11 II February 2023

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48928
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue II Feb 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

Review on Comparative Analysis of Symmetrical,

Unsymmetrical and Diagrid Multistory Building
using Staad pro.
Suraj Solanki1, Pragya Pareek2
1
M.Tech Scholar, 2Asst. Professor, Dept. of civil Engineering, SDBCT, INDORE

Abstract: This review paper involves the study of various aspects of analysis and design of multi storey residential building by
using STAAD. Pro. Structural designing requires a detailed structural analysis on which the design of the structure is based. But
it is not always possible to do in manual calculation hence the need for programming tools was found. For which several of
power tools were formed, among which the most widely used one is STAAD.
Keywords: Analysis, Design, STAAD PRO, Residential building, gravity load, shear force, bending moment and axial force.

I. INTRODUCTION
Infrastructure is the basic way to represent the level of development of a country, among which the major share is shared by the high
raise buildings which are not possible without a structural designer.
As the world is transforming the high rise buildings are in a great demand which is to be fulfilled without sacrificing any of the three
factors, cost, time and safety. Achieving this is not possible with manual calculation hence to counter this we need highly advanced
ways of computation, which can allow you to calculate and analyses the structural variables like shear force, nodal displacement,
bending moment etc.
The answer to such problems is Staad. Pro which provides a much faster approach to structural analysis and designing with chances
of minimum errors.
There has been several research conducted comparing the results from Staad. Pro to the manually calculated results, which all
support the use of Staad. Pro over manual the one. Staad. Pro is a much better way to analyses the complicated load combinations
and is quite versatile [1].

II. BASICS OF MULTI STOREY BUILDING

The structural design of a building should ensure that the building can stand safely, operate without excessive deformation or
movement that could lead to fatigue of structural elements, cracks or failure of fixtures, fittings or partitions, or failure.
Inconvenience to occupants. It must take into account the movements and forces due to temperature, creep, cracks, and imposed
loads. It must also verify that the design is nearly buildable within acceptable manufacturing tolerances of the materials. It must
allow the architecture to function and the building services to adapt to the building functionally (ventilation, lighting, etc)
[2]. This project work is to analyze a Multi storeyed building for different load combinations using STAAD Pro software. Based
on the analysis, the design of the structure is done mainly following IS specifications.

III. BASICS OF SYMMETRICAL BUILDING

In these types of buildings, reinforced concrete frames are provided in both principal directions to resist vertical loads and the
vertical loads are transmitted to vertical framing system i.e., columns and Foundations. This type of system is effective in resisting
both vertical & horizontal loads. The brick walls are to be regarded as non-load bearing filler walls only. This system is suitable for
the multi-storied building which is also effective in resisting horizontal loads due to the earthquake. In this system the floor slabs,
generally 100-150 mm thick with spans ranging from 3.0 m to 7.0 m. In certain earthquake prone areas, even single or double storey
buildings are made framed structures for safety reasons. Also the single storey buildings of large storey heights (5.0m or more) , like
electric substation etc. are made the framed structure as brick walls of large heights are slender and load carrying capacity of such
walls reduces due to slenderness [3].

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 22
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue II Feb 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

A. Asymmetric Buildings
Asymmetric buildings with centers of stiffness and strength being different from the center of floor mass, respond to earthquake
excitation in coupled modes, producing both lateral and torsional motions. Such buildings as reported by many researches [4-8] are
highly vulnerable due to the torsional response. The position of the stiffness and strength centers towards the floor mass center could
highly affect the torsional response. The torsional provisions of codes are based on the assumption that the stiffness of the RC walls
can be estimated with some degree of accuracy prior to strength allocation, and will not be affected by the subsequent strength
assignment process.

B. Diagrid Building
The diagrid structural system can be defined as a diagonal members formed as a framework made by the intersection of different
materials like metals, concrete or wooden beams which is used in the construction of buildings and roofs. Diagrid structures of the
steel members are efficient in providing solution both in term of strength and stiffness. But nowadays a widespread application of
diagrid is used in the large span and high rise buildings, particularly when they are complex geometries and curved shapes [9].

IV. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

Previous studies on the torsional behaviour of buildings focused mostly on single-storey shear configurations. Results and
conclusions from these studies can be extended to multi-storey buildings only under two conditions:
1) The stiffness of the resisting elements from one storey to another must bear a constant ratio over the height of the building.
2) The centers of mass of the floors must lie on the same vertical line, i.e. building must be regular in elevation. These conclusions
have influenced subsequent studies (Hejal and Chopra 1987), which have focused on the response of single story and multi-
storey irregular building configurations that are regular in elevation.
The seismic behavior of these structural systems is reasonably understood and many simplified analysis techniques have been
developed for use in design [10-15].

V. LITERATURE REVIEW
1) NorbertRadics, Rigidity of multi-story buildings (2000): Bolker and Crapo gave a graph theoretical model of square grid
frameworks with diagonal rods of certain squares. The problem of one-story buildings in special cases can be reduced to the
planar problems. In this work the general case of one-story buildings will be considered and the results will be generalized to
the case of multi-story buildings.
2) B.G. Birajdar , S.S. Nalawade, Seismic analysis of buildings resting on sloping ground (2004): Results from seismic analyses
performed on 24 RC buildings with three different configurations like, Step back building, Step back Set back building and Set
back building are presented. 3 –D analysis including torsional effect has been carried out by using response spectrum method.
The dynamic response properties i.e. fundamental time period, top storey displacement and, the base shear action induced in
columns have been studied with reference to the suitability of a building configuration on sloping ground. It is observed that
Step back Set back buildings are found to be more suitable on sloping ground.
3) C.V.R. Murty, Rupen Goswami, A. R. Vijayanarayanan, Vipul V. Mehta, Some concepts in earthquake behaviour of buildings
(2012): This book explains concepts in behaviour of buildings during earthquakes. The book dwells on basic concepts in
earthquake resistant design of buildings, first describes these at a conceptual level and then articulates further with numerical
examples. It is an attempt to respond to some of the frequently asked questions by Architects and Structural Engineers
regarding behaviour of Reinforced Concrete (RC) and Steel buildings under the action of lateral loads, especially during
earthquakes. Since most buildings built in India are made of RC, the dominant set of examples used is of RC buildings. But,
with no loss of generality, the broad concepts discussed in this document are valid for both RC and Steel buildings. Also, the
discussion is limited to normal buildings without any special devices, like base isolation and other energy absorbing or
dissipating devices.
4) Ankesh Sharma, Biswobhanu Bhadra, Seismic analysis and design of vertically irregular RC building frames (2013): This
paper is concerned with the effects of various vertical irregularities on the seismic response of a structure. The objective of the
project is to carry out Response spectrum analysis (RSA) and Time history Analysis (THA) of vertically irregular RC building
frames and to carry out the ductility based design using IS 13920 corresponding to Equivalent static analysis and Time history
analysis.. Three types of irregularities namely mass irregularity, stiffness irregularity and vertical geometry irregularity were
considered. According to our observation, the storey shear force was found to be maximum for the first storey and it decreases

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 23
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue II Feb 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

to minimum in the top storey in all cases. The mass irregular structures were observed to experience larger base shear than
similar regular structures.
5) George Georgoussis, Approximate Seismic Analysis of Multi-story Buildings with Mass and Stiffness Irregularities (2015): An
approximate analysis is presented for multi-story setback buildings subjected to strong ground motions. Setback buildings with
mass and stiffness discontinuities are common in modern architecture and quite often they are asymmetric in plan. Such
buildings are classified by Eurocode 8 (EC8-2004) and codes from other countries as irregular structures, which specify a full
3-dimensional dynamic analysis.
6) Juan C.Reyes, Extending modal pushover-based scaling procedure for nonlinear response history analysis of multi-story
unsymmetric-plan buildings (2015): The modal-pushover-based-scaling (MPS) procedure has been developed for appositely
selecting and scaling earthquake records for nonlinear response history analyses (RHAs) of multi-story symmetric-plan and
single-story unsymmetric-plan buildings. This procedure is extended here to unsymmetric-plan buildings with significant
torsional response under bi-directional earthquake excitations. The accuracy of the procedure is evaluated by using three-
dimensional computer models of nine unsymmetric-plan buildings with 5, 10 and 15 stories. These models were subjected to
nonlinear RHAs considering sets of seven far-field records selected and scaled according to the extended modal-pushover-
based-scaling (EMPS) procedure.
7) S.D.Uttekar, C.R.Nayak, “A Review on Seismic Response of RC Building on Sloping Ground” (2016): Seismic analysis is the
calculation of the response of a structure to earthquakes. It is part of the process of structural design, earthquake engineering or
structural assessment and retrofit in regions where earthquakes are prevalent. The aim of this paper to study the response of RC
structure on slopping ground. To evaluate the response of building by using linear analysis and non linear analysis. The analysis
will be carried out on SAP 2000 with help of guidelines following code I.S 1893:2002 (part I), FEMA 356. The seismic
response on sloping ground is quite different as compare to seismic response on plain ground.
8) Ravindra Navale, Analysis of Unsymmetrical Building Resting on Sloping Ground by Dividing In 2D Frame (2017): When a
building is rested on sloped ground, there are many possibilities of having short and long columns in same structure. During
earthquake shaking, all columns move horizontally by the same amount along with the floor slab at every different level which
may effects damage to the structure. In this study, the building is analyzed in terms of 2-D frames considering different floor
heights and number of bays using a structural analysis software tool ETABS. The analysis where carried along both x and y
direction. For the comparison of results, various graphs were drawn for bending moment bending moment developed for the
frames on plane ground and sloping ground. From these results, we have the summary of the simultaneous effects on short and
long columns when present in the structure. Also,the results had been compared for different bay systems on plane and on a
sloping ground for the increment of every story in frame. And finally, the structure would be analyzed and designed on sloping
ground in seismic zone.
9) Ebrahim Nazarimofrad, Fuzzy control of asymmetric plan buildings with active tuned mass damper considering soil-structure
interaction (2018): In recent decades, many researchers have conducted studies on structural control to improve the safety
and serviceability of high-rise buildings or towers against earthquake and strong wind. Since most buildings have a sort of
asymmetric plan they experience torsional effects when subjected to earthquake and subsequently the torsion would increase
the structural response. Also, such buildings might be constructed on soft soil where the Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI)
influence would be important.
10) RaminK. Badri, Assessing the importance of deterioration properties for the design decision-makings of low-rise asymmetric
reinforced concrete buildings (2018): Engineers may make various decisions based on the engineering judgment while they
design a building, or may choose different methods for modeling the structural components, especially the way by which the
deteriorating behavior of elements should be incorporated. Such decisions cause the engineering demand parameters (EDPs) to
depend on the deterioration properties of a building considered in a seismic performance assessment. It is important to know
how much those properties are going to be effective on or valuable for designing of low-rise asymmetric RC buildings, or how
they affect the design decision makings. For the example buildings, the seismic performance is evaluated by performing the
incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and monitoring the lateral deformation versus the load-resisting capacities of the models.
By introducing a new criterion, the influence of the deterioration properties on the seismic performance of models is then
assessed, providing the results for both torsionally-stiff and torsionally-flexible models. Although the deterioration affects the
torsionally-stiff models more rapidly than the torsionally-flexible types, its impacts depend on the value of hysteretic model
parameters. In contrary to the torsionally-flexible models, the influence of deterioration on the torsionally-stiff buildings is

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 24
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue II Feb 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

sensitive to the building asymmetry. However, the variation of deterioration rate is very significant for the torsionally-flexible
models. So, it is important to make careful design decisions for reducing the undesirable effects of the deterioration.
11) Mohammad M.Zafarani, A new supervisory adaptive strategy for the control of hysteretic multi-story irregular buildings
equipped with MR-dampers (2020): The simplified one-story asymmetric models cannot simulate the inelastic performance of
controlled irregular multi-story frame type buildings subjected to extreme dynamic loadings, especially when the effect of
higher modes on distribution of engineering demand parameters (EDPs) over the height of the structures is an important design
factor. In the present study, controlled nonlinear seismic response of coupled translational–torsional irregular multi-story smart
buildings is investigated. In order to control such nonlinear systems, a new robust adaptive model-based controller is
introduced. This new adaptive model-based strategy, due to using adjustable parameters such as instant stiffness, could well
consider the nonlinear behavior of the structure and act more precisely in controlling the torsional behavior of Magneto-
Rheological (MR) dampers-equipped multi-story torsional buildings.
12) Zheng Tan, Numerical study on collapse-resistant performance of multi-story composite frames under a column removal
scenario (2021): In practice, when building structures are subjected to local damage caused by extreme loads, all stories above
the failure column consequently deform and play a major role in the internal force redistribution and rebalancing for resisting
the external load. However, because of the high cost and laboratory space constraints, most existing experimental tests on
progressive collapse are primarily focused on single-story sub-assemblages. In a previous experimental work, to investigate the
collapse performance of a multi-story composite frame, a 1/3 scale three-story composite sub-frame with top and seat with
double web angle (TSDWA) connections was tested quasi-statically. However, whereas many factors have a significant
influence on the progressive collapse performance, the corresponding experimental data proved too limited to allow their
analysis.
13) Kai Qian, Numerical evaluation of the reliability of using single-story substructures to study progressive collapse behaviour of
multi-story RC frames (2021): Progressive collapse is a global failure for a multi-story building. All stories above the removed
column will consequently deform and help redistribute the loads initially withstood by the removed column. However, due to
cost and excessive time to be involved, the majority of existing experimental researches regarding progressive collapse rely on
single-story beam-column substructures or sub-assemblages. To date, how to use the results from single-story substructures or
sub-assemblages to fully or confidently study the behavior of multi-story building is still unclear. Thus, it is imperative to
investigate the relationship between the results of single-story substructures and the real behavior of multi-story buildings.
14) Vasiliki G.Terzi, Influence of soil structure interaction effects on the real elastic axis of asymmetric buildings (2021): Structural
eccentricity plays an important role in the seismic design of buildings. According to various seismic design codes, it is one of
the parameters which define whether a building may be considered as regular in plan. Structural eccentricity is defined as the
distance between the center of mass and the center of rigidity. However, the center of rigidity is rigorously defined in single
story buildings and in some special classes of multi-story buildings, e.g. isotropic ones, under the assumption of fixed based
conditions. The present paper deals with single story and multistory asymmetric buildings that possess a real elastic axis under
the assumption of fixed base condition and examines the existence or not of an elastic axis under soil structure
interaction effects.
15) Vasiliki G.Terzi, Optimum torsion axis in multistory buildings under earthquake excitation: A new criterion based on axis of
twist (2021): The elastic axis is essential for the definition of structural eccentricity, which significantly affects the torsional
behavior of buildings. However, it can be determined straight-forwardly in single-story and some special cases of multi-story
buildings. Therefore, for the majority of multi-story buildings, the notion of optimum torsion axis has been introduced,
according to which, the torsion of the building is considered optimum when the sum of squares of the floor torsional angles is
minimum under horizontal forces passing through this axis. The existing determination procedures refer to the application of
static horizontal forces and static torsional moments at each story. The present study proposes a new criterion, which
approaches the optimum torsion axis by the prism of axis of twist and requires the sum of floor translational displacements of
the axis to be minimal.
16) AnwarShamkhi, Hybrid active control of adjacent buildings interconnected by viscous dampers utilizing type-2 fuzzy controller
considering soil-structure interaction (2021): Viscous dampers (VDs) connecting adjacent multi-story buildings are
significantly useful not only for preventing severe earthquake-induced pounding, but also for mitigating the response of
buildings. In the current study, in addition to utilizing viscous dampers, enhanced hybrid active tuned mass
dampers (EHATMDs) are used at the top of asymmetric buildings and active tendons (ATs) are used at the sixth floor of
symmetric buildings, while all these buildings are interconnected by VDs. The interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller (IT2FLC)

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 25
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue II Feb 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

is employed to produce real-time active forces applied to the actuators of EHATMDs and ATs. Moreover, soil-structure
interaction (SSI) effects are considered. The aim is to assess the performance of all the mentioned controllers in mitigating both
the translational and torsional responses of structures rested on soft soil. To reach these goals, three different layouts of adjacent
buildings, including asymmetric and symmetric buildings, are taken into account. The results showed that the layout where
asymmetric buildings were controlled by VDs in both main directions had the highest performance.
17) Ljiljana Vasilevska, The effects of changes to the post-socialist urban planning framework on public open spaces in multi-story
housing areas: A view from Nis, Serbia (2021): This study considers how changes to the post-socialist urban planning
framework have affected the treatment of public open space in the transformation of existing mass-housing areas and newly
developed multi-story housing areas for the city of Nis, Serbia. The study focuses on quantitative and qualitative changes as
well as the physical characteristics of public open spaces, evaluating environmental comfort, safety, accessibility, privacy and
intensity of social interactions. The investigation is based on a comparative analysis of three case studies in Nis, which are
representative of different developmental, institutional and planning periods. The research indicates a regressive approach in the
planning for and treatment of public open space. It also suggests that within the limited economic capacity of local authorities,
investors and buyers, the market-oriented post-socialist urban planning framework can lead to spatial and functional
fragmentation in housing areas and the degradation or disappearance of not only the public spaces but of open spaces in
general.
18) Vasiliki G.Terzi, Elastic axis of special classes of buildings under earthquake excitation (2021): In the present paper the
existence of a stable vertical axis of twist in single story and isotropic multistory buildings is investigated. For this purpose, a
torsional base excitation is applied at the buildings base and the equation of motion is transformed in the frequency domain. By
using the diaphragm constraint equations, analytical formulae are developed which provide the location of the twist axis which
is called dynamic elastic axis. It is proved that the coordinates of the dynamic elastic axis depend on stiffness, mass, damping
and excitation frequency. Numerical examples are presented. All the results produced by using the developed equations are
compared with the coordinates of the elastic axis derived by the application of static forces. The divergence of the two methods
is discussed in detail.
19) MinjaeShin, A procedure for automating thermal zoning for building energy simulation (2021): Although many previous
studies have addressed the accuracy of building energy simulations, very few studies of this subject have mentioned the
importance of Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) thermal zoning strategies to sustainable building design. In
addition, the building energy standards and guidelines related to building energy simulation recommend that only a core and
perimeter thermal zoning strategy be used to reduce the total number of thermal zones in a model. However, although this
simplifies modeling, it can lead to too many thermal zones in the building energy model of a multi-story building, or in some
cases too few zones, which can impact the model's accuracy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a new thermal
zoning process for building energy simulation called the “grid/cluster method.” that can be applied automatically to whole-
building energy simulations of multi-zone commercial structures.
20) Malla Karthik Kumar, Vanka Srinivasa Rao, Kusuma Sundar Kumar, Study on earthquake resistant buildings on ground
surface by using ETABS (2022): The design of such structure may appear to be more complex. These buildings are designed in
such a way that its every component must resist two types of loads, i.e. vertical Load due to gravity, and lateral load due to
earthquake and wind. The components of horizontal framing system are slab and beams, which transfer vertical load to vertical
framing system and in the vertical framing system there are beams and columns, which transfer lateral load to the foundation.
Besides the Himalayan region and the Indo-Gangetic plains, even the peninsular India is prone to severe earthquakes as clearly.
21) YanFeng, Development and evaluation of a VR research tool to study wayfinding behaviour in a multi-story building (2022):
Although understanding wayfinding behaviour in complex buildings is important to ensure pedestrian safety, the state of the art
predominantly investigated pedestrian movement in simplified environments. This paper presents a Virtual Reality tool –
WayR, that is designed to investigate pedestrian wayfinding behaviour in a multi-story building under both normal and
emergency situations. WayR supports free navigation and collects pedestrian walking trajectories, head movements and gaze
points automatically. To evaluate WayR, a VR experiment consists of four wayfinding assignments were conducted.
22) Mohsen Zaker Esteghamati, Reliability-based assessment of progressive collapse in horizontally irregular multi-story concrete
buildings (2022): Structures’ resistance against progressive collapse varies depending on their design and taxonomy. However,
despite numerous studies addressing the impact of geometric configuration, limited attention is given to the effect of
irregularity. This study presents a reliability-based approach to evaluate the effect of horizontal irregularity on the progressive
collapse potential of seismically designed concrete buildings. Incremental dynamic analysis is performed on three-dimensional

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 26
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue II Feb 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

nonlinear finite element models of six prototype buildings with different levels of horizontal irregularity subjected to four
column removal scenarios.
23) RaminK. Badri, Rational decisions for seismic collapse-prevention design of low-rise asymmetric RC buildings considering
deterioration properties (2022): This research points to an essential need to develop a well-defined design method considering
the deterioration properties of structural elements. Although the seismic design provisions have changed over the past decades,
they ignore the deterioration effects and the collapse probability of frames designed to the latest specifications still exceed the
expected norms. The issue becomes more significant for asymmetric buildings where the lateral load-resisting elements behave
differently. To this end, several sensitivity analyses are performed using a new index to show the importance of deterioration
sources on the seismic performance of analysis models.

VI. CONCLUSION
Planning, analysis and design of any multi-storey residential building will be very difficult, time consuming and uneconomical if it
is done manually.So it can be concluded that software like STAAD.pro should be used in the analysis and designing of any multi
storey building to save meet the high speed of work and to avoid tedious manual calculation as well as to ensure the safety and
economy of the work. The analysis and design were done according to standard specifications using STAAD . Pro for static and
dynamic loads. The dimensions of structural members are specified and the loads such as dead load, live load and wind load are
applied. Deflection and shear tests are checked for beams, columns and slabs. The tests proved to be safe. Both theoretical and
practical work has been done. Hence, I conclude that we can gain more knowledge in practical work when compared to theoretical
work.

REFERENCES
[1] NorbertRadics, Rigidity of multi-story buildings, Discrete Applied Mathematics, Volume 115, Issues 1–3, 15 November 2001, Pages 187-198
[2] B.G. Birajdar , S.S. Nalawade, Seismic analysis of buildings resting on sloping ground, 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C.,
Canada, August 1-6, 2004, Paper No. 1472.
[3] C.V.R. Murty, Rupen Goswami, A. R. Vijayanarayanan, Vipul V. Mehta, Some concepts in earthquake behaviour of buildings, September 2012, Publisher:
Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority, Gandhinagar
[4] Ankesh Sharma, Biswobhanu Bhadra, Seismic analysis and design of vertically irregular RC building frames, doi http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5273/.
[5] George Georgoussis, Approximate Seismic Analysis of Multi-story Buildings with Mass and Stiffness Irregularities, Procedia Engineering, Volume 125, 2015,
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[7] S.D.Uttekar, C.R.Nayak, “A Review on Seismic Response of RC Building on Sloping Ground” , Innovative Research Publications.
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[10] RaminK. Badri, Assessing the importance of deterioration properties for the design decision-makings of low-rise asymmetric reinforced concrete buildings,
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[12] Zheng Tan, Numerical study on collapse-resistant performance of multi-story composite frames under a column removal scenario, Journal of Building
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[16] AnwarShamkhi, Hybrid active control of adjacent buildings interconnected by viscous dampers utilizing type-2 fuzzy controller considering soil-structure
interaction, Structures (IF 4.01 ) Pub Date: 2021-05-02 , DOI:10.1016/j.istruc.2021.03.117.
[17] Ljiljana Vasilevska, The effects of changes to the post-socialist urban planning framework on public open spaces in multi-story housing areas: A view from
Nis, Serbia, Cities, Volume 36, February 2014, Pages 83-92.
[18] Vasiliki G.Terzi, Elastic axis of special classes of buildings under earthquake excitation, Engineering Structures, Volume 237, 15 June 2021, 112203.
[19] MinjaeShin, A procedure for automating thermal zoning for building energy simulation, Journal of Building Engineering, Volume 46, 1 April 2022, 103780.
[20] Malla Karthik Kumar, Vanka Srinivasa Rao, Kusuma Sundar Kumar, Study on earthquake resistant buildings on ground surface by using ETABS, International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue II Feb 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

[21] YanFeng, Development and evaluation of a VR research tool to study wayfinding behaviour in a multi-story building, Safety Science, Volume 147, March
2022, 105573.
[22] Mohsen Zaker Esteghamati, Reliability-based assessment of progressive collapse in horizontally irregular multi-story concrete buildings,September
2022Structures 44, DOI:10.1016/j.istruc.2022.08.106, Project: Performance-based evaluation of novel methods to upgrade structural resilience under natural
hazards.
[23] RaminK. Badri, Rational decisions for seismic collapse-prevention design of low-rise asymmetric RC buildings considering deterioration properties, Journal of
Building Engineering, Volume 63, Part A.

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