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This document discusses the application of frictional principles in five mechanical systems: 1) Wedges, where friction allows a wedge to lift an object by applying force at an angle. 2) Screw threads, where the inclined plane of a screw transfers force via friction. 3) Belts, where friction between a belt and pulley transfers power between shafts. 4) Brakes, where friction converts kinetic energy to heat to slow or stop motion. 5) Clutches, where friction plates connect and disconnect an engine from a transmission to control power transfer.

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47 views

Assignment

This document discusses the application of frictional principles in five mechanical systems: 1) Wedges, where friction allows a wedge to lift an object by applying force at an angle. 2) Screw threads, where the inclined plane of a screw transfers force via friction. 3) Belts, where friction between a belt and pulley transfers power between shafts. 4) Brakes, where friction converts kinetic energy to heat to slow or stop motion. 5) Clutches, where friction plates connect and disconnect an engine from a transmission to control power transfer.

Uploaded by

kalu kio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENG-218-001/2019

KELVIN MUMO MWIVITHI

MECHANICS 1 ASSIGNMENT 1

1.Friction principle application in wedges

Wedge-is an inclined plane that is used to raise or lower an object. A wedge is therefore the
simplest of machines and requires friction to function.The diagram below shows a simple
wedge lifting a mass m.

Looking at each diagram differently, we see that there are two forces,R1 and R2,which
correspond to the resultant of friction and normal force. The forces will be at angle$[tan$=u]
relative to a reference line that is normal to the surface.

2.Friction principle application in screw threads

A screw is essentially an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. Therefore we will use a
similar analysis as we did for wedges. Types of Screws: Square thread – used to transmit power,
V-Thread – used for fastening. The screw has several additional quantities that must be defined;
r – The radius of the thread, measured from the center of the shaft to the center of the thread.
L – This is the lead or the vertical height change (advancement) per revolution. a – This is the
pitch or angle of the thread. A downward force W and moment M are required for the screw to
operate properly. This is true for raising or lowering the screw.

3.Frictional principle application in belts

In any system where a belt or a cable is wrapped around a pulley or some other cylindrical
surface, we have the potential for friction between the belt or cable and the surface it is in
contact with. In some cases, such as a rope over a tree branch being used to lift an object,the
friction forces represent a loss. In other cases such as a belt driven system, these friction forces
are put to use transferring power from one pulley to another pulley.

4.Friction principle application in brakes

A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving
system. ... One brake may use several principles: for example, a pump may pass fluid through
an orifice to create friction. Friction brakes apply pressure on two separate objects to slow the
vehicle in a controlled manner. Friction braking is the most commonly used braking method in
modern vehicles. It involves the conversion of kinetic energy to thermal energy by applying
friction to the moving parts of a system. The friction force resists motion and in turn generates
heat, eventually bringing the velocity to zero.

5.Friction principle application in clutch

A friction clutch is a device is used in the automobiles to connect the engine to the driven shaft.
The friction force is used to start the driven shaft from rest and gradually brings it up to the
proper speed without excessive slipping of the friction surfaces.

When two revolving friction surfaces are brought into contact and pressed, then they are
united and start to revolve at the same speed due to the friction force between them. This is
the basic principle of a clutch. The friction between these two surfaces depends on the area of
a surface, the pressure applied to them and the friction material between them. The driven
member is a pressure plate mounted on the transmission shaft. Some friction plates, som
Nowadays, most of the cars are using a basic friction clutch that mainly has some normal
components, which people may be heard before. A friction clutch can be used by engineers in
engaging and disengaging transmission and flywheel.

It is operated through a mechanical cable or hydraulic cable that consists of a clutch plate, a
pressure plate, and a release bearing.

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