[1] Genetics is the science of heredity and variation in living organisms. A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein that carries genes and hereditary information. Gregor Mendel conducted experiments on pea plants that formed the basis of classical genetics and the laws of inheritance. His work demonstrated that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes.
[2] The document provides examples and explanations of important genetic terms like dominant and recessive genes, homozygous and heterozygous genotypes, Punnett squares, and more. It also directs the reader to additional resources for understanding genetics concepts.
[1] Genetics is the science of heredity and variation in living organisms. A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein that carries genes and hereditary information. Gregor Mendel conducted experiments on pea plants that formed the basis of classical genetics and the laws of inheritance. His work demonstrated that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes.
[2] The document provides examples and explanations of important genetic terms like dominant and recessive genes, homozygous and heterozygous genotypes, Punnett squares, and more. It also directs the reader to additional resources for understanding genetics concepts.
[1] Genetics is the science of heredity and variation in living organisms. A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein that carries genes and hereditary information. Gregor Mendel conducted experiments on pea plants that formed the basis of classical genetics and the laws of inheritance. His work demonstrated that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes.
[2] The document provides examples and explanations of important genetic terms like dominant and recessive genes, homozygous and heterozygous genotypes, Punnett squares, and more. It also directs the reader to additional resources for understanding genetics concepts.
[1] Genetics is the science of heredity and variation in living organisms. A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein that carries genes and hereditary information. Gregor Mendel conducted experiments on pea plants that formed the basis of classical genetics and the laws of inheritance. His work demonstrated that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes.
[2] The document provides examples and explanations of important genetic terms like dominant and recessive genes, homozygous and heterozygous genotypes, Punnett squares, and more. It also directs the reader to additional resources for understanding genetics concepts.
GENETICS □ is the science of heredity and variation in living organisms. • Heredity is the transmission of genes from one generation to another. • Variations are the differences in living organisms of their own kind. WHAT IS A CHROMOSOME? • Chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in cells.
• It is a threadlike linear strand of DNA and
associated proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information. eukaryotic cells - multicellular organisms (animals / plants / humans) ILLUSTRATIONS OF A CHROMOSOME
telomere
centromere CHROMATIN HOW A CHROMOSOME IS FORMED protein structure IMPORTANT TERMS IN THE STUDY OF GENETICS • Gene -is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism -is a segment of a DNA that determines a trait • Genome - sum total of all the genotypes for all the traits of an individual organism GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL Catholic • He was an Augustinian priest and scientist, and is often called the father of genetics for his study of the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants. MENDEL’S EXPERIMENT IMPORTANT TERMS IN MENDELIAN GENETICS • Allele - one member of a pair DNA sequence
or series of genes that
occupy a specific locus - point of something position or locus on a specific chromosome determining a specific trait □ Dominant Gene -This is the gene or factor that masks another gene. • Recessive Gene – This is the gene or factor that is masked by the dominant gene. • Homozygous genes – genes that are morphologically alike Ex. TT for tall ; tt for short
• Heterozygous genes –genes that are
morphologically different Ex. Tt determines tall trait, one allele for tall trait (T) and another allele for short trait (t) • Punnett Square - is a diagram that is used to predict the outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment. - is named after Reginald C. Punnett. • Genotype genetic information
- genetic makeup or composition for a
particular trait ( TT or Tt or tt)
❑ Phenotype observable physical trait
- the visible trait or characteristic of an
organism determined by a specific genotype ( tall-TT or Tt or short (tt)) TO FURTHER UNDERSTAND GENETICS • https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=Mehz7tCxjSE EXAMPLE: Brown-eyed is dominant to blue-eyed.
B b b b EXAMPLE:
1) The gene for the length of the whiskers has
two alleles. The dominant allele (W) codes long whiskers & the recessive allele (w) codes for short whiskers. a) What percentage of offspring would be expected to have short whiskers from the cross of two long-whiskered seals, one that is homozygous dominant and one that is heterozygous? b) If one parent seal is pure long-whiskered and the other is short-whiskered, what percent of offspring would have short whiskers? 2. In purple people eaters, one-horn is dominant and no horns is recessive. Draw a Punnet Square showing the cross of a purple people eater that has horns with a purple people eater that does not have horns. Summarize the genotypes & phenotypes of the possible offspring. 3. In fruit flies, gray is dominant over black. If a purebred gray fruit fly crosses with a black fruit fly, what percent of the offspring will be gray?
