Wa0000.

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Measures of Variability(Dispersion)
TYPES
Two types of measure of dispersion
• Absolute measure of dispersion
• Relative measure of dispersion

Absolute & Relative measure of dispersion
• Absolute measure of dispersion
Measure the dispersion in term of the same unit as the units of
the data
For example: rupees → rupees, metres → metres , Kg→Kg
• Relative measure of dispersion:

Measure the dispersion is expressed in the form of a ratio,
coefficient or percentage and is independent of the units of
measurement.
Main measure the dispersion
• The Range
• Variance
• Standard Deviation
Range
The range R, is defined as the difference between the largest and the smallest
observations in a set of data.
𝑹 = 𝒙𝒎-𝒙𝟎
𝒙𝒎 denotes the largest value
𝒙𝟎 denotes the smallest value
When data are grouped into frequency distribution
The range is estimated by finding the difference between the upper class
boundary of the highest class and the lower class boundary of the lowest
class.
Range can not be calculated if there are any open-end classes in the
distribution.
Disadvantages of range
• It ignore all the information available from the intermediate
observation.
• Its value based only on the two extreme observation. It might give a
misleading picture of the spread in the data.
𝒙𝒎 − 𝒙𝟎
• Coefficient of Dispersion=
𝒙𝒎 + 𝒙𝟎
QUESTION
• The marks obtained by 9 students are given below:
𝟑𝟐, 𝟑𝟔, 𝟑𝟔, 𝟑𝟕, 𝟑𝟗, 𝟒𝟏, 𝟒𝟓, 𝟒𝟔, 𝟒𝟖
Find the Range and the Coefficient of Dispersion?
Sol:
Smallest value= 𝒙𝟎 =32 & Largest value= 𝒙𝒎 =48
Range= 𝒙𝒎 -𝒙𝟎 = 48-32 = 16
𝒙𝒎− 𝒙𝟎 48−32 16
Coefficient of Dispersion= = = = 0.2
𝒙𝒎+ 𝒙𝟎 48+32 80
Variance(R.A. Fisher in 1918) Standard
deviation(Karl Pearson)
Variance : is the mean(average) of the squares of all the deviation of
each measurement from the mean.
Standard deviation : The positive square root of the variance is called
Standard Deviation.
Formula : = , s
For population data = , =
For sample data = , s=

UNGROUPED & GROUPED
DISTRIBUTION
• Ungrouped Distribution Grouped Distribution
= (Variance) = (Variance)
s= (S.D) s= (S.D)
Alternative formula Alternative formula
= =
s= s=
Question: The marks obtained by 9 students are given below:
𝟑𝟐, 𝟑𝟔, 𝟑𝟔, 𝟑𝟕, 𝟑𝟗, 𝟒𝟏, 𝟒𝟓, 𝟒𝟔, 𝟒𝟖
Find the Variance and the Standard deviation?
32+36+36+37+39+41+45+46+48
Mean(x)= =360Τ9 = 40
9
𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑖 − 𝞦 (𝑥𝑖 − 𝞦)2
32 -8 64
36 -4 16
36 -4 16
37 -3 9
39 -1 1
41 1 1
45 5 25
46 6 36
48 8 64
∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝞦)2=232
Continue
Putting the values in formula:
Variance: = = =25.78
Standard Deviation: s= = =5.08

Alternative Method
The marks obtained by 9 students are given below:
𝟑𝟐, 𝟑𝟔, 𝟑𝟔, 𝟑𝟕, 𝟑𝟗, 𝟒𝟏, 𝟒𝟓, 𝟒𝟔, 𝟒𝟖
Find the Variance and the Standard deviation
𝒙𝒊 𝒙𝒊 𝟐
32 1024
36 1296
36 1296
37 1369
39 1521
41 1681
45 2025
46 2116
48 2304
∑𝒙𝒊=360 ∑𝒙𝒊 𝟐=14632
Continue
Putting the values in formula
Variance: = =
1625.77-402 =1625.77-1600 = 25.77
Standard Deviation= =
Grouped Distribution
Classes Frequency 𝒙𝒊 𝒇 𝒊 𝒙𝒊 𝒙𝒊 𝟐 𝒇 𝒊 𝒙𝒊 𝟐
65-84 9 74.5 670.5 5550.25 49952.25
85-104 10 94.5 945 8930.25 89302.50
105-124 17 114.5 1946.5 13110.25 222874.25
125-144 10 134.5 1345 18090.25 180902.50
145-164 5 154.5 772.5 23870.25 119351.25
165-184 4 174.5 698 30450.25 121801
185-204 5 194.5 972.5 37830.25 189151.25
∑=7350 ∑=973335
Continue
Putting the values
Variance: = =
=16222.25-(122.5)2 = 16222.25-15006.25 = 1216
Standard deviation: s = = = 34.87

Grouped Distribution
• Calculate the Variance and Standard Deviation of the following date
given below
Weight 65-84 85-104 105-124 125-144 145-164 165-184 185-204
Frequency 9 10 17 10 5 4 5
Solution:
Classes Frequency 𝒙𝒊 𝑥𝑖 − 𝞦 (𝑥𝑖 − 𝞦)2 𝑓𝑖 (𝑥𝑖 − 𝞦)2
65-84 9 74.5 74.5-122.5=-48 2304 9(2304)=20736
85-104 10 94.5 94.5-122.5=-28 784 10(784)=7840
105-124 17 114.5 114.5-122.5=-8 64 1088
125-144 10 134.5 134.5-122.5=12 144 1440
145-164 5 154.5 154.5-122.5=32 1024 5120
165-184 4 174.5 174.5-122.5=52 2704 10816
185-204 5 194.5 194.5-122.5=72 5184 25920

Mean(X)= n=60 ∑𝒇𝒊 (𝒙𝒊 − 𝞦)𝟐=
72960
Continue
Putting the values
𝟐 ∑𝒇𝒊 (𝒙𝒊 −𝞦)𝟐 72960

Variance: 𝐬 = = = 1216
𝒏 60
Standard Deviation: = = 34.87

Any Question?
Peristaltic flow of non-Newtonian fluid with magnetic field and electro-osmosis 28

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1

• Absolute measure of dispersion

• Relative measure of dispersion

• Relative measure of dispersion:

For population data = , =

For sample data = , s=

Standard Deviation: s= = =5.08

1625.77-402 =1625.77-1600 = 25.77

=16222.25-(122.5)2 = 16222.25-15006.25 = 1216

Standard deviation: s = = = 34.87

Weight 65-84 85-104 105-124 125-144 145-164 165-184 185-204

65-84 9 74.5 74.5-122.5=-48 2304 9(2304)=20736

85-104 10 94.5 94.5-122.5=-28 784 10(784)=7840

105-124 17 114.5 114.5-122.5=-8 64 1088

125-144 10 134.5 134.5-122.5=12 144 1440

145-164 5 154.5 154.5-122.5=32 1024 5120

165-184 4 174.5 174.5-122.5=52 2704 10816

185-204 5 194.5 194.5-122.5=72 5184 25920

𝟐 ∑𝒇𝒊 (𝒙𝒊 −𝞦)𝟐 72960

Standard Deviation: = = 34.87

Peristaltic flow of non-Newtonian fluid with magnetic field and electro-osmosis 28

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