Implementing Design Thinking

Whirlwind Visit to Design Thinking

Design Thinking is a human-centered approach to solving problems and developing products. It is a

mindset that organizations have to develop to become more innovative and build a strong
relationship with their users/customers.

If you want to learn more about Design thinking and the different processes involved in it, you should
visit this course Understanding Design Thinking.

Implementing Design Thinking

 Now that you know the Design Thinking process, the next big step is to learn
how to implement it in your team, organization, or community to solve
complex human-centered problems.
 What are the techniques and tools required to develop the solution, how to
build a team, identify the different aspects of the problem in hand and how to
develop a feasible solution?

Design Thinking in a Business

Benefits of Design Thinking

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 Good Design Thinking
 Organizations, Design Agencies, and Executives usually think that the end
product/deliverable of a design thinking process is a concept on a whiteboard
or a set of sketches for UX development.
 These concepts are then handed over to developers who have no idea about
the concept and how the things should work. It becomes tough for the
developing team to develop the expected solution without adequate
knowledge. This leads to an unfinished and worthless solution and loss of
precious time.
 A good design thinking process must involve both the Designers and
developers and should be an agile process rather than a waterfall model
where the designers' handover the sketches to the Development team.

The Team

 Representatives from every discipline must be included in the Design

Thinking Process like Product Owners, people from Management Team, from
Marketing team, from the research team, developers, Testers, QA team
members, Operations Team Members, and Subject Matter Experts.
 This list of people can vary depending on the structure of your organization
and the length of the design thinking process.

Involvement within Team

 The Team members should meet once a week or at the beginning of the session.
This helps in understanding the problems, knowing how to build a solution.
 The focus should be given on weekly sessions rather than daily status meetups
because the members of the team may have other commitments and may not find
daily meetings useful.
 The goal of the team meetings should be to devise methods and solutions to solve
problems and develop products rather than to know the progress.

The Place and Tools

 The team members should preferably meet at a place other than the
workplace because the workplace may be a distraction.
 Places like conference halls and training rooms are good because they have
large spaces where large whiteboards and sheets of papers can be placed. At
the end of the day there is no need to remove them.
 The basic supplies for the ideas to be represented to other team members are
whiteboards, sketches, and markers.

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 Finding the Right Problem
 It's possible that the team has some idea about the solution they want to
develop. This idea can be due to the experiences of the team. The team has
some customer feedback and assume the solution based on the previous
projects and experiences.
 The team should put aside these assumptions aside while trying to find the
real problem and understand the customers to find the right problem.

Understanding Customers
Dealing with Pain Points
One of the most important things is identifying the pain points for the
customers and addressing them.
 The design team may be familiar with the problem statement. However, to
understand the real pain points of the user, the team should put aside their
views, and interact with real users instead of depending on feedbacks.
 Based on the insights collected by users, the team should build a customer
journey map to identify the pain points.
 The next step is grouping the pain points and prioritizing them. This helps in
focusing on the crucial pain points that need to be addressed.
 The final and most important step is converting the pain points into goals that
solve the problem.

What is Prototype?

The basic definition of a prototype is, "A sample version of the product developed for testing
whether it meets the users' expectations. The goal is to test the product and knowing the flaws
before investing in the final product."

Prototyping

Prototyping is the process of creating prototypes from the ideas and concepts generated.

Prototyping Methodology

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 There are different methods of developing prototyping. These methods are broadly
divided into low fidelity and high fidelity method.

 Low fidelity: The prototypes developed using this method usually do not have user
interaction.
 High fidelity: This is a more refined approach to prototyping. The prototypes
developed using this method have proper user interaction.

Low Fidelity Prototyping

Low fidelity prototypes include simple sketches and paper prototypes that help in
experiencing the concepts.
Advantages of Low-Fi Prototyping

 They are fast.

 Cheap
 Easy to make.

High Fidelity Prototyping

High fidelity prototypes are more user interactive, made using graphical tools, and
used for testing.

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 Advantages

 Technicalities involved for product development are specified.

 User interactive
 Low Cost
 Can be used for testing

Disadvantages

 Requires technical skills

 Time-consuming

Prototyping Tools
For low fidelity prototypes, tools like whiteboards, markers, and sticky notes are
used. However, for designing high fidelity prototypes, there are many tools used
which simulate User Experience (UX). The most famous UX designing tools are

 Adobe XD
 InVision
 Axure
 Webflow

Categories of Prototyping
The four categories of prototyping are:

 Generating new ideas

 Conveying complex interactions
 Documenting the design
 Learning how users interact with ideas.

Documenting with Prototyping

 Sometimes good ideas fail to make it to a viable solution because of poor
understanding, and the reason is weak documentation. Traditional
documentation techniques are not sufficient enough for the stakeholders to
understand the bigger picture.
 Documentations fail to effectively communicate the intent, emotions, and
details of the idea. Prototypes help the stakeholders, as well as the
consumers, understand the functional flow of the solution.
 Prototypes should be extensively used in the documentation process. This
helps in reducing the written documentation. However, written documentation
should not be eliminated, they help to provide the content and assist them in
reading. They also help to keep track of the progress of the solution.

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 The Value of Prototyping
Prototyping is an important part of the Design Thinking process and creating feasible
solutions. However, there are two mistakes that teams usually make while
prototyping.

 They do not have the clear idea of the solution and start building the
prototypes.
 Getting trapped in the details while making prototypes.

So to determine the right time for prototyping, the team should try to answer a few
questions.

 Is the idea complete?

 Is the team getting occupied by details instead of answering the tough
questions?

Both questions help in building better prototypes.

What to Prototype?
 Sometimes, the prototypes that you build may fail to solve the problem. This
happens when you deviate from the idea, or you select the wrong question to
prototype. It is imperative to know what ideas you should prototype.
 To select the right idea to prototype, you should identify the pain points of the
consumer and carefully develop a plan about what you are making before you
start.
 To get the proper ideas for prototyping, you should spend adequate time in
different design thinking processes like defining and ideation. This helps in
refining the ideas before developing the prototype. Performing design thinking
activity also leads to better team collaboration.

Now that you have understood what is design thinking, how to implement it in your
organization, what type of skills you need to form a design thinking team, and how to
develop prototypes. It is time to know what is User Experience and how to create a
great User Experience.

User Experience is not just designing beautiful websites and applications. It is

applied in every industry that connects with its user and wants to give them a
better experience of their services and products.

Interaction Design
Interaction Design is a part of User Experience (UX) design. Interaction design
is sometimes abbreviated as IxD.

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  Interactiondesign.org defines Interaction design as the interaction
between people and products. It is about the experience of using a product.
Interaction Designers create a meaningful relationship between people and
the products and services they use.
 The term interaction design was first coined by Bill Moggridge and Bill
Verplank for software design in the mid-1980s.
 It is a collaboration of many design principles like interface design, industrial
design, and software design. Interaction designers collaborate closely with
other designers, researchers, analysts, strategists, product managers,
developers, testers and more to develop a meaning interaction.

The Presence of UX
Whenever you think about User Experience and UX design, the two things that come
to mind are Websites and Mobile Applications. However, User Experience has a
much broader reach than just websites and mobile applications. User Experience
applies to any product and service that has an interaction with people.
 If people are interacting with the product, then an interaction designer should
be involved. Interaction design is also more than just drawing the interface,
and deciding the best ways to display information. It's about designing for the
entire interconnected system.
 Interaction Designers work closely with engineers and developers, to
understand the technical constraints and opportunities. They work closely with
product managers, and business leaders, to identify opportunities and
solutions, and work closely with other designers, to coordinate the different
efforts into cohesive product design.

The Presence of UX
 An essential part of the work as an interaction designer is to identify what a project
needs.
o What do the team already know?
o What do they need to learn?
o What do they need to explore?
o What do they need to ask, observe, or measure?
o Choose the methods and documents that are most appropriate for the project,
and which are best for capturing and conveying the problems, insights, and
solutions.

Interaction Design Model

 There are many reasons people interact with different products and services.
As you move deeper into the interaction design model, there's a shift from the

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 environment, circumstances, goals, and outcomes, to how individuals
perceive, understand, feel, and act in a situation.
 Knowing their context and goals helps businesses better understand how they
will interact with products. This helps them design better products and provide
better services that meet the user needs.

Interaction Design Model

 To understand the needs of the people you need to understand their
psychology like what are they doing? How are they using a product? Crafting
a product that is easy and effective is an essential goal of interaction design.
 Interaction design is ultimately about how people behave or interact with a
product to achieve their desired outcomes and goals. Every interaction with a
product involves a cycle with multiple steps. You may spend more or less time
and effort on each step, based on our context, goals, and experience, but
these steps can always be used to describe how people approach and
interact with a product.

To understand the real pain points, the team must ______.

Interact with real users

A sample version of the product for testing purpose is called a _______.

Prototype

Design Thinking is an/a ______ process.

Agile

Paper prototyping is a type of ______ prototyping technique.

Low-Fidelity

How often does a team generally meet to discuss the solutions and
progress?
Weekly

Representatives from every discipline should be included in a Design

Thinking Team.
True

Design Thinking is a human-centered approach of problem-solving.

True

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 Adobe XD is a popular tool for designing
User Experience (UX)

The end product of a Design Thinking process is a concept on a

whiteboard.
False

Prototyping is a big, slow, and costly process.

False

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