ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING fora; conduct of hearings, competitions, exhibits and other public

The process of evaluating how social, political, fora;

(e) Ensuring compliance with environmental laws including the
economic, and governing factors affect the natural acquisition of regulatory permits
environment when considering development

The Planning Profession R.A. 10587 ARTICLE III EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION
SEC. 17. Subjects of Examination
RA 10587: ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING ACT (a) History, concepts, theories and principles of environmental
OF 2013 planning;
An act regulating the practice of Environmental planning, repealing (b) Environmental planning process, methods/techniques and
for the Purpose p.d. 1008, entitled “law regulating The environmental strategies; and
planning profession in The philippines”, and for other purposes. (c) Environmental plan implementation, legal aspects and
administration.
ARTICLE I- GENERAL PROVISIONS
SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy – The State recognizes the importance SEC. 18. Qualifications for Taking the Examination.
of environmental planning in nation building and development. (a) A citizen of the Philippines or a foreign citizen whose country or
Hence, State has a policy on reciprocity in the practice of the profession;
• develop and nurture competent, virtuous, productive and well- (b) A holder of any of the following degrees from schools, colleges or
rounded professional environmental planners; universities duly recognized and accredited by the CHED:
• standards of practice and service shall be excellent, world-class and 1. A graduate in environmental planning, urban/city and
globally competitive regional planning, or town and country planning or its equivalent;
• honest, effective, relevant and credible licensure examinations and 2. A Post-Graduate Diploma in Environmental Planning,
• regulatory programs, measures and activities that foster their city and regional planning or its equivalent, and with at least one (1)
professional growth, social responsibility and development. year of on-the-job training as required herein;
3. A Bachelor’s Degree in Environmental Planning, city
SEC. 3. Coverage of this Act planning or urban and regional planning, or town and country
(a) Examination, registration and licensure of environmental planning, or its equivalent, and with two (2) years of on-the-job
planners; training as required herein;
(b) Supervision, control and regulation of the practice 4. A masters or doctorate degree in either architecture,
of environmental planning; engineering, ecology, economics, geography, geology, public
(c) Development, upgrading and updating of the curriculum of the administration, business administration, sociology, social science,
environmental planning profession; law, environmental science, environmental management,
(d) Development and improvement of the professional competence development management, natural resources planning and
and practice of environmental planners through, among others, development, and related disciplines acceptable to the Board, and
continuing professional education and development. with three (3) years of on-the-job training as required herein:
Provided, That a person falling under this paragraph shall be allowed
SEC. 4. Definition of Terms to take the licensure examination only within the next five (5) years
(a) ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING, refers to the from the effectivity of this Act;
multidisciplinary art and science of analyzing, specifying, clarifying, 5. A bachelor’s degree in architecture, engineering,
harmonizing, managing and regulating the use and development of economics, public administration, law, social work and community
land and water resources, in relation to their environs, for the development or sociology and other related disciplines acceptable to
development of sustainable communities and ecosystems. the Board and with five (5) years of on-the-job training as required
(b) ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNER refers to a person who is herein: Provided, That a person falling under this paragraph shall be
registered and licensed to practice environmental planning and who allowed to take the licensure examination only within the next five
holds a valid Certificate of Registration and a valid Professional (5) years from the effectivity of this Act; and
Identification Card from the Board of Environmental Planning and 6. Incumbent holders of planning positions in the national,
the Professional Regulation Commission. regional or local government offices or agencies including
(c) ACCREDITED PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION (APO) government-owned and -controlled corporations and have been
refers to the duly integrated and accredited professional organization engaged in development planning functions acceptable to the Board:
of environmental planners, of which there shall be only one as Provided, That they are holders of professional civil service
prescribed by Republic Act No. 8981, the Comprehensive eligibility and they have undergone at least eighty (80) hours of in-
Professional Code, and in Section 32 of this Act. service training or distance learning in developmental planning from
a government agency, school or institution recognized by proper
SEC. 5. Scope of Practice authorities. Provided, further, That a person falling under this
(a) Providing professional services in the form of paragraph may be allowed to take the licensure examination only
technical consultation, rendering of technical advice, within the next five (5) years after the effectivity of this Act.
plan preparation, capacity building and monitoring (c) Of good moral character; and
and evaluation of implementation involving the (d) Not convicted of an offense involving moral turpitude
following: by a court of competent jurisdiction.
1. National, regional or local development
and/or physical framework and comprehensive land-use plans; ARTICLE V ENFORCEMENT OF THIS ACT AND PENAL
2. Zoning and related ordinances, codes and other legal PROVISIONS
issuances for the development and management, preservation, SEC. 33. Enforcement by Government Officials and Officers of
conservation, rehabilitation, regulation and control of the the Law – It shall be the duty of all government officials and duly
environment, including all land, water, air and natural resources; constituted law officers of the national, provincial, city or municipal
3. Planning and development of a barangay, municipality, government to assist the Board and the Commission in enforcing the
city, province, region or any portion or combination thereof; and provisions of this Act and to cause the prosecution of any person
4. Development of a site for a particular need or violating the same.
special purpose, such as economic or ecological zones; tourism SEC. 34. The Positions in Government with Environmental
development zones; and housing and other estate development Planning Functions. Civil Service Commission (CSC) shall
projects, including the creation of any other spatial arrangement of create positions and set qualification standards for
buildings, utilities, transport and communications; environmental planners at various levels in government
(b) Preparing the following studies: service, including government-owned and -controlled
1. Pre-feasibility, feasibility and other related corporations and other entities.
concerns;
2. Environmental assessments; and After the lapse of five (5) years from the effectivity of this Act, only
3. Institutional, administrative or legal systems; registered and licensed environmental planners shall be appointed to
(c) Curriculum and syllabi development in licensure examinations for the position of heads and assistant heads of groups, departments,
environmental planners and teaching in academic institutions and divisions in government offices, agencies, bureaus or
conducting review courses in environmental planning; instrumentalities thereof, including government-owned and
(d) Serving as expert witness, resource person, lecturer, juror or controlled corporations, provinces, cities and municipalities, and such
arbitrator in hearings, competitions, exhibitions and other public
other positions which require the knowledge, skills and competence
and qualifications of registered and licensed environmental planners.
Appointments made thereafter in violation hereof shall be considered
null and void.

SEC. 35. Civil Liability of Environmental Planners. – The INTRO AND HISTORY OF ENVI PLANNING
environmental planner in charge of the preparation of an
environmental plan and related documents, as well as other members Four major planning Methods Questions on human activities
of the planning team involved in the preparation thereof, may be held within a given community: 
civilly liable in cases of serious, large-scale or wholesale damage, 1. Who are they? Demographic Analysis
failure or destruction of any project subject of or covered by an 2. What do they do? Economic Analysis
environmental plan, that result in significant adverse impact on 3. Where do these activities occur? Land-use Analysis
affected stakeholders or the concerned ecosystem, within a period of 4. How are human activities connected spatially? Transportation
ten (10) years from the time of implementation of such plan. Analysis

Professional Regulatory Board of Environmental Planning PROFESSIONAL PLANNING

Resolution No. 03 Series of 2015 • Allocates scarce resources, particularly land & other
resources, in such a manner as to obtain the maximum
Pursuant to its powers and functions under Section 9 (g) and (m) practicable efficiency & benefit, for individuals & for
Article II of Republic Act No. 10587, otherwise known as the society as a whole, while respecting the needs of nature &
"Environmental Planning Act of 2013", the Professional Regulatory the requirements of a sustainable future. 
Board of Environmental Planning, hereinafter referred to as the • A deliberate, organized & continuous process of identifying
BOARD, hereby adopts and promulgates this "Code of Ethics for different elements & aspects of the environment,
Environmental Planners in the Philippines". determining their present state & interaction, projecting
them in concert throughout a period of time in the future &
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES formulating & programming a set of actions or
Section 1. This Code shall be known as the "Code of Ethics for interventions to attain desired results.
Environmental Planners in the Philippines". It is a set of ethical
standards that shall govern the personal and professional conduct of Legal Definition of Environmental Planning
Environmental Planners. • “Refers to activities connected with the management &
Section 2. This Code shall also serve as an instrument to promote and development of land, as well as the preservation,
protect public interest by ensuring that only competent and qualified conservation & management of the human environment” –
individuals are admitted to the practice of the environmental planning Presidential Decree No. 1308, March 2, 1978.
profession. • Objective is to liberate communities from urban blight &
Section 3. Environmental Planners shall, first and foremost, commit congestion & promote ecological balance –PD 933, series
themselves to the service of God, country, and humankind. Further, of 1976, Decree Creating the Human Settlements
their services and endeavors shall advance the art and science of Commission, later HSRC, later HLURB
environmental planning in accordance with the constitutional
mandate of protecting the rights of the people to a balanced ecology ROLES OF A PLANNER
in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. Regulator Policy Advisor- Implements government rules and
Section 4. They shall commit themselves to the highest degree of standards
professionalism, excellence, competence, and integrity in the practice Designer Visionary- Works as private consultant, creates and
of their profession. promotes own plan 
Section 5. They shall uphold and obey the Constitution, all laws, Mediator Facilitator- Reconciles conflicting interests of contending
rules and regulations, and legal orders. groups in society
Advocate Educator- Advances the civic agenda of the general public
RESPONSIBILITY TO THE PROFESSION AND TO THE
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL Rationale of Town and Country Planning
PLANNERS  It would avoid unnecessary expenditures in terms of
Section 6. Environmental Planners shall contribute to the continuing money, effort & time that may come about in a planning
development of the profession through constant improvement, process that follows a trial & error method.
updating, and retooling in current planning knowledge, theory,  It would enable the area to have a rational & sound basis
practice, and skills. To this end, Environmental Planners shall devote for reclassifying land uses that are consistent with legal,
time, effort, talent, and resources for the advancement of the environmental, sociological, political & economic
profession. consideration that ensures its smooth passage & approval
Section 7. They shall actively participate and get involved in the by national & local agencies such as the local Sanggunian,
activities and efforts of their professional organization in promoting Sanggunian Panlalawigan, HLURB, etc.
the concerns and affairs of the profession, and in enhancing the  It would serve as basis for enacting a zoning ordinance to
relevance of the profession to national and local problems relating to ensure a more balanced and orderly spatial development.
environmental planning.
Section 8. They shall constantly adhere to the highest standards of SHIFTS IN MODERN PLANNING
integrity and transparency in the conduct of their personal and BEFORE AFTER
professional affairs. As such, they shall: Product-Oriented Process-Oriented
(a) disclose their professional qualifications, affiliations, All-Inclusive Strategic
and experience accurately and desist from claiming any professional
Compartmental due to Integrated (Trans-border)
qualification unless supported by academic track record or relevant.
administrative boundaries
(b) refrain from resorting to paid advertisement nor self-
laudatory.-or misleading publicity. Media releases /announcements or “Agency-led” “Community-Based”
newspaper supplements may cover events undertaken only to “Top-Down” “Bottom-Up
commemorate their anniversaries in public practice by informing the Open Participation Focused Participation
public of their achievements or accomplishments in contributing
towards nation-building and in international understanding, goodwill LEVELS OF PLANNING
or relationships, or in enhancing the image or standards of the
profession. Scope or Coverage of Planning 
(c) serve as resource persons, speakers in public fora, Narrow: Perspective, Concept, Framework, 
seminars and assemblies or as writers/columnists in regular Moderate: Framework Structure, Developmental 
publications; and Broad: Integrated, Comprehensive, Detailed
(d) pursue a program of continuing professional
development. Time Frame/Duration of Plan 
Short Term 1-3 years ex. Expenditure plan 
Medium Term 5-7 years ex. Development plan
Long Range 10-30 years ex. CLUP, 20-50 years ex.
Masterplan 
ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, PHYSICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL,
INSTITUTIONAL
LIST OF LGU PLAN DOCUMENTS REQUIRED BY
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES (SOURCE: DILG)

NGA-MANDATED PLANS 

OTHER SECTORAL PLANS MENTIONED  The Planning Process

• Engage Partners and Build Consensus 

• Assess Needs, Assets, and Capacities 
• Formulate Goals and Strategies 
• Evaluate Scenarios and Test Alternative Options
• Relate to wider public goals and collective values to win
broad support for chosen strategy.
• Implement selected strategy (programming and execution)
• Monitor, Evaluate and Review Plan (self-correction).

Urban Planning
is the process of developing and designing urban areas to
meet the needs of a community. The practice draws from a number of
disciplines—architecture, engineering, economics, sociology, public
health, finance, and more—and strives to prepare cities and towns for
Major Schools of Thought in Planning the future. It is typically used as part of a larger city plan and should
1. Planning as Social Physics – (positivist Regional Science tie back to your city’s mission and vision statements.
and Regional Economics) Planning aims to discover
presumed natural laws or regular occurrences in social Philippine Definition of “Urban
phenomena so that these phenomena can be better predicted National Statistics Office -- operational rather than conceptual
and managed. definition According to these concepts, an area is considered urban if:
2. Planning and Social Darwinism – Planning studies human 1. In their entirety all cities and municipalities having a
societies as biological organisms subject to the laws of population density of at least 1,000 persons per square
natural evolution such as competition, adaptation, kilometer; 
predation, parasitism, co-evolution, survival of the fittest, 2.    Poblaciones or central districts of municipalities and cities
matira ang matibay, etc. which have a population density of at least 500 persons per square
3. Planning as Social Engineering – Planning is a State kilometer;
function that aims to create purposive change by directing • 3.) Poblaciones or central districts (not included above),
human behavior through a combination of persuasive and regardless of the population size which have the following:
coercive strategies.  •  Street pattern, i.e., network of streets in either parallel or
4. Instrumentalist View – Planning needs no theoretical right-angle orientation; 
mooring and has no inherent value apart from its being a • At least six (6) establishments (commercial, manufacturing,
pragmatic tool to bring about results.  recreational and/or          personal services) and least three
5. Planning as Communicative Action– Planning aims to of the following:
understand & describe social interaction among sectors for • i. A town hall, church or chapel with religious services at
meaningful community discourse, harmonization of least once a month; 
interests, and collaborative action (interpretive).  • ii. A public plaza, park or cemetery; 
6. Critical or Radical Planning – Planning aims to smash •  iii. A marketplace or building where trading activities are
myths and mobilize people to radically (radix, i.e. roots) carried on at least once a week; 
change structures of domination & subjugation in society.  • iv. A public building like school, hospital, puericulture or
7. Systems Theory of Planning – Planning functions like a health center and library. 
machine or computer unit that utilizes information and
feedback in an iterative, cyclical, self-feeding fashion in HOW DID URBAN PLANNING START?
order to effectively describe, simulate, forecast, and project
societal conditions. 1. Urbanization began around 4000 B.C. in the area as the Fertile
Crescent. Which stretch from the Nile Valley to the alluvial plains of
the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. 
2. Urban planning began with the development of city-kingdoms
by the       Sumerians of Assyria. These warrior-kings built cities that
were both fortress and marketplaces for the agricultural products of
the surrounding lands. 
3. Sumerian cities of the Bronze Age, it reached its legendary
greatness when Nebuchanezzar II had it rebuilt during the sixth
century B.C. the new city followed a regular street plan. The temple
and tower remains at the center. 
 • Father of American City Planning
• Designed the World’s Columbian Exposition, together with
HIPPODAMUS OF MILETUS Frederick Law Olmsted and John Wellborn Root. The plan
for the expo was the first comprehensive planning
document in the US.
• His plans include Chicago (the greatest feat; was described
as “Paris on a Prairie”), San Francisco, Cleveland, and
locally, Manila & Baguio.
• Burnham’s plans for Chicago (left), Manila (centre), and
Baguio (right). 

SIR EBENEZER HOWARD (1850-1928)

 Wrote the book Garden Cities of Tomorrow. The book
was first printed as “Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to
Reform” in 1898, and was reprinted as Garden Cities of
Tomorrow in 1902. Howard addressed the population and
pollution that came about during the industrial revolution
by creating garden cities. 
 The garden city was continued by Howard’s followers,
among them Sir Raymond Unwin, who was the architect-
planner for Letchworth, Sir Frederic James Osborn, who
championed garden cities, and Louis de Soissons, who was
4. By 400 B.C., Athens had grown to be a city of 40,000 citizen plus the architect for Welwyn. 
100,000 slaves/foreigners. Hippodomus maintained that only the  Unwin also wrote the book Nothing Gained by
capital city should be this large and theorized that cities should Overcrowding. 
ideally have no more than 10,000 residents, because of hygiene and
capability to provide food water. It is the first known example of CHARLES EDOUARD JEANNERET, KNOWN AS LE
physical limitations of growth in urban planning. CORBUSIER (1887- 1965)
5. The Romans replaced Athens as the center of the Western World • Created the Radiant City, where he designed very heavily
during the period 27 B.C. to 324 A.D. as the Roman Empire grew in with cubist aesthetics. With the objective to decongest an
power and wealth, the population of Rome greatly increased.   entire city, he sought to house 3 million people in 60-storey
6. The Romans understood the importance of transportation and buildings, box-type houses, & orderly & rational city
emerged as the first regional planners in this sense. They planned and blocks. It became a planning paradox: congestion was
built roads throughout the sprawling empire which ranged from being solved by more congestion.
Britain to Babylon and Spain to Egypt in order to interconnect their • Le Corbusier also wrote the books Urbanisme and The
cities. City of Tomorrow and Its Planning 

PATTERN OF CITY/ URBANPLANNING  FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT (1867-1959)

The importance of the Ancient World EGYPT, GREECE, • Champion and proponent of urban decentralisation,
ROME is that it established a long-lasting pattern of planning for involved communities in his plans.
cities. Cities are built upon four bases: • Designed the Broadacre City, a 1,000-hectare city
 PHYSICAL base of the city is that visible manifestation of complete with socio-economic amenities. This planned city
building, roads, parks and other features that it forms.  included social services in the forms of schools, trains, &
 ECONOMIC base of the city provides a reason for museums, as well as employment in the forms of markets,
existence.  offices, nearby farms, & industrial areas. One big criticism
 POLITICAL base of the city is essential for its order.  on this plan was that Wright included a helicopter in it.
 SOCIAL base is essential for city meaning. 
HENRY WRIGHT (1878-1936) AND CLARENCE STEIN (1882-
PLATO (428-347 BC)  1975) 
• These two go together because of their plan of Radburn, a
Established one of the oldest environmental law: The Polluter garden city in New Jersey. Radburn was designed to
Pays Principle.  separate vehicles from pedestrians. It also used the concept
of a superblock and exhibited cul-de-sacs (meaning dead
It states: “If any one internationally pollutes the water of another, ends).
whether the water of a spring, or collected in reservoirs, either by
poisonous substances, or by digging, or by theft, let the injured party CLARENCE PERRY (1872-1944) 
bring the cause before the wardens of the city, and claim in writing  Perry made the concept of the neighbourhood unit. Similar
the value of the loss.  to the superblock, it is bounded by major streets and caters
• If the accused be found guilty of injuring the water by to its community with a church, a school and shops. This
deleterious substances, let him not only pay damages, but concept highly values open spaces. This unit is very small,
purify the stream or the cistern which contains the water, in at only 200 sqm. up to 2 sqkm..
such manner as the laws… order the purification to be
made by the offender in each case.” SIR PATRICK GEDDES (1954-1932) 
• Introduced the notion of region and became the Father of
ARISTOTLE (384-322 BC) Regional Planning. This came up from his being a
Distinction of corrective & distributive justice foundation for the biologist, sociologist, and geographer all at the same time;
concept of intergenerational equity : he dissected the planning environment by analysing the
• “Human well-being is realized only partly by satisfying occupational activities, used observation, and combatted
whatever people’s preferences happen to be at a particular the gridiron tradition with “conservative surgery” in
time; it is also necessary for successive generations to leave planning. He came up with the Valley Section
behind sufficient resources so that future generations are • conurbation, “an aggregation of continuous network of
not constrained in their preferences.”  urban communities.” Or “A large area consisting of cities
that have grown so that there is very little room between
GEORGES-EUGÈNE HAUSSMANN (1809-1891) them.” 
• Renovation of Paris. The Arc de Triomphe became the • Geddes emphasized the relationships of people and cities,
center of twelve avenues, radiating outward, connecting to thus the city-region term. 
the city. Baron Haussman assured green spaces by lining • He also used the rational planning method of Survey
the avenues with trees & by using pocket parks all around Analysis 
the city. To date, this planning design is still used for the • Wrote the book Cities in Evolution 
development of other cities, making Paris the best planned
city LEWIS MUMFORD (1895-1990) 
.   A historian-sociologist who studied cities & architecture 
DANIEL HUDSON BURNHAM (1846-1912)
  The City in History, pointed out how technology & nature be built. This was an irony in doing supposedly public
could be harmonious. Concept of an organic city & works.
rationalised how planning has various disciplines.  Urban renewal under Moses was done through
gentrification: renewal & rebuilding for investments &
THE CITY FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT  “improvements” displaced the poorer residents. This was a
problem of social exclusion.
EDWARD BASSETT (1863-1948)   Social exclusion drove away the poor, black
 Urban planner and lawyer. Father of American Zoning. neighbourhoods, and the “smaller” people of the
First to use zoning as a means of implementing land use in community.
New York. He wrote books about zoning.
 Also coined the term freeway and parkway  PAUL DAVIDOFF (1930-1984)
 Father of Advocacy Planning. He paved the way to stand
DON ARTURO SORIA Y MATA (1844-1920) against the destructive effects of urban renewal
 Made the concept of the Linear City, which has many  Wrote the famous article Advocacy and Pluralism in
parallel and specialized functions. Planning
 The linear city gears away from the usual centric urban
forms. The lines help control the expansion of a city.  SHERRY ARNSTEIN (D. 1997)
 Social and health worker 
TONY GARNIER (1869-1948)  Published an article on the ladder of citizen participation,
 Followed Soria y Mata’s linear city and created the concept which gave not only a voice but power to the citizens. This
of a linear, industrial city. He envisioned the plan to cater to addressed how citizens were being victimised, and led the
35,000 residents, and followed the principles of function, way to participatory planning.
greeneries, open space, and exposure to the sunlight.
NEW URBANISM
CITY EFFICIENT MOVEMENT
JANE JACOBS (1916-2006) 
CONSTANTINOS APOSTOLOS DOXIADIS (1914- 1975)   “Cities have the capability of providing something for
 Jumping some millennia after ancient Greece, another everybody, only because, and only when, they are created
Greek planner-architect, best known as Konstantinos, by everybody.” — Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of
studied the science of human settlements, known to us Great American Cities
today as ekistics. This branch of science is vast and looks  An urban activist who was strong and vocal against urban
into the culture, economies, and society in varying scales. renewal; she fought for new urbanism 
 Wrote the powerful book The Death and Life of Great
FRANCIS STUART CHAPIN (1888-1974)  American Cities, which was an open attack on urban
 As a sociologist and educator, he stressed the importance of renewal
quantifying social activities in an evolving city through
statistics. IAN MCHARG (1920-2001)
• “architect who valued a site’s natural features”
IRA LOWRY • Transformed efforts of traditional planning into
• A Model of Metropolis, computer model for spatial environmental planning by using the technique of sieve
organization of anthropogenic activities in a metropolitan mapping or overlay, which took into account the varied
area. The model generates an assessment that can be the features of the environment.
basis for urban policy decisions.
• Lowry worked with Robert Garin on a model. This model
came up after a series of research on land use and
transportation. Population densities, transport zones, and
land use forecast techniques were already being done

URBAN RENEWAL

WILLIAM LEVITT (1907-1994)

 Father of American Suburbia / The King of Suburbia / The
Inventor of the Suburb
 Mass produced houses that were affordable
 Suburbanization was also when people put the car on the
pedestal. This created gated subdivisions that catered to
people with cars. As a result, urban sprawl became a
disease.

ROBERT MOSES (1888-1981)

 Master Builder of New York. Plans that had parkways,
expressways, & housing development all over the city 
 Proposed Lower Manhattan Expressway. 
 Catch with Moses’ grand masterplans: require the
destruction of existing communities & neighbourhoods to