(Project) INTEGRATION OF SOLAR PV INTO GRID

INTEGRATION OF SOLAR PV INTO GRID
USING A NEW UPQC DIFFERENTIAL

INVERTER CONTROL
Submitted by
M.MADHAVAN
S.SANJAI
ABSTRACT
Integrated photovoltaic (PV) distribution system voltage stability is of

great significance in supporting all connected equipment smooth
functioning in the distribution network. Voltage profile maintenance is
one of the challenging tasks in PV integration. To maintain a constant
voltage profile is the main idea of this project. A single phase PV-
Integrated distribution system is selected. Active power decoupling
facility is the main advantage using the differential inverter. The ratio
of the distribution system is assumed to be constant. A prototype
model of differential UPQC is developed.
INTRODUCTION
 The present-day PQ issues includes high reactive power

consumption due to low power factor loads, the low harmonic
current burden due to non-linear loads such as converters,
battery chargers, mercury vapour lamps, computer, welding sets,
arc furnace, etc.
 Although there are studies that explore the possibility of PVs
providing reactive power, the most common equipment on the
market is deficient in its ability to supply reactive power to the
system.
 Unified Power Quality conditioner (UPQC) is a compensating
device widely used for PQ improvement of the system. It has
two voltage source inverter (VSIs), namely distribution static
synchronous compensator(D-STATCOM) and dynamic voltage
restorer(DVR)
 Active power can be injected into the line if the DC link of D-
STATCOM makes use of battery energy storage system (BESS).
 To maintain the voltage at any node or bus in a power system,
balancing of the reactive power generation and demand at that
node or bus is essential.
SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE
 To synchronize the solar PV system to the distribution system

using UPQC.
 It derives the most suitable control strategy for the UPQC with
battery energy storage system (BESS).
 To increase voltage stability of the distribution system.
EXISTING SYSTEM
 The D-STATCOM for frequency regulation and voltage
regulation of distribution system was achieved.
 The bad compensator the line for voltage stability and
power factor improvement using instantaneous reactive
power control was analysed the performance of the device
was analysed for unbalanced and non-linear loads.
 The above practical results were not carried out
successfully to overcome these drawbacks the D-STATOM
and DVR was analysed in our project as a control strategy.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
1. Unified Power Quality Conditioner
2. PV integration
3. Differential inverters
4. Control strategy
Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC)
 The UPQC is one of the custom power devices which consists of
D-STATCOM and DVR.
 D-STATCOM injects or absorbs active power with the BESS in
the DC-link.
 DVR is connected in series with the line and used for sag and
swell mitigation. UPQC, It is used for improving the Power
Quality of the system.
PV INTEGRATION
 The technology that allows large scale solar power produced
from PV or CSP system to penetrate the already existing power
grid.
 CSP concentrating solar-thermal power
 It is a technology uses mirror reflection and concentrate sunlight
onto the receiver.
DIFFERENTIAL INVERTERS
 The DM buck inverter consists of dc-dc buck converter. There
are two operating modes DM and CM.
 DM transfer active power while the CM compensate the second
order ripple power arising from the differential mode.
 The common mode (CM) refers to signals or noise that flow in
the same direction in a pair of lines.
 The differential mode (DM) refers to signals or noise that flow
in the opposite directions in a pair of lines.
CONTROL STRATEGY
1. Control of D-STATCOM :
 The D-STATCOM injects the active power of the PV
source and the entire load reactive power demand.
 The CM connection is used to circulate the ripple
power through switches and capacitors.
 The filter capacitance generates the second order
frequency components of active power and is
connected between alternating current and the negative
side of the battery.
2. Control of DVR :
 During sag and swell, the DVR injects appropriate

voltage to the system and maintains the load voltage.
 DM is used to transfer the power whereas the CM is
used to bypass the ripple power.
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
Fig 1 : Waveform of current of non-linear load in ampere

Fig 1 shows the waveform of the non-linear load alone with respect to
the current, in ampere.
Fig 2 : Waveform of D-statcom voltage and current before

compensation
Fig 2 shows the D-statcom voltage and current before compensation.
The current is slightly lagging due to the inductive load. The current
waveform is non sinusoidal due to non-linear loads.
Fig 3 : Waveform of source voltage and current after compensation.
Fig 3 shows the waveform of source voltage and source current. Here,
the phase angle between the current and the voltage is 0°. Hence, the
power factor is unity.
CONCLUSION
The study simulates a 20 kVA, single-phase UPQC (using a PV-

integrated distribution system for design) with a reduced DC link
voltage of 360 V in MATLAB R2016a using ode23tb solver. The total
load was 22 kVA in the system and the voltage is maintained at 226 V.
To reduce THD, reactive load compensation of 10 kVAR and taking
away the unwanted harmonics from the source were found to be
sufficient. The source draws only active power, and the simulation
results validated the input power factor as unity. The development of a
prototype model of the UPQC of 800 VA capacity took place in our
laboratory, by incorporating a 10 kW PV power into the grid and
using a D-SPACE controller. The model achieved a load voltage of
200 V irrespective of sag and swell, with an economic model. This
new design would find application in PV-integrated distribution
systems and PV generating companies which need to integrate the PV
generation to the utility grid for maintaining PQ standards. We have to
limit the load in the line to the thermal limit of the conductor,
therefore a higher capacity UPQC will be a limitation. We are
planning to design and develop a three-phase, four-wire UPQC of 100
kVA rating, which is optimal for a healthcare facility/hospital.

(Project) INTEGRATION OF SOLAR PV INTO GRID

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INTEGRATION OF SOLAR PV INTO GRID

USING A NEW UPQC DIFFERENTIAL

Integrated photovoltaic (PV) distribution system voltage stability is of

 The present-day PQ issues includes high reactive power

 To synchronize the solar PV system to the distribution system

 During sag and swell, the DVR injects appropriate

Fig 1 : Waveform of current of non-linear load in ampere

Fig 2 : Waveform of D-statcom voltage and current before

The study simulates a 20 kVA, single-phase UPQC (using a PV-

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