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Elements AND Principles of Art
Elements AND Principles of Art
AND
PRINCIPLES
OF ART
Submitted to: Sir Ahsan Bilal
Submitted by: Areej Shakeel
BFA-Graphic Design-Morning
Semester-I 2023
The Elements:
Elements of Art are the “building blocks” of an artwork just as cells are the building blocks of
life. They are the components of a drawing that combine together to form visually appealing
pieces of artwork. An artist makes use of these visual tools to create various compositions. There
are seven basic elements of art:
Straight Lines Curved Lines Thick and Thin Lines Implied Lines
Geometrical shapes:
Abstract shapes: Shapes that are depictions of real things without being exact
representations.
3.Form: Form is a three-dimensional object that is composed of length, width and height.
These can be seen from more than one side, unlike shapes that are two-dimensional. A form can
be Geometric or Organic. It is the basis of sculpture, furniture and decorative art.
In this picture, the cat occupies the positive picture demonstrates the illusion of a three-
space while the area surrounding the cat is the dimensional space in a two-dimensional artwork.
negative space.
5.Texture: Texture can be defined as the surface quality of an object that we can sense
through touch. All objects have a physical texture. Artists can also convey texture visually in
two-dimensional drawings.
In this drawing, the fur of dog is drawn realistically This image shows three vases. We can perceive
to show the soft, fluffy texture of his hair. through the picture that the texture of the vases is
smooth and metallic as it is reflecting light.
6.Value: Value refers to the light or dark quality of color. Adding value can simultaneously
add emphasis to the artwork by creating different moods and emotional effects.
These images demonstrate how adding value (increasing the black hue) can create a more definite, meaningful and
sharp artwork.
7.Color: Color is the element of art that refers to reflected light. Color has three main
characteristics; hue (red, green, blue, etc.), value (how light or dark it is), and intensity (how
bright or dull it is). Scientists and Artists have together worked out a color theory about how
colors work together. Hence, using this theory, colors can be described as warm (red, yellow) or
cool (blue, gray). For example;
Bright colors are undiluted and are often associated with positive energy and
heightened emotions. Dull colors have been diluted by mixing with other colors and
create a sedate or serious mood.
Dark colors in a composition suggest a lack of light, as in a night or interior scene.
Dark colors can often convey a sense of mystery or foreboding. Light colors often
describe a light source or light reflected within the composition.
Principles of Art:
Principles of Art represent how an artist uses the elements of art to create an effect and to help
convey its intent. The use of these principles can help in determining whether a painting is
successful or finished. While an artist might not use all the principles of design in one piece, the
principles are intertwined and the use of one relies on the other. The seven principles of art are:
1.Balance: The balance in a piece of art refers to the distribution of weight or the apparent
weight of the piece. It adds a feeling of equilibrium or stability to a work of art. Major types of
balance are:
Symmetry: both sides of a composition
have the same elements in the same
position, as in a mirror-image, or the two
sides of a face.
4.Rhythm/ Movement:
Movement is the result of using the elements Rhythm is created by movement implied
of art such that they move the viewer's eye through the repetition of elements of art in a
around and within the image. It can be created non-uniform but organized way.
by diagonal or curvy lines, either real or
implied, by edges, by the illusion of space, by
repetition and by energetic mark-making.
6.Proportion/Scale: Proportion is the relationship between items in a painting.
7.Pattern:
Pattern is the uniform repetition of any of the elements of art or any combination.
All works of art have some sort of pattern even though it may be hard to discern;
the pattern will form by the colors, the illustrations, the shape, or numerous other
art methods.