Forensic Chemistry Activity

PLT COLLEGE, INC
FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY

SY 2022-2023 (1st Semester)
Name: NIPAHOY, STEFANE P. Date: 07, DECEMBER, 2022
Section: SECTION 4
Exercise No. 1
PARTS AND FUNCTION OF THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
I. OBJECTIVES:
After completion of this exercises, the student should be able to:
Identify the parts and function of the compound microscope.
Appreciate the importance of microscope in the study of forensic science.
II. MATERIALS:
Image and text of compound microscope available in the internet.
III. ACTIVITY:
1. Search and download a copy of a compound microscope preferably CX23
Olympus, or Nikon 100.
2. Study the parts and function
3. Answer relevant questions.
IV. QUESTIONS.
1. Copy and Paste an image of the microscope. Label the parts.
2. In a tabulated format, identify the parts and define the function of the microscope
Parts Functions
1. Head This is also known as the body. It carries the
optical parts in the upper part of the microscope.
2. Base It acts as microscopes support. It also carries
microscopic illuminators.
Prepared by: CLARITA M. DONTOGAN, RMT,MPH,DPA
Course Instructor0 9132022
3. Arms This are the part connecting the base and to the
head and the eyepiece tube to the base of the
microscope. It gives support to the head of the
microscope and it also used when carrying the
microscope. Some high-quality microscopes have
an articulated arm with more than one joint
allowing more movement of the microscopic head
for better viewing.
4. Eyepiece Also known as the ocular. This is the part used to
look through the microscope. It Is found at the top
of the microscope and its standard magnification is
10x with an optional eyepiece having
magnifications from 5x to 30x.
5. Eyepiece Tube It’s the eyepiece holder. It carries the eyepiece just
above the objective lens. In some microscope such
as the binoculars, the eyepiece tube is flexible and
can be rotated for maximum visualization, for
variance in distance. For monocular, microscopes,
they are non-flexible.
6. Objective lenses These are the major lenses used for specimen
visualization. they have a magnification power of
40x-100x. there are about 1-4 objective lenses
placed on one microscope, in that some are rare
facing and others face forward. Each lens has its
own magnification power.
7. Nose Piece Also known as the revolving turret. Nose piece
holds the objective lenses. It is movable hence it
Cal revolve the objectives lenses depending on the
magnification power of the lens.
8. The adjustment These are knobs that are used to focus the
knobs microscope. There are two types of adjustment
knobs which are the fine adjustment knobs and
coarse adjustment knobs.
9. Stage This is the section in which the specimen is placed
for viewing. They have stage clips that hold the
specimen slides in place. The most common stage
is the mechanical stage, which allows the control of
the slides by moving the slides using the
mechanical knobs on the stage instead of moving
them manually.
10. Aperture This is a hole on the microscope stage, through
which the transmitted light from the source reaches
the stage.
11.Microscopic This is the microscopes light source, located at the
Illuminator base. It is used instead of a mirror. It captures light
from an external source of a low voltage of about
100v.
12. Condenser These are lenses that are used to collect and focus
light from the illuminator into the specimen. They
are found under the stage next to the diaphragm of
the microscope. They play a major role in ensuring
clear sharp images are produced with a high
magnification of 400x and above. The higher the
magnification of the condenser, the more the
image clarity. More sophisticated microscopes
come with an abbe condenser that has a high
magnification of about 1000x.
13.Diaphragm Its also known as the iris. It is found under the
stage of the microscope and its primary role is to
control the amount of light that reaches the
specimen. It’s an adjustable apparatus, hence
controlling the light intensity and the size of the
beam of light that gets to the specimen. For high-
quality microscopes, the diaphragm comes
attached with an abbe condenser and combined
they are able to control the light focus and light
intensity that reaches the specimen.
14. Condenser Focus This is a knob that moves the condenser up or
Knobs down thus controlling the focus of light on the
specimen.
15. Abbe condenser This is a condenser specially designed for high-
quality microscopes, which makes the condenser
to be movable and allows very high magnification
of above 400x. High-quality microscopes normally
have high numerical aperture that objective lenses.
16. The Rack Stop It controls how far the stages should go preventing
the objective lens from getting too close to the
specimen slide which ay damage the specimen. It
is responsible for preventing the specimen slide
from coming too far up and hitting the objective
lens.
Please add necessary rows as applicable.
3. What are the four (4) objectives of a compound microscope?
The four objectives of a compound microscope are the following; the
scanning lens(4x), the low-power lens (10x), the high-power lens (40x) and
the oil immersion lens (100x).
4. What is the importance of microscope in Forensic Chemistry?

Give examples.
The microscope is used by forensic scientists to locate, isolate
identify and compare samples. Morphological properties are often used to
identify and compare fibrous evidence such as human and animal hair.
Particle identification and microcrystalline testing can be used to determine
the chemical properties to various types of evidence.
V. REFERENCES. (Indicate the source of your reference)
1. Microbiology by Lansing M. Prescott (5th Edition)
2. https://www.microscope.com/compound-microscope-parts

3. https://www.cliffsnotes.com
4. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
PLT COLLEGE, INC

Name: NIPAHOY, STEFANIE P. Date: 07, DECEMBER 2022
Section: SECTION 4
Exercise No. 2
COMPOSITION OF BLOOD
I. OBJECTIVES:
Identify the different composition of Blood.
Appreciate the importance of blood as physical evidence in the study of forensic
science.
II. MATERIALS:
Images and content about blood available in the internet.
III. ACTIVITY:
1. Search and study about blood composition.
2. Study the characteristics, compositions and function of blood components
IV. QUESTIONS.
1. What are the different components of blood?
Blood is a specialized body fluid. It has four components: plasma, red blood cells,
white blood cells, and platelets.
2. In a tabulated format, characterized the different components of blood.

Blood Components Characteristics
1. Plasma The liquid component of blood, a mixture of water,
sugar, fat, protein, and salts. The main job f the
plasma is to transport blood cells throughout your
body along with nutrients, waste products,
antibodies, clotting proteins, chemical messengers
such as hormones and proteins that help maintain
the body’s fluid balance.
2. Red Blood Cells Known for their bright red color, red cells are the
most abundant cells in the blood, accounting for
about 40 to 45 percent of its volume. The shape of
a red blood cell is biconcave disk with a flattened
center- in other words, both faces of the disc have
shallow bowl-like indentations (a red blood cell
looks like a donut). Red cells contain a special
protein called hemoglobin, which carries oxygen
from lungs to the rest of the body.
3. White Blood Cells White blood cells are responsible for about 1
percent of your blood. The neutrophil is the
‘immediate response’ cell and accounts for 55 to
70 percent of the total white blood cell count.
Transfusion of the neutrophils is generally not
effective since they do not remain in the body for
long.
4. Platelets There are two types of blood cell platelets and
fibrin- which help the blood clotting process. A high
or low number of platelets can cause unnecessary
clotting, which can lead to strokes and heart
attacks. Advances in antiplatelet therapies mean
there are treatments available to help prevent
these potentially fatal events.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
Please add necessary rows as applicable.
3. What is the difference of plasma versus serum?
Serum and plasma both come from the liquid portion of the blood that
remains once the cells are removed, but that’s where the similarities end.
Serum is the liquid that remains after the blood has clotted. Plasma is the liquid
that remains when clotting is prevented with the addition of an anticoagulant.
4. Why blood is important in crime investigation.?
Blood is one of the most important biological traces that are often found
on the crime scene. Due to valuable information it contains, it is considered to
be a very important forensic tool. Analysis of different aspects of bloodstains
can contribute to clarify the circumstances under which some violent crimes
have been committed. Such crucial information can point criminal investigation
in the right direction and help solve the crime. In some case it can also help with
legal determination of criminal offense which can lead to more accurate and
more appropriate punishment for the perpetrator it is very important to
determine the sequence of events during the commitment of a violent crime
involving blood. Analysis of different aspects of bloodstains includes appropriate
methods from natural sciences, particularly methods in molecular biology and
also from mathematics, physics and chemistry. Proper knowledge enables
interpretation of results and makes it possible to get closer to the truth, solve
that particular crime and bring the perpetrator to justice. After determining that it
is blood by using serological tests, DNA profiles which account for the donors of
different bloodstains are obtained. For the answers about sequence of events
and mechanisms of creation of specific groups of bloodstains on the crime
scene, investigation is pointed towards morphological analysis of bloodstains.

1. https://www.hematology.org
2. https://www.westlab.com
3. https://juniperpublishers.com
PLT COLLEGE, INC

Name: NIPAHOY, STEFANIE P. Date: 07, DECEMBER, 2022
Section: SECTION 4
Exercise No. 3
ABO BLOOD GROUPING
I. OBJECTIVES:
Identify the different ABO Blood groupings.
Appreciate the importance of blood groupings in the study of forensic science.
II. MATERIALS:
Images and content about ABO blood groupings available in the internet.

III. ACTIVITY:
1. Search and study about ABO blood grouping
2. Study the characteristics, principles and procedure of ABO Blood Grouping.
IV. QUESTIONS.
1. What are the different Major Blood Groups in medico-legal studies of blood?
A, B, AB and O are the major blood groups in medico-legal studies of blood.
2. In a tabulated format, characterized the different ABO blood groups according to the
antigens, antibodies present.
Blood Groups Antigen Antibody
1. A A Anti-B
2. B B Anti-A
3. AB A&B none
4. O none Anti-A & Anti-B
3. In a tabulated format, demonstrate how the ABO blood groups reacts to Cell Typing
and Serum Typing Method. (You may design your own table here)
4. Why blood grouping is important in crime investigation.

Forensic scientists often use techniques to identify blood types (blood
typing) because an individual’s blood type is not affected by disease, drugs,
climate, occupation, living conditions, or any other physical circumstances.
Additionally, scientists used blood-typing to determine paternity. For example, a
parent with an AB-blood type could never had a child with type O. If a woman of
type O gives birth to a type O child, a man with type AB blood cannot be the
father.
1. Recorded lecture
2. https://embryo.asu.edu.com
PLT COLLEGE, INC

Section: SECTION 4
Exercise No. 4
Rh Typing
I. OBJECTIVES:
Identify the different Rh typing.
Appreciate the importance of Rh typing in the study of forensic science.
II. MATERIALS:
Images and content about Rh available in the internet.
III. ACTIVITY:
1. Search and study about Rh Typing
2. Study the characteristics, principles and procedure of Rh Typing.

IV. QUESTIONS.
1. What is Rh Typing?
Rh typing or rhesus is used to find out if you have a certain protein called Rh
factor on the outer layer of your red blood cells. If you don’t have Rh factor in your
blood, you are Rh negative. If you have Rh factor in your blood, you are Rh positive.
But Rh negative blood types can be passed down to parents to children. Rh typing is
important during pregnancy. If you are Rh negative and your baby is Rh positive, you
may have an Rh incompatibility. During pregnancy, its possible that some of your
baby’s blood could pass through the placenta into your body. Your body may react to
your baby’s blood as a foreign substance and make antibodies against it. This can
cause a miscarriage, anemia and problems in later pregnancy. The first pregnancy is
often not affected by Rh incompatibility because the baby is often born before many of
the antibodies develop. These risks can be lowered by a shot or shots of Rh
immunoglobin during each pregnancy, miscarriage or other instances when you may
have been exposed to Rh positive blood.
2. Describe the principle of Rh Typing.

Rh (D) typing is based on the principle of agglutination. Normal human red
blood cells, processing antigens, will clump in the presence of antibody directed toward
the antigens. Agglutination of patient or control red blood cells with anti-D serum and
no agglutination with the control reagent is a positive test result, which indicates the
presence of the D antigen on the red blood red blood cells. Absence of agglutination is
a negative test result, which indicates the D antigen is not demonstrable
3. Give the step by step procedure of performing the Rh Typing.
The blood draw can be performed at a hospital or a clinical laboratory. Your
skin will be cleaned before the test with an antiseptic to help prevent infection.
A nurse or technician will wrap a band around your arm to make your veins
more visible. They’ll use a needle to draw several samples of blood from your arm or
hand. After the draw, gauze and a bandage will be placed over the puncture site.
In order to determine your blood type, a lab technician will mix your blood
sample with antibodies that attack types A and B blood to see how it reacts.
If your blood cells clump together when mixed with antibodies against type A
blood, for example, you have a type A blood. Your blood sample will then be mixed
with an anti-Rh serum. If your blood cells clump together in response to the anti-Rh
serum, it means that you have Rh-positive blood.
.
4. Cite a criminal case where Rh Typing played an important role in solving the
crime.
Date/Time/ Place of the crime
Person involved in the crime
Summary of the Case.
In 1955 during the case of State of Ohio v Samuel Sheppard blood

splatter played a large role in showing Shepard was innocent of murdering
his wife. Criminalist Paul Kirk presented blood spatter evidence that
suggested that a third person was present at the scene (other than
Sheppard and the deceased) when the wife was murdered. Sam Sheppard's
blood was eventually excluded from the crime scene through DNA tests in
1998. The television show and movie “the Fugitive” is based on the events
surrounding this case.
The Pioneer of the scientific use of blood stains was Dr. Eduard
Piotrowski from the Institute for Forensic Medicine in Krakow Poland.
Piotrowski conducted extensive studies on the distribution of bloodstains
relating to head injuries and his work was published in Vienna in 1895. Head
injuries being very common in accidents as well as assaults with fist and
weapons.

1. https://www.urmc.rochester.edu
2. Technical manual.9th ed. Arlington, VA; American Association of Blood Banks 1985
3. https://medlineplus.gov
PLT COLLEGE, INC

Name: NIPAHOY, STFANIE P. Date: 07, DECEMBER, 2022
Section: SECTION 4
Exercise No. 5
DETERMINATION OF PROBABLE BLOOD TYPES
I. OBJECTIVES:
Determine probable blood types of offspring.
Appreciate the importance of genetics in the study of forensic science.
II. MATERIALS:
Images and content about Blood Grouping genetics available in the internet.
III. ACTIVITY:
1. Search and study about ABO Blood. Group Genetics
IV. QUESTIONS.
1. Differentiate the genotype from phenotype in the context of blood groupings.
An individual’s genotype is the combination of alleles that they possess for
specific gene. An individual’s phenotype is the combination of their observable
characteristics or traits. While an organism’s genotype is directly inherited from its
parents, phenotype is merely influenced by genotype. Environmental factors can also
affect phenotype.
2. Explain or demonstrate the probability of Type A and Type B couples of having a Type
A, Type B, Type AB and Type O child.
One of each biological parent’s two ABO alleles is passed on to the child. A
blood type O mother can only give an O allele to her child. A parent with blood type AB
could provide either an A or B gene to his child. This couple could have children of
either blood type A (O from mother and A from father) or blood type B (O from mother
and B from father).
Since there are 4 different maternal blood types and 4 different paternal blood types
possible, there are 16 differnt combinations to consider when predicting the blood type
of children. In the tables below, all 16 possible combinations are shown. If you know
the blood type of the mother and father, the possible blood types for their children can
be found
3. If the father is Blood Type O and the mother is Blood Type O, the only possible blood
type of their child is Type O. Agree or Disagree. Explain your answer.
Yes. Basically, if two parents are both blood type O, all their children will have
type O blood. It is because it not possible for a couple with blood type O to have
offspring such type A, type B, type AB blood.

1. https://www.technologynetworks.com
2. https://www.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/ab-and-o-blood-type-parents-having-and-b-
children

PLT COLLEGE, INC
Name: NIPAHOY, STEFSNIE P. Date: 07, DECEMBER, 2022
Section: SECTION 4
Exercise No. 6
SEMEN AND SEMINAL STAIN EXAMINATION
I. OBJECTIVES:
Illustrate the appearance of normal and abnormal sperm cells seen under the
microscope.
Appreciate the laboratory examinations in identifying seminal stains in a crime
scene.
Appreciate the importance of seminal stain in the study of forensic science.
II. MATERIALS:
Images and content about Semen and seminal stains available in the internet.
III. ACTIVITY:
1. Search and study about semen and seminal stains.
IV. QUESTIONS.
1. Describe the collection process of seminal stains evidences in a crime scene.
Seminal stains are often, but not always, found on clothing, blankets and
sheets. Allow any stains to air dry, wrap in paper, and package evidence in paper bag
and do not use plastic bags. For sex offense cases, the victim should always be
examined by a physician. A sexual assault evidence collection kit is used to collect
evidence from the victim. It is very important that the instructions on the kit be followed
with care in order to gain the greatest benefit from the collected evidence. Also, label
all garments such as undershorts, panties, or other exhibits and package each garment
separately. If damp, allow fabric to dry completely before packaging and lastly, handle
fabrics as little as possible.
2. What are the different preliminary and confirmatory test for the presence of semen and
seminal stains. Summarized them in a tabulated format.
Preliminary test Confirmatory test

Semen Pink line in control By mixing the dyes
region + pink line in Picroindigocarmine
test region = (PIC) and Nuclear
positive result for Fast Red, you will
p30 get a visual
protein/seminal confirmation of the
fluid. presence of sperm
cells.
Seminal stain BCIP (5-Bromo-4- translucent or

chloro-3-indolyl opaque spots, at
phosphate). times with
yellowish tint and
darker border
depending on color
and thickness of
substrata
3. Discuss as how seminal stains can serve as evidence in solving a crime. Support your
answer by citing a reliable criminal case.
Detection of semen in forensic cases mostly sexual assault or misuse in
critical for evidence getting together. An ability to be taken about the forensic
light source, which gives out wavelength from 430nm to 700nm UV to VIS and
apparatus for making liquid clean were used. The very high-intensity light
sourced sensed semen in darkness ad daylight using wavelengths between
450nm to 490nm. ABO blood grouping careful was in the eldest careful way
used in forensic biology for grouping purposes. But nowadays, DNA
fingerprinting is an advanced technique used to solve crimes like group rape.
Even though in this case simplest and most old ABO blood grouping careful
way helped to solve a group rape case. In the present case, one attacked
person was a five years old girl who had sex by force by a person. Screening
the semen color-damaged spots using able to be taken about the forensic light
source and primary testing of semen color-damaged spots from different places
on the victim’s underclothes was don. ABO blood grouping of each selected
semen color damaged spots was done by the absorption-elusion careful way.
Those selected color-damaged spots showed blood group which matched with
the accused person blood group. Thus, the accused person was declared guilty
of criminal offense in this completely hate-causing crime.

PLT COLLEGE, INC
Section: SECTION 4
Exercise No. 7
PATTERN EVIDENCE: Tool Marks and Impression
I. OBJECTIVES:
Identify and differentiate pattern of tool marks and impressions.
Appreciate the laboratory examinations in identifying tool marks and
impressions in a crime scene.
II. MATERIALS:
Images and course content about tool marks and impression.
III. ACTIVITY:
1. Read the case study entitled The Wood-Chipper Homicide on page 17 of Criminalistics
by Barry Fisher.

2. Read Chapter 2 course content.
IV. QUESTIONS.
1. the case study, answer relevant questions:
a. Who are the main characters in this case study?
b. What are the trace evidences uncovered on the crime scene?

c. List important tools that were used by the suspect to commit the crime.
d. Aside from the physical evidence mentioned in the case, list other possible
trace evidences that can be found on the crime scene.
2. From the course content, describe examples of Pattern -Matching Evidence in a

tabulated form. Indicate the Source, Mark or Impression and Application.
3. What is casting? What is the importance of Casting in Crime investigation.
PLT COLLEGE, INC

Name:__________________________________ Date:___________________
Section _________________________________
Exercise No. 8
PATTERN EVIDENCE: Firearms
I. OBJECTIVES:
- Understand the significance of Firearms as pattern evidence in solving crime.
- Classify the types of firearms
- Understand how examination of weapons and ammunition is done.
II. MATERIALS:
Chapter 3 course content of Criminalistics by Barry Fisher pages 31 – 53.
III. ACTIVITY:
1. Read Chapter 3 on pages 31 – 53.

2. Read the case study entitled : The DC Snipers on page 31-32.
IV. QUESTIONS.
1. Describe how identification of the weapon used was done in the case
study mentioned above?
2. Describe the difference between barrel of a rifle and that of a shotgun.
3. Describe the variance of GSR deposits with distance from contact to 4
feet.
4. How can a firearms examiner approximate firing distance?
5. Describe a method for restoration of a serial number.
PLT COLLEGE, INC

Name:__________________________________ Date:___________________
Section _________________________________
Exercise No. 9
PATTERN EVIDENCE: Documents
I. OBJECTIVES:
- Appreciate the science involve in the study of questioned documents.
- Understands the different types of chemical tests done on questioned documents.
- Study the different properties of paper and inks
- Perform a home experimentation about inks and paper.
II. MATERIALS:
Chapter 5 of the Criminalistics book by Barry Fisher. Pages 79 – 97.

III. ACTIVITY:
1. Read Chapter 5 of the Criminalistics book by Barry Fisher. Pages 79 – 97.
2. Read the case study entitled : Hitler Diaries on page 79.
3. Read the case study entitled : Bobby Franks on page 87.
4. Obtain a writing sample from a friend and attempt to copy it. The text must this: “The
quick brown fox jump over the lazy dog”.
IV. QUESTIONS.
1. From the case study on page 79, describe some of the illustrated principles of
questioned document analysis.
2. From the case study on page 87, what was the significant evidence discovered?
3. Give several examples of questioned document.
4. Describe some methods to compare paper samples.
5. Describe how thin-layer chromatography may be used to identify inks.
6. From the writing sample from a friend which you copied, what it successful?
Please photograph a copy of that writing from your friend and yours. Include it in
this assignment.
PLT COLLEGE, INC

Name:__________________________________ Date:___________________
Section _________________________________
Exercise No. 10
PATTERN EVIDENCE: Physical Evidence
I. OBJECTIVES:
- Understand the significance of physical evidence in crime investigation
- List several physical evidences in the crime scene
- Study different chemical examination to identify this physical evidence
- Understand the different physical properties of this evidence that can link it to
successful crime investigation.
II. MATERIALS:
Chapter 6 of Criminalistics by Barry Fisher. Pages 99 – 127.
III. ACTIVITY:
1. Read Chapter 6 of Criminalistics by Barry Fisher. Pages 99 – 127.
2. Read Case Study: “ The Two Pias” on page 99 – 100.
IV. QUESTIONS.
1. From the case study, list the physical evidences discovered.
2. What is a physical evidence?
3. Enumerate the Chemical Examination of Glass Fragments.
4. Enumerate the examination of Paint Evidence.
5. Enumerate the examination of Soils.
6. What is Palynology? How it is used in solving crime?
PLT COLLEGE, INC

Name:__________________________________ Date:___________________
Section _________________________________
Exercise No. 11
PATTERN EVIDENCE: Hair and Fiber
I. OBJECTIVES:
- Understand the significance of hair and fiber in crime investigation
- Study different chemical examination to identify hair and fiber.
II. MATERIALS:
Chapter 7 of Criminalistics by Barry Fisher. Pages 129 – 150.
III. ACTIVITY:
2. Read case study: Bevan von Einem on page 129.
3. Read case study: The Atlanta Child Murders on page 138.
IV. QUESTIONS.
1. From the case stated above, describe how hair and fiber played an
important role in solving the crime.
2. Enumerate the three layers of hair shaft. Briefly describe each.
3. What are the hair growth cycle?
4. What are the examinations for hair evidence?
5. From the case study on page 138, what was the exact type of evidence
discovered that helped the investigators.
6. Enumerate the Natural Fibers.
7. Enumerate the Man-Made Fibers.
8. What are the examinations for fiber evidence.
PLT COLLEGE, INC

Name:__________________________________ Date:___________________
Section _________________________________
Exercise No. 12
CHEMICAL EVIDENCE: Arson and Explosives
I. OBJECTIVES:
- Understand the significance of arson and explosives in crime investigation.
- Study different chemical examination to cases of arson and explosives.
II. MATERIALS:
Chapter 9 of Criminalistics by Barry Fisher. Pages 183 - 205.
III. ACTIVITY:
5. Read case study: Ash Wednesday on page 183.
6. Read case study: World Trade Center Bombing on page 192.
IV. QUESTIONS.
9. From the case study on page 183, what was present in the environment that
accelerate the fire incident in the specific place of Australia?
10. What is the universal tool to identify accelerant residues in fire debris?
11. Classify according to class, boiling point and examples of Arson Accelerants.
12. Enumerate the techniques for method of recovery of accelerants traces from debris
samples.
13. From the case study on page 192, what is the main charge of the bomb used and
what was used to enhance incendiary effects of the bomb?
14. What are the tests used to analyze explosive debris? Enumerate them.
15. Describe the collection and preservation of explosive evidence.

PLT COLLEGE, INC
Name:__________________________________ Date:___________________
Section _________________________________
Exercise No. 13
BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE: DNA
I. OBJECTIVES:
- Study the characteristics and properties of DNA molecule.
- Understand the significance of DNA in crime investigation.
- Study the different examinations of DNA in solving crime.
II. MATERIALS:
III. ACTIVITY:
2. Read case study: Collin Pitchpork on page 267.
3. Read case study: Gary Dotson on page 273.
4. Read case study: Familial Searching on page 280.
IV. QUESTIONS.
1. From the case study on page 267, describe how the investigator collected DNA
samples? What kind of testing was employed in the DNA screening?
2. From the case study on page 273, if you were Gary Dotson, will you appreciate an be
thankful the importance of DQA1 testing? Why?
3. From the case study on page 280, describe how familial searching helped in solving
the crime.
4. Give the meaning of the following acronym in the context of this chapter:
a. DNA
b. VNTR
c. RFLP
d. PCR
e. HLA
f. LDLR
g. HBGG
h. HWE
i. DQA1
5. What are the five steps in RFLP Analysis?
6. What are the four steps in PCR Analysis?

PLT COLLEGE, INC
Name:__________________________________ Date:___________________
Section _________________________________
Exercise No. 14
CHEMICAL EVIDENCE: Forensic Toxicology
I. OBJECTIVES:
- Study the significance of Forensic Toxicology in crime investigation.
- Understand drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in human.
- Study the different examinations of drugs in relation to forensic science.
II. MATERIALS:
III. ACTIVITY:
9. Read case study: Marie Besnard on page 207 - 208.
IV. QUESTIONS.
16. From the case study on page 207,what specific poison used to kill all those victim?
What test was employed on the first trial to identify such poison?
Why Marie Besnard acquitted on the third trial?
17. Define the following term:

a. Postmortem Toxicology
b. Antemortem Toxicology
18. Describe how the following are processed in a human body.

a. Drug absorption
b. Drug distribution
c. Drug metabolism
d. Drug excretion
19. What are the different Drug Analysis in Forensic Toxicology. Emumerate.
20. Describe the absorption, distribution and metabolism of alcohol in the body.


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Forensic Chemistry Activity

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PLT COLLEGE, INC

FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY

Name: NIPAHOY, STEFANE P. Date: 07, DECEMBER, 2022

4. What is the importance of microscope in Forensic Chemistry?

Prepared by: CLARITA M. DONTOGAN, RMT,MPH,DPA

PLT COLLEGE, INC

Name: NIPAHOY, STEFANIE P. Date: 07, DECEMBER 2022

Prepared by: CLARITA M. DONTOGAN, RMT,MPH,DPA

V. REFERENCES. (Indicate the source of your reference)

PLT COLLEGE, INC

Name: NIPAHOY, STEFANIE P. Date: 07, DECEMBER, 2022

Prepared by: CLARITA M. DONTOGAN, RMT,MPH,DPA

4. Why blood grouping is important in crime investigation.

PLT COLLEGE, INC

Name: NIPAHOY, STEFANIE P. Date: 07, DECEMBER, 2022

Prepared by: CLARITA M. DONTOGAN, RMT,MPH,DPA

2. Describe the principle of Rh Typing.

In 1955 during the case of State of Ohio v Samuel Sheppard blood

V. REFERENCES. (Indicate the source of your reference)

PLT COLLEGE, INC

Name: NIPAHOY, STFANIE P. Date: 07, DECEMBER, 2022

V. REFERENCES. (Indicate the source of your reference)

Prepared by: CLARITA M. DONTOGAN, RMT,MPH,DPA

Name: NIPAHOY, STEFSNIE P. Date: 07, DECEMBER, 2022

Preliminary test Confirmatory test

Seminal stain BCIP (5-Bromo-4- translucent or

Prepared by: CLARITA M. DONTOGAN, RMT,MPH,DPA

Name: NIPAHOY, STEFANIE P. Date: 07, DECEMBER, 2022

PATTERN EVIDENCE: Tool Marks and Impression

Prepared by: CLARITA M. DONTOGAN, RMT,MPH,DPA

1. the case study, answer relevant questions:

a. Who are the main characters in this case study?

b. What are the trace evidences uncovered on the crime scene?

2. From the course content, describe examples of Pattern -Matching Evidence in a

3. What is casting? What is the importance of Casting in Crime investigation.

V. REFERENCES. (Indicate the source of your reference)

PLT COLLEGE, INC

PATTERN EVIDENCE: Firearms

Prepared by: CLARITA M. DONTOGAN, RMT,MPH,DPA

PLT COLLEGE, INC

PATTERN EVIDENCE: Documents

Prepared by: CLARITA M. DONTOGAN, RMT,MPH,DPA

V. REFERENCES. (Indicate the source of your reference)

PLT COLLEGE, INC

PATTERN EVIDENCE: Physical Evidence

V. REFERENCES. (Indicate the source of your reference)

PLT COLLEGE, INC

PATTERN EVIDENCE: Hair and Fiber

V. REFERENCES. (Indicate the source of your reference)

PLT COLLEGE, INC

CHEMICAL EVIDENCE: Arson and Explosives

V. REFERENCES. (Indicate the source of your reference)

Prepared by: CLARITA M. DONTOGAN, RMT,MPH,DPA

BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE: DNA

V. REFERENCES. (Indicate the source of your reference)

Prepared by: CLARITA M. DONTOGAN, RMT,MPH,DPA

CHEMICAL EVIDENCE: Forensic Toxicology

17. Define the following term: