PRACTICAL RESEARCH REVIEWER 2.

Objectiveness- It must deal with facts, note with mere

Lesson 1: Nature of Inquiry and Research (Week 1) opinions, arising from assumptions, generalizations, predictions
Research or conclusions.
- systematic inquiry that is designed to collect, analyze, and
interpret data to understand describe, or predict phenomenon. 3. Timeliness – It must work on a topic that is fresh, new and
- Carried out for a specific purpose to answer specific question interesting to the present society.
to solve a particular problem or issue. 4. Relevance – Its topic must be instrumental in improving
- seeks new knowledge and provides useful information in the society or in solving problems affecting the lives of people in a
form of verifiable data community
5. Clarity- It must succeed in expressing its central point or
- derived from the words: discoveries by using simple, direct and correct knowledge.
RE + SEARCH 6. Systematic – It must take place in an organized or orderly
(again) (examine closely or carefully) manner.

Importance of Research Characteristics of Good Research

1. THINK – develop critical thinking skills 1. Research is realistic as it requires you to gather data and
2. UNDERSTAND – understand situation obtain as much information about the area of the study.
3. EXPLAIN – explain series of observation
4. DISCOVER – Expand our knowledge 2. Research is analytical as the process is conducted in a
5. IMPROVE – improve certain processes scientific, systematic and structured manner using standard
methods.
Characteristics of a Research 3. Research provides possible solutions to real-world
1. Accuracy – it must give correct or accurate data, which the problems and offers potential technological advancements and
footnotes, notes, and bibliographical entries should honestly and developments.
appropriately documented or acknowledged.
4. Research offers practical, innovative, and novel solutions 4. Exploratory Research – to find out how reasonable or
and contributions to different bodies of knowledge. possible it is to conduct a research study on a certain topic.

5. Research is scholarly work as it follows the highest ethical 5. Action Research – a type of research studies an ongoing
standards. practice of a school, organization, community or institution for
the purpose of obtaining results that will bring
Types of Research improvements in the system.
I. BASED ON APPLICATION OF RESEARCH METHOD
1. Pure Research – deals with concepts, principle or abstract Qualitative vs. Quantitative
things. It aims to increase your knowledge about something. Less participants More respondents
2. Applied Research – the intention is to apply your chosen Experiences Opinions, perceptions
research to societal problems or issues. Finding ways to make Long contact time with Short contact time with
positive changes in society. participants respondents
Interview(semi-structured,
II. BASED ON PURPOSE OF RESEARCH Survey questionnaire
unstructured, FGD (focus
(structured)
1. Descriptive Research – aims at defining or giving a group discussion)
verbal portrayal or picture of a person, thing, event, group
situation or etc. More words More numbers
2. Correlational Research - shows relationships or
Assumptions Hypothesis
connectedness of two factors, circumstances or agents call
Open-ended questions Close-ended questions
variables that affect your research.
3. Explanatory Research - elaborates or explains not just Exploring, interpreting,
testing
the reason behind the relationship of two factors but also understanding
the ways by which such relationships exist.
Difference between respondents and participants: ❖ The success of a research is its ability to find answers
Respondents – they only respond to the questions in the and solution to real world problems.
survey; their answers are limited.
Participants – they participate during interview; they The following are some of the important characteristics of
can give many insights on what you need in your research research:
1. Research gathers relevant information and produces novel
Topic: Introduction To Research (Week 2) knowledge.
Research - process of executing various mental acts for 2. Research improves the quality of life.
discovering and examining facts and information to prove the 3. Research promotes understanding of history.
accuracy or truthfulness of your claims or conclusions about the 4.Research contributes to one’s personal and professional
topic of your research. development.

Inquiry - a learning process that motivates you to obtain Research Process

knowledge or information about people, things, places, or - A research study is developed by following the research
event. You do this by investigating or asking questions about process.
something you are inquisitive about. - Research is methodological and follows a specific set
procedure.
The Nature and Importance of Research - To produce good research, a research design is necessary.
The Fundamentals and Significance of Research - A Research Design is a plan reflecting the series or set of
❖ “Systematic inquiry that is design to collect, analyze, activities that must be accomplished until the completion of
and interpret data to understand, describe, or predict research study.
phenomenon.” - It guides a researcher as to how he or she should conduct and
❖ Research is the process of knowledge. complete it.
❖ It involves a scientific, methodical, and
well-structured process.
Steps in Conducting a Research ➢ Ethics in research is partly about establishing a good
1. Define your topic relationship with your subjects and interviewees,
2. Formulate your problem statement among others.
3. Conduct a review of related literature
4. Determine the theoretical framework for your study ➢ Furthermore, researchers must avoid committing
5. Develop research strategy or design various forms of research misconduct such
6. Collect your data as plagiarism, fabricationand falsification of results.
7. Validate your research design and analyze your data.
8. Write and revise your research paper 1. Plagiarism is the act of copying
9. Defending and Disseminating the results of your study. 2. Falsification is the act of maneuvering data
(having it published) 3. Fabrication is the act of inventing/making up data

Ethics in Research 5 A’s of Research

Ethics is a set of moral principles that distinguish 1. Availability
between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. 2. Affordability
As an essential activity, research has also its own set of ethics. 3. Attainability
4. Accessibility
Research ethics establishes the moral integrity (which crucial) 5. Acceptability
of the researchers as its ensures that the findings of a research
study are valid and trustworthy.

Researchers have moral obligations to fulfill in the course of

their research work.
➢ Ethics must always be observed when doing research.
PAGBASA AT PAGSUSURI REVIEWER d.Mga estilo sa pagsulat katulad ng:
MGA URI NG TEKSTO - paggamit ng mga nakalarawang representasyon
- pagbibigay din sa mahahalagang salita sa teksto
Tekstong Impormatibo - pagsulat ng mga talasanggunian
-" Maraming impormasyon at mga kaalaman, Sa mga tekstong
impormatibo iyong matutuklasan" A. Mga Uri ng Tekstong Impormatibo- Paglalahad ng Totoong
Pangyayari/Kasaysayan inilalahad ang mga totoong
DUKE (200) pangyayaring naganap sa isang panahon o pagkakataon.
-Ang dahilan kung bakit hindi gaanong nakapagbabasa ng B. Pag-uulat Pang-impormasyon- nakalahad ang mahalagang
tekstong impormatibo ang mga mag-aaral ay dahil limitado ang kaalaman o impormasyon at nangangailangan ng masusing
uring mga babasahin sa kanilang kapaligiran. pananaliksik.
C. Pagpapaliwanag - ginagamitan ng mga larawan, flowchart
MOHR (2006) na may kasamang paliwanag.
-Kung mabibigyan ng pagkakataong makapamili ng aklat ang
mga mag-aaral mas pipiliin nila ang aklat na di piksyon kaysa Tekstong Deskriptibo
piksyon. -" Kahit hindi ka pintor ay makakabuo ka ng isang larawan,
gamit ang mga salitang titimo sa damdamin at isipan."
Tekstong Impormatibo -ay isang tekstong naglalarawan. Ito ay naglalaman ng mga
-babasahing di piksyon. impormasyong naglalarawan sa katangian ng tao, bagay, lugar
-Nagbibigay ng impormasyon at magpaliwanag mang malinaw. at pangyayaring madalas nasaksihan ng tao sa kanyang paligid.
-Nadaragdagan at napagyayaman ang kaalaman ng mambabasa.
Kohesyong Gramatikal sa Pagsulat ng Tekstong Deskriptibo
Elemento ng Tekstong Impormatibo 1. Reperensiya- ito ang paggamit ng mga salitang maaaring
a.Layunin ng may-akda tumutukoy sa paksang pinag-uusapan.
b.Pangunahing Ideya Anapora- nauuna ang pangngalan at sinusundan ito ng
c. Pantulong na kaisipan panghalip.
Halimbawa: Aso ang gusto kong alagaan. Ito kasi ay maaaring 5. Kohesyong Leksikal- ito ang mabibisang salitang
maging mabuting kaibigan. ginagamit sa teksto.
a. Reiterasyon- kung ang ginagawa o sinasabi ay
Katapora- nauuna ang panghalip at sinusundan naman ito ng nauulit nang ilang beses.
pangngalan.
Halimbawa:Siya ang nagbibigay sa akin ng inspirasyong Pag-uulit o repetisyon
bumangon sa umaga at masiglang umuwi sa gabi. Si Bella, ang Halimbawa: Maraming bata ang hindi nakapapasok sa
panganay kong anak. paaralan. Ang mga batang ito ay nagtatrabaho na sa
murang gulang pa lang.
2.Substitusyon- paggamit ng ibang salitang ipapalit sa halip na
muling ulitin ang salita. Pagiisa-isa
Halimbawa: Nawala ko ang aklat mo. Ibibili nalang kita ng Halimbawa: Nagtatanim sila ng mga gulay a bakuran.
bago. Ang mga gulay na ito ay talong, sitaw, kalabasa at ampalaya.

3. Ellipsis - may binabawas na bahagi ng salita sa pangungusap. Pagbibigay kahulugan

Halimbawa: Bumili si Gina ng apat na aklat at si Rina nama'y Halimbawa: Marami sa mga batang manggagawa ay nagmula
tatlo. sa mga pamilyang dukha. Mahirap sila kaya ang pag-aaral ay
naisantabi kapalit ng ilang baryang naiaakyat nila para sa
4. Pang-ugnay- nagagamit ang pang-ugnay tulad ng at, sa hapag-kainan.
pag-uugnay ng sugnay sa sugnay, parirala sa parirala at
pangungusap sa pangungusap. b. Kolokasyon - mga salitang karaniwang nagagamit nang
Halimbawa:Ang mabuting magulang ay nagsasakripisyo para sa magkapareha o magkasalungat a may kaugnayan sa isat-isa.
mga anak at ang mga anak naman ay dapat magbalik ng Halimbawa:
pagmamahal sa kanilang mga magulang. nanay-tatay doktor- pasente puti-itim
guro- mag-aaral maliit - malaki mayaman - mahirap
Tekstong Naratibo
- " Tiyak na maraming aliw at saya para sa mga mahilig magbasa. Elemento ng Tekstong Naratibo
Mga tekstong naratibo'y di lang nakalilibang kundi may aral
pang dala 1. Tauhan
- Ang tekstong naratibo ay pagsasalaysay o. pagkukuwento ng a.pangunahing tauhan
mga pangyayari sa isang) tao o mga tauhan, nangyari sa isang b. Pangunahing Tauhan
lugar at panahon o sa isang tagpuan nang may maayos na c. Katunggaling Tauhan
pagkakasunod-sunod mula sa simula hanggang sa katapusan. d. Kasamang Tauhan
e. May-akda
Tekstong Naratibo
-Unang panauhan Dalawang uri ng tauhan ang maaaring makita sa tekstong
-Ikalawang panauhan naratibo.
-Ikatlong panauhan
-Kombinasyong pananaw Tauhang Bilog (Round Character) - isang tauhan na may
multidimensyonal o maraming saklaw ang personalidad
Mga Paraan ng Pagpapahayag ng Diyalogo, Saloobin, o
Damdamin sa Tekstong Naratibo Tauhang Lapad (Flat Character) -ito ang tauhang nagtataglay
ng isang katangiang madaling matuloy o predictable.
Direkta o Tuwirang Pagpapahayag
Halimbawa:"Donato, kakain na, anak" tawag ni Aling Guada sa Tagpuan at Panahon
anak na noo'y abalang abala sa ginagawa at hindi halos - Oras
napansing nakalapit na pala ang ina sa kanyang kinalalagyan. - Petsa
Di Direkta o Di Tuwirang Pagpapahayag - Taon
Halimbawa:Tinawag ni Aling Guada ang anak dahil kakain na
habang ito°y abalang abala sa ginagawa at hindi halos Banghay- pagkakasunod-sunod ng mga pangyayari sa tekstong
napansing nakalapit na pala ang ina sa kanyang kinalalagyan. naratibo.
Banghay o Balangkas ng Tekstong Naratibo
Introduksyon
Problema
Saglit na Kasiglahan (Rising Action)
Kasukdulan (Climax)
Kakalasan (Falling Action)
Wakas

Anachrony- Pagsasalaysay na hindi nakaayos sa tamang

pagkakasunud-sunod

Analepsis (Flashback)- pangyayaring magaganap pa lang sa

hinaharap.

Ellipsis- tinanggal o hindi isinama.

Paksa o Tema- ito ang sentral na ideya kung saan umikot ang
mga pangyayari sa tekstong naratibo
EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY REVIEWER! ABACUS
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES -The most popular device created in this period is said to have
TODAY come from China.
- the term information and communication technology (ICT) -is a manually operated device similar to the modem calculator.
collectively refers to the technologies, both hardware and -This was considered as the first device to process information.
softrware that enable humans to communicate with one
another. MECHANICAL PERIOD
-This period as the bridge between our current period and the
EVOLUTION OF ICT the premechanical period.
-the beiginning of ICT can be traced back when humans started -This period started around 1450-1840. During this time, the
to use objects to communicate with one another interest in automating and speeding up numerical calculations
- it is ascertained that ICT began along the rise of humans grew.

4 MAIN PERIODS OF ICT PASCALINE

PREMECHANICAL -The highlight of this period is the advent of the mechanical
MECHANICAL calculator called the Pascaline, which was invented by the
ELECTROMECHANICAL famous mathematician inventer Blaise Pascal along with
ELECTRONIC Wilhelm Schickard.

PREMECHANICAL PERIOD ANALYTIC ENGINE

-stone tablets(sumerian cuneiform) - is considered the first programmable mechanical computer.
-paper was produced
-LIBRARY- were considered as the first data center in history CHARLES BABBAGE
-numerical system(babylonian numerals) -mathematician who invented the analytical engine
- father of computer
 TELEPHONE
-voice transmission.
ADA LOVELACE -1876, Alexander Graham Bell
-1st computer programmer
THE ELECTRONIC PERIOD
THE ELECTROMECHANICAL PERIOD •The last period in ICT is the electronic period. It started in the
-The electromechanical period ushered in a new age in 1940s and continues to the present.
communications and information. This period started around
1840-1940. THE MAIN EVENTS FOUND IN ELECTRONIC PERIOD
• The Late Vacuum Tubes Period
TELEGRAPH • The Transistors Period
-used to transmit info over long distances.The information is • The Integrated Circuit Period
coded in sounds of dots and spaces, and dashes over wired • Computer Processor Period
(and eventually wireless) media.
-The first commercial telegraph was invented in 1837 by - the latter period of vacuum tube machines is the start of the
William Cooke and Sir Charles Wheatstone. electronic period. The dawn of the Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), the first electronic and
-1st electrical communication device general purpose computer, marked a revolutionary period in
-used during ww2 to avoid message transmission by the computing.ENIAC was a big machine that occupied an area of
enemies 167 square meters.

-In 1844, an American inventor named Samuel Morse TRANSISTOR

successfully introduced the first single-circuit telegraph, which -Invented in 947.It is an electronic device with properties and
gave rise to the Morse Code. functions similar to vacuum tubes, but it is lightweight and
faster.
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
- american engineer, JACK KILBY introduced the integrated In this period, blogging sites started to gain popularity.
circuit.
ICT TODAY LESSON 2 WEB 3.0
SEMANTIC EXECUTING WEB
WORLD WIDE WEB It is still being developed.
- one of the widely used information system today. The Web 3.0 is envisioned to be smarter access of hypertext
-World Wide Web is the system that enables you to access files and a version that would enable a wider range of search in a
hypertext documents and other files over the internet. fast manner.
-The technology was proposed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, in
which database and interface will be implemented to associate THE SOCIAL MEDIA
links in the readable documents. -ICT produced another high impact user application - the social
media. These applications started together with the Web 2.0
WEB 1.0 and are used in communicating and socializing with other
READ-ONLY WEB application users in virtual communities and networks.
It is wherein the information or hypertext file is accessed by - A handful of social media applications have been developed
the user. over the years and some have been discontinued depending on
There were no facilities to interact with it other than to read or their effect on the users.
view the content. - The social media platform contains different formats. Some of
these forms of social media are blogs, enterprise social
WEB 2.0 networks, forums, photo-sharing sites, product selling and
READ-AND-WRITE WEB review sites, research sharing sites, special interests groups,
It started with the need to interact with Web pages. Users social games, social network and video sharing.
wanted to e-mail Web sites and interact on social networking
sites. The Web 2.0 enabled users or viewers to edit the content
of the files they were accessing.
RESEARCH AND INFORMATION SEEKING resume-submission facility.
•One of the ideal applications laid down for ICT and the World
Wide Web is for research and education. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
Since Web 1.0, the main objectives of Internet sites are to This is a technology that uses electronic means to trade
share and disseminate information. products and currencies.
WEB SEARCH ENGINES •It also includes any technology that introduce ease in business
These are programs designed to search or mine the World management and customer convenience.
Wide Web based on keywords provided by the user. AUTHENTICITY VERIFICATION OF INFORMATION FROM THE
•They return search results such as Web sites, files, photos, or WEB
other media files. 1.Published Author's Name
2.Credible Web Sites
EX.DUCK DUCK GO, GOOGLE YAHOO 3. Rating, number of viewers and number of shares
4. Reference and Related Articles
RESEARCH INDEXING SITES
These are Web sites dedicated to compile and index PUBLISHED AUTHOR'S NAME
researches done by academic researchers, engineers, social Publishing the name of the one who wrote the article or
scientists, and so on. information is one sign that the information is valid, credible
GOOGLE SCHOLAR IEEE XPLORE and legitimate.

MASSIVE ONLINE OPEN COURSE CREDIBLE WEB SITES

Tutorial Sites Error-free articles are more likely published by credible Web sites.
These are Web sites dedicated to teach and inform users These are Web sites of big international or local companies
focused on different areas. involved in the field you are searching for.
EMPLOYMENT WEB SITES
These are the web sites that enable companies to post job
vacancies and accommodate job seekers by providing a
RATING, NUMBER OF VIEWS AND NUMBER OF SHARES SPAM
A credible article is more likely to receive a high rating or a This refers to the transmission of unsolicited messaging
normally high number of stars from reviewers systems such as email and chat messengers.
This is the collective rating of past viewers of the site.
PHISHING
REFERENCE AND RELATED ARTICLES This is defined as a software or a program used by an attacker
Most of the credible articles include a list of references or to obtain personal information.
articles related to the published one.
MALWARE
ONLINE ETHICS AND ETIOUETTE This is the short term for malicious software, which is a
The term "netiquette" is coined or portmanteau term of computer software sent to inflict chaos on a computer's
network and etiquette. operation and processes.
The term "netizen" refers to the person who is a member or
part of the online community

ONLINE SAFETY AND SECURITY

Each individual when accessing the World Wide Web is
concerned with the safety of his or her terminal or computer
and the information what will be transmitted or received.

POSSIBLE THREATS FROM THE WORLD WIDE WEB

SPAM
PHISHING
MALWARE