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WHAT IS A SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM? ▪ It aims at theorizing concepts and not solving specific
▪ A scientific problem is something you don’t problems
understand but you can do an experiment to help ▪ It is primarily concerned with the expansion of
you understand. Scientific problems are usually knowledge and not with the applicability of the
based on observation of scientific phenomena research outcomes.
▪ Here is some advice to help you identify a scientific ▪ Basic research is explanatory in nature.
problem you can address by designing your own
experiment SAMPLES OF BASIC RESEARCH
o Find a topic 1. How do teaching methods affect student’s
▪ A topic is a relatively specific are of knowledge, concentration in cass?
or subject, you will be working in, such as 2. A research to determine the chemical composition of
smoking and lung cancer, sexual selection in organic molecules
birs, gravity, newton’s laws of motions, 3. Do stress levels make individuals more aggressive?
properties of water, etc,. if you are supposed to 4. To what extent does caffeine consumption affect
choose your own topic, do some brainstorming classroom concentration?
about things you have learned about in your 5. An investigation into the symptoms of Coronavirus
science course that was particularly interesting
for you, something you’d like to know more COMMON METHODS OF BASIC RESEARCH
about 1. Interview
o Identify a problem within the topic 2. Observation
▪ The problem is something you’d like to know 3. Experiment
more about, a question you’d like to answer. 4. Questionnaire
Questions can come from many different 5. Case studies
sources: from lectures or textbooks, from an 6. Data reporting
experiment you have done that raised other
questions, from articles you’ve read in scientific APPLIED RESEARCH
journals or even newspapers and magazines. To ▪ Applied research is a type of research design that
identify a scientific problem, then, you can find seeks to solve a specific problem or provide
sources that relate to your topic and look to see innovative solutions to issues affecting an individual,
what problems are raised in your search. Write group or society. It is often referred to as a scientific
down the problems that you find. Choose one method of inquiry or contractual research because it
that would be interesting to solve and that is involves the practical application of scientific
feasible for you to solve. methods to everyday problems.
RESEARCH CHARACTERISTICS OF APPLIED RESEARCH

Basic or Applied 1. It clearly highlights generalizations and hypotheses
BASIC RESEARCH that inform the research findings.
▪ Basic research is performed without thought of 2. It relies on empirical evidence.
practical ends. It results in general knowledge and 3. It is set at providing solutions to a defined problem.
understanding of nature and its laws 4. It requires accurate observation and description
▪ It is a game of chance
▪ Experiments are performed to further scientific SAMPLES OF APPLIED RESEARCH
knowledge without an obvious or immediate benefit. 1. A study into the way to improve a school’s readiness
▪ The goal of basic research is to understand the for its students
function of newly discovered molecules and cells, 2. A study to build students’ interests in Mathematics
strange phenomena, or little-understood processes. 3. Applied research to improve agricultural crop
production
CHARACTERISTICS OF BASIC RESEARCH 4. Applied research to treat or cure a specific disease
▪ Basic research is analytical in nature
5. Investigating treatment and management options REMINDERS IN WRITING THE BACKGROUND OF THE
for anxiety and panic attacks STUDY
6. An investigation to identify the healing properties of 1. It should clearly state the reason for conducting the
a specific herb. study
7. An investigation to identify the side effects of using 2. It should move from broad to specific
a particular drug a. Start with a world perspective
b. Condition that is directly related to the topic
STEPS IN FORMULATING A RESEARCH PROBLEM c. Factors contributing to the focus of your study
1. Identify the broad study area d. State the current condition of the topic in your
2. Dissect the broad study area study in your locale
3. Know your interest e. State the reason why you chose to study the topic
4. Identify and study the research question 3. It should state the current condition of the research
5. Set research objectives problem
EXAMPLE
STEPS EXAMPLES
Broad field Biology
Subarea Taxonomy
Interest Fascinated with bats and the research’s
province is Polillo Island
Research Lack of taxonomic data on bat species in
problem Polillo Island, Question
Problem This study aims to conduct a taxonomic
statement survey of the bat species present in
Polillo Island, Quezon
Research 1. Survey the bat species in Polillo
objectives island, Quezon
2. Describe each species collected
from Polillo Island, Quezon
3. Construct a dichotomous key of
the collected species
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN FORMULATING A

RESEARCH PROBLEM
1. Interest
2. Concept measurement
3. Expertise
4. Relevance of study
5. Data source
6. Ethical standards
PARTS OF CHAPTER I
The Problem and Its Scope
1. Background of the study
2. Statement of the Problem
3. Research Hypothesis
4. Significance of the Study
5. Scope and Limitation
6. Conceptual Framework
7. Definition of Terms

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RESEARCH CHARACTERISTICS OF APPLIED RESEARCH

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN FORMULATING A

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