations, the functions of the machine can be re-
stored according to two different procedures:
1 - If the period of inactivity lasted for more than one month, follow the instructions given in paragraphs "3.14.4
RESTARTING THE ENGINE" and "3.14.3 MAINTENANCE DURING A PERIOD OF INACTIVITY".
2 - If the period of inactivity has lasted for less than one month, follow the indications given in paragraph "3.14.3
MAINTENANCE DURING A PERIOD OF INACTIVITY".
157
TROUBLESHOOTING
3.15 TROUBLESHOOTING
3.15.1 HOW TO REMOVE THE MACHINE
DANGER
q The removal of the machine in case of failure always in-
volves risks that may cause injuries to the persons re-
sponsible for this type of operation.
q When removing the machine, use a wire rope suitable
for the weight of the machine to be removed.
If the machine gets stuck in mud and cannot get out using only RKA15450
its motive power, or in case of breakdown, use a wire rope as
shown in the figures on the right.
IMPORTANT
q Before recovering the machine, shift the gear lever to
neutral, disengage the four-wheel drive and release the
parking brake.
RKA15460
3.15.2 AFTER THE FUEL HAS RUN OUT

Before starting the engine, when the fuel has run out and therefore air has entered the fuel supply circuit, it is nec-
essary to bleed the fuel supply circuit.
For the necessary operations, see "4.8.10 MAINTENANCE EVERY 500 HOURS OF OPERATION".
158
TROUBLESHOOTING
3.15.3 IF THE BATTERY HAS RUN DOWN
WARNING
q When checking or carrying out any operation on the bat-
tery, stop the engine and make sure that the ignition key
is in position « ».
q The battery produces hydrogen, which may explode. Do
not use naked flames and do not smoke near the bat-
tery, and avoid producing sparks.
q The battery electrolyte is made of diluted sulphuric acid RWA01060
that may corrode clothes and even the skin; in case of

contact with this fluid, immediately rinse the involved
part with plenty of water. REMOVAL
If the acid gets into the eyes, immediately rinse with
plenty of water and consult a doctor without delay.
1 2
q When working on the battery, always wear goggles and
gloves.
q When removing the battery, disconnect first the earth
cable (-); when installing the battery, connect first the
positive cable (+).
q If a tool makes contact with the positive terminal and the
RWA01370
machine structure at the same time, this may generate
sparks with consequent risk of explosion.
q Carefully tighten the connection terminals, since false INSTALLATION
contacts may generate sparks with consequent risk of
explosion.
2 1
RWA01700
RWA01800
159
TROUBLESHOOTING
3.15.3.1 STARTING WITH BOOSTER CABLES
WARNING
q When starting the engine with the aid of another machine, connect the batteries in parallel.
q When connecting the cables, avoid any contact between the positive cable (+) and the negative cable (–).
q When starting the engine with booster cables, always wear safety goggles.
q Take care to avoid any contact between the machine to be started and the machine used as starting aid,
in order to avoid sparks and therefore the explosion of the hydrogen produced by the batteries.
q The explosion of the battery causes serious damage and injury.
q Take care not to invert the cables and connect the earth cable (-) last, as far from the battery as possible.
q Remove the cables with great care; prevent the cables disconnected from the battery from touching oth-
er parts of the machine, in order to avoid the explosion of the hydrogen.
IMPORTANT
q The cables and pliers must be suitable for the current load that must be transferred.
q The battery used as starting aid must have greater capacity or at least the same capacity as the battery
of the machine to be started.
q Make sure that the cables and pliers are neither corroded, nor damaged.
q Make sure that the pliers hold the terminals firmly.
CONNECTING THE CABLES AND STARTING THE ENGINE RWA00740
1 - Make sure that the ignition key is in position « ». A

2 - Connect the positive poles (+) of the two batteries with
each other (A).
3 - Connect the cable of the negative terminal (-) of the 2 1 1
charged battery to the earth block of the machine to be
started (B). Charged Spent
battery battery
4 - Start the engine of the machine that supplies current and
increase its speed. B Engine block
5 - Start the engine of the failed machine. (See "3.6.2 2 to be starded
STARTING THE ENGINE").
REMOVING THE CABLES RWA00850
When the engine has started, remove the cables in the re- A
verse order with respect to their connection.
1 - Disconnect the negative cable (-) from the earth block of
the engine that has been started and then from the battery
(B).
1 2 2
2 - Disconnect the positive cable (+) first from the battery Charged Spent
used as starting aid and then from the discharged battery battery battery
(A). Engine motor
B to be started
1
160
TROUBLESHOOTING
3.15.4 OTHER TROUBLES

(•) Always contact your Komatsu Dealer when you have to carry out this operation.
• If the anomaly or its cause is not included in the table below, contact your Komatsu Dealer for the necessary
repair.
3.15.4.1 ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
TROUBLE CAUSE REMEDY
Lights do not work satisfactorily even • Faulty cables. (•) Check and repair any loose terminal
with engine running at high speed: and connection.
• Faulty fan belt tension. • Adjust fan tension (see “EVERY 250
Lights come on intermittently with en-
HOURS).
gine running:
Alternator charge warning light does not • Faulty alternator. (•) Change.
go out with engine running and increas- • Faulty cables. (•) Check and repair.
ing speed:
Alternator emits an abnormal noise: • Faulty alternator. (•) Change.
• Faulty cables. (•) Check and repair.

Starter does not turn with key in START
• Battery charge insufficient. • Charge battery.
position:
• Faulty engine start fuse. • Change.
Starter pinion engages and then disen- • Battery charge insufficient. • Charge battery.
gages:
• Battery charge insufficient. • Charge battery.

Starter makes engine run slowly:
• Faulty starter. (•) Change.
Starter disengages before engine has • Faulty cables. (•) Check and repair.
started: • Battery charge insufficient. • Charge battery.
Engine oil pressure warning light does • Faulty bulb. (•) Change.
not come on when engine is stopped • Faulty pressure sensor. (•) Change.
(ignition key in position « »):
Alternator charge warning light does not • Faulty bulb. (•) Change.
come on when engine is stopped (igni- • Faulty cables. (•) Check and repair.
tion key in position « »):
3.15.4.2 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
• No oil in the tank. • Top up.

• Faulty pump. (•) Repair or change.
Pump emits an abnormal noise:
• Hydraulic oil unsuitable for the tem- • Change.
perature.
Equipment control levers do not return • Broken return spring or seized ele- (•) Change spring or distributor ele-
automatically to neutral position: ment. ment.
• Faulty pump. (•) Repair or change.

• Max. pressure valves out of rating, (•) Calibrate or change.
Equipment moves only at low speed:
or not closed due to impurities.
• Dirty drain filter. • Change.
161
TROUBLESHOOTING
3.15.4.3 BRAKING SYSTEM
• Brake discs worn. (•) Change.

Braking not regular for both wheels: • No oil in brake pump. (•) Top up and bleed circuit.
• Air in braking circuit. (•) Bleed circuit.
• Air in braking circuit. (•) Bleed circuit.

Braking not regular on one side only:
• Brake disc worn. (•) Change.
3.15.4.4 CONVERTER
• Oil level too low. • Top up.

• Clutch pressure adjusting valve (•) Clean element and seat.
locked open.
Low pressure in the clutch: • Faulty delivery pump. (•) Change.
• Clutch shaft or piston rings. (•) Change rings.
• Leakages due to clutch piston pump (•) Clean valve carefully.
locked open.

Pump delivery insufficient: • Suction filter clogged. • Clean filter.
• Faulty pump. (•) Change.
• Damaged rings. (•) Remove, disassemble and reas-

semble the unit.
Overheating:
• Dirty heat exchanger. • Clean.
• Damaged heat exchanger. • Change.

Noisy converter:
• Damaged bearings. (•) Remove and change.
• Low engine rpm causes stall speed. (•) Check and set up engine governor.
Lack of power: • Defect as if due to overheating. • See remedies in case of overheat-
ing.
3.15.4.5 ENGINE
• Oil level in oil pan too lo. • Top up.

Oil pressure warning light remains on
• Oil filter clogged. • Change filter.
even with engine at high speed:
• Oil unsuitable for the season. • Change.
162
TROUBLESHOOTING
• Fluid level low, fluid leakages. • Top up, repair.

• Fan belt slackened. • Check belt tension.
Steam comes out of radiator breather • Radiator fins damaged or closed. • Repair or clean.
pipe: • Faulty thermostat. (•) Change.
• Radiator cap loose or broken. Work- • Tighten cap or change unit.
ing at considerable altitude.
Temperature indicator always on the • Faulty temperature indicator. (•) Change.

right end of the scale:
Temperature indicator pointer always on • Faulty thermostat. (•) Change.

the left end of the scale: • Faulty indicator. (•) Change.
• Run-down battery. (•) Charge or replace.

• Battery terminals loose or corroded. (•) Tighten nuts or change terminals.
• No fuel. • Refuel.
Engine does not start: • Type of fuel unsuitable for climate. (•) Change filter. Refuel with winter
type.
• Air in fuel supply circuit. (•) Check pipes, connections, fuel and
injection pumps. Bleed circuit.
• Other causes. (•) Contact Dealer.
• Fuel filters clogged. (•) Change.

• Air in fuel supply circuit. (•) Check pipes, connections, fuel and
Engine stops:
injection pumps. Bleed circuit.
• Other causes. (•) Contact Dealer.
• Radiator clogged. • Clean fins.

• Insufficient tension of water pump (•) Check and adjust belt tension.
Engine overheats: and fan belts.
• Low coolant. • Top up.
• Air filters clogged. (•) Clean or change filters.
• Impurities or water in fuel supply cir- (•) Clean and refuel with new fuel.
cuit.
Engine power insufficient:
• Fuel filter clogged. (•) Change.
• Air filters clogged. (•) Clean or change filters.
• Too much oil in oil pan. • Top up.

• Unsuitable fuel. • Change with fuel in compliance with
Exhaust gases white or light blue:
standards.
• • Other causes (•) Contact Dealer
Exhaust gases occasionally tend to be • Air cleaner clogged. • Clean or change.

black: • Faulty injectors. (•) Change.
Combustion noise occasionally resem- • Faulty injectors. (•) Change.

bles a blow:
• Fuel with low cetane rating. • Change with fuel in compliance with
standards.
Abnormal noises (during combustion or • Overheating. • See “defects of temperature indica-
in mechanical parts): tor”.
• Exhaust silencer inside damaged. (•) Change.
• Excessive valve clearance. (•) Adjust valve clearance.
163
164
MAINTENANCE
165
GUIDE TO MAINTENANCE
4.1 GUIDE TO MAINTENANCE

q Before opening the engine hood, engage the safety locks of both the front loader and the backhoe.
q If it is necessary to check the hydraulic oil level in the tank, set the machine in transport position (see "3.1 SAFE-
TY LOCKS").
q Carry out any maintenance operation on firm and level ground, after applying the parking brake.
q Use Komatsu genuine oils and greases; choose oils suitable for the ambient temperature.
q Use clean oils and greases. Keep the oil and grease containers clean and prevent any foreign matter from get-
ting into them.
q Always keep the machine clean: this makes it easier to locate any failed part.
In particular, clean the grease nipples, the breathers and the areas near the openings for the level checks, to
prevent any impurities from getting into/on them.
q Draining hot oil or coolant immediately after stopping the engine is hazardous. Wait for the engine to cool down
until reaching a temperature of at least 40–50° C.
q When changing the oil or the filters, check for metal particles. If you find large quantities of metal particles, con-
tact your Komatsu Dealer.
q Check and change the oil in a clean place and prevent any impurities from getting into the tank.
q Before carrying out any maintenance operation, hang warning plates on the ignition switch, the control levers
and the cab doors, to prevent anyone from starting the engine.
q When performing maintenance operations, always take the precautions indicated on the safety plates applied to
the machine.
q Instructions for arc welding:
1 - Turn the ignition key to position «O».
2 - Disconnect the battery (first the negative pole and then the positive pole).
3 - Disconnect the alternator.
4 - Do not apply more than 200V continuously.
5 - Connect the earth cable within 1 m from the point where the welding operation must be carried out.
6 - Avoid placing gaskets and bearings between the welding area and the earth cable.
q Do not use flammable fluids to clean any parts of the machine. Keep naked flames away from these fluids and
avoid smoking.
q When O rings and gaskets are removed, clean the sealing surfaces thoroughly and replace the O rings and gas-
kets with new ones.
Fit the O rings and gaskets correctly when reassembling.
q Avoid keeping loose objects or tools in your pockets: they may fall out and drop into the machine, especially
when you open covers and work on the machine while bending over it.
q When washing the machine, do not direct the high-pressure water jet onto the radiator and the heat exchanger.
q When washing the machine, protect the electric system connectors and avoid wetting the ignition switch.
q Before starting work in mud, under the rain, on seashores or river banks, provide for lubrication where required.
Wash the machine immediately after work to protect the components from rust. Lubricate the equipment joints
more frequently than usual.
q When the worksite is particularly dusty, proceed as follows:
1 - Check the air filter for any clogging and clean it more frequently than usual.
2 - Clean the radiator and the heat exchanger frequently, to avoid any clogging of the fins.
3 - Change the diesel oil filter more frequently than usual.
4 - Clean the electrical components, especially the starter and the alternator, to avoid any accumulation of dust.
166
GUIDE TO MAINTENANCE
q Never mix oils of different brands.

Do not top up with any oil different from those used in the machine. If necessary, drain the tanks and fill them
with the oil of the new brand.
WARNING
q Oils, filters, coolant, gaskets, electric wires and batteries are considered special waste and must be col-
lected and disposed of according to the regulations in force.
q The combustible material of some components may become extremely dangerous if it burns. For this
reason, avoid any contact of burnt material with your skin or eyes and do not inhale the fumes (see "2.8
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING MAINTENANCE").
167
MAINTENANCE NOTES
4.2 MAINTENANCE NOTES

q Use only Komatsu genuine spare parts.
q Do not mix different types of oil.
q Unless specified otherwise, the oils and the coolant used by Komatsu to fill the tanks before the delivery of the
machine are the following:
FLUID SPECIFICATIONS
• Engine oil SAE 15W-40
Specifications: API CI-4, ACEA E7
• Hydraulic system oil SAE 10W-30
Specifications: API CF - CF2 - CD
• Biodegradable hydraulic system oil
(Only for machines in which synthetic biodegradable oil SHELL NATURELLE HFX-32
type HEES not of plant origin is used)
• Hydraulic transmission oil GM DEXRON® II D
• Front and rear axle oil UTTO FLUID
• Braking system oil GM DEXRON® II D
• Fuel With ambient temperature over -10° C:

ASTM D975 N. 2 diesel oil
With ambient temperature under -10°C:

ASTM D975 N. 1 diesel oil
• Radiator Special permanent antifreeze, biodegradable, ethylene

glycol based with corrosion inhibitor and with no silicates,
borates, nitrates, phosphates and amines.
Red antifreeze suitable for aluminium radiators, diluted
with water (50%) to ensure protection down to -36°C.
GM DEXRON® II D (DEXRON® is a registered trademark of General Motors Corporation)
4.2.1 NOTES REGARDING THE ENGINE

4.2.1.1 ENGINE OIL
q The engine oil must be selected very carefully, since it lubricates the engine, which is the machine’s heart; the
main maintenance operations required for the engine oil are the following:
1 - daily check of the oil level;
2 - check of the degree of pollution of the oil;
3 - periodical change.
4.2.1.2 COOLANT
q The coolant serves to keep the engine at the correct temperature and therefore to ensure optimal operating con-
ditions; check the coolant level in the expansion tank daily and top up when necessary.
q The coolant containing antifreeze is flammable; do not use naked flames near the coolant and do not smoke
while topping up.
168
MAINTENANCE NOTES
q Use only red permanent ethylene glycol based antifreeze, with corrosion inhibitors and antifoam products, suita-
ble for aluminium radiators. If pure, dilute with water (50%).
q The use of permanent antifreeze requires only the check of the level and the periodical change of the fluid. It is
not necessary to wash the cooling circuit.
q Use drinkable water and in any case soft water.
q Do not use corrosion inhibitors containing soluble oil, since they damage the rubber couplings.
q In case of doubt regarding the applicable standards for the use of antifreeze, contact your Komatsu Dealer, who
will supply you with exhaustive and precise information.
4.2.1.3 FUEL
q Always use fuel suitable for the engine. Other fuels with different specifications may damage the engine or re-
duce its power.
q Always refuel at the end of work.
q When refuelling, make sure that there is no water on the fuel drum cover and take care not to draw condensate
from the drum bottom.
q If fuel runs out, or if the fuel filter has been replaced, it is necessary to bleed the circuit.
4.2.2 NOTES REGARDING THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

q Be extremely careful when performing maintenance operations on the hydraulic system, since soon after work
the oil is very hot.
The circuit is pressurized not only during work, but also at the end of work.
q The maintenance operations required for the hydraulic system are the following:
1 - daily check of the oil level in the tank;
2 - periodical change of the oil filter;
3 - periodical change of the oil and cleaning of the intake filter.
q Always bleed the circuit after changing the oil filter or the oil.
q When a component is removed from the circuit, check the gaskets and O rings and change them if they are dam-
aged.
q When a cylinder or a component of the hydraulic circuit is removed, after reassembly bleed the circuit by pro-
ceeding as follows:
1 - start the engine and let it idle;
2 - extend all the cylinders 4-5 times, stopping them at approx. 100 mm from the end of stroke;
3 - slowly make all the cylinders reach the end of stroke for 3-4 times.
169
MAINTENANCE NOTES
4.2.3 NOTES REGARDING THE ELECTRIC SYSTEM

q If the cables are wet or their insulating material is damaged, the electric system leaks and this may result in mal-
functions of the machine.
q The maintenance operations required for the electric system are the following:
1 - check of the alternator belt for damage or breakages;
2 - check of the battery electrolyte level.
q Do not remove or eliminate any electric component installed on the machine and do not install any electric com-
ponent with characteristics different from those specified and approved by Komatsu.
q Keep the electric system dry.
q When working on seashores or river or lake banks, protect the jack plugs from corrosion.
q Do not connect any optional device to the fuses, ignition switch, battery, relays, etc.; for the installation of any op-
tional equipment, contact your Komatsu Dealer.
q If any electric welding operation has to be carried out, disconnect the battery and the alternator.
4.2.4 NOTES REGARDING LUBRICATION

q Lubrication makes the operations carried out with the machine and work equipment smoother, while preventing
wear and the noise that may be produced if the joints are dry.
q Lubrication is to be carried out with grease or oil.
q The maintenance operations required for the components that need lubricating are the following:
1 - check of the levels;
2 - oil change;
3 - injection of grease through the grease nipples;
4 - grease lubrication with a brush.
q Use only the specified lubricants, according to the ambient temperature.
q Always clean the grease nipples before injecting grease and remove any excess grease after lubrication; this
cleaning operation must be performed with extreme care on the revolving parts.
q Check that the lubricant levels are correct, avoiding excessive or insufficient quantities.
170
MAINTENANCE NOTES
4.2.5 PARTS SUBJECT TO WEAR THAT PERIODICALLY NEED CHANGING

The parts subject to wear such as filters, bucket teeth, etc. must be replaced according to the periodic mainte-
nance intervals prescribed or when they reach the wear limit.
The timely change of these parts ensures an economic use of the machine.
Use only Komatsu genuine parts, which alone can guarantee excellent quality and interchangeability.
ITEM CODE DESCRIPTION Q.ty CHANGE INTERVAL
Hydraulic oil drain filter 42N-62-15470 Cartridge 1

EVERY 500 HOURS
Engine oil filter EA504074043 Cartridge 1
OF OPERATION
Fuel filter EA504073234 Cartridge 1
EVERY 1000 HOURS

Converter oil filter CA0040952 Cartridge 1
OF OPERATION
848101189 Main cartridge 1 WHEN REQUIRED

Air filter
848101190 Safety cartridge 1 WHEN REQUIRED
312204054 Tooth AR —
Front bucket 801580085 Screw AR —
801703012 Nut AR —
312204054 Central tooth AR —

801580085 Screw AR —
801703012 Nut AR —
312204052 Right tooth 1 —
Backhoe bucket
312204053 Left tooth 1 —
801580085 Screw AR —
801014184 Side screw 4 —
801703012 Nut AR —
171
FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS
4.3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE CAPACITY (l)
TANK /
FLUID
RESERVOIR -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50°C
1st filling Change
-22 -4 14 32 50 68 86 104 122°F
OIL
ACEA E5 SAE 5W-30
ACEA E4
Engine oil pan 13 13
OIL
API CI-4 SAE 15W-40
ACEA E7
OIL
Hydraulic
API CD, CF, SAE 10W-30 98 40
system
CF2
Hydraulic system
with see «4.3.1» 98 40
biodegradable oil
Front axle:
7 7
Differential
Final reduction
OIL 0,75 0,75
gear (ea)
UTTO FLUID
Rear axle: Differ-
ential and final re- 15 15
duction gears
Hydraulic OIL GM
20 20
transmission DEXRON® II D
®
(DEXRON is a
registered trade-
Braking system mark of General 0,8 0,8
Motors Corpora-
tion)
a
Fuel tank DIESEL OIL 150 —
ASTM D975 N. 2
Engine PERMANENT
cooling COOLANT 15 —
system (aa)
a ASTM D975 N. 1
aa Special red permanent antifreeze suitable for aluminium radiators. If pure, dilute with water (50%).
172
4.3.1 LUBRICATION WITH GREASE

LUBRICATION POINTS CONSISTENCY TYPE
Joints, transmissions, fork guides,

NLGI 2 Lithium EP + MoS2
door hinges
Hydraulically-controlled sliding Mineral oil + graphite + aluminium

NLGI 1
plate guides (if installed) complex soap
IMPORTANT
q When the diesel oil sulphur content is less than 0,5%, change the engine oil according to the periodic
maintenance intervals indicated in the operation and maintenance manual. If the diesel oil sulphur con-
tent exceeds 0.5%, change the engine oil according to the following table:
Sulphur content Engine oil change interval
from 0.5 to 1.0% 1/2 of regular interval

over 1.0% 1/4 of regular interval
q Use engine oil with API CI-4 o ACEA E7, E5, E4 classification, to ensure the correct and constnat operation of
the engine.
q Use Komatsu genuine products whose characteristics have been specifically formulated and approved for use in
the engine, in the work equipment hydraulic circuit, in the transmission, in the axles and in the brakes.
First filling quantity: total quantity of oil, including the oil for the components and pipes.
Oil change quantity: quantity of oil necessary to fill the system or unit during the normal inspection and mainte-
nance operations.
ASTM: American Society of Testing and Materials
SAE: Society of Automotive Engineers
API: American Petroleum Institute
UTTO: Universal Tractor Transmission Oil
NLGI: National Lubricant Grease Institute
173
4.3.2 HOMOLOGATED SYNTHETIC BIODEGRADABLE LUBRICANTS

“HEES”
Komatsu machines can be filled with synthetic biodegradable hydraulic oil type HEES not of plant origin and there-
fore the use of the oils indicated in the following table is authorized and recommended: .
SUPPLIER SYNTHETIC BIODEGRADABLE OIL “HEES”

KOMATSU BO 46 G4 (KES 07.872)
AGIP —
ARAL —
AVIA —
BP —
CONDAT CONDAT D 46 K
ELF —
ESSO —
FINA BIOHYDRAN SE 46
FUCHS —
KENDALL —
KUWAIT PETROLEUM K8 —
MOBIL EAL SYNDRAULIC
MOBIL (USA) —
PAKELO —
PANOLIN HLP SYNTH 46
SHELL NATURELLE HFX-32
TAMOIL —
TEXACO —
TOTAL HYDROBIO 46
VALVOLINE —
CAUTION
q It is not possible to mix the synthetic biodegradable oil type HEES with ordinary hydraulic oils, since
when the temperature increases insoluble compounds are generated, which are deposited on the filters
and clog them (the maximum concentration of ordinary oil must not exceed 1% of the total quantity of
oil).
q Biodegradable oil can be used only in the hydraulic system; it cannot be used for the engine, the trans-
mission, the braking system, etc.
q Before introducing biodegradable oil in the hydraulic system, empty the system completely, disconnect-
ing the cylinders and all the parts that may contain conventional oil, and replace the drain filter with a
new one.
q Start the engine and let it idle without using the work equipment, wait until the oil reaches a temperature
of at least 40°C, then start moving the equipment, so that all the parts of the system are filled with oil.
q Stop the engine and check the oil level (see "4.8.6.a CHECKING THE HYDRAULIC OIL LEVEL").
174
DRIVING TORQUES
4.4 DRIVING TORQUES
4.4.1 STANDARD DRIVING TORQUES FOR SCREWS AND NUTS
CAUTION
q If screws, nuts or other parts are not tightened with the required torque, they may become loose or dam-
age the components with which they cooperate, and this may cause machine failures or operation prob-
lems. Always pay the utmost attention when carrying out tightening operations.
If not specified otherwise, tighten screws and nuts with the torque
indicated in the table.
If it is necessary to replace a screw or a nut, always use Komatsu
original spare parts of the same size as those to be replaced.
RYA02980
a Nm (Newton metre): 1 Nm = 0.102 Kgm

Thread 8.8 10.9
Pitch Wrench size
diameter (a)
(mm) (b) (mm) kgm Nm kgm Nm
(mm)
6 1 10 0.96 ± 0.1 9.5 ± 1 1.3 ± 0.15 13.5 ± 1.5

8 1.25 13 2.3 ± 0.2 23 ± 2 3.2 ± 0.3 32.2 ± 3.5
10 1.5 17 4.6 ± 0.5 45 ± 4.9 6.5 ± 0.6 63 ± 6.5
12 1.75 19 7.8 ± 0.8 77 ± 8 11 ± 1 108 ± 11
14 2 22 12.5 ± 1 122 ± 13 17.5 ± 2 172 ± 18
16 2 24 19.5 ± 2 191 ± 21 27 ± 3 268 ± 29

18 2.5 27 27 ± 3 262 ± 28 37 ± 4 366 ± 36
20 2.5 30 38 ± 4 372 ± 40 53 ± 6 524 ± 57
22 2.5 32 52 ± 6 511 ± 57 73 ± 8 719 ± 80
24 3 36 66 ± 7 644 ± 70 92 ± 10 905 ± 98
27 3 41 96 ± 10 945 ± 100 135 ± 15 1329 ± 140

30 3.5 46 131 ± 14 1287 ± 140 184 ± 20 1810 ± 190
33 3.5 50 177 ± 20 1740 ± 200 250 ± 27 2455 ± 270
36 4 55 230 ± 25 2250 ± 250 320 ± 35 3150 ± 350
39 4 60 295 ± 33 2900 ± 330 410 ± 45 4050 ± 450
IMPORTANT
q This driving torque table is not valid for screws or nuts that must fasten parts made of nylon or similar
materials onto washers or components made of nylon or nonferrous metals or requiring specific driving
torques.
175
DRIVING TORQUES
4.4.2 SPECIFIC DRIVING TORQUES FOR SCREWS AND NUTS

a Nm (Newton metre): 1 Nm = 0,102 Kgm
ITEM DESCRIPTION kgm Nm
Front support screws 20.4 ± 1 200 ± 9.8

Cab
Rear support screws 20.4 ± 1 200 ± 9.8
Front 28.5 ± 1 280 ± 9.8

Wheels
Rear 51 ± 1 500 ± 9.8
Front bucket Teeth 16 ± 1 157 ± 9.8
Central teeth 16 ± 1 157 ± 9.8

Backhoe bucket
Side teeth 16 ± 1 157 ± 9.8
Front support central screw 20 ± 1 196 ± 9.8

Engine and transmission
Rear support central screw 20 ± 1 196 ± 9.8
4.4.3 STANDARD DRIVING TORQUES FOR

HOSES WITH ORFS
If not specified otherwise, tighten hose nuts with the torque indi-
cated in the table.
If it is necessary to replace a hose, always use Komatsu original a
spare parts of the same size as those to be replaced.
RKA12600
a Nm (Newton metre): 1 Nm = 0,102 Kgm
Thread diameter (mm) Wrench size DRIVING TORQUE

(a) (mm) kgm Nm
.9/16” - 18 17 2.3 - 2.5 23 - 25

11/16” - 16 22 3.4 - 3.9 33 - 38
13/16” - 16 24 5.2 - 5.8 51 - 57
1” - 14 30 8.2 - 9.2 80 - 90
1.3/16” - 12 36 12.2 - 13.3 120 - 130
1.7/16” - 12 41 15.3 - 17.3 150 - 170
1.11/16” - 12 50 18.4 - 20.4 180 - 200
2” - 12 57 20.4 - 24.4 200 - 240
176
LUBRICATION
4.5 LUBRICATION
4.5.1 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM

IMPORTANT
q For the lubrication of specific components, see "4.7 MAINTENANCE PLAN".
q The type of lubricant to be used is indicated in the lubricant chart (see "4.3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LU-
BRICANTS").
RKA15780
12
2 3 7
11 8 4 5 6
10
15 18
17 check
14 13 9 19 16 change
10h 50h 250h 500h 1000h 2000h
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 10 8 9 19 12 13 14 15 17 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 19
42N-93-11210
Engine oil Hydraulic oil
Transmission oil Grease
Brake oil
177
LUBRICATION
4.5.2 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM (4in1 bucket and pallet forks)

IMPORTANT
q For the other greasing points, see "4.5.1 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM".
q The points indicated are symmetrical and must be lubricated every 10 hours of operation.
q The fork sliding bars and the safety pins must be lubricated with grease only to protect them from oxida-
tion.
q The fork joints (A) must be lubricated only if the forks are used.
10 h
RKA15470
Grease Grease
178
LUBRICATION
4.5.3 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM (front bucket quick couplings)

IMPORTANT
q The points indicated are symmetrical and must be lubricated every 10 hours of operation.
10 h
RWAA9200
Grease
179
LUBRICATION
4.5.4 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM (offset device)

IMPORTANT
10 h
RKA14130
Grease
180
PERIODICAL CHANGE OF THE SAFETY RELATED COMPONENTS
4.6 PERIODICAL CHANGE OF THE SAFETY RELATED COMPO-

NENTS
To ensure safety at any moment while driving and using the machine, the operator must carry out all the routine
maintenance operations prescribed. Furthermore, the operator must periodically change the components indicat-
ed in the table in the following page, which are especially related to safety and fire-prevention rules. These compo-
nents are subject to wear and since it is particularly difficult to evaluate their conditions through simple routine
maintenance, after a certain time interval it is advisable to change them independently of their state, in order to
keep them efficient over time. Repair or replace these components immediately in case of failures or anomalies,
even if the time interval prescribed for their change has not elapsed yet.
If the pipe clamps show signs of deterioration, like deformations or cracks, change them together with the pipes.
In addition to the periodical change of the components listed in the following page, the inspections described here
below are to be carried out on the hydraulic pipes. In case of anomalies, carry out the necessary adjustments and
changes, or adopt any other measure required.
Type of check Items to be checked
Before starting the engine Leakages from joints, hydraulic pipes or fuel pipes
Leakages from joints, hydraulic pipes or fuel pipes. Damaged hydraulic or

Periodically (monthly)
fuel pipes (cracks, wear and tear)
Leakages from joints, hydraulic pipes or fuel pipes. Deteriorated, twisted,

Periodically (yearly) damaged hydraulic or fuel pipes (cracks, wear and tear) or pipes in con-
tact with other parts of the machine
181
4.6.1 SAFETY RELATED PARTS

NOTE
q For the quantities and codes of the safety related components to be changed, see the spare parts catalogue.
q When changing pipes, always change O rings, gaskets and analogous components.
4.6.1.1 FUEL SYSTEM

Safety related components that periodically
No. Q.ty Change interval
need changing
1 Fuel pipe (Fuel tank – Fuel pump) 1 Every 2 years or 4000 hours,
2 Fuel pipe (Injection pump – Fuel tank) 1 whichever occurs first.
1 2
RKA14150
182
4.6.1.2 DELIVERY HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

need changing
Every 2 years or 4000 hours,

1 Hydraulic pipe (Hydraulic pump – distributor) 1
whichever occurs first.
RKA14160
183
4.6.1.3 FRONT LOADER HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

need changing
2 Hydraulic pipes (Cylinders – loader arm) 4

3 Hydraulic pipes (Cylinders – loader bucket) 4
whichever occurs firs
4 Hydraulic pipes (Cylinders – 4in1 bucket) 4
3 3 3
2 2
RKA14170
184
4.6.1.4 BACKHOE HYDRALIC SYSTEM

need changing
5 Hydraulic pipes (Cylinder – backhoe boom) 2

6 Hydraulic pipes (Cylinder – backhoe arm) 2
whichever occurs firs
7 Hydraulic pipes (cylinder – backhoe bucket) 4
6
7
RKA14180
185
4.6.1.5 OPERATOR’S SAFETY

Safety related components that
periodically need changing
1 Safety belt 1 Every 4 years 1
RWA31240
186
MAINTENANCE PLAN
4.7 MAINTENANCE PLAN
WHEN REQUIRED
a. CHECKING, CLEANING OR CHANGING THE ENGINE AIR FILTERS.......................................................................... 189
b. CHECKING AND CLEANING THE CAB AIR FILTER ..................................................................................................... 190
c. CHECKING AND CLEANING THE AIR RECIRCULATION FILTER (only for machines with air conditioner) ................. 191
d. CHECKING THE DETERGENT LEVEL IN THE WINDSHIELD WASHER RESERVOIR ............................................... 191
e. CHECKING THE WINDSHIELD WIPER BLADES .......................................................................................................... 192
f. LUBRICATING THE CAB DOOR HINGES ...................................................................................................................... 192
g. FUSES AND RELAYS – CHECK AND CHANGE ............................................................................................................ 192
h. BLEEDING THE BRAKING CIRCUIT.............................................................................................................................. 193
i. CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE FRONT WHEEL TOE-IN........................................................................................ 194
j. CHECKING THE BRAKING EFFICIENCY........................................................................................................................ 194
k. CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE PARKING BRAKE.................................................................................................. 195
l. CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE BRAKE PEDAL STROKE ...................................................................................... 196
m. ADJUSTING THE AUTOMATIC RETURN-TO-DIG DEVICE OF THE FRONT BUCKET (if installed) ............................... 196
n. CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE STABILIZER SLACK.............................................................................................. 197
MAINTENANCE INTERVALS IN CASE OF USE OF THE DEMOLITION HAMMER

a. CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC OIL FILTER.................................................................................................................... 198
b. CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC OIL................................................................................................................................. 198
CHECKS TO BE CARRIED OUT BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE

a. VARIOUS CHECKS ......................................................................................................................................................... 199
b. CHECKING THE COOLANT LEVEL ............................................................................................................................... 199
c. CHECKING THE FUEL LEVEL ....................................................................................................................................... 200
d. CHECKING THE ENGINE OIL LEVEL ............................................................................................................................ 200
MAINTENANCE EVERY 10 HOURS OF OPERATION

a. LUBRICATING THE JOINTS ........................................................................................................................................... 201
MAINTENANCE AFTER THE FIRST 50 HOURS OF OPERATION

(Only for machines in which synthetic biodegradable oil type HEES is used) (Operations to be
carried out together with those prescribed at point “4.8.6 MAINTENANCE EVERY 50 HOURS OF
OPERATION”)
a. CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM OIL FILTER .................................................................................................... 214

a. CHECKING THE HYDRAULIC OIL LEVEL ..................................................................................................................... 203
b. CHECKING THE FLUID LEVEL IN THE RADIATOR ...................................................................................................... 204
c. CHECKING THE BRAKING SYSTEM OIL LEVEL.......................................................................................................... 204
d. LUBRICATING THE PROPELLER SHAFTS ................................................................................................................... 205
e. LUBRICATING THE FRONT AXLE JOINTS AND CENTRAL COUPLING ..................................................................... 206
f. CHECKING THE TYRE PRESSURE .............................................................................................................................. 206
g. DRAINING THE WATER SEPARATOR ........................................................................................................................... 207
187
MAINTENANCE PLAN

(Operations to be carried out together with those prescribed at point "4.8.8 MAINTE-
NANCE EVERY 250 HOURS OF OPERATION")
a. CHANGING THE FRONT AXLE OIL ............................................................................................................................... 222
b. CHANGING THE REAR AXLE OIL ................................................................................................................................. 223
c. CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OIL .................................................................................................... 224
d. CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OIL FILTER ....................................................................................... 225
e. CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM OIL FILTER .................................................................................................... 214

a. CHECKING THE ALTERNATOR-FAN BELT ................................................................................................................... 208
b. CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE A/C COMPRESSOR BELT TENSION (only for machines with air conditioner)..... 209
c. CHECKING THE BATTERY ELECTROLYTE LEVEL...................................................................................................... 210
d. CHECKING THE FRONT AXLE OIL LEVELS................................................................................................................. 211
e. CHECKING THE REAR AXLE OIL LEVEL...................................................................................................................... 211
f. CHECKING THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OIL LEVEL......................................................................................... 212
g. CHECKING THE WHEEL NUT DRIVING TORQUE ....................................................................................................... 212

(Only for machines in which synthetic biodegradable oil type HEES is used)
(Operations to be carried out together with those prescribed at point “4.8.10 MAINTE-
NANCE EVERY 500 HOURS OF OPERATION”)
a. CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC OIL AND CLEANING THE INTAKE FILTER.................................................................. 226

a. CHANGING THE ENGINE OIL........................................................................................................................................ 213
b. CHANGING THE ENGINE OIL FILTER........................................................................................................................... 214
c. CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM OIL FILTER .................................................................................................... 214
d. CHANGING THE FUEL FILTER ...................................................................................................................................... 217
e. DRAINING THE FUEL TANK........................................................................................................................................... 218
f. DRAINING THE HYDRAULIC OIL TANK (only for machines in which synthetic biodegradable oil type HEES is used).... 219
g. CLEANING THE OUTSIDE OF THE RADIATOR ............................................................................................................ 220
h. CLEANING THE OUTSIDE OF THE A/C CONDENSER (only for machines with air conditioner).................................. 221

a. CHANGING THE FRONT AXLE OIL ............................................................................................................................... 222
b. CHANGING THE REAR AXLE OIL ................................................................................................................................. 223
c. CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OIL .................................................................................................... 224
d. CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OIL FILTER ....................................................................................... 225

a. CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC OIL AND CLEANING THE INTAKE FILTER.................................................................. 226
b. CHANGING THE COOLANT ........................................................................................................................................... 228
c. CHANGING THE BRAKING SYSTEM OIL...................................................................................................................... 229
d. CHECKING THE ALTERNATOR AND THE STARTER ................................................................................................... 230
e. CHANGING THE ALTERNATOR BELT ........................................................................................................................... 230
f. CHECKING THE A/C COOLING GAS QUANTITY (only for machines with air conditioner)........................................... 230

a. CHECKING THE ENGINE RETAINING SCREWS AND DAMPING ELEMENTS ........................................................... 231
b. CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE ENGINE VALVE CLEARANCE AND THE INJECTION TIMING ADVANCE ......... 231

a. CHANGING THE A/C DEWATERING FILTER (Only for machines with air conditioner) ................................................. 232
b. CHECKING THE OPERATING CONDITIONS OF THE A/C COMPRESSOR (Only for machines with air conditioner). 232
c. CHANGING THE ENGINE THERMOSTATIC VALVE...................................................................................................... 232
188
MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
4.8 MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
4.8.1 WHEN REQUIRED

4.8.1.a CHECKING, CLEANING OR CHANGING
THE ENGINE AIR FILTERS
WARNING
q Remove the air filter only after stopping the engine and do
not start the engine if the air filter is open. A
q Wear safety goggles during the cleaning operations.
IMPORTANT
q The air filtering system consists of a primary filtering ele- RKAB3690
ment with considerable capacity and of a secondary car-

tridge that ensures additional safety protection.
The primary element can be cleaned with compressed air,
while the safety cartridge can only be changed.
1
q The filter must be cleaned when the clogging warning light
(A) positioned on the side dashboard comes on or flashes. 2
To reach the air filter lift the loader arm, engage the mechanical
safety lock and open the engine hood (see "3.5.1 ENGINE
HOOD").
To clean the primary element, proceed as follows: 12.5°
1 - Release the safety retainer (1), moving it toward the outside.
2 - Turn the cover (2) counterclockwise by approximately 12.5°. RKAB3700
3 - Lift the cover (2) and extract the filtering element (3).
4 - Slightly strike the filtering element (3) on the palm of your
hand, in such a way as to remove the dust, and blow com- 4
pressed air on the inner surface, keeping the air jet at a dis-
tance of approximately 15 cm and taking care to prevent the
pressure from exceeding 4-5 bars.
5 - After the cleaning operations, inspect the filtering surface for
damage by introducing a lamp into the cartridge and carefully 3
check the gaskets of the front seals.
If the cartridge is damaged, replace it.
6 - Carefully clean the inside of the filter housing (4), taking care
to prevent foreign bodies from getting into the suction duct. RKAB3710
7 - Put back the filtering element (3), making sure that it fits per-
fectly in its seat.
RKAA1410
189
8 - Put back the cover (2), turning it clockwise by approximately

12.5°. Make sure that the cover (2) is perfectly locked and 1
make sure that the ejector (5) is positioned vertically on the
lower part.
9 - Once the whole has been assembled, push the safety retain- 2
er (1) toward the inside.
IMPORTANT
q If the clogging warning light comes on after the starting of
the engine, it is necessary to change the primary filtering
12.5°
element and the safety cartridge.
5
q Change the primary filtering element after 6 cleaning oper- RKAB3720
ations or after one year. Every time the primary filtering ele-
ment is replaced, the safety cartridge must be replaced,
too. 4
To change the safety cartridge (6), after removing the primary ele-
ment (3), proceed as follows: 6
1 - Remove the safety cartridge (6) and replace it with a new
one.
2 - Once the safety cartridge (6) has been installed inside the fil-
ter housing (4), make sure that it fits perfectly in its seat.
3 - Reassemble the whole as described above, making sure that
all the filter components are perfectly secured. RKAB3730
4 - Push the safety lock (1) towards the inside.
4.8.1.b CHECKING AND CLEANING THE CAB

AIR FILTER
1
WARNING
The air suction for the ventilation of the cab is protected by a filter 2
positioned on the right side of the cab.
This filter blocks all the impurities contained in the air and must be
cleaned whenever a decrease in air circulation is observed.
The filter can be reached from the outside of the cab. To clean the RKAB4870
filtering element, proceed as follows:

1 - Remove the screws (1), remove the outer guard (2) and ex-
tract the filtering element (3).
2 - Hit the element slightly on the palm of your hand to eliminate
the dust and blow compressed air on its surfaces, keeping
the jet at a distance of about 15 cm and making sure that the
pressure does not exceed 4÷5 bars.
3 - Carefully clean the filter housing, taking care to prevent any
foreign body from getting into the suction duct, and reassem- 3
ble the unit.
IMPORTANT
q If the filtering element is excessively clogged or damaged,
RKAB4950
change it with a new one.
190
4.8.1.c CHECKING AND CLEANING THE AIR

RECIRCULATION FILTER (only for 1
machines with air conditioner)
WARNING
2
If the machine is provided with air conditioning system, in addition

to the external filter there is also an internal filter (3) for internal air
recirculation. This is a filter that holds the impurities present in the RKAB4840
air and it must be cleaned whenever a decrease in air circulation
is observed. The filter can be reached from the inside of the cab
and to clean the filtering element it is necessary to proceed as fol-
lows:
1 - Open the door (1) of the storage compartment, remove the
container (2) and extract the filtering element (3).
3
2 - Hit the element slightly on the palm of your hand to eliminate
the dust and blow compressed air on its surfaces, keeping
the jet at a distance of about 15 cm and making sure that the
pressure does not exceed 4÷5 bars.
3 - Carefully clean the filter housing, taking care to prevent any
foreign matter from getting into the suction duct.
RKAB4890
4 - Put back the filtering element (3), the container of the storage
compartment (2) and close the door (1).
IMPORTANT
q If the filtering element is excessively clogged or damaged,
change it with a new one.
4.8.1.d CHECKING THE DETERGENT LEVEL IN

THE WINDSHIELD WASHER RESERVOIR
The reservoir (1) is positioned inside the engine compartment and
contains detergent for the front and rear windshields; make sure 1
that the reservoir is always filled with detergent. If necessary, add
non-flammable detergent of the type used for cars.
While topping up, be careful to prevent dust from getting into the
reservoir.
IMPORTANT
q To fill the reservoir, use only non-flammable detergent of
RKAB3740
the type used for cars.
q Do not use the antifreezes used in engine cooling systems.
Quantity of detergent to be mixed with water
Proportions vary according to the ambient temperature. Before topping up, it is advisable to dilute the detergent
with water according to the quantities indicated in the following table.
Area, season Proportions Freezing temperature
Normal Detergent 1/3 Water 2/3 -4 °C
Cold area - winter Detergent 1/2 Water 1/2 -6 °C
Very cold area - winter Undiluted detergent -16 °C
191
4.8.1.e CHECKING THE WINDSHIELD WIPER BLADES

The windshield wiper blades should be checked once the windshield wipers have stopped working, by verifying
the conditions of the windshield.
If any lines are left on the windshield after washing and wiping it, this means that the scraping wire has deteriorat-
ed and therefore it is necessary to change the blades.
IMPORTANT
q To ensure optimal operation of the windshield wiper, it is advisable to change the blades at least once a
year. Change the blades more frequently if the machine works in difficult environmental conditions. Al-
ways keep the windows clean, removing any residue of dirt, grease or other substances, since these
may prevent the regular operation of the windshield wiper.
4.8.1.f LUBRICATING THE CAB DOOR HINGES

The cab door hinges should be lubricated when a squealing noise is heard on opening or closing the cab door or
when signs of oxidation are found on the shoulder washers or on the pivots.
The lubrication procedure consists in injecting grease into the nipples provided on the hinge axes.
For further information on the grease to use, see "4.3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS".
CAUTION
q Inject grease until all the residual old grease has come out.
q After lubrication, remove all the grease that has come out and clean the area.
4.8.1.g FUSES AND RELAYS – CHECK AND CHANGE

IMPORTANT
q When changing a fuse, make sure that the ignition key is in position « ».
q If the fuses are oxidized, corroded or do not fit perfectly in their seat, replace them only with new fuses
having the same capacity.
q If the engine does not turn when the ignition key is brought to position « » START, check the engine
start fuse and if necessary change it.
CENTRAL UNIT FUSES – RELAYS AND ENGINE LINE

The fuses and relays are grouped on a single base positioned in
the right body side of the cab. They can be reached by removing
the cover (1). 1
For information on the capacity and characteristics of the fuses
and relays to be replaced, see "3.4.1 CENTRAL UNIT FUSES –
RELAYS AND ENGINE LINE".
RKAB3240
VENTILATION, HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING FUSES

AND RELAYS 2
The fuses and relays are grouped on a single base positioned un-
der the storage compartment and can be reached after opening
the door (2) and removing the container (3).
For information on the capacity and characteristics of the fuses 3
and relays to be replaced, see "3.4.1 CENTRAL UNIT FUSES –
RELAYS AND ENGINE LINE"..
RKAB4720
192
4.8.1.h BLEEDING THE BRAKING CIRCUIT
WARNING 1
q Oil spilled on the floor may cause the floor to become slip-
pery; immediately clean any dirty area.
q The braking system must be bled with the machine posi-
tioned on level ground, the loader arm completely lowered,
the backhoe boom in transport position and the parking
brake applied.
q Oils, filters, the coolant and the battery are considered spe- RKAB3760
cial waste and must be collected and disposed of accord-

ing to the regulations in force.
This operation is important, since it ensures the braking efficiency

and power of the machine.
Proceed as follows:
1 - Disconnect the brake pedals, so that they are independent of 2
each other.
2 - Apply a small pipe for the collection of the oil to the drain
screws (1).
3 - Remove the front guard (2) and the cap (3) from the reservoir
(4). RKAB3770
4 - Make sure that the oil in the braking system reaches the
maximum level.
5 - Press the left brake pedal thoroughly and, keeping it pressed,
loosen the drain screw (1) of the corresponding brake until
the pedal reaches the end of stroke. 3
Use a 13 mm wrench.
6 - While keeping the pedal completely pressed, tighten the
drain screw (1). 4
7 - Release the brake pedal, wait a few seconds and repeat the
operations described above until no air bubbles can be no-
ticed in the oil that flows out of the drain screw (1).
8 - Carry out the same operations for the right pedal. RKAB3750
9 - After bleeding the circuit, start the machine and check the
braking efficiency; if necessary, bleed the circuit again.
10 - Put back the front guard (2).
IMPORTANT
q When bleeding the system, apply a small pipe to the
screws (1), in order to collect the oil.
q The bleeding procedure must be carried out for both brak-
ing units, disconnecting the pedals from each other.
q Frequently check the oil level in the braking system and
top up whenever the oil is near the minimum level.
q To top up, use only new oil of the prescribed type.
193
4.8.1.i CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE FRONT

WHEEL TOE-IN
This check must be carried out according to time intervals fixed by
1
the operator, since any anomaly regarding the wheel toe-in is due
to impacts or vibrations that depend on the type of surface on
which the machine works.
Another reason that should lead the operator to perform this
check is the excessive wear of the front tyres.
The machine has been designed with a toe-in equal to 0 mm.
Every adjustment must restore this value and must be carried out
on the coupling bars (1) after loosening the nuts (2) that lock RWAA0580
them.
(Use 27 and 19 mm wrenches).
During this check and the relevant adjustment, it is advisable to
check also the conditions of the articulated heads (3); if a consid-
erable slack is observed, change them immediately. 3 1 2
RWA02980
4.8.1.j CHECKING THE BRAKING EFFICIENCY

IMPORTANT
q During running-in, check the braking efficiency after the
first 100 hours of operation.
2
q Perform this check on firm, level ground, with no people or
obstacles around.
This check must be carried out after setting the work equipment in
the travel or transport position and engaging all the safety locks.
1
1 - Connect the brake pedals (2) with the pin (1).
2 - Release the parking brake and start the engine (see "3.6.2 RWA13970
STARTING THE ENGINE".).

3- Engage the 2nd speed and the forward gear.
4 - Accelerate until reaching the maximum speed.
5 - Press the brake pedals. The machine must brake smoothly,
on a straight line, and the tension of the pedals must be con-
stant.
Otherwise, contact your Komatsu Dealer.
RKAB2810
194
4.8.1.k CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE PARK-

ING BRAKE
IMPORTANT
q During running-in, check the efficiency of the parking
brake after the first 100 hours of operation.
CHECK
Check conditions 20% (1/5)
q Tyre pressure in accordance with the prescribed values.
q Road surface dry, compact, with a gradient of approx. 20% 11° 20'
RKA14190
(11°20’).
q Machine in operating conditions without load.
1 - Start the engine (see "3.6.2 STARTING THE ENGINE".).
2 - Align the machine in travel position on a straight road section
and proceed up the slope with 20% gradient.
3 - Stop the machine with the service brake, shift the reversing
gear lever (1) to the neutral position (N) and stop the engine.
4 - Apply the parking brake (lock position), release the service
brake slowly and make sure that the machine does not move.
ADJUSTMENT 20% (1/5)
1 - With the engine off, release the brake lever and rotate the le-
ver end (2) by giving it 2 or 3 counterclockwise turns. 11° 20' RKA14200
2 - Start the engine, apply the parking brake and check again.
RKAB4530
RKAB4520 RKAB4510
195
4.8.1.l CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE BRAKE

PEDAL STROKE
This check must be carried out when operating on the braking
unit in order to eliminate any trouble.
To check and adjust the brake pedal stroke, proceed as follows:
1 - Insert the connection pin (1) in order to couple the pedals.
2 - By acting on the end-of-stroke rubber pads (2), position the
pedals in correspondence with measure “A” - 313 mm; lock
the pads in this position. 1
(Use a 13 mm wrench).
RWA13980
3 - Lower the pedals to measure “A”-303 mm and adjust the
brake pump rods (3) until they touch the brake pump pistons;
lock them in this position.
(Use a 22 mm wrench). 2
RWA38040
A
RWA16470
4.8.1.m ADJUSTING THE AUTOMATIC RETURN-

TO-DIG DEVICE OF THE FRONT BUCKET
(0.078-0.157 in)
(if installed)
The device for the automatic return of the front bucket to the dig-
2-4 mm
ging position automatically brings the front bucket to the loading

position when it is lowered to the ground.
The sensor is positioned on the right dumping cylinder and deter-
mines the horizontal position of the bucket, parallel to the ground,
after the bucket dumping control has reached the end of stroke
and the electromagnet of the distributor rod has been activated
(see "3.3.6 pos. 4 - FRONT LOADER CONTROL LEVER"). RWA34420
The sensor must be positioned at a distance of 2-4 mm (0.078-
0.157 inches) from the sliding rod.
196
4.8.1.n CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE STABI-

LIZER SLACK
3
WARNING
q When leaving the operator’s seat for the adjustment of the
guides, remove the ignition key.
1 - Position the machine on level ground, raise the stabilizers

completely, engage all the safety locks and stop the engine. 4
2 - Push and pull each stabilizer manually and make sure that
the slack between the mobile rod (1) and the adjusting ele- RKA14210
ment (2) is included between 0.5 and 1.0 mm.

If the slack exceeds the values indicated, loosen the screws
(3), remove the adjusting plate (4) and remove one or more
4
washers (5) from both the adjusting points, according to the
needs.
Once they have been removed, the washers (5) must be po-
sitioned again between the adjusting plate (4) and the screws
(3).
During the adjustment, check the condition of the adjusting
element (2) and change it immediately if it is excessively
worn.
After reassembling the washers (5), plate (4) and fastening
3
screws (3) in this order, check if the slack is within the pre- RKA14220
scribed values.
3 3
5 5
2 1
RWA17270
197
4.8.2 MAINTENANCE INTERVALS IN CASE OF USE OF THE DEMOLITION

HAMMER
In machines equipped with demolition hammer hydraulic oil deteriorates more rapidly than in machines used for
simple digging operations.
When using the demolition hammer, always keep to the following maintenance plan.
4.8.2.a CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC OIL FILTER

In new machines, change the filter after the first 100÷150 hours of
operation and for the successive changes keep to the indications
Replacement interval
given in the table on the right. for hydraulic oil
If the machine contains synthetic biodegradable oil type HEES,
the filter must be changed after the first 50 hours of operation. 2000
Replacement interval (H)

4.8.2.b CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC OIL 1500
Change the hydraulic oil in the tank according to the intervals indi-
cated in the table on the right. 1000
On machines containing synthetic biodegradable oil type HEES,
change the oil after the first 500 hours of operation and for the Replacement
interval
successive changes keep to the indications given in the table on 500 for element
the right.
0 20 40 60 80 100
Breaker operating
ratio (%)
RWA10900
198
4.8.3 CHECKS TO BE CARRIED OUT BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE

4.8.3.a VARIOUS CHECKS
WARNING
q Dirt, oil and fuel in the engine compartment near hot parts may damage the machine and even cause
fires.
Check frequently and eliminate any leakage; if leakages occur repeatedly, contact your Komatsu Dealer.
Before starting the engine, proceed as follows:

1. Check for loose screws or nuts.
2. Check for oil, fuel or coolant leakages.
3. Check for unusual wear, deformation or cracks.
4. Check the condition of the rims and the condition and wear of the tyres.
5. Make sure that instruments, lights, work lights and direction indicators work correctly.
The other general checks concern safety:
6. Check the soundness of the safety belt.
7. Check the soundness and legibility of the warning plates.
8. Make sure that the ladders and handles used to reach the driver’s seat and the inside of the cab are clean.
4.8.3.b CHECKING THE COOLANT LEVEL
WARNING
q Do not remove the radiator cap; the coolant level must be
checked with cold engine, through the expansion tank.
The coolant level must be checked on the expansion tank (1),

when the engine is cold, and must be included between the MIN.
and MAX. reference marks.
Check the level through the hole positioned on the right side of
the engine hood: the coolant level must exceed the MIN. refer- RKAB3780
ence mark.
If the level is near the MIN. mark, fill the tank with coolant, and if
the level decreases considerably and constantly, check the radia-
tor-engine seals and the radiator body for leaks and check the flu- MAX. 1
id level in the radiator (see "4.8.6.b CHECKING THE FLUID
LEVEL IN THE RADIATOR").
The expansion tank (1) can be reached after opening the engine
hood (see "3.5.1 ENGINE HOOD").
MIN.
RKAB3790
199
4.8.3.c CHECKING THE FUEL LEVEL
WARNING
q When refuelling, avoid spilling fuel, since this may cause a
fire hazard. If fuel is spilled, wipe it up immediately.
q Fuel is flammable; do not use naked flames and do not 1
smoke when refuelling.
q Hold the fuel gun constantly in contact with the filler.
To check the fuel level, use the fuel gauge positioned on the side RKAB3800
dashboard (1). Do not fill the tank completely, but leave enough
room for the fuel to expand.
IMPORTANT
q It is advisable to refuel after work, in order to avoid the for-
mation of condensate.
q Refuel also when the low fuel warning light on the front
dashboard comes on.
q After refuelling, screw the filler cap (2) thoroughly and lock 2
it.
RKAB3810
4.8.3.d CHECKING THE ENGINE OIL LEVEL

MAX.
WARNING
q Soon after the machine has been stopped the engine is
1 MIN.
very hot and may cause burns; let the engine cool down
before carrying out any check.
The dipstick (1) can be reached after opening the engine hood.
See "3.5.1 ENGINE HOOD".
The oil level must be checked with cold engine and the machine
parked on level ground. RKAB3820
The oil level must be checked on the graduated dipstick (1) and
must be included between the MIN. and MAX. marks; if the level
is near the MIN. mark, top up with oil suitable for the ambient tem-
perature, as indicated in the lubricant chart.
(See "4.3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS").
IMPORTANT
q If it is necessary to check the oil level during or soon after
work, stop the engine and wait 15 minutes before carrying
out the check.
200
4.8.4 MAINTENANCE EVERY 10 HOURS OF OPERATION

4.8.4.a LUBRICATING THE JOINTS
IMPORTANT
q Clean the grease nipples before applying the grease pump.
q After lubrication, remove all the contaminated grease that may have spread out of the nipples.
q If the machine is used in difficult conditions, lubricate the joints more frequently than usual.
This maintenance operation must be carried out with the front bucket resting on the ground and the backhoe
equipment completely extended and resting on the ground, too, as indicated in the figure.
Lubricate the joints using a syringe and the prescribed type of grease (see "4.3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRI-
CANTS" and "4.5.1 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM").
IMPORTANT
q As a general rule, it is important to consider that each cylinder is provided with two grease nipples posi-
tioned on the couplings and that each pin serving as fulcrum point for a movement is provided with at
least one grease nipple.
POINTS TO BE LUBRICATED ON THE FRONT LOADER
5 6 7 8 10 11 12
3
2
1 9
RKA14240
1 - 4in1 bucket opening fulcrum pin (2 points)
2 - 4in1 bucket opening cylinder head pin (2 points)
3 - Tie rod-bucket coupling pin (2 points)
4 - 4in1 bucket opening cylinder base pin (2 points)
5 - Bucket fulcrum pin (2 points)
6 - Tie rod-lever coupling pin - leva (2 points)
7 - Bucket cylinder head pin (2 points)
8 - Lever fulcrum pin (2 points)
9 - Lifting cylinder head pin (2 points)
10 - Lifting cylinder base pin (2 points)
11 - Arm fulcrum pin (2 points)
12 - Bucket cylinder base pin (2 points)
201
POINTS TO BE LUBRICATED ON THE BACKHOE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 15 14 13 12 11 10 RKA14250
1 - Boom swing cylinder base pin (4 points)
2 - Boom swing fulcrum pin (2 points)
3 - Lifting cylinder head and boom locking lever fulcrum pin (3 points)
4 - Lifting cylinder base and arm pin (3 points)
5 - Telescopic arm extension cylinder base pin (1 point)
6 - Bucket cylinder base pin (1 point)
7 - Telescopic arm extension cylinder head pin (1 point)
8 - Bucket cylinder head and lever-tie rod coupling pin (3 points)
9 - Tie rod-bucket coupling pin (2 points)
10 - Bucket fulcrum pin (1 point)
11 - Lever fulcrum pin (1 point)
12 - Arm fulcrum pin (1 point)
13 - Arm cylinder head pin (1 point)
14 - Boom fulcrum pin (2 points)
15 - Boom swing cylinder head pin (2 points)
202

(Only for machines in which synthetic biodegradable oil type HEES is
used)
The following maintenance operation must be carried out after the first 50 hours, together with the maintenance
operations to be carried out “EVERY 50 HOURS”.
a - CHANGE THE HYDRAULIC OIL DRAIN FILTER
For further details, see section "4.8.10 MAINTENANCE EVERY 500 HOURS OF OPERATION".
4.8.6 MAINTENANCE EVERY 50 HOURS

OF OPERATION
4.8.6.a CHECKING THE HYDRAULIC OIL LEVEL
WARNING
q The oil level must be checked with cold oil and the machine
positioned on level ground and in lubricating position.
q If it is necessary to top up, stop the engine and eliminate
the residual pressure from the equipment circuits (by mov-
ing the controls more than once) and from the tank (by
slowly loosening the filler cap (2)).
RKA14230
The oil level must be visible through the window (1) provided on
the tank and must be included between the MIN. and MAX.
marks.
If the level is near the MIN. reference mark, open the engine hood
(see "3.5.1 ENGINE HOOD") and top up through the filler (2) us-
ing the prescribed type of hydraulic oil (see "4.3 FUEL, COOL-
ANT AND LUBRICANTS"). 1
Put back the filler cap (2) and close the engine hood.
IMPORTANT
q Do not exceed the MAX. reference mark. This would dam-
age the hydraulic circuit and cause the oil to overflow.
q If you notice a constant, unusual decrease in the oil level,
contact your Komatsu Dealer. RKAB3830
RKAB3840
203
4.8.6.b CHECKING THE FLUID LEVEL IN THE RADIATOR
WARNING
q Carry out this check with the machine parked on level ground and loader arm lifted with engaged safety
lock.
q Do not remove the radiator cap when the fluid is hot, since the fluid may be sprayed out of the radiator
and cause burns.
q Loosen the cap slowly to release the pressure before removing it..
The radiator cap can be reached after opening the engine hood
(see "3.5.1 ENGINE HOOD").
Remove the cap (1) and make sure that the fluid level is very near
the filling hole.
IMPORTANT
q If the fluid level in the radiator is low and the expansion 1
tank is filled with coolant, check for tightness and make
sure that there are no air leakages from the pipe that con-
nects the radiator to the expansion tank.
If the problem persists, contact your Komatsu Dealer.
RKAB3860
4.8.6.c CHECKING THE BRAKING SYSTEM OIL LEVEL

This operation must be carried out when the warning light (1) on the front instrument panel comes on (see "3.3.1
pos. 8 - LOW OIL PRESSURE OR BRAKING SYSTEM FAILURE WARNING LIGHT").
The brake fluid reservoir (2) can be reached after removing the
front guard (3).
This is a visual check and, if necessary, the reservoir must be 1
topped up with the prescribed fluid until reaching the MAX. mark
(see "4.3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS").
IMPORTANT
q Use new oil only.
q If constant and considerable leakages are observed, it is

advisable to contact a Komatsu Dealer to have the system
checked and the necessary repairs carried out.
RKAB4540
3
2
RKAB3880 RKAB3870
204
4.8.6.d LUBRICATING THE PROPELLER SHAFTS
WARNING
q Carry out this operation with the machine parked on a level
surface, the work equipment resting on the ground and the
engine off.
The propeller shafts must be lubricated after thoroughly cleaning

the grease nipples, by applying the grease pump filled with the
prescribed grease.
(See "4.3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS" and "4.5.1 LU- RKAB3890
BRICATION DIAGRAM").
Once the lubrication procedure has been carried out, make sure
that all the points have been lubricated and remove the used
grease that may have spread out of the joints.
IMPORTANT
q If the machine is used in difficult conditions, carry out this
operation more frequently than usual.
RKAB3900
RKAB3910
RKAB3920
205
4.8.6.e LUBRICATING THE FRONT AXLE JOINTS

AND CENTRAL COUPLING
The lubrication points (1) of the wheel joints are indicated in the
figure and it is important to remember that they are located in 1
symmetrical positions, while the central coupling is lubricated by
means of a grease nipple (2) positioned on the frame.
The lubrication must be carried out after thoroughly cleaning the
grease nipples, by applying the grease pump filled with the pre-
scribed grease.
(See "4.3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS" and "4.5.1 LU-
1
BRICATION DIAGRAM"). RWAA0330
Once the lubrication procedure has been carried out, remove the
contaminated grease that may have spread out of the joints and
of the central coupling.
RKAB3930
4.8.6.f CHECKING THE TYRE PRESSURE
WARNING
q Inflate the tyres only after positioning them in a protection
cage.
q Stand beside the tyre to inflate it.
q Do not exceed the pressure values indicated in the techni-
cal data sheet (see "5.1 TECHNICAL DATA").
This check is indispensable to preserve the tyres, keep them effi- RWA01680
cient over time and make them last longer.

Pressure must be as prescribed in the specifications.
(See "5.1 TECHNICAL DATA").
While checking the tyre pressure, check also the conditions of the
tread and sidewalls.
206
4.8.6.g DRAINING THE WATER SEPARATOR
WARNING
q Fuel is flammable; do not use naked flames and do not
smoke while draining the water separator.
q If some fuel is spilled, wipe it up immediately.
This operation serves to drain the condensate and must be car-

ried out with full tank, in order to prevent air from entering the fuel
circuit. 1
RKAB3850
The condensate must be drained at the end of work, before the
engine has completely cooled down, in order to prevent it from
freezing if the temperature drops considerably.
The water separator can be reached after removing the engine
Drain the condensate by loosening the plug (1), waiting until only
clear diesel oil flows out.
207

The following maintenance operations must be carried out after the first 250 hours, together with the maintenance
a - CHANGE THE FRONT AXLE OIL
b - CHANGE THE REAR AXLE OIL
c - CHANGE THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OIL
d - CHANGE THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OIL FILTER
e - CHANGE THE HYDRAULIC OIL DRAIN FILTER
For further details, see sections "4.8.10 MAINTENANCE EVERY 500 HOURS OF OPERATION" and "4.8.11
MAINTENANCE EVERY 1000 HOURS OF OPERATION".
For checks and adjustments, contact your Komatsu Dealer.

Carry out the following operations together with those to be performed every 50 HOURS.
4.8.8.a CHECKING THE ALTERNATOR-FAN BELT
WARNING 2
q Carry out this checking and maintenance operation only
with cold engine. 1
The belt (1) can be reached after opening the engine hood (see
"3.5.1 ENGINE HOOD") and after removing the fan guard (2).
This check is visual, must be carried out with cold engine and
consists in inspecting the belt for cuts, fraying, cracks.
If you find any of these defects, have the belt changed by a Ko- RKAB4130
matsu Dealer.
208
4.8.8.b CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE A/C

COMPRESSOR BELT TENSION 5-6mm
(only for machines with air conditioner) 10 kg
WARNING 3 2
q The coolant used in the air conditioning system is very
dangerous. If it is sprayed into the eyes or in case of con-
tact with the skin, it may cause blindness or frostbite. To 1
avoid any explosion, do not generate sparks and do not
use naked flames near the air conditioner.
RKA14260
q The adjustment of the belt tension is a mechanical opera-
tion and must be carried out without working on the air
conditioning system
q Carry out this check with cold engine.
4
The compressor belt can be reached after opening the engine
The check is manual and consists in exerting pressure on the belt
(1) at the centre of the section between the compressor (2) and
the pulley (3).
If the pressure exerted is approximately 10 kg, the resulting de-
flection must be approx. 5-6 mm.
When the belt is new, the resulting deflection must be approx. 4 RKAB4140
mm.
If the resulting deflection exceeds the values indicated, proceed
as follows:
1 - Remove the belt guard (4).
2 - Loosen the screw (5) that fastens the cam (6). 8
3 - Loosen the screw (7) that fastens the compressor (2).
4 - Loosen the nut (8) and tighten the screw (9) to achieve the 9
correct tension. 7
6 2
5 - Secure the belt in this position using the screws (7) and the
nut (8).
IMPORTANT
5
RKAB4150
q If the belt is worn or in case of doubt on its conditions,
change it and check the tension again after a few hours of
operation.
q It is advisable to start the air conditioner only with low en-
gine rpm and not during acceleration, to avoid damaging
the system or breaking the compressor drive belt.
209
4.8.8.c CHECKING THE BATTERY ELECTROLYTE

LEVEL
WARNING
q Carry out this check with the machine parked on level
ground. 1
q Check the level only after stopping the engine and if neces-
sary add distilled water only before starting work.
q Always wear safety goggles and waterproof gloves.
RKAB4160
q To prevent gas explosions, do not use naked flames, do
not smoke and avoid producing sparks due to short cir-
cuits.
4
q The battery electrolyte is dangerous; in case of contact
with the eyes or skin, rinse with plenty of water and consult
a doctor without delay.
3 5
To reach the battery (1), release the lock (2), loosen the screws
(3) and remove the upper cover (4).
2
The electrolyte level in each cell must be about 6 mm above the
plate edge; if necessary, remove the cell caps and top up using
exclusively distilled water. RKAB4170
If, on the contrary, the level is low because some fluid has been
spilled, add electrolyte with concentration suitable for the ambient
temperature (see "3.10.3 BATTERY").
NOTE
q When adding distilled water or electrolyte, do not exceed the
level indicated. This would shorten the service life of the battery
and may cause the electrolyte to overflow.
Put back the upper cover (4) and lock the door (5).
IMPORTANT
q It is advisable to add distilled water before starting work, in
order to prevent if from freezing.
q Before putting back the cell caps, make sure that the
breather holes are not clogged.
q Make sure that the terminals and connection cables are not
oxidized; if necessary, clean them and cover them with an-
ti-oxidation grease.
210
4.8.8.d CHECKING THE FRONT AXLE OIL LEV-

ELS
WARNING
q Carry out this check with the machine parked on a level
surface and the work equipment resting on the ground.
DIFFERENTIAL 1
This check is visual and serves to verify if the lubricant reaches
the hole (1); if necessary, top up using the prescribed oil (see "4.3 RKAB4180
FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS").

The level hole (1) must be used also as filling hole.
Use a 17 mm wrench.
FINAL REDUCTION GEARS
This check must be carried out on each reduction gear positioned 2
with its plug on the horizontal axis.
If necessary, move the machine slightly until reaching the speci-
fied position, which is indispensable for an accurate check. This a
visual check and serves to verify if the lubricant reaches the hole
(2); if necessary, top up using the prescribed oil (see "4.3 FUEL,
COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS"). Use a 17 mm wrench.
RKAB4190
4.8.8.e CHECKING THE REAR AXLE OIL LEVEL
WARNING
q Carry out this check with the machine parked on a level
surface and the work equipment resting on the ground.
This check is visual and serves to verify if the lubricant reaches

the hole (1); if necessary, top up using the prescribed oil (see "4.3 1
FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS").
The level hole (1) must be used also as filling hole (use a 1/2”
RKAB4200
square wrench).
IMPORTANT
q Only the plug (1) is needed to check the level, since the oil
contained in the rear axle lubricates both the differential
unit and the final reduction gears.
211
4.8.8.f CHECKING THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMIS-

SION OIL LEVEL
MAX.
WARNING 1 MIN.
q Check the oil with the machine parked on level ground and
lifted loader arm with engaged safety lock.
q The level must be checked with running engine and trans-
mission oil at operating temperature; be very careful, in or-
der to avoid burns.
q Let all the work equipment safety locks engaged, apply the RKAB3940
parking brake and do not move the gearshift lever.
The dipstick (1) can be reached after opening the engine hood.
See "3.5.1 ENGINE HOOD".
The oil level must be checked with the engine idling and the oil at
running temperature.
The oil must always reach the maximum level or be very near it.
Top up through the opening used for the dipstick (1), using the
prescribed oil (see "4.3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS").
4.8.8.g CHECKING THE WHEEL NUT DRIVING

TORQUE
This check serves to restore the correct driving torque of the
wheels on the hubs. 1
The driving torque must be checked by means of a torque wrench
(1) set according to the values indicated in paragraph "4.4.2 SPE-
CIFIC DRIVING TORQUES FOR SCREWS AND NUTS".
(Use a 27 mm wrench for the front wheels).
(Use a 32 mm wrench for the rear wheels).
IMPORTANT
RKAB3950
q Do not increase the specified driving torque and keep it
within the prescribed ranges.
q Avoid lubricating the thread when the driving torque must
be checked.
212

(Only for machines in which synthetic biodegradable oil type HEES is
used)
The following maintenance operation must be carried out after the first 500 hours, together with the maintenance
a - CHANGE THE HYDRAULIC OIL AND CLEAN THE INTAKE FILTER
For further details, see section "4.8.12 MAINTENANCE EVERY 2000 HOURS OF OPERATION".

Carry out these operations together with those to be performed every 50 HOURS and every 250 HOURS.
4.8.10.a CHANGING THE ENGINE OIL
WARNING
q Change the oil with the machine parked on level ground 1
and lifted loader arm with engaged safety lock.
q Soon after the machine has been stopped the engine oil is
very hot and may cause burns; let the engine cool down
until it reaches a temperature of 40÷45°C before draining
the oil.
q The oil that may be spilled during the oil change will make RKAB3960
the ground slippery, therefore use anti-slip shoes and im-

mediately remove any trace of oil from the floor.
q Oils, filters, the coolant and the battery are considered spe-
When changing the engine oil, change also the filter (see
"4.8.10.b CHANGING THE ENGINE OIL FILTER"). 2
Proceed as follows::
1 - Open the engine hood (see "3.5.1 ENGINE HOOD").
2 - Remove the drain plug (1) of the oil pan, gathering the used
oil that flows out into a container with suitable capacity. Use a RKAB3970
19 mm wrench.
While the oil flows out, remove the filler cap (2), so that the oil
can flow out freely.
3 - Change the filter (see "4.8.10.b CHANGING THE ENGINE 3 MAX.
OIL FILTER").
MIN.
4 - Tighten the plug (1) onto the pan and add the prescribed
quantity of new oil, using the dipstick (3) to make sure that
the oil reaches the MAX. level.
5 - Put back the filler cap (2), start the engine, let it run for 5 min-
utes and then stop it.
Check the level again and top up if necessary.
6 - Close the engine hood. RKAB3980
Use oil suitable for the ambient temperature. (See "4.3 FUEL,
COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS").
213
4.8.10.b CHANGING THE ENGINE OIL FILTER
WARNING
q Soon after the machine has been stopped the engine oil is very hot and may cause burns; let the engine
cool down until it reaches a temperature of 40÷45°C before draining the oil.
q The oil that may be spilled during the oil change will make the ground slippery, therefore use anti-slip
shoes and immediately remove any trace of oil from the floor.
q Oils, filters, the coolant and the battery are considered special waste and must be collected and dis-
posed of according to the regulations in force.
This operation must be carried out whenever the oil is changed.

Proceed as follows:
1 - Unscrew and remove the old filter (1) using the special
wrench provided.
2 - Clean the contact surface between the seal and the filter sup-
port (2). 2
3 - Fill the new filter with engine oil, lubricate the seal and screw
thoroughly until the filter rests against the seal.
1
4 - Give another half turn by hand.
Start the engine, make sure that there are no leakages and that
the low oil pressure warning light goes out. RKAB3990
IMPORTANT
q Do not use the wrench to lock the filter, in order to avoid
damaging the filter itself and causing oil leakages.
4.8.10.c CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM OIL FILTER
WARNING
q Soon after the machine has been stopped the hydraulic oil is very hot; let it cool down until it reaches a
temperature of 40÷45°C before changing it.
q The hydraulic system is under pressure; slowly loosen the filler cap to release any residual pressure.
CAUTION
q On new machines change the hydraulic oil filter cartridge after the first 250 hours of operation and suc-
cessively every 500 hours.
q On machines containing synthetic biodegradable oil type HEES , this must be changed for the first time
after the first 50 hours of operation and successively every 500 hours.
214
The filter is positioned on the hydraulic system drain outlet and it

holds the metal particles that come off the various components
due to their wear.
It is positioned on the right side of the machine, under the battery
compartment, and can be reached after opening the door (1). To
change the filter, proceed as follows: 1
1 - Release the lock and open the door (1).
2 - Loosen the screws (2) and remove the access step (3). 2
3 - Open the engine hood (see "3.5.1 ENGINE HOOD") and 3
slowly loosen the filler cap (4) to release any residual pres-
sure. RKAB4210
4 - Remove the cap (5) and gather the oil that flows out (approx.
1/2 litre). Use a 19 mm socket wrench.
5 - Remove the filter housing (6) and collect the residual oil from
the inside (approx. 1 litre).
Use a 42 mm socket wrench.
6 - Remove the cartridge (7) and carefully clean the housing.
4
port.
8 - Install a new cartridge in the filter housing and reassemble
the whole, making sure that the seal is in perfect conditions
and correctly housed in its seat.
9 - Put back the cap (5), the access step (3) and lock the door RKAB4220
(1).
10 - Tighten the filler cap (4) and close the engine hood.
RKAB4230
7 6
RKAB4970
215
IMPORTANT
q In machines equipped with demolition hammer hydraulic
oil deteriorates more rapidly than in machines used for
Replacement
800 for element
On new machines, change the filter after the first 100-150
interval (H)
hours of operation and for the successive changes keep to 500
the indications given in the table on the right.
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
Breaker operating
ratio (%)
RWA10710
216
4.8.10.d CHANGING THE FUEL FILTER
WARNING
q Change the filtering element after work, when the engine has cooled down to 40÷45°C.
q During these operations some fuel may be spilled; clean the dirty areas immediately, in order to prevent
any risk of slipping or fire.
The fuel filter and the fuel pump can be reached after opening the
engine hood (see "3.5.1 ENGINE HOOD").
FUEL FILTER
1 - Clean the external surfaces of the unit and then unscrew the 3
old filter (1) using the special wrench provided, then discard
the filter.
2 - Clean the inside of the filter housing head (2). 2
3 - Fill the new filter with clean diesel oil, lubricate the seal and
screw thoroughly until the filter rests against the seal.
1
RKAB4000
5 - Bleed the fuel circuit.
BLEEDING THE CIRCUIT

After refuelling, proceed as follows:
1 - Turn the ignition key to position « ».
2 - Loosen the bleeder screw (3) on the filter housing head (2).
3 - Operate the fuel pump (4) and keep it running until no more
air can be observed in the fuel that flows out of the filter head
(2).
Tighten the bleeder valve (3).
4 - Start the engine.
RWA01960
IMPORTANT
q If no fuel flows when the fuel pump lever is operated, give
the crankshaft 1 turn.
q Do not let the starter run for more than 15 seconds. Wait at 1
least 15 seconds before starting the engine again.
If the engine starts regularly and then stops or functions ir-
q
regularly, check if there is air in the circuit; in this case,
4
check the tightness of the fuel filter, the water separator
and the fuel pump.
q When all the fuel in the tank has run out, bleed the circuit
by proceeding as described above.
RKAB4010
217
4.8.10.e DRAINING THE FUEL TANK
WARNING
q When draining the fuel tank, avoid spilling fuel, since this may cause fires.
q If some fuel is accidentally spilled, clean the dirty area immediately, in order to prevent it from getting
slippery and to avoid fires.
q Do not smoke and do not use naked flames when carrying out this operation.
q Wear waterproof gloves and safety goggles, as fuel may be sprayed out.
CAUTION
q This operation must be carried out when the fuel level on the indicator is above the reserve mark. Its pur-
pose is to let out any impurity and condensate that may have accumulated in the fuel tank, without let-
ting air into the engine fuel supply lines.
1 - To let the condensate flow out, loosen the drain plug (1) and
wait until no more water is present in the fuel that flows out.
IMPORTANT
q The tank must be drained before starting the engine, at
temperatures over 0°C; when the temperature is below 0°C,
the tank must be drained at the end of work or in any case
with the machine at a temperature of 40–45°C, in order to
prevent the condensate from freezing when the tempera-
ture drops, thereby making the draining operation impossi-
ble.
q The condensate and the impurities that may have accumu- RKAB4020
lated inside the tank must be eliminated before refuelling.
RKAB4030
218
4.8.10.f DRAINING THE HYDRAULIC OIL TANK

(only for machines in which synthetic biodegradable oil type HEES is used)
WARNING
q After stopping the engine, with the machine in the correct position for the performance of maintenance
operations, eliminate the residual pressure from the equipment (by moving the controls more than once)
and from the tank (by slowly loosening the filler cap).
q Let the oil cool down until it reaches 40÷45°C before carrying out this maintenance operation.
q If any oil has been spilled, wipe it up immediately, in order to prevent the surface from getting slippery.
This operation serves to let the condensate accumulated on the

tank bottom flow out of the tank itself; for this purpose, carry out
the following operations in the given sequence:
1 - Open the engine hood (see "3.5.1 ENGINE HOOD") and
loosen the filler cap (1) to release any residual pressure from
the tank. 1
2 - Remove the drain plug (2) until all the condensate has flown
out of the tank. Use a 27 mm wrench.
3 - Put back the filler cap (1) and close the engine hood.
IMPORTANT
q Condensate should be drained before starting the engine, RKAB4040
at temperatures above 0°C. When the temperature is below

0°C, the draining procedure should be carried out at the
end of work or in any case with the machine at operating
temperature (40-45°C), to prevent the condensate from
freezing, thereby making the draining operation impossi-
ble.
2
RKAB4320
219
4.8.10.g CLEANING THE OUTSIDE OF THE RADIATOR
WARNING
q If compressed air, steam or water are directed against a person, they may cause injuries. Always wear
an eye shield and safety shoes.
To clean the outside of the radiator it is first necessary to loosen

the screws (2) and remove the guard (1) positioned on the front of
the engine hood. Use a 17 mm hex wrench.
The cleaning must be carried out using a compressed air jet and,
if necessary, with a low pressure water or steam washing cycle; 2
the specific detergents available on the market can certainly be
used, provided that the instructions given on the package are fol- 2
lowed and that the washed parts are carefully dried.
After washing, put back the front guard (1).
1
IMPORTANT
q Do not use products containing even a slight quantity of
RKAB4240
oily substances, since these facilitate the adhesion of dust,
which affects the heat exchange adversely.
q Clean the outside of the radiator whenever the radiator is
dirtied, even if accidentally, with oil, diesel oil, greasy or
oily substances.
q If the machine is used in dusty places, clean the radiator
and the heat exchanger more frequently, in order to prevent
the fins from clogging.
RKAB4250
220
4.8.10.h CLEANING THE OUTSIDE OF THE A/C CONDENSER

(only for machines with air conditioner)
WARNING
q If compressed air, steam or water are directed against a person, they may cause injuries. Always wear
an eye shield and safety shoes.
The condenser (1) must be cleaned at the same at as the radiator

(see "4.8.10.g CLEANING THE OUTSIDE OF THE RADIATOR").
The condenser (1) must be cleaned with a jet of compressed air
and, if necessary, with a low-pressure water or steam washing cy- 1
cle; the specific products available on the market can certainly be
used, provided that the instructions given on the package are fol-
lowed and that the washed parts are carefully dried.
IMPORTANT
q Do not use products containing even a slight quantity of
oily substances, since these facilitate the adhesion of dust,
which affects the heat exchange adversely.
RKAB4920
q Carry out this operation whenever the condenser is dirtied,
even if accidentally, with oil, diesel oil, greasy or oily sub-
stances.
To clean the radiator, rotate the condenser (1) on the lower
pins.
q If the machine is used in dusty places, clean the condenser
more frequently, in order to prevent the fins from clogging.
221

Carry out these operations together with those to be performed every 50, 250, 500 HOURS.
4.8.11.a CHANGING THE FRONT AXLE OIL
WARNING
q Change the oil with the machine parked on a level surface
and the work equipment resting on the ground.
2
CAUTION RWAA10870
q On new machines change the front axle oil after the first
250 hours of operation and successively every 1000 hours.
This operation must be carried out with the machine positioned on

level ground and at operating temperature, so that the oil be-
comes fluid and can easily be drained, which facilitates the elimi-
nation of any suspended solid particles.
DIFFERENTIAL
1 - Remove the drain plug (2) and let the used oil flow out com- 1
pletely, gathering it into a container with suitable capacity.
While the oil flows out, remove the plug (1).
RKAB4180
Use a 17 mm wrench.
2 - Once the oil has been drained, put back the drain plug (2)
and add oil of the prescribed type through the hole (1), until
reaching the level corresponding to the lower edge of the
hole itself.
3 - Put back the plug (1).
FINAL REDUCTION GEARS
3
1 - Move the machine until the plug (3) is in low position on the
vertical axis.
2 - Remove the plug (3) and let the used oil flow out, gathering it
into a container with suitable capacity.
Use a 17 mm wrench.
RKAB4270
3 - Once the oil has been drained, move the machine until the
plug (3), which serves also as level indicator, is positioned on
the horizontal axis.
4 - Add oil of the prescribed type until reaching the lower edge of
the hole itself.
3
Carry out some forward and backward movements, stop the ma-
chine and check the levels again. Always use oil of the prescribed
type. (See "4.3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS").
RKAB4280
222
4.8.11.b CHANGING THE REAR AXLE OIL
WARNING
q Change the oil with the machine parked on a level surface
and the work equipment resting on the ground.
cial waste and must be collected and disposed of accord- 1
2
CAUTION RKAB4060
q On new machines change the rear axle oil after the first 250
hours of operation and successively every 1000 hours.
This operation must be carried out with the machine positioned on

level ground and at operating temperature, so that the oil be-
comes fluid and can easily be drained, which facilitates the elimi-
nation of any suspended solid particles. Carry out the following
operations in the given order:
1 - Remove the drain plug (2) of the central body and let the
used oil flow out completely, gathering it into a container with 3
suitable capacity. While the oil flows out, remove the level
plug (1). Use a 1/2” square wrench. RKAB4070
2 - Remove the plug (3) of each reduction gear and gather the
used oil into a container with suitable capacity.
Use a 17 mm wrench.
3 - Once the oil has been drained, put back the drain plug (2),
the plug (3) and add oil of the prescribed type through the
hole (1), until reaching the level corresponding to the lower
edge of the hole itself.
IMPORTANT
q This operation serves to fill both axle shafts, since the oil
contained in the rear axle lubricates both the differential
unit and the final reduction gears.
Before checking the level for the last time and putting back
the plug, wait a few minutes in order to allow the oil to be
evenly distributed.
Carry out some forward and backward movements, stop the ma-
chine and check the levels again.
Always use oil of the prescribed type (see "4.3 FUEL, COOLANT
AND LUBRICANTS").
223
4.8.11.c CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMIS-

SION OIL
WARNING
q Change the oil with the machine parked on level ground
and lifted loader arm with engaged safety lock.
q The hydraulic transmission oil must be drained at operat-
ing temperature, which is very high, and may cause severe 1
burns; wear insulating gloves, goggles and safety shoes.
q Immediately clean any area dirty with oil. RKAB4080
MAX.
2
CAUTION MIN.
q On new machines change the hydraulic transmission oil af-

ter the first 250 hours of operation and successively every
1000 hours.
When changing the transmission oil, change also the filter (see
"4.8.11.d CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OIL RKAB4090
FILTER").
Proceed as follows:
1 - With the machine at operating temperature, stop the engine,
open the engine hood (see "3.5.1 ENGINE HOOD" and ex-
tract the dipstick (2).
2 - Remove the drain plug (1) and let the oil flow into a container
with suitable capacity. 3
Use a 1/2” square wrench.
3 - Remove the filter (3) and change it (see "4.8.11.d CHANG-
ING THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OIL FILTER"), pay-
ing the utmost attention.
4 - Put back the plug (1) and add oil until reaching the MIN. level
on the dipstick (2). RKAB4960
5 - Start the engine and let it idle to fill the converter and the in-
ternal circuits.
6 - While the engine is idling, add oil until reaching the MIN. level
again.
7 - When the oil reaches a temperature of approximately 50°C,
add oil until reaching the MAX. mark.
See "4.3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS".
8 - Close the engine hood.
224
4.8.11.d CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMIS-

SION OIL FILTER
WARNING
q Soon after the machine has been stopped the transmission
unit is very hot and may cause burns; let the machine cool
down before changing the filter.
1
q The oil that may be spilled during the filter change will
cause the floor to become slippery; use anti-slip shoes and
immediately remove any trace of oil from the floor and the
RKAB4300
transmission unit.
CAUTION 2
q On new machines change the hydraulic transmission filter
after the first 250 hours of operation and successively eve-
ry 1000 hours.
3
Carry out this operation whenever the transmission oil is
changed. RKAB4310
Proceed as follows:
1 - Raise the front mat and remove the cover (1).
Use a 13 mm wrench.
MAX.
2 - Unscrew and remove the old filter (2) by means of the special
wrench provided. 4 MIN.
port (3).
4 - Lubricate the seal, fit it in its seat and screw the new filter
thoroughly until it touches the seal.
6 - Start the engine and let it idle until the oil warms up and
RKAB4100
reaches the operating temperature.
7 - Top up until reaching the MAX. mark on the dipstick (4) (see
"4.8.8.f CHECKING THE HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSION OIL
LEVEL").
Always use oil of the prescribed type (see "4.3 FUEL, COOL-
ANT AND LUBRICANTS").
8 - Put back the cover (1).
225

Carry out these operations together with those to be performed every 50, 250, 500 and 1000 HOURS.
4.8.12.a CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC OIL AND CLEANING THE INTAKE FILTER
CAUTION
q On machines containing synthetic biodegradable hydraulic
oil type HEES, this must be changed after the first 500
hours of operation and successively every 2000 hours, and
in any case at least once a year.
WARNING
q After stopping the engine, with the machine in the correct
position for the performance of maintenance operations,
RKA14230
eliminate the residual pressure from the equipment (by
moving the controls more than once) and from the tank (by
slowly loosening the filler cap).
q Let the oil cool down until it reaches 40÷45°C before carry-
ing out this maintenance operation.
q If any oil has been spilled, wipe it up immediately, in order
to prevent the surface from getting slippery. 1
1 - Open the engine hood (see "3.5.1 ENGINE HOOD") and

RKAB4040
slowly loosen the filler cap (1) to release any residual pres-
sure from the tank, then remove it.
2 - Remove the drain plug (2) and let the oil flow out, gathering it
into a container with suitable capacity.
Use a 41 mm wrench.
3 - Remove the plug (3) positioned on the hydraulic pump intake
flange and let the oil flow out, gathering it into a container
with suitable capacity.
Use a 27 mm wrench.
4 - Loosen the clamps and disconnect the intake coupling (4).
2
5 - Loosen and remove the screws (5) and remove the flange (6)
complete with gasket (7) and filter (8).
RKAB4050
6 - Clean the filter (8) using light solvents (kerosene, diesel oil,
etc.); dry the filter with low-pressure compressed air (max. 3
bars).
IMPORTANT
q Carefully check the filtering element grid and if it is not in
perfect conditions, change it. 4
7 - Position the gasket (7) and put back the flange (6) complete
with filter (8).
8 - Connect the intake coupling (4) and secure it with the
clamps.
3
RKAB4900
226
9 - Change the drain filter (see "4.8.10.c CHANGING THE HY-

DRAULIC SYSTEM OIL FILTER").
10 - Put back the drain plugs (2) and (3) and fill the oil tank with
the prescribed oil until reaching the correct level.
11 - Raise the front mat and remove the cover (9).

Use a 13 mm wrench.
12 - Loosen the bleeder plug (10) positioned on the hydraulic
pump, until no air bubbles can be observed in the oil that 8
flows out (use a 19 mm hex wrench). Tighten the bleeder
plug (10) and put back the cover (9). 7
13 - Put back the filler cap (1), start the engine and operate the
machine making each piston move several times in order to 5
bleed the system.
Stop the machine in maintenance position, check the oil level
again and top up if necessary. 6
Always use oil of the prescribed type (see "4.3 FUEL, COOL- 4
ANT AND LUBRICANTS"). RKA15630

IMPORTANT
q Do not start the engine with empty tank, since this would
certainly damage the pump.
q In machines equipped with demolition hammer hydraulic
oil deteriorates more rapidly than in machines used for
Perform the oil change according to the indications given 9
in the table below.
RKAB4980
10
for hydraulic oil
2000 4
Replacement interval (H)
1500
RKAB4990
1000
500
1
0 20 40 60 80 100
Breaker operating
ratio (%)
RWA07630 RKAB4040
227
4.8.12.b CHANGING THE COOLANT
CAUTION
q Change the coolant every 2000 hours of operation or every
2 years, whichever occurs first.
1
WARNING
q Soon after the machine has been stopped the coolant is
very hot and under pressure and it may cause serious RKAB3860
burns; let the engine cool down until it reaches approxi-
mately 40÷45°C before changing the coolant.
q Slowly loosen the radiator cap, in order to release any re-
sidual pressure.
2
IMPORTANT
q The change of the permanent coolant does not require any
washing cycle to descale the circuit.
1 - Open the engine hood (see "3.5.1 ENGINE HOOD"). RKAB5000
2 - Loosen and remove the upper cap (1) of the radiator.

3 - Open the drain cock (2) of the radiator and let the fluid flow
out, gathering it into a container with suitable capacity.
Drain the expansion tank (3) while the fluid flows out.
4 - Close the drain cock (2) and fill the radiator with new fluid
2 2
(see "4.3 FUEL, COOLANT AND LUBRICANTS").
5 - Start the engine and let it run at accelerated idle speed for a
few minutes; check the level again and top up before putting
back the upper cap (1).
6 - Fill the expansion tank (3) until reaching the maximum level.
RKA15480
MAX.
3
MIN.
RKAB4120
228
4.8.12.c CHANGING THE BRAKING SYSTEM OIL
WARNING 1
q Oil spilled on the floor may cause the floor to become slip-
pery; immediately clean any dirty area.
Before changing the braking system oil, it is advisable to brake a RKAB3760

few times in order to warm up and fluidize the oil and therefore fa-
cilitate draining. The oil change and the bleeding of the braking
system must be carried out with the machine positioned on level
ground and parking brake applied.
Drain the oil and wash the system, proceeding as follows:
1 - Apply a small pipe for the collection of the oil to the drain
screws (1) and loosen them. Use a 13 mm wrench. 2
2 - Remove the front guard (2) and the cap (3).
3 - Operate the brake pedals (connected with each other) until
the oil contained in the reservoir (3) runs out.
4 - Fill the reservoir (3) with new oil and keep pressing the pedal;
repeat this operation more than once until the used oil (about
0.8 l) has been changed completely; bleed to release the re- RKAB3770
sidual air (see "4.8.1.h BLEEDING THE BRAKING CIR-

CUIT").
For details on the oil to be used, see "4.3 FUEL, COOLANT
AND LUBRICANTS".
3
RKAB3750
229
4.8.12.d CHECKING THE ALTERNATOR AND THE STARTER

This procedure must be carried out by qualified personnel. Have this operation performed by your Komatsu Deal-
er.
4.8.12.e CHANGING THE ALTERNATOR BELT

er.
4.8.12.f CHECKING THE A/C COOLING GAS QUANTITY

(only for machines with air conditioner)
WARNING
case of contact with the skin, it may cause blindness or frostbite. To avoid any explosion, do not gener-
ate sparks and do not use naked flames near the air conditioner.
q Maintenance on the air conditioning system must be carried out exclusively by specialized personnel.
Specific equipment is required to check the coolant; have this maintenance operation carried out only by special-
ized personnel and for this purpose contact your Komatsu Dealer.
230

Carry out these operations together with those to be performed every 50, 250, 500 and 1000 HOURS.
4.8.13.a CHECKING THE ENGINE RETAINING SCREWS AND DAMPING ELEMENTS

er.
4.8.13.b CHECKING AND ADJUSTING THE ENGINE VALVE CLEARANCE AND THE
INJECTION TIMING ADVANCE
Since these checks and adjustment operations require the use of special tools, have these operations carried out
by qualified personnel supplied by your Komatsu Dealer.
231

Carry out these operations together with those to be performed every 50, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 HOURS.
4.8.14.a CHANGING THE A/C DEWATERING FILTER (Only for machines with air condi-
tioner)
WARNING
case of contact with the skin, it may cause blindness or frostbite.
To avoid any explosion, do not generate sparks and do not use naked flames near the air conditioner.
q Have the dewatering filter changed only by specialized personnel and for this purpose contact your Ko-
matsu Dealer.
The filter (1) must be changed every 4000 hours of operation or

every 2 years, whichever occurs first.
The filter must also be changed whenever operations involving
the opening of the air conditioning system are performed.
1
RKAB5010
4.8.14.b CHECKING THE OPERATING CONDI-

TIONS OF THE A/C COMPRESSOR
(Only for machines with air conditioner) 1
Specific equipment is required to check the operating conditions
of the compressor (1); have the compressor checked only by spe-
cialized personnel and for this purpose contact your Komatsu
Dealer.
RKAB5020
4.8.14.c CHANGING THE ENGINE THERMOSTATIC

VALVE
This procedure must be carried out by qualified personnel. Have
this operation performed by your Komatsu Dealer.
232
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATIONS
233
TECHNICAL DATA
5.1 TECHNICAL DATA
5.1.1 STANDARD OVERALL DIMENSIONS

5.1.1.1 OVERALL DIMENSIONS WITH STANDARD ARM
3650
2900
200
2190 2175 1670 2340

6035
RKA14270
5.1.1.2 OVERALL DIMENSIONS WITH TELESCOPIC ARM

3880
2900
200
2190 2175 1670 2340

6035
RKA14280
234
TECHNICAL DATA
5.1.2 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TOTAL WEIGHT
Minimum total weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg 7300
Maximum total weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg 8350
STANDARD BUCKET CAPACITY

Front bucket capacity (SAE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m3 1.03
Backhoe bucket capacity (SAE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m3 0.19
TURBOCHARGED ENGINE
Komatsu diesel engine model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4D104E-3
Maximum power (2200 rpm EEC 80/1269). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kW 74
Maximum torque (1400±100 rpm EEC 80/1269) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nm 398
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Alternator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12V
Electrical output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 A
Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . negative
Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 - 12V
Starter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kW 3.0
TRAVEL SPEED
(calculated with 16.9-30 tyres and engine at 2200 rpm)
FORWARD REVERSE
GEARS 1st 2nd 3rd 4th R1 R2 R3 R4*
km/h 6 10 23 40 6 10 23 40
* The machines destined to the Italian and German markets are not homologated with 4th reverse gear.
235
TECHNICAL DATA
FRONT TYRES
SIZE MAKE INFLATION
PRESSURE
Recommended 12.5/80-R18 PR10 Good Year bar 3.10
12.5-20 MPT PR10 Good Year bar 2.70
365/70-R18 SPT9 Dunlop bar 3.75
320/80-R18 IT530 (134A8) Good Year bar 3.20
REAR TYRES
SIZE MAKE INFLATION
PRESSURE
Recommended 16.9-28 PR10 Good Year, Mitas, Ecomega bar 2.20
16.9-28 PR12 Mitas, Ecomega bar 2.60
16.9R28TL (151A8) Michelin bar 3.10
16.9-30 PR10 - bar 2.20
440/80-R28 IT530 (156A8) Good Year bar 3.20
236
TECHNICAL DATA
5.1.3 LIFTING CAPACITIES

IMPORTANT
q According to the harmonized standard EN474-5 (§ 4.1.7.5), the machine cannot lift weights exceeding
1000 kg, unless it is provided with appropriate equipment.
q Carry out lifting operations only with the machine positioned on firm and flat ground.
5.1.3.1 SYMBOL TABLE
A - Standard arm length L= 1900 mm 1900
B - Telescopic arm completely retracted

C - Telescopic arm completely extended Min Max
D - Standard operating weight
W
E - Standard backhoe bucket width and weight (W= 600 mm / 160 kg)
F - Operating hydraulic pressure
G - Lowered stabilizers
P - Lifting capacity P
Z - Distance of the lifting point from the ground
X - Distance between the boom swing axis and the bucket lifting point
237
TECHNICAL DATA
5.1.3.2 LIFTING CAPACITIES (STANDARD ARM)
RKA14290
D
= 7460 Kg
> 1000 Kg
W= 600 mm
E
= 160 Kg
W
X
24.5 MPa
F (245 Bar)
Z
P
G
X 3m 3m Max Max
Z
2m 990 990 990 725
1m 990 990 990 700
A
1900 0 990 990 990 680
-1 m 990 990 990 650
2m 990 990 990 550

1m 990 990 990 530
B
Min 0 990 990 990 500
-1 m 990 990 990 475
2m 990 990 875 375

1m 990 990 850 360
C
Max 0 990 990 825 340
-1 m 990 990 800 320
238
TECHNICAL DATA
5.1.3.3 LIFTING CAPACITIES (TELESCOPIC ARM)
239
240
AUTHORISED
OPTIONAL
EQUIPMENT
241
6.1 AUTHORIZED OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
CAUTION
q Komatsu machines can be provided with optional equipment in addition to the standard equipment; if
optional equipment is installed and used, carefully read the relevant operation manual and keep to the
instructions given therein.
q Use only optional or special equipment recommended and approved by Komatsu and in compliance
with the requirements indicated in the table. (See "6.1.2 PRECAUTIONS REGARDING THE INSTALLA-
TION OF EQUIPMENT").
q Komatsu cannot be held liable for any injury, accident or product failure resulting from the installation
and use of unauthorized equipment.
6.1.1 PRECAUTIONS REGARDING SAFETY

The installation of optional accessories and equipment other than those authorized by Komatsu shortens the life of
the machine and may also cause safety problems.
It is advisable to contact a Komatsu Dealer before installing any accessory that is not mentioned in this operation
and maintenance manual.
In case of failure to comply with these instructions, Komatsu declines any responsibility for accidents or damage.
WARNING
q When removing or installing any equipment, take the following precautions and be careful to ensure that
operations are carried out in total safety.
q Carry out installation and removal on a firm and flat surface.
q When the operations are carried out by two or more operators, decide the communication signals in ad-
vance and respect them during work.
q Use a crane to handle objects weighing more than 25 kg.
q Always support any heavy part before removing it. When lifting heavy parts, be always careful to the po-
sition of the centre of gravity of the object being handled.
q It is dangerous to carry out any operation with suspended loads. Always position the load on a suitable
support and make sure that it is stable.
q When installing or removing any equipment, make sure that it is stable and cannot fall down.
q Never stand under loads being lifted by a crane.
Take care to choose a safe position, where you do not run any risk in case the load should fall down.
IMPORTANT
q Specialized personnel is required to operate cranes. Do not allow unskilled personnel to use cranes.
For further details regarding installation and removal operations, contact your Komatsu Dealer.
242
6.1.2 PRECAUTIONS REGARDING THE INSTALLATION OF EQUIPMENT
WARNING
q The installation of long work equipment reduces the stability of the machine.
If it is necessary to travel up or down a slope, proceed very carefully, since the machine may lose its bal-
ance and overturn.
q When work equipment with overall dimensions exceeding those of the standard equipment is installed,
be particularly careful, since more space is necessary for the movements of the equipment and of the
machine.
243
6.1.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT

(Specific weight of the material handled = 1.8 tons/cu.m)
LOADER
MAX. MAX. DIMENSIONS MAX. ISO MAX. OPERATING MAX. FLOW

EQUIPMENT WEIGHT CAPACITY PRESSURE RATE
Width Height
(kg) (mm) (mm) (m3) (bar) (l/min.)
Front bucket 450 2320 940 1.1 — —
Front 4 in1 bucket 750 2340 1015 1.0 200 75
Forks on front bucket 190 q q T — —
Pallet forks 320 1800 800 t — —
BACKHOE
Backhoe bucket 200 930 — 0.305 — —
Ditch-cleaning bucket 220 1600 — 0.250 — —
Trapezoidal bucket 190 2100 900 0.300 — —
Hydraulic hammer 400 — — — 160 80
Drill 360 800 a 2000 e — 200 120
Clamshell bucket 350 650 1800 0.200 200 120
q Fork length 1140 mm

T Lifting capacity 2000 Kg.
(The loads that can be handled are also limited according to the capacity stamped on the forks, see "6.4 PAL-
LET FORKS").
t Lifting capacity 2500 Kg.
(The loads that can be handled are also limited according to the capacity stamped on the forks, see "6.4 PAL-
LET FORKS").
a Measure referred to the equipment diameter
e Measure referred to the equipment length
244
FRONT EQUIPMENT QUICK COUPLING DEVICES
6.2 FRONT EQUIPMENT QUICK

COUPLING DEVICES
WARNING
q The coupling and uncoupling operations must be per-
formed on a firm and level surface.
q The method described is valid for all the front equip-
ment whose operation does not require the use of pres-
surized oil. 1
RWAA9220
q Before starting work, make sure that the coupling pins
are completely engaged in the seats provided on the
equipment.
Avoid using your fingers to align the holes, since they 5
q
may be cut off in case of sudden or uncontrolled move-
5
ments.
6.2.1 MANUAL QUICK COUPLING

1 - Turn the lever (1) clockwise (release position) to withdraw 4 7
the coupling pins completely.
2 - Start the machine and position the equipment carrier (2)
perpendicular to the equipment to be installed. 6 2 RKAB4550
3 - Using the bucket control lever (3), position the fixed rod
(4) of the equipment carrier under the upper seats (5) on
the bucket (6).
4 - Lift the arm (7) and engage the fixed rod (4) in the upper 4
seats (5): lift the bucket slightly.
5 - Turn the lever (1) completely counterclockwise to engage
the coupling pins, then fix the bucket (6) on the equipment
carrier (2).
6 - Lock the lever (1) wit the safety hook (8).
7 - Lubricate the unit (see "4.5.3 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM
(front bucket quick couplings)").
NOTE
q Before moving the machine, make sure that the coupling
6 7 RKAB4560
pins are perfectly engaged in the seats on the bucket.
3
8
1
RKAB4570
RKAB4580
245
FRONT EQUIPMENT QUICK COUPLING DEVICES
6.2.2 HYDRAULIC QUICK COUPLING

FOR STANDARD BUCKET 10
The operations to be performed are those described in the
previous paragraph (see “6.2.1 MANUAL QUICK COU- 3
PLING”), except for the backward movement and the engage-
ment of the coupling pins, which are obtained by means of the
9
push buttons (9) and (10) located on the lever (3).
(See "3.3.6 pos. 12 - 4 IN1 BUCKET OPENING PUSH BUT-
TON" and pos. 13 - 4 IN1 BUCKET FOLDING PUSH BUT-
TON").
RKAB4590
6.2.3 HYDRAULIC QUICK COUPLING

11
FOR 4in1 BUCKET AND OPTIONAL
EQUIPMENT WITH UNIDIREC-
TIONAL OIL FLOW 12
WARNING
q Before carrying out any operation on the hydraulic cir-
cuit, stop the engine and eliminate the residual pressure
by proceeding as follows:
1 - Turn the ignition key to position « ». RKA14310
2 - Press the servo control locking button and make

sure that the LED is off (release position) (see "3.3.2
pos. 12 - SERVO CONTROL LOCKING BUTTON").
3 - Operate the loader arm control lever and the 4in1
bucket opening and folding buttons more than once.
4 - Turn the ignition key to position «O».
q If any oil has been spilled, wipe it up immediately, in or-
der to prevent the surface from getting slippery.
The 4 in1 bucket and the hydraulic equipment that can be in-
stalled on the machine must be provided with quick coupling
devices. RWA01960
In this case, the backward movement and the engagement of

the coupling pins are obtained by connecting the quick cou-
plings (11-12) of the 4in1 bucket (or other equipment) delivery
and drain pipes to the quick coupling unit, with the engine at
rest.
RWA02000
246
4in1 BUCKET
6.3 4in1 BUCKET

IMPORTANT
q (For the characteristics, see table "6.1.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT").
6.3.1 DESCRIPTION AND CONTROLS

The 4in1 bucket can be used for several applications and elim-
3
inates the need to use specific equipment.
Compared to the standard bucket, it comprises a mobile jaw
(4) that can be opened to unload the material with no need to
swing the bucket itself. The opening is obtained by means of
two hydraulic cylinders (1) controlled by an additional distribu-
tor.
The opening and folding of the bucket are controlled via two
push buttons (5) and (6) positioned on the loader control lever 4
(7), which also maintains all its normal functions (see "3.3.6 RWA34490
pos. 4 - FRONT LOADER CONTROL LEVER").
6.3.2 SAFETY DEVICES

The 4in1 bucket is provided with teeth guard (3).
If the bucket is equipped with pallet forks, the safety pins (2) fix
the forks in overturned position in case of transfer or travel on
roads (see "6.4 PALLET FORKS").
For the other safety locks, see "3.1.1 FRONT LOADER
LOCKS".
RWA34510
1 RWA34500
6
7
2 RKAB4600
247
4in1 BUCKET
6.3.3 INSTALLING THE 4in1 BUCKET
WARNING
q When the coupling pins are removed or installed, chips may come off; always use gloves, goggles and
helmet.
q The change of the equipment must be carried out by two operators, who must decide together the words
and signals to use during work.
q If any oil has been spilled, wipe it up immediately, in order to prevent the surface from getting slippery.
q Avoid using your fingers to align the holes, since the may be injured or even cut off.
To install the 4in1 bucket it is necessary to engage the me-

chanical constraints of the loader as described in "3.12.3
CHANGING THE STANDARD FRONT BUCKET" and to carry
out the hydraulic connections using the pipes provided. 8 9
CAUTION
q After mechanically connecting the bucket to the loader
arm, stop the engine, apply the parking brake and elimi-
nate the residual pressure from the hydraulic circuits by
proceeding as follows:
1 - Turn the ignition key to position « ». RWAA10900

3 - Operate the loader arm control lever and the 4in1
bucket opening and folding buttons more than once.
4 - Turn the ignition key to position « »).
q When connecting the pipes, take care to prevent any im-
purities from getting into them.
Proceed as follows:
1 - Loosen the protection plugs and remove them from the
rigid pipes provided on the machine. RWA01960
2 - Loosen and remove the protection plugs from the flexible

pipes (8) and (9) of the bucket.
3 - Carry out the connections as indicated in the figure.
4 - Start the machine, lift the bucket a few centimeters from
the ground and open and fold it completely more than
once using the buttons positioned on the control lever, in
order to check the efficiency and tightness of the system.
RWA02000
248
4in1 BUCKET
WARNING
q Wear thick gloves and safety goggles during this check.
q To check the system for leaks, use a piece of cardboard or a wooden board.
5 - Lower the bucket to the ground, stop the machine, lubricate the joints (See "4.5.2 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM
(4in1 bucket and pallet forks)") and check the hydraulic oil level (see "4.8.6.a CHECKING THE HYDRAULIC
OIL LEVEL").
IMPORTANT
q Before starting work make sure that the bucket position indicator is correctly set (see "3.12.1 BUCKET
POSITION INDICATOR").
6.3.4 USING THE 4in1 BUCKET

The 4in1 bucket can be used for the following applications:
1 - Loading (dumping the bucket as described in "3.12.2.1
LOADING HEAPED AND LEVEL MATERIAL").
2 - Unloading on high surfaces by opening the bucket instead
of overturning it (vertical unloading).
3 - Handling logs, branches, etc. with the grapple function
(opening and closing), by using the teeth provided on the
mobile jaw (4) to grasp them. 4
4 - Flushing and levelling (with open bucket).. RWA34520
IMPORTANT
q To flush the ground, open the bucket and move the ma-
chine forward working with the fixed part of the bucket.
q To level the ground, open the bucket and move the ma-
chine backward working with the mobile part of the
bucket. 10
The operator can check the opening of the bucket at any mo-
ment, by means of the indicator (10).
RWAA10910
6.3.5 MAINTENANCE
The 4in1 bucket does not require special maintenance opera-
tions in addition to those required for the standard bucket, ex-
cept for the lubrication, as described at point "4.5.2
LUBRICATION DIAGRAM (4in1 bucket and pallet forks)".
249
PALLET FORKS
6.4 PALLET FORKS

IMPORTANT
q (For the characteristics, see table "6.1.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT").
DANGER
q Before lifting the load, make sure that the position of its centre (G) complies with the distances indicated
in the figure below. Furthermore, the load must always be centered with respect to the forks. Non-com-
pliance with these rules may cause serious damage and even death.
q Before handling any load, verify the capacity of the forks. The allowed load is generally stamped on the
forks.
Max 500 mm
Max 500 mm
F RWA38740
6.4.1 DESCRIPTION
They are usually applied to the 4in1 bucket and when they are not used they must be overturned towards the back
of the machine and secured with the safety pins provided.
The pallet forks (1) make it possible to use the machine as a normal lift truck and the controls to lift and oscillate
them are the same used to control the standard bucket (see "3.3.6 pos. 4 - FRONT LOADER CONTROL LE-
VER"). The distance between the pallet forks can be varied to adapt them to the load to be handled; to do this,
make them slide on the coupling bar (2).
RKA15490
250
PALLET FORKS
6.4.2 SAFETY DEVICES

Two safety pins (3) are provided to keep the forks in over-
turned position when the machine travels on roads.
3 RWA34540
6.4.3 USING THE FORKS
WARNING
q Before working with the forks, the operator must evalu-
ate the increased dimensions of the machine and learn
how to use the fork controls.
q The forks protrude beyond the bucket outline and there-
fore it is necessary to be very careful when manoeu-
vring the machine, especially in reduced spaces.
q After forking the material, before lifting the load, move
the forks in such a way as to lift their prongs and there-
fore prevent the load from slipping.
DANGER
q When the forks are overturned for use or storage, be
careful to the grasping points, since hands and feet may
be injured and even cut off.
If possible, this operation should be carried out by two
persons.
q Use the lifting, oscillation and shifting controls slowly RKA15500
and smoothly, in order to avoid vibrations that may

cause the load to move.
q Maintain the greatest possible distance between the
forks.
q The forks must always rest on the blade and be posi-
tioned between two teeth, in order to prevent them from
slipping laterally.
251
PALLET FORKS
6.4.3.1 PREPARING THE PALLET FORKS FOR

USE
1 - Overturn the forks toward the front part of the machine.
2 - Lift the bucket and operate the control lever in such a way
as to swing it forward until releasing the forks from the
bucket teeth.
3 - Move the forks (1) sidewards to widen or narrow the dis-
tance between them according to the width of the load to
be handled.
4 - Fold the bucket and manoeuvre the lifting arm until the 1
forks are in horizontal position. RKA15510
5 - Lubricate the fork rotation pins (see "4.5.2 LUBRICATION

DIAGRAM (4in1 bucket and pallet forks)").
6.4.3.2 OVERTURNING THE FORKS FOR

TRAVEL ON ROADS 4
1 - Remove the safety pins (4) and the pins (3).
4
2 - Make the forks slide towards the centre of the bucket, 5
overturn them and insert them in the supports (5).
3 - Put back the pins (3) and the safety pins (4).
4 - Make sure that when they are overturned in rest position 3
the forks are firmly secured inside their respective sup- 5
ports (5).
3
If any slack should be observed between the forks and the
RWA34560
safety pin (3), immediately carry out the necessary adjust-
ment.
The correct adjusting procedure is as follows:
- Release the stop nut (10) and loosen the adjusting screw
(11) until taking up the slack between the fork and the
safety pin (3). 10
- After the adjustment, tighten the stop nut (10) thoroughly.
If the adjusting screw (11) should be excessively worn, do 11
not hesitate to replace it.
CAUTION
q The check and adjustment of the forks must be carried RWAB0680
out on both sides, with the forks at rest. Do not hesitate

to adjust the forks as soon as the presence of a slack is
noticed. Non-compliance with these instructions may
lead to dangerous situations for the operator and cause
serious damage to the machine.
q Before carrying out any movement with the machine,
make sure that the safety pins (4) are correctly inserted.
252
PALLET FORKS
6.4.4 REMOVING THE FORKS
WARNING
q Pay the utmost attention when removing the forks, the supports and the bar, in order not to crush or
even cut off your hands or feet.
1 - Manoeuvre the lifting arm and swing the bucket until resting the forks (1) on the ground in horizontal position.
2 - Remove the safety pins (6) and the pins (7).
If also the supports (8) must be removed:
3 - Loosen and remove the screws (9) that fasten the slide bar (2).
4 - Hold one of the supports (8) and withdraw the slide bar (2); repeat the same operation for the other support.
RKA15520
9 2 A 8
A
B
B
7
6
1
6.4.5 INSTALLING THE FORKS

To install the pallet forks, repeat the procedure described for the removal in the reverse order, taking the same pre-
cautions.
6.4.6 MAINTENANCE
No specific maintenance operation is required for this device, except for the occasional greasing of the slide bar
and of the fork fulcrum pin (see "4.5.2 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM (4in1 bucket and pallet forks)").
253
BACKHOE TELESCOPIC ARM
6.5 BACKHOE TELESCOPIC ARM
6.5.1 DESCRIPTION AND CONTROL

The telescopic arm makes it possible to work with the equip- 1
ment installed at a variable distance that is greater than that
allowed by the standard arm.
When the telescopic arm is completely extended, the breakout
force at the bucket pin is reduced and only lighter loads can be
lifted; therefore, suitable buckets must be used (see "6.1 AU-
THORIZED OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT"). 2
This structure features an external hollow arm (1) inside which
the arm (2) that supports the equipment slides on adjustable
“V”-shaped guides. RKA15530
The sliding of the arm is achieved by means of a double-acting
cylinder controlled by an additional distributor.
6.5.1.1 CONTROL (version with mechanically-

controlled backhoe)
The distributor that manages the telescopic movement is con-
trolled by means of a pedal (3) positioned on the right side of
the backhoe control lever unit; the movements of the levers
described in "3.3.6.1 pos. 18/19 - BACKHOE CONTROL LE-
VERS (version with mechanical controls)" remain unchanged.
The movements of the telescopic arm are as follows:
1 - Extension of the arm, obtained by pressing the pedal (3)
with the toe. 3
2 - Retraction of the arm, obtained by pressing the pedal (3) RKA14370
with the heel.
6.5.1.2 CONTROL
(version with servo-assisted backhoe) 4 5
In the version with servo controls, the movement of the tele-
scopic arm is achieved via the buttons (4) and (5) positioned
on the right joystick lever.
The movements of the main equipment remain unchanged;
see "3.3.6.1 pos. 18/19 - BACKHOE CONTROL LEVERS
(version with servo controls)".
The movements of the telescopic arm are as follows:
1 - Retraction of the arm, obtained by pressing the push but-
RKA14380
ton (4); the arm stops when the button is released.
2 - Extension of the arm, obtained by pressing the push but-
ton (5); the arm stops when the button is released.
IMPORTANT
q The telescopic arm controls are inhibited when the safe-
ty button (A) is in locking position (see "3.3.2 pos. 12 -
254
6.5.2 SAFETY DEVICES RWAB0470
A 2
The telescopic arm is equipped with a safety element (6) that 7
locks the sliding arm (2) when it is completely retracted and
prevents any accidental extension of the same.
The safety element (6), held in its seat by the retainer (7), must 6
be inserted and prevent the extension of the arm as shown in
Fig. A in the following situations:
1 - when it is necessary to travel on roads or in any case
when the machine must cover considerable distances;
2 - when the backhoe is not used.
In operating conditions, the safety element (6) must be posi-
tioned as shown in Fig. B.
RWAB0460
B
2 7
6.5.3 USING THE TELESCOPIC ARM
WARNING
q Before releasing and extending the arm, make sure that the stabilizers rest on firm ground.
q If possible, work with the backhoe centered on the guides and unload the material as near the machine
as possible.
q If it is necessary to work with misaligned backhoe or with the backhoe completely shifted on the guides,
operate slowly when swinging the arm to unload the material on the misaligned side, since in these con-
ditions the machine may lose stability.
q Do not use the arm retracting cylinder to increase the bucket tearing force when digging.
For other possible applications, see "3.13 USING THE MACHINE AS AN EXCAVATOR".
255
6.5.4 MAINTENANCE
The telescopic arm requires two maintenance operations:
1 - Lubrication of the joints (see "4.5.1 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM").
2 - Adjustment of the slide guide (8) slack, which must be carried out occasionally, when impacts or vibrations are
noticed during work..
6.5.4.1 ADJUSTING THE GUIDE SLACK
WARNING
q When leaving the operator’s seat during the adjustment
of the guides, remove the ignition key.
q Adjust the screws and guides one by one. 9
q Do not place tools in the space between the safety locks
and the arm.
1 - Position the machine on flat ground and lower the stabiliz-

ers.
2 - Lift the boom, fold the bucket completely and extend the 7
telescopic part (7) completely.
3 - Fold the arm until the slide guides (8) are perpendicular to
8
the ground and in any case positioned so that the extend-
ing part is completely free and does not overload the
guides.
5 - Check the side on which the adjusting dowels (9) of the
guides protrude more. Adjust by working on this side only.
RKA14390
256
CAUTION
q If the adjusting dowels (9) protrude to the same extent
on the two sides, the operation described at point 6 can
be carried out either on the right or on the left side. 10 9
6 - Loosen the four lock nuts (10) and tighten the adjusting 270°
dowels (9) thoroughly, until taking up the slack completely.
(Use a 27 mm wrench and a 8 mm hex wrench).
7 - Starting from the central positions, loosen the adjusting Clearance = 0 RWA03850
dowels (9) by 270° (3/4 turn) and lock them with the lock
nuts (10).
8 - Start the machine, extend and retract the telescopic arm
more than once to make sure that it slides correctly.
CAUTION 10 9
q The wear limit allowed for the rubber blocks is repre-
sented by the minimum engagement of the adjusting
dowels (9) in the lock nuts; the rubber blocks must be
replaced when the heads of the dowels (9) are 5 mm
back with respect to the lock nuts (10).
Reducing clearance
q When taking up the slack, avoid excessive pressures, in RWA03950
order to prevent the guides from seizing.
5 mm
Shoe to be changed
RWA04050
10
RKA14400
257
CONFIGURATION FOR THE INSTALLATION OF THE DEMOLITION HAMMER
6.6 CONFIGURATION FOR THE INSTALLATION OF THE DEMOLI-

TION HAMMER
WARNING
q The demolition hammer is very noisy, therefore always wear headphones when using it.
IMPORTANT
q For the characteristics, see table "6.1.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT".

The machine can be configured in such a way as to allow the
installation of a demolition hammer on the backhoe; this ham-
mer is operated by means of an additional distributor.

controlled backhoe)
The distributor is controlled by means of a pedal (1) positioned 1
on the left side of the backhoe control lever unit.
The movements of the levers described at point "3.3.6.1 pos. RKA14410
18/19 - BACKHOE CONTROL LEVERS (version with me-

chanical controls)" remain unchanged.
The hammer is operated by pressing the pedal (1) with the
toe, since in this way pressurized oil is conveyed into the cir-
cuit; when the pedal is released, the oil flow is interrupted and 3 2
therefore the hammer stops.
3
2
6.6.1.2 CONTROL (version with servo-assisted
backhoe)
In the version with servo controls, the hammer is operated via
the small pedal (5) positioned on the cab floor.
The movements of the levers described at point "3.3.6.1 pos.
18/19 - BACKHOE CONTROL LEVERS (version with servo
controls)" remain unchanged.
The hammer is operated by pressing the foot-operated button
(5), since in this way pressurized oil is conveyed into the cir-
cuit; when the foot-operated button (5) is released, the oil flow
is interrupted and therefore the hammer stops. 4
IMPORTANT
q The demolition arm control is inhibited when the safety RWA03680
button is in locking position (see "3.3.2 pos. 12 - SER-

VO CONTROL LOCKING BUTTON").
This configuration includes also the fixed installation of rigid or
flexible pipes, more precisely a delivery (2) and a drain (3)
pipe that convey/discharge the oil necessary for the operation
of the hammer and reach the proximity of the hammer connec-
tion (4).
5
RKA14420
258
6.6.2 USE OF THE DEMOLITION HAMMER AND RULES TO BE OBSERVED

The choice of the suitable tool is a very important factor when maximum productivity is required of the demolition
hammer.
The shape and size of the tool must be defined according to the nature of the material to be broken and to the type
of work to be carried out.
The hammer is used for the demolition of floors, concrete structures, walls, small rocky surfaces, open excava-
tions, asphalt, etc.
With the application of special tools it can also be used as asphalt-cutter or compactor.
FOR A CORRECT USE OF THE HAMMER, IT IS NECES-

SARY TO:
1 - Make sure that the position of the hammer with respect to
the material to be broken is as perpendicular as possible
and that the arm thrust is sufficient, so that all the power
of the hammer can be exploited.
°
90
90
°
RWA06410
2 - Keep the pressure of the excavator on the hammer con-

stant as the bit penetrates the material.
Always follow the hammer while it penetrates and operate
the excavator arms in order to obtain a pressure sufficient
to keep the undercarriage raised approximately 5 cm from
the ground.
Do not raise the rear wheels more than necessary.
5 cm
RKA14430
3 - When working on very hard materials, it is important to

avoid hitting the same point for more than 30 seconds.
Hit the same point just for a few seconds and change po-
sition very frequently, in such a way as to facilitate the
breaking of the material.
RWA06430
259
4 - To facilitate the sliding of the tool on its seat, check the

thrust direction and always correct the hitting position of
the hammer by means of the bucket and arm control.
R
RKA14440
5 - Always make sure that the arm thrust is optimal, in order

to avoid harmful and useless strokes.
RWA06450
IMPORTANT
q During work, do not use the demolition hammer with the
bucket cylinder at the end of stroke, but always leave a
minimum space of 5 cm.
260
ALWAYS AVOID THE FOLLOWING INCORRECT USES:

1 - Gathering or moving stones with the demolition hammer.
RWA06460
2 - Rotating the upper structure while using the hammer.
RKA15540
3 - Moving the tool while it is hitting the material to be broken.
RWA06480
261
4 - Working with the hammer in horizontal position or even

with greater inclination.
RKA14460
5 - Levering with the tool after driving it into the material to be

broken.
RWA06500
6 - Hitting the ground with the hammer bit.
RKA15550
7 - Lifting the machine by levering on the hammer bit with the

bucket cylinder completely extended.
RKA15560
262
6.6.3 INSTALLING AND REMOVING THE

DEMOLITION HAMMER
6.6.3.1 INSTALLING THE HAMMER
WARNING
q The machine must be parked on a level surface, with the
front equipment resting on the ground.
q For the installation, the hammer must be positioned hor- RKA14490
izontally, with the bit directed towards the machine.
q When the coupling pins are removed or installed, chips
operators, who must decide together the words and sig-
nals to be used during work.
q Before carrying out any operation on the hydraulic cir-
cuit, eliminate the residual pressure from the equipment
circuits by moving the controls more than once and
from the tank by slowly loosening the filler cap.
RKA14500
For the installation of the demolition hammer it is necessary to

connect the mechanical constraints of the backhoe bucket as
described in "3.13.4.1 CHANGING THE BACKHOE BUCKET"
and to carry out the hydraulic connections using the pipes pro-
vided.
After connecting the mechanical constraints, carry out the hy-
draulic connections by proceeding as follows
1 - Stop the engine and move the hydraulic controls in all di-
rections, in order to completely release the residual pres-
sure present in the circuits of the machine.
2 - Press the hammer control pedal to release the pressure RWA01960
present in the hammer delivery pipe.

IMPORTANT
q If the machine is equipped with backhoe servo controls,
to eliminate the residual pressure proceed as follows:
1 - With the engine at rest, turn the ignition key to posi-
tion « ».
3 - Shift the backhoe control levers more than once and
press the hammer control pedal.
4 - Turn the ignition key to position « ». RWA02000
263
3 - Remove the plugs of the machine pipes and of the ham-

TELESCOPIC
mer flexible pipes. ARM
Use 32, 36, 38 and 41 mm hex wrenches.
4 - Connect the right pipe to the coupling (1) and the left pipe
to the coupling (2), making sure that the sizes of the pipe
fittings are as required.
1"3/16-12 2
CAUTION ORFS
q When connecting the pipes, take care to prevent any im-

purities from getting into them.
RWA29310
5 - Start the machine and raise the demolition hammer posi-

tioning it vertically. STANDARD
ARM
6 - Stop the machine again and lubricate the joints (see
"4.5.1 LUBRICATION DIAGRAM") and the hammer (see
the specific operation and maintenance manual).
7 - Before starting work, check the tightness of the circuit.
1
WARNING 1"7/16-12
ORFS
q To check the system for leaks, use a piece of cardboard
RWA29280
or a wooden board.
STANDARD
ARM
1"3/16-12 2
ORFS
RWA29300
TELESCOPIC
ARM
1"7/16-12 1
ORFS
RWA29290
264
6.6.3.2 REMOVING THE HAMMER

To remove the hammer, proceed as follows:
1 - Stop the engine and move the hydraulic controls in all directions, in order to completely release the residual
pressure present in the circuits of the machine.
2 - Press the hammer control pedal to release the pressure present in the hammer delivery pipe.
IMPORTANT
q If the machine is equipped with backhoe servo controls, to release the residual pressure from the cir-
cuits, follow the procedure indicated in the previous paragraph "6.6.3.1 INSTALLING THE HAMMER".
3 - Disconnect the hammer delivery and return pipes.

Use 32, 36, 38 and 41 mm hex wrenches.
4 - Fit the pipe sealing plugs complete with the relevant gaskets.
WARNING
q Make sure that the plugs are properly tightened and that there are no leakages; if the circuit is inadvert-
ently pressurized, small leakages can be turned into thin jets that may perforate the skin or injure the
eyes.
q Always wear thick gloves and safety goggles to carry out this check.
q To check the system for leaks, use a piece of cardboard or a wooden board.
5 - Disconnect the hammer from the mechanical constraints, as described in "3.13.4.1 CHANGING THE BACK-
HOE BUCKET".
6.6.4 USING THE HAMMER

See the specific manual.
OPERATIONS WITH HAND HYDRAULIC HAMMER AND COMPACTING TOOLS
CAUTION
q If the machine is provided with telescopic arm, this must be kept only folded.
6.6.5 MAINTENANCE
The hydraulic system does not require any maintenance operation and inspection other than those prescribed for
the machine.
Regarding the maintenance operations required for the hammer, see the specific operation manual.
265
APPLICATION OF THE OFFSET DEVICE
6.7 APPLICATION OF THE OFFSET DEVICE
WARNING
q When it is necessary to move the machine or travel on roads, the offset device must be positioned cen-
trally with respect to the boom axis.
q To carry out digging operations on vertical walls, the fulcrum pin (1) of the revolving support (2) must be
perfectly vertical; be very careful to the position of this component when digging near walls and posts,
wells and underground lines.
q When digging near walls, take care not to weaken foundations and cause collapses.
q When working beyond the outline of the machine, make sure that the ground on which the stabilizers
and wheels rest is solid and the area is sufficiently far from ridges, banks, coasts: remember that in
these conditions the specific pressure on the ground always increases.
Reduce the loads and work at low speed, in order to ensure the stability of the machine.

The offset device is an integral part of the boom (3) and makes 3 1 4
it possible to carry out digging operations beyond the machine
outline.
If the offset device is in neutral position, the boom can be used
as a standard boom; if it is necessary to dig beyond the ma-
chine outline, the backhoe must be translated and the offset
device must be operated to reproduce the parallelism between
the arm (4) and the axis of the machine.
5 2
RWA03750
controlled backhoe)
The operation of the cylinder (5) that rotates the support (2) to
which the arm (4) is mechanically constrained is obtained by
means of an additional distributor controlled through a pedal 5
(6) installed on the left side of the backhoe control lever unit.
The movements of the levers described at point "3.3.6.1 pos. 3
chanical controls)" remain unchanged.
The movements of the arm are as follows:
1 - Swing to the right, obtained by pressing the pedal (6) with 2
the toe.
2 - Swing to the left, obtained by pressing the pedal (6) with 4 RKA14510
the heel.
EDGE OF
THE WHEEL 2
6
RKA14520 RKA15820
266
APPLICATION OF THE OFFSET DEVICE

backhoe) 7 8
In the version with servo controls, the movement of the equip-
ment with offset boom is achieved via the buttons (7) and (8)
positioned on the left joystick lever.
The movements of the levers described in "3.3.6.1 pos. 18/19
- BACKHOE CONTROL LEVERS (version with servo con-
trols)" remain unchanged.
The movements of the arm are as follows:
1 - Swing to the left, obtained by pressing the push button
(7); when the button is released the arm stops. RWA38140
2 - Swing to the right, obtained by pressing the push button

(8); when the button is released the arm stops.
IMPORTANT
q The offset boom controls are inhibited when the safety
button is in locking position (see "3.3.2 pos. 12 - SER-
VO CONTROL LOCKING BUTTON").
6.7.2 MAINTENANCE
The offset device does not require any special maintenance operation, except for greasing (see "4.5.4 LUBRICA-
TION DIAGRAM (offset device)").
267
CONFIGURATION FOR THE USE OF OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT WITH UNIDIRECTIONAL OIL FLOW
6.8 CONFIGURATION FOR THE USE OF OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT

WITH UNIDIRECTIONAL OIL FLOW
WARNING
q Some equipment that can be installed instead of the standard bucket make the machine unsuitable for
travelling on roads. Before travelling on roads, always make sure that the machine is homologated for
travelling with the equipment with which it is provided.
q The installation and removal of the equipment that is not homologated for travelling on roads must be
carried out at the worksite or in any case in delimited spaces with no traffic.

RIGHT SIDE
The machine can be equipped with an independent hydraulic PRESSURE
circuit to be used for the operation of optional equipment that
may be installed on the backhoe instead of the standard bucket.
controlled backhoe)
The circuit is piloted by an additional hydraulic distributor that
LEFT SIDE
is operated by means of a pedal (1) installed on the left side of PRESSURE
the backhoe control lever unit.
The additional circuit is operated as follows:
1 - When the pedal (1) is pressed with the toe, oil is delivered
to the right side of the circuit and discharged from the left
side of the same.
2 - When the pedal (1) is pressed with the heel, oil is deliv-
ered to the left side of the circuit and discharged from the
right side of the same. 1
The movements of the levers described at point "3.3.6.1 pos.
chanical controls)" remain unchanged, except for the bucket
control, which is used for positioning the optional equipment.
This configuration includes also the fixed installation of the de- RKA15920
livery and discharge pipes that convey/discharge the oil nec-
essary for the operation of the equipment and reach the
proximity of the equipment connection.
backhoe) 2 3
In the version with servo controls, the additional circuit is oper-
ated via the buttons (2) and (3) positioned on the left joystick
lever. The movements of the levers described in "3.3.6.1 pos.
18/19 - BACKHOE CONTROL LEVERS (version with servo
controls)" remain unchanged.
The additional circuit is operated as follows:
1 - When the push button (2) is pressed, oil is delivered to the
right side of the circuit and discharged from the left side of
the same. RWA38150
2 - When the push button (3) is pressed, oil is delivered to the

left side of the circuit and discharged from the right side of
the same.
IMPORTANT
q All movements of the boom, the arm and the equipment
are inhibited when the safety button is in locking posi-
tion (see "3.3.2 pos. 12 - SERVO CONTROL LOCKING
BUTTON").
268
CONFIGURATION FOR THE USE OF OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT WITH UNIDIRECTIONAL OIL FLOW
6.8.2 INSTALLING AND CONNECTING

THE EQUIPMENT
The equipment must be installed following the procedure indi-
cated in paragraph "3.13.4.1 CHANGING THE BACKHOE
BUCKET". Connect the delivery and return pipes by proceed-
ing as follows:
1 - After connecting the equipment, stop the engine and shift
the hydraulic controls in all directions, in order to release
the residual pressure from the machine circuits.
IMPORTANT RKA14490

tion « ».
press the equipment controls.
CAUTION
q During the successive steps, take care to prevent any
RKA14500
impurities from getting into the circuit.
2 - Remove the plugs of the two pipes and of the installed

equipment.
3 - Connect the delivery and return pipes.
4 - Start the machine and carry out several manoeuvres with
the pedal (1) or with the buttons (2-3) used to control the
equipment, in order to verify the tightness of the circuits.
WARNING
q Wear thick gloves and safety goggles during this check. RWA01960

or a wooden board.
5 - Stop the machine and if necessary fasten the longer pipes

in order to avoid vibrations and therefore critical condi-
tions for the coupling connections.
6.8.3 MAINTENANCE
The hydraulic system does not require any maintenance oper-
ation and inspection other than those prescribed for the ma-
chine. Regarding the maintenance operations required for the
equipment, see the specific operation manuals.
RWA02000
269
CONFIGURATION FOR THE USE OF THE CLAMSHELL BUCKET
6.9 CONFIGURATION FOR THE USE OF THE CLAMSHELL

BUCKET
WARNING
q Machines equipped with the revolving clamshell bucket cannot travel on roads.
q The installation of the clamshell bucket must be carried out at the worksite; if the machine must travel
on roads, remove the bucket.
q The bucket can swing on the arm coupling; during use, take in consideration the increase in size due to
the swinging.
The machine can be configured in such a way as to allow the application of a revolving clamshell bucket to the
backhoe, instead of the standard bucket.
For the swing of the clamshell bucket, this configuration includes the installation of an independent hydraulic circuit
controlled by an additional distributor, while for its opening and folding it is possible to use the circuit used for the
opening and folding of the standard bucket, excluding the control cylinder (see "6.9.2 INSTALLING THE CLAM-
SHELL BUCKET").
6.9.1.1 CONTROL (version with mechanically-controlled backhoe)

The additional distributor that manages the swing of the clamshell bucket is controlled by means of a pedal (1) po-
sitioned on the left side of the backhoe control lever unit.
The other controls for the movements of the backhoe (boom, arm and boom swing) remain unchanged (see
"3.3.6.1 pos. 18/19 - BACKHOE CONTROL LEVERS (version with mechanical controls)").
The swing movements are the following:
1 - Clockwise swing, obtained by pressing the pedal (1) with the toes.
2 - Counterclockwise swing, obtained by pressing the pedal (1) with the heel.
This configuration includes also the fixed installation of the delivery and discharge pipe that convey/discharge the
oil necessary for the bucket swing and reach the proximity of the bucket connection.
RKA14540
270

backhoe) 2 3
In the version with servo controls, the rotary movements of the
clamshell bucket are achieved via the buttons (2) and (3) posi-
tioned on the left joystick lever.
The movements of the main equipment (boom, arm and boom
swing) remain unchanged.
The circuit used for opening and folding the standard bucket is
used also for opening and closing the clamshell bucket, ex-
cluding the control cylinder.
See "3.3.6.1 pos. 18/19 - BACKHOE CONTROL LEVERS RWA38160
(version with servo controls)" and "6.9.2 INSTALLING THE
CLAMSHELL BUCKET".
The swing movements are the following:
1 - Clockwise swing, obtained by pressing the push button
(2).
2 - Counterclockwise swing, obtained by pressing the push
button (3).
IMPORTANT
q The clamshell bucket controls are inhibited when the
safety button is in locking position (see "3.3.2 pos. 12 -
RKA14550
271
6.9.2 INSTALLING THE CLAMSHELL

BUCKET
WARNING
q The machine must be parked on a level surface, with the
front equipment resting on the ground.
q When the coupling pins are removed or installed, chips
operators, who must decide together the words and sig- RKA14490

q Completely release the residual pressure that may be
present in the pipes.
To install the revolving clamshell bucket, proceed as follows:

1 - Remove the standard bucket from the backhoe (see
"3.13.4.1 CHANGING THE BACKHOE BUCKET").
2 - Retract the bucket control piston completely.
3 - Connect the clamshell bucket to the arm.
4 - Stop the machine and move the controls in all directions RKA14500
to release the residual pressure.
IMPORTANT
tion « ».
press the clamshell bucket swing buttons.
5 - Mechanically lock the standard bucket thrust lever, in RWA01960
such a way as to lock the piston at the end of stroke.
RWA02000
272
CAUTION A
q During the following steps, take care to prevent any im-
purities from getting into the pipes and the cylinder.
FOR STANDARD ARM (FIG. A)

6 - Disconnect the pipes (2-3) that operate the piston from
the bucket cylinder (1) and seal the cylinder couplings (4).
FOR TELESCOPIC ARM (FIG. B)
6 - Disconnect the pipes (2-3) that operate the piston from
the bucket cylinder (1) and seal the cylinder couplings (4).
2 3
7 - Connect the pipes disconnected from the cylinder to the
couplings for the opening and folding of the clamshell
bucket.
8 - Remove the plugs from the rigid pipes of the system and
4
connect the pipes.
4
9 - Start the machine and lift the clamshell bucket a few cen- 1
trimetres from the ground.
10 - Open, fold and swing the bucket several times, in order to RKA14560
check the tightness of the system.
WARNING B
or a wooden board.
2
4 3
6.9.3 USING THE CLAMSHELL BUCKET
Consult the specific operation manual.
4
6.9.4 MAINTENANCE
The hydraulic system does not require any maintenance oper- 1
ation and inspection other than those prescribed for the ma- RKA14570
chine.
Regarding the maintenance operations required for the clam-
shell bucket, see the specific operation manual.
273
CONFIGURATION FOR THE USE OF THE HAND HYDRAULIC HAMMER
6.10 CONFIGURATION FOR THE USE OF THE HAND HYDRAULIC

HAMMER
WARNING
q The hand hydraulic hammer is very noisy; always wear headphones when using it.
q The hand hydraulic hammer transmits intense vibrations that may cause psychical and physical stress
to the operator; be extremely careful especially at the end of work and have short rests when you feel
that you are losing sensibility in the upper limbs.

The machine can be provided with delivery (1) and return (2)
couplings for the use of a hand hydraulic hammer; the connec- 4
tion to the machine is made up by two flexible pipes (3).
The hammer circuit is separated from the normal circuits of the
machine by means of a solenoid valve controlled by a push
button positioned on the side dashboard.
The operation of the push button (4), which includes a connec-
tion warning light, energizes the solenoid valve that permits
the flow of the oil necessary for the operation of the hammer; if
the push button (4) is pressed a second time, the solenoid RKAB4610
valve is deenergized and the oil flow is interrupted.

For operation, the hammer is provided with a specific control.
(See the specific operation manual).
1
3 2
RKA15130
274
6.10.2 INSTALLING AND REMOVING THE

HAND HAMMER
WARNING
q The connection and removal of the hammer must be
carried out with the machine parked on a level surface
and the equipment resting on the ground, parking brake
applied and control safety locks engaged.
q Completely release any residual pressure from the
pipes before connecting or disconnecting the hammer. RKA14490

6.10.2.1CONNECTING THE HAND HAMMER

To connect the hammer, proceed as follows:
1 - Stop the engine and move the hydraulic controls in all di-
rections, in order to completely release the residual pres-
sure present in the circuits of the machine.
2 - Turn the ignition key to position « » and press the ham-
mer control push button (4) to release the residual pres-
sure from the hammer delivery pipe.
RKA14500
IMPORTANT
tion « ».
3 - Move the backhoe control levers more than once
and press the hammer control button (4) to release
the residual pressure from the hammer delivery
pipe.
4 - Turn the ignition key to position « ». RWA01960
4 - Make sure that the couplings are perfectly clean and con-
nect the hammer.
5 - Start the engine and press the push button (4) to enable
the hammer circuit.
6 - Increase the engine speed to the rpm indicated in the
technical data by means of the hand accelerator and then
start working.
RWA02000
275
6.10.2.2REMOVING THE CONNECTIONS

At the end of work, proceed as follows:
1 - Press the push button (4) to disconnect the circuit, reduce 4
the engine rpm and stop the engine.
2 - Move the hydraulic controls more than once in all direc-
tions, in order to release any residual pressure from the
circuits of the machine.
3 - Turn the ignition key to position « » and press the ham-
mer control push button (4) to release the residual pres-
sure from the hammer delivery pipe; after releasing the
RKAB4610
pressure, press the push button (4) again to disconnect
the circuit.
IMPORTANT
to release the residual pressure from the circuits follow
the procedure indicated in the previous paragraph
"6.10.2.1 CONNECTING THE HAND HAMMER"”.
5 - Disconnect the hammer.
CAUTION
q If quick couplings are not provided, place sealing plugs
with the relevant gaskets on the couplings of the ma-
chine and of the hammer.
WARNING
q Make sure that the plugs are properly tightened and that
there are no leakages; if the circuit is inadvertently pres-
surized, small leakages can be turned into thin jets that
may perforate the skin or injure the eyes.
q Always wear thick gloves and safety goggles to carry
out this check.
or a wooden board.
6.10.3 USING THE HAMMER

Consult the specific manual.
6.10.4 MAINTENANCE
The hydraulic system does not require any maintenance operation and inspection other than those prescribed for
the machine.
Regarding the maintenance operations required for the hammer, see the specific operation manual.
276
LOAD STABILIZER SYSTEM (LSS) (Optional)
6.11 LOAD STABILIZER SYSTEM (LSS) (Optional)
CAUTION
q Never operate the load stabilizer system while using the backhoe.
The load stabilizer system (LSS) improves the performance of the machine during travel, regardless of the type of
terrain and of the bucket load. It reduces the oscillations while travelling and while carrying loads, at the same time
increasing productivity and the operator’s comfort. It also reduces to a minimum the impact forces to which the ma-
chine may be subjected. When the load stabilizer system is in operation, the loader pressure in low position is lim-
ited to that supplied by the weight of the arm and the bucket. The bucket weight is hydraulically cushioned when
the machine is moving. To activate the load stabilizer system (LSS), press the switch positioned on the side instru-
ment panel (see "3.3.2 pos. 21 - LOAD STABILIZER SYSTEM SWITCH “LSS” (if provided)").
IMPORTANT
q If the machine is equipped with safety valves (see "3.3.2 pos. 20 - ELECTRIC SAFETY VALVE SWITCH
(if installed)") on the front loader, make sure that they are disconnected.
When the operation of the system is not required any longer, move the switch back to the neutral position (LED
off).
6.11.1 LOAD STABILIZER SYSTEM (LSS)

ACCUMULATOR
CAUTION
q If it is necessary to repair or change the accumulator of
the load stabilizer system, contact your Komatsu Dealer.
Failure to comply with this instruction may cause seri-
ous injury and even death. 1
PRESSURIZING THE LOAD STABILIZER SYSTEM (LSS) RKAB4730
1 - Every time you start the machine or after pauses lasting

more than 30 minutes, press the upper part of the switch
(16) and at the same time lift the loader to the end of
stroke, thus reaching the maximum pressure in the sys-
tem; in this condition, release the switch (16).
IMPORTANT
q This operation pressurizes the LSS system and there-
fore ensures optimal performance.
q The release of the switch (16) and its automatic return to
the neutral position interrupt the pressurization of the
system, but don't connect the system.
2 - To connect the system, lower the loader and press the

lower part of the switch (16), which remains in this posi-
tion and comes on to confirm that the system is activated.
3 - The system can be disconnected by moving the switch
(16) to the neutral position (warning light off).
277
REAR EQUIPMENT MECHANICAL QUICK COUPLING DEVICE
6.12 REAR EQUIPMENT MECHANI-

CAL QUICK COUPLING DEVICE
WARNING
q The work equipment coupling and uncoupling operatio
must be carried out on a firm and level surface.
q The method described is valid for any rear equipme
whose operation does not require the use of pressuriz
1
oil.
q Before starting work, make sure that the coupling pins a Pos.1
completely engaged in the equipment seats. Pos.2
The mechanical quick coupling device (1) of the rear equipm

has been developed by Komatsu to facilitate the coupling and
copuling of the various pieces of equipment.
It is a practical and user-friendly device and therefore it consid
ably reduces the time required to change the equipment.
The quick coupling device (1) also allows various type of equ
ment to be easily connected to the machine, for example: spec
buckets, drills, hydraulic hammers or other equipment, provid
that it is authorized by Komatsu.
RWA38560
If necessary, the bucket can be attached to the quick coupling
even in reversed position, as shown in Fig. A.
For the assembly or disassembly of the quick coupling device
on/from the backhoe arm, keep to the indications given in pa A
graph "3.13.4.1 CHANGING THE BACKHOE BUCKET".
The quick coupling device (1) features (like for a simple digg
bucket) two different positions for the coupling to the backh
which can be selected according to the operation to be perform
and to the equipment to be used:
q Pos.1: Normal digging position
q Pos.2: Indicated for operations on vertical walls, ensures 1
maximum swing and the maximum digging height along walls
IMPORTANT RWAB0520
q The slot (C) serves for the insertion of the release lever a
must always be positioned on the outside of the machi

as shown in Fig. B.
For any further information, see "6.12.1 EQUIPMENT CO B
PLING AND RELEASE PROCEDURE". C
RWAB0510
278
6.12.1 EQUIPMENT COUPLING AND RWA38570
RELEASE PROCEDURE 1
WARNING 6
When the coupling pins are removed or installed, chips
q
3
5
operators, who must decide together the words and sig- 4 2
4
q Avoid using your fingers to align the holes, since the
The following description illustrates by way of example the

coupling and release procedure of a standard digging bucket. 1
After installing the quick coupling device (1) on the backhoe
arm, proceed as indicated below.
q Coupling procedure:
2
1- Position the bucket on the ground, taking care to choose a
level surface and directing the bucket so that its flat part
rests on the ground.
2 - Insert the pins (2) and (3), in this order, in the apposite
coupling holes in the bucket. Lock the pins (2) and (3) with RWAB0530
the relevant safety retainers (4).

Clean the pins (2), (3) and the bushings carefully before
inserting them in the bucket and, if necessary, grease
them slightly. 1
3 - Remove the safety pin (5) with the relevant retainer (6)
from the quick coupling (1). 2
4 - Move the arm near the bucket and with a simple folding
movement engage the front pin (2) with the quick coupling
(1).
5 - Slightly lift the bucket, making sure that it is perfectly cou-
pled with the pin (2).
6 - Engage the coupling pin (3) with the quick coupling (1),
using the bucket folding hydraulic movement. Once the RWAB0540
bucket has been coupled, make sure that it is perfectly

engaged and insert the safety pin (5) in the apposite hole
in the quick coupling (1). Fit the retainer (6) in its place.
IMPORTANT
q The engagement of the bucket in the quick coupling
must always take place first with the pin (2) and succes-
sively with the pin (3).
1
CAUTION
q Before starting work the operator must make sure that
the bucket is correctly connected to the quick coupling. 3
RWAB0550
279
q Release procedure:
1 - Remove the safety pin (5) after removing the relevant re-
tainer (6). 5 1
2 - Slightly lift the bucket from the ground and insert the re-
lease lever (9) in the apposite hole in the quick coupling
(1).
3 - Exert a downward pressure with the release lever (9), un-
til the coupling pin (3) disengages from its seat.
4 - Rest the bucket onto the ground and disengage the cou-
pling pin (2) from the bucket, using the bucket control le-
vers. RWAB0560
5 - Insert the safety pin (5) with the relevant retainer (6) in the
quick coupling (1).
6 - Store the release lever (9) in the apposite space inside the
cab. 9
WARNING 1
q Be particularly careful when releasing the equipment
from the quick coupling (1).
3
Before definitively releasing the equipment from the
quick coupling (1), make sure that the former is posi-
tioned in such a way as to constitute no danger for the
operator. RWAB0570
Non-compliance with these rules may lead to serious

accidents.
RWAB0580
RKA14600
6.12.2 MAINTENANCE
For the various maintenance operations and for the checks to be carried out on the equipment quick coupling de-
vice, see the specific manual provided.
280
© 2005 KOMATSU UTILITY EUROPE S.p.A.

All Rights Reserved
Printed in Europe

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Operation & Maintenance

1.2 INFORMATION ON SAFETY

Other terms used in the signs

1.3.1 INTENDED USES

1.3.2 IMPROPER OR UNAUTHORIZED USE

1.3.3 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

1.4 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

1.4.1 MACHINE IDENTIFICATION

1.4.2 MACHINE IDENTIFICATION PLATE

the CE marking is applied inside the cab, on the left vertical

MANUFACTURED BY KOMATSU UTILITY EUROPE S.p.A.

Product Identification Number

MANUFACTURED BY KOMATSU UTILITY EUROPE S.p.A.

1.4.3 MACHINE IDENTIFICATION PLATE

- Massa rimorchiabile: non atto

TOTAL MASS WEIGHT FROM kg TO kg

WEIGHT FRONT AXLE FROM kg TO kg

WEIGHT REAR AXLE FROM kg TO kg

- Towable weight: not suitable

ENGINE POWER kW YEAR

1.4.4 ENGINE SERIAL NUMBER AND

1.4.5 FRONT AXLE SERIAL NUMBER

1.4.6 REAR AXLE SERIAL NUMBER

1.4.7 TRANSMISSION SERIAL NUMBER

1.4.8 CAB SERIAL NUMBER

1.4.9 SERIAL NUMBERS AND DEALER’S ADDRESS

Product identification number (PIN)

Rear axle no.

2.4 PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING WORK ................................................................................ 38

DESCRIPTION AND USE OF THE MACHINE

3.6.5.3 WORKING ON SLOPES ........................................................................................ 136

4.8.2.b CHANGING THE HYDRAULIC OIL ........................................................................ 198

SAFETY, NOISE AND VIBRATION PLATES

2.1 SAFETY, NOISE AND VIBRATION PLATES

2.1.1 POSITION OF THE SAFETY PLATES

NON INSERIRE LA DOPPIA TRAZIONE

DO NOT ENGAGE 4 WHEEL DRIVE

W˜HREND DER STRASSENFAHRT NICHT

NE PAS ENGAGER LES 4x4 POUR LE

DESCONECTAR 4x4 ANTES DE CIRCULAR

NˆO ENGRENE A TRASMISSˆO AS 4

PRIMA DI PARTIRE PER IL

+ SPEED CONTROL BUCKET CLOSE

L KICK-DOWN BUCKET OPEN

SAFETY, NOISE AND VIBRATION PLATES

SAFETY, NOISE AND VIBRATION PLATES

2.1.2 PICTOGRAMS AND RELEVANT MEANINGS

DO NOT OPEN THE ENGINE HOOD

HYDRAULIC OIL TOPPING UP

OVERTURNING THE FORKS

SAFETY, NOISE AND VIBRATION PLATES

CONSULT THE MANUAL

PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHEN HAN-

q Do not make holes in the shock absorber, do not weld or use

DO NOT START THE ENGINE WITH INCORRECT

SAFETY, NOISE AND VIBRATION PLATES

LOCK THE LOADER CONTROL

CONNECT THE BRAKE PEDALS