This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: C94/C94M − 16b

Standard Specification for

Ready-Mixed Concrete1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C94/C94M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as de- 2.1 ASTM Standards:3
fined in 3.2.2 (Note 1). Requirements for quality of ready- C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
mixed concrete shall be either as stated in this specification or Specimens in the Field
as ordered by the purchaser. When the purchaser’s C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
requirements, as stated in the order, differ from those in this C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
specification, the purchaser’s requirements shall govern. This drical Concrete Specimens
specification does not cover the placement, consolidation, C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
curing, or protection of the concrete after delivery to the gregates
purchaser. C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,
NOTE 1—Concrete produced by volumetric batching and continuous
and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
mixing is covered in Specification C685. Fiber-reinforced concrete is C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
covered in Specification C1116. Concrete
1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets, C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; crete
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
Combining values from the two systems may result in non- Concrete by the Volumetric Method
conformance with the standard. C231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
Concrete by the Pressure Method
1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturer C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
produces ready-mixed concrete. The purchaser buys ready- for Concrete
mixed concrete. C330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes Structural Concrete
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered Concrete
as requirements of the standard. C567/C567M Test Method for Determining Density of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety Structural Lightweight Concrete
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementi- C637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding
tious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to Concrete
skin and tissue upon prolonged use.2) C685 Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batch-
ing and Continuous Mixing
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Mortars
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2016. Published January 2017. Originally
3
approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C94/C94M–16a. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/C0094_C0094M-16B. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 C94/C94M − 16b
C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for added at the jobsite or in transit to adjust slump or slump flow
Use in Producing Flowing Concrete of the concrete batch.
C1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly
Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete 4. Basis of Purchase
C1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete 4.1 The basis of purchase shall be a cubic yard or cubic
Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for metre of fresh concrete as discharged from the transportation
Testing Agency Evaluation unit.
C1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and
Shotcrete 4.2 The volume of fresh concrete in a given batch shall be
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic determined from the total mass of the batch divided by the
Cement density of the concrete. The total mass of the batch shall be
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious determined as the net mass of the concrete in the batch as
Mixtures delivered, including the total mixing water as defined in 9.3.
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the The density shall be determined in accordance with Test
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete Method C138/C138M. The yield shall be determined as the
C1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self- average of at least three measurements, one from each of three
Consolidating Concrete different transportation units sampled in accordance with
Practice C172/C172M.
2.2 ACI Documents:4
ACI 211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for NOTE 2—It should be understood that the volume of hardened concrete
Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete may be, or appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spillage,
over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlement
ACI 211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for of wet mixtures, none of which are the responsibility of the producer.
Structural Lightweight Concrete
ACI 301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete 5. Materials
ACI 305R Guide to Hot Weather Concreting
ACI 306R Guide to Cold Weather Concreting 5.1 In the absence of designated applicable material
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con- specifications, the following material specifications shall be
crete and Commentary used:
2.3 Other Documents:5 5.2 Cementitious Materials:
NIST 105-1 National Institute of Standards and Technology 5.2.1 Hydraulic Cement—Hydraulic cement shall conform
Handbook to Specification C150/C150M, Specification C595/C595M, or
Specification C1157/C1157M.
3. Terminology 5.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious Materials—Coal fly ash
or natural pozzolans shall conform to Specification C618. Slag
3.1 Definitions—The terms used in this specification are
cement shall conform to Specification C989/C989M. Silica
defined in Terminology C125.
fume shall conform to Specification C1240.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.3 Aggregates—Normal weight aggregates shall conform
3.2.1 concrete, central-mixed, n—ready-mixed concrete
to Specification C33/C33M. Lightweight aggregates shall con-
mixed completely in a stationary mixer.
form to Specification C330/C330M and heavyweight aggre-
3.2.2 concrete, ready-mixed, n—concrete manufactured and gates shall conform to Specification C637.
delivered to a purchaser in a fresh state.
5.4 Water—Water shall conform to Specification C1602/
3.2.3 concrete, shrink-mixed, n—ready-mixed concrete par- C1602M.
tially mixed in a stationary mixer with mixing completed in a
truck mixer. 5.5 Air-Entraining Admixtures—Air-entraining admixtures
shall conform to Specification C260/C260M (Note 3).
3.2.4 concrete, truck-mixed, n—ready-mixed concrete com-
pletely mixed in a truck mixer. 5.6 Chemical Admixtures—Chemical admixtures shall con-
form to Specification C494/C494M or C1017/C1017M as
3.2.5 water, target batch, n—quantity of water to be added
applicable (Note 3).
to the batch through the water measuring system after com- NOTE 3—In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entraining,
pensating for the quantity of ice, if used, surface moisture on accelerating, and retarding admixtures may vary. Therefore, a range of
the aggregates and water in the admixtures, when applicable, dosages should be allowed, which will permit obtaining the desired effect.
and by subtracting a quantity of water that is anticipated to be NOTE 4—Interchanging kinds, characteristics, types, classes, or grades
of the materials permitted in ready-mixed concrete may produce concrete
of different properties.
4
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
6. Ordering Information
Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.concrete.org.
5
NIST Handbook 105-1 (revised 1990), “Specifications and Tolerances for 6.1 In the absence of designated applicable general
Reference Standards and Field Standard Weights and Measures-1. Specifications
specifications, the purchaser’s order shall include the follow-
and Tolerances for Field Standard Weights (NIST Class F),” National Institute of
Standards and Technology., U.S. Dept. of Commerce, http://www.nist.gov/pml/ ing:
wmd/upload/105-1.pdf. 6.1.1 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregate,

2
 C94/C94M − 16b
6.1.2 Slump, or slumps, desired at the point of delivery (see applications where higher density is required by design. For acceptance of
Section 7 for acceptable tolerances), density at the time of delivery, a relationship between the fresh density and
the density of hardened concrete required by design should be established.
6.1.3 Slump flow, or flows, desired at the point of delivery
(see Section 7 for acceptable tolerances), 6.1.8 If desired, any of the optional requirements of Table 2
6.1.4 Total air content at the point of delivery for concrete in Specification C1602/C1602M.
that will be exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing or 6.1.9 Purchaser shall state any drum revolution limit as to
anticipated exposure of the concrete (see Section 8 for sam- when the concrete discharge must begin. If no drum revolution
pling for air content tests and tolerances). limit is stated by purchaser, the manufacturer shall determine
and communicate the limit to the purchaser prior to delivery.
NOTE 5—Table 1 provides total air contents for concrete that vary by
exposure condition and aggregate size. Total air contents less than those 6.2 If a project specification applies, the order shall include
shown in Table 1 may be specified or used for concrete that is not subject applicable requirements for the concrete to be produced in
to freezing and thawing. This may be done to improve workability and compliance with the specification.
cohesiveness, reduce the rate of bleeding, reduce the water content for a
given consistency, or achieve required lightweight concrete density. 6.3 If the type, kind, or class of cementitious materials in
Specified total air contents higher than those shown in Table 1 may reduce 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 are not designated by the purchaser, it is
strength without any further improvement of durability. permitted to use cementitious materials in concrete mixtures
Exposure conditions for freezing and thawing environments in Table 1
that will satisfy the concrete properties and other requirements
correspond to the following:
Moderate Exposure—Concrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles but not of the purchaser as ordered.
in contact with the ground or with limited exposure to water, limiting the 6.4 Option A:
ability to cause saturation of a portion of the concrete prior to freezing.
6.4.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer to
The concrete shall not receive deicing salts or other aggressive chemicals.
Examples include: exterior beams, columns, walls, girders, footings below assume full responsibility for the selection of the proportions
the frost line, or elevated slabs where application of deicing salt is not for the concrete mixture (Note 8), the purchaser shall also
anticipated. The air content requirements for this exposure are consistent specify the following:
with those for Exposure Class F1 of ACI 318. 6.4.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as deter-
Severe Exposure—Concrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles while in
contact with the ground or with frequent exposure to water, potentially
mined on samples taken from the transportation unit at the
causing saturation of a portion of the concrete prior to freezing. The point of discharge evaluated in accordance with Section 18.
concrete may receive deicing chemicals or other aggressive chemicals. The purchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of the
Examples include: pavements, bridge decks, curbs, gutters, sidewalks, compressive strength of standard specimens cured under stan-
canal linings, or exterior water tanks or sumps. The air content require- dard laboratory conditions for moist curing (see Section 18).
ments for this exposure are consistent with those for Exposure Classes F2
and F3 of ACI 318. Unless otherwise specified the age at test shall be 28 days.
6.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basis NOTE 8—The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which he
assumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements for
for determining the proportions of the concrete to produce the workability, placeability, durability, surface texture, and density, in addi-
required quality, tion to those for structural design. The purchaser is referred to Standard
6.1.6 When lightweight concrete is specified, the equilib- Practice ACI 211.1 and Standard Practice ACI 211.2 for the selection of
rium density, proportions that will result in concrete suitable for various types of
structures and conditions of exposure. The water-cement ratio of most
NOTE 6—The density of fresh concrete is the only measurable density structural lightweight concretes cannot be determined with sufficient
of lightweight concrete at the time of delivery. The density of fresh accuracy for use as a specification basis.
concrete is always higher than the equilibrium or oven-dry density.
Therefore, for acceptance of lightweight concrete based on density at the 6.4.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,
time of delivery, a relationship between the equilibrium density and prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement
density of fresh concrete needs to be established. Definitions of, and to the purchaser, giving the dry masses of cement and saturated
methods for determining or calculating equilibrium and oven-dry density, surface-dry-masses of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities,
are covered by Test Method C567/C567M. type, and name of admixtures (if any) and of water per cubic
6.1.7 When high-density or heavyweight concrete is yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in the
specified, the density of fresh concrete, and manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.
NOTE 7—High-density or heavyweight concrete typically contains The manufacturer shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to the
aggregate with a relative density of 3.3 or greater conforming to purchaser that the materials to be used and proportions selected
Specification C637. This concrete is used for radiation shielding or other will produce concrete of the quality specified.

TABLE 1 Total Air Content for Air-Entrained Concrete Exposed to Cycles of Freezing and Thawing
Total Air Content, %
Exposure Nominal Maximum Sizes of Aggregate, mm [in.]
Condition 9.5 [3⁄8 ] 12.5 [1⁄2 ] 19.0 [3⁄4 ] 25.0 [1] 37.5 [11⁄2 ] 50.0 [2] 75.0 [3]
(See Note 5)
Moderate 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5
Severe 7.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5

3
 C94/C94M − 16b
6.5 Option B: concrete of the quality specified. Whatever strengths are
6.5.1 When the purchaser assumes responsibility for the attained the quantity of cement used shall not be less than the
proportioning of the concrete mixture, he shall also specify the minimum specified.
following: 6.7 The proportions arrived at by Options A, B, or C for
6.5.1.1 Cement content in kilograms per cubic metre each class of concrete and approved for use in a project shall
[pounds per cubic yard] of concrete, be assigned a designation to facilitate identification of each
6.5.1.2 Maximum allowable water content in litres per cubic concrete mixture delivered to the project. This is the designa-
metre [gallons per cubic yard] of concrete, including surface tion required in 14.1.7 and supplies information on concrete
moisture on the aggregates, but excluding water of absorption proportions when they are not given separately on each
(Note 8), and delivery ticket as outlined in 14.2. A certified copy of all
6.5.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, and proportions as established in Options A, B, or C shall be on file
dosage to be used. The cement content shall not be reduced at the batch plant.
when admixtures are used under this option without the written 6.8 The purchaser shall ensure that the manufacturer is
approval of the purchaser. provided copies of all reports of tests performed on concrete
6.5.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall, samples taken to determine compliance with specification
prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement requirements. Reports shall be provided on a timely basis.
to the purchaser giving the sources, densities, and sieve
analyses of the aggregates and the dry masses of cement and 7. Slump or Slump Flow
saturated-surface-dry masses of fine and coarse aggregate and 7.1 Unless other tolerances are indicated by the purchaser,
quantities, type and name of admixture (if any) and of water the following shall apply.
per cubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in 7.1.1 When slump is stated as a “maximum” or “not to
the manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the exceed” requirement:
purchaser. Tolerances for “Maximum” or “Not to Exceed” Slumps
6.6 Option C: For Slump of: Tolerance
6.6.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer to
assume responsibility for the selection of the proportions for 75 mm [3 in.] or less +0 and – 40 mm [11⁄2 in.]
More than 75 mm [3 in.] +0 and – 65 mm [21⁄2 in.]
the concrete mixture with the minimum allowable cement
content specified (Note 9), the purchaser shall also specify the 7.1.2 When slump is stated as a target or nominal slump:
following: Tolerances for Target or Nominal Slumps
6.6.1.1 Required compressive strength as determined on For Slump of: Tolerance
samples taken from the transportation unit at the point of
discharge evaluated in accordance with Section 18. The pur- 50 mm [2 in.] and less ± 15 mm [1⁄2 in.]
More than 50 to 100 mm [2 through 4 in.] ± 25 mm [1 in.]
chaser shall specify the requirements for strength in terms of More than 100 mm [4 in.] ± 40 mm [11⁄2 in.]
tests of standard specimens cured under standard laboratory
7.1.3 When the purchaser states a slump flow requirement
conditions for moist curing (see Section 18). Unless otherwise
for self-consolidating concrete:
specified the age at test shall be 28 days.
Tolerances for Slump Flow
6.6.1.2 Minimum cement content in kilograms per cubic
metre [pounds per cubic yard] of concrete. For Slump Flow Tolerance
6.6.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, and
Less than or equal to 550 mm [22 in.] ± 40 mm [1 1⁄2 in.]
dosage to be used. The cement content shall not be reduced More than 550 mm [22 in. ] ± 65 mm [2 1⁄2 in.]
when admixtures are used. 7.1.4 The tolerances for slump or slump flow apply to the
NOTE 9—Option C can be distinctive and useful only if the designated values stated in the order when adjustments in accordance with
minimum cement content is at about the same level that would ordinarily 12.7 and 12.8 are permitted.
be required for the strength, aggregate size, and slump or slump flow
specified. At the same time, it must be an amount that will be sufficient to 7.2 Concrete shall be available within the permissible range
ensure durability under expected service conditions, as well as satisfactory of slump or slump flow for a period of 30 min starting either on
surface texture and density, in the event specified strength is attained with arrival at the job site or after the initial slump adjustment
it. For additional information refer to Standard Practice ACI 211.1 and permitted in 12.7, whichever is later. The first and last 1⁄4 m3
Standard Practice 211.2 referred to in Note 8.
[1⁄4 yd3] discharged are exempt from this requirement. If the
6.6.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall, user is unprepared for discharge of the concrete from the
prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement vehicle, the producer shall not be responsible for the limitation
to the purchaser, giving the dry masses of cement and saturated of minimum slump or slump flow after 30 min have elapsed
surface-dry masses of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities, starting either on arrival of the vehicle at the prescribed
type, and name of admixture (if any) and of water per cubic destination or at the requested delivery time, whichever is later.
yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in the
manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser. 8. Air-Entrained Concrete
He shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to the purchaser that 8.1 Unless otherwise specified, for air-entrained concrete
the materials to be used and proportions selected will produce the total air contents in Table 1 shall apply based on the

4
 C94/C94M − 16b
exposure condition stated in the purchase order. It is permitted greater than 30 % of the scale capacity, the quantity of
to reduce the total air content values in Table 1 by one aggregate shall be within 62 % of the required mass. When
percentage point for concretes with a specified compressive aggregates are measured in a cumulative aggregate weigh
strength greater than or equal to 35 MPa [5000 psi]. Total air batcher, and the required intermediate and final cumulative
content that differs from the values in Table 1 is permitted for mass of aggregate components is equal to or greater than 30 %
concrete not exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing (Note of the scale capacity, the quantity of aggregate at each
5). successive weighing shall be within 61 % of the required
8.2 The air content of air-entrained concrete when sampled mass.
from the transportation unit at the point of discharge shall be NOTE 12—The batching accuracy limit of 0.3 % of scale capacity
within a tolerance of 6 1.5 of the specified value. establishes a reasonable minimum weighing tolerance limit that is
independent of the quantity of material being weighed. It generally
8.3 When a preliminary sample taken within the time limits governs for smaller batch quantities weighed in weigh batchers (scales).
of 12.7 and prior to discharge for placement shows an air 9.3 Mixing water shall consist of batch water (water
content below the specified level by more than the allowable weighed or metered at the plant), ice, free moisture on the
tolerance in accordance with 8.2, the manufacturer may use aggregates, wash water retained in the mixer before batching,
additional air entraining admixture to achieve the desired air water added at the jobsite in accordance with 12.7 or by an
content level, followed by a minimum of 30 revolutions at automated truck mixer system in accordance with 12.8, and
mixing speed, so long as the revolution limit of 6.1.9 is not water introduced from admixtures if the quantity added in-
exceeded (see Note 10). creases the water-cementitious materials ratio by more than
NOTE 10—Acceptance sampling and testing in accordance with Practice 0.01 (Note 13). The batch water shall be measured by mass or
C172/C172M is not obviated by this provision. Increasing the air content volume to an accuracy of 61 % of the mixing water estab-
may increase the slump or slump flow. lished by the designed mixture proportions. Ice shall be
measured by mass. In the case of truck mixers, any wash water
9. Measuring Materials retained in the drum for use in the next batch of concrete shall
9.1 Except as otherwise specifically permitted, cementitious be measured; if this proves impractical or impossible the wash
materials shall be measured by mass. When supplementary water shall be discharged before loading the next batch of
cementitious materials are used in the concrete mixtures, the concrete. Quantity of mixing water shall be accurate to within
cumulative mass is permitted to be measured with hydraulic 63 % of the amount established by the designed mixture
cement, but in a batch hopper and on a scale which is separate proportions.
and distinct from those used for other materials. The mass of NOTE 13—Mixing water is the total amount of water in a batch less the
the hydraulic cement shall be measured before supplementary water absorbed by the aggregates. Mixing water is used to calculate the
cementitious materials. When the quantity of cementitious water-cementitious materials ratio (w/cm).
material exceeds 30 % of the full capacity of the scale, the 9.4 Chemical admixtures in powdered form shall be mea-
measured quantity of the hydraulic cement shall be within 6 sured by mass. Liquid chemical admixtures shall be batched by
1 % of the required mass, and the cumulative measured mass or volume. Admixtures measured by either mass or
quantity of hydraulic cement plus supplementary cementitious volume, shall be batched with an accuracy of 63 % of the total
materials shall also be within 6 1 % of the required cumulative amount required or plus or minus the amount or dosage
mass at each intermediate weighing. For smaller batches to a required for 50 kg [100 lb] of hydraulic cement, whichever is
minimum of 1 m3 [1 yd3], the measured quantity of the greater.
hydraulic cement and the measured cumulative quantity of
hydraulic cement plus supplementary cementitious materials NOTE 14—Admixture dispensers of the mechanical type capable of
adjustment for variation of dosage, and of simple calibration, are
used shall be not less than the required amount nor more than recommended.
4 % in excess. When the purchaser requires alternate methods
of measuring cementitious materials, measurement methods 10. Batching Plant
and reporting shall be stated in the order (see Note 11). 10.1 Bins with adequate separate compartments shall be
NOTE 11—Cementitious materials in bags may be used when requested provided in the batching plant for fine and for each required
or permitted by the purchaser. size of coarse aggregate. Each bin compartment shall be
9.2 Aggregate shall be measured by mass. Batch mass designed and operated so as to discharge efficiently and freely,
measurements shall be based on dry materials and shall be the with minimum segregation, into the weighing hopper. Means
required mass of dry materials plus the total mass of moisture of control shall be provided so that, as the quantity desired in
(both absorbed and surface) contained in the aggregate. the weighing hopper is approached, the material shall be shut
9.2.1 For aggregates measured in individual or cumulative off with precision. Weighing hoppers shall be constructed so as
weigh batchers, when the required intermediate or final mass is to eliminate accumulations of tare materials and to discharge
less than 30 % of the scale capacity the aggregate mass shall be fully.
within 60.3 % of scale capacity or within 63 % of the 10.2 Indicating devices shall be in full view and near
required mass, whichever is less. enough to be read accurately by the operator while charging the
9.2.2 When aggregates are measured in an individual weigh hopper. The operator shall have convenient access to all
batcher and the required mass of aggregate is equal to or controls.

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 C94/C94M − 16b
10.3 Scales shall be considered accurate if their accuracy is 11.1.2 Each truck mixer or agitator shall have attached
verified through the normally used capacity in accordance with thereto in a prominent place a metal plate or plates on which
Table 2 and load indicated relative to applied test load is within are plainly marked the gross volume of the drum, the capacity
60.15 % of the total capacity of the scale or 0.4 % of the net of the drum or container in terms of the volume of mixed
applied load, whichever is greater. The minimum quantity and concrete, and the minimum and maximum mixing speeds of
sequence of applied test loads used to verify material scales rotation of the drum, blades, or paddles. When the concrete is
shall conform to Table 2 and its notes. truck mixed as described in 12.5, or shrink mixed as described
10.4 All exposed fulcrums, clevises, and similar working in 12.4, the volume of mixed concrete shall not exceed 63 % of
parts of scales shall be kept clean. Beam scales shall be the total volume of the drum or container. When the concrete
equipped with a balance indicator sensitive enough to show is central mixed as described in 12.3, the volume of concrete in
movement when a weight equal to 0.1 % of the nominal the truck mixer or agitator shall not exceed 80 % of the total
capacity of the scale is placed in the batch hopper. Pointer volume of the drum or container. Truck mixers and agitators
travel shall be a minimum of 5 % of the net-rated capacity of shall be equipped with means to readily verify the number of
the largest weigh beam for underweight and 4 % for over- revolutions of the drum, blades, or paddles.
weight. 11.2 Mixers shall be capable of combining the ingredients
10.5 The device for the measurement of the added water of the concrete within the specified time for stationary mixers
shall be capable of delivering to the batch the quantity required in 12.3 or the specified number of revolutions for truck mixers
within the accuracy required in 9.3. The device shall be so in 12.5, into a thoroughly mixed and uniform mass and of
arranged that the measurements will not be affected by variable discharging the concrete so that not less than five of the six
pressures in the water supply line. Measuring tanks shall be requirements shown in Table A1.1 shall have been met.
equipped with outside taps and valves to provide for checking NOTE 16—The sequence or method of charging the mixer will have an
their calibration unless other means are provided for readily important effect on the uniformity of the concrete.
and accurately determining the amount of water in the tank.
11.3 The agitator shall be capable of maintaining the mixed
NOTE 15—The scale accuracy limitations of the National Ready Mixed concrete in a thoroughly mixed and uniform mass and of
Concrete Association Plant Certification meet the requirements of this discharging the concrete with a satisfactory degree of unifor-
specification.
mity as defined by Annex A1.
11. Mixers and Agitators 11.4 Slump tests of individual samples taken after discharge
11.1 Mixers will be stationary mixers or truck mixers. of approximately 15 % and 85 % of the load will provide a
Agitators will be truck mixers or truck agitators. quick check of the probable degree of uniformity (Note 17).
11.1.1 Stationary mixers shall be equipped with a metal These two samples shall be obtained within an elapsed time of
plate or plates on which are plainly marked the mixing speed not more than 15 min. If these slumps differ more than that
of the drum or paddles, and the maximum capacity in terms of specified in Annex A1, the mixer or agitator shall not be used
the volume of mixed concrete. When used for the complete unless the condition is corrected, except as provided in 11.5.
mixing of concrete, stationary mixers shall be equipped with an NOTE 17—No samples should be taken before 10 % or after 90 % of the
acceptable timing device that will not permit the batch to be batch has been discharged. Due to the difficulty of determining the actual
discharged until the specified mixing time has elapsed. quantity of concrete discharged, the intent is to provide samples that are

TABLE 2 Minimum Field Standard Weights and Test LoadsA

Minimum
(in terms of device capacity)
Device Capacity Minimum Loads for Verification of Scale Accuracy
Field Standard
Test LoadsC
Weights
0 to 2000 kg
100 % 100 %
[0 to 4000 lb]

2001 to 20 000 kg Greater ofB Field standard weights or test load to used capacity, if greater than minimum
[4001 to 40 000 lb] 10 % or 500 kg specified.
[1000 lb] 50 %D
Strain-load testsE are permitted to be used above test load minimums. During initial
verification, a scale shall be tested to full capacity.
A
If the configuration and set up of the scale system prevents access or application of adequate field standard weights or if an unsafe condition is created by the verification
process then the use of the scale above the verified position shall be discontinued until corrective measures have been completed.
B
Field standard weights used in verifying accuracy of weighing devices shall comply with requirements of NIST Handbook 105-1.
C
The term “test load” means the sum of the combination of field standard weights and any other applied load used in the conduct of a test using substitution test methods.
Substitution Test—In the substitution test procedure, material or objects are substituted for field standard weights, or a combination of field standard weights and previously
quantified material or objects, using the scale under test as a comparator. Additional test weights or other known test loads may be added to the known test load to verify
the accuracy of higher weight ranges on the scale.
D
The scale shall be tested from zero to at least 10 % of scale capacity using field standard weights, and then to at least 50 % of scale capacity using a series of substitution
load tests that utilize field standard weights equaling at least 10 % of scale capacity.
E
A strain-load test shall be conducted to verify the accuracy from 50 % of scale capacity to the used capacity of the scale. At least one load test shall be performed in
each quarter of scale capacity. Strain-Load Test—In the strain-load test procedure, an unknown quantity of material or objects are used to establish a reference load or
tare to which field standard weights or substitution test loads are added.

6
 C94/C94M − 16b
representative of widely separated portions, but not the beginning and end 12.3.3 Sampling for Uniformity Tests of Stationary Mixers—
of the load. Samples of concrete for comparative purposes shall be ob-
11.5 Use of the equipment is permitted when operation with tained immediately after arbitrarily designated mixing times, in
a longer mixing time, a smaller load, or a more efficient accordance with one of the following procedures:
charging sequence will permit the requirements of Annex A1 to 12.3.3.1 Alternative Procedure 1—The mixer shall be
be met. stopped, and the required samples removed by any suitable
11.6 Mixers and agitators shall be examined or their mass means from the concrete at approximately equal distances from
determined as frequently as necessary to detect changes in the front and back of the drum, or
condition due to accumulations of hardened concrete or mortar 12.3.3.2 Alternative Procedure 2—As the mixer is being
and examined to detect wear of blades. When such changes are emptied, individual samples shall be taken after discharge of
extensive enough to affect the mixer performance, the proof- approximately 15 % and 85 % of the load. The method of
tests described in Annex A1 shall be performed to show sampling shall provide that the samples are representative of
whether the correction of deficiencies is required. widely separated portions, but not from the very ends of the
batch (Note 17).
12. Mixing and Delivery 12.3.3.3 The samples of concrete shall be tested in accor-
12.1 Ready-mixed concrete shall be mixed and delivered to dance with Section 18, and differences in test results for the
the point designated by the purchaser by means of one of the two samples shall not exceed those given in Annex A1. Mixer
following combinations of operations: performance tests shall be repeated whenever the appearance
of the concrete or the coarse aggregate content of samples
12.1.1 Central-Mixed Concrete.
selected as outlined in this section indicates that adequate
12.1.2 Shrink-Mixed Concrete.
mixing has not been accomplished.
12.1.3 Truck-Mixed Concrete.
12.2 Mixers and agitators shall be operated within the limits 12.4 Shrink-Mixed Concrete—Concrete that is first partially
of capacity and speed of rotation designated by the manufac- mixed in a stationary mixer, and then mixed completely in a
turer of the equipment. truck mixer, shall conform to the following: The time of partial
mixing shall be minimum required to intermingle the ingredi-
12.3 Central-Mixed Concrete—Concrete that is mixed com- ents. After transfer to a truck mixer the amount of mixing at the
pletely in a stationary mixer and transported to the point of designated mixing speed will be that necessary to meet the
delivery either in a truck agitator, or a truck mixer operating at requirements for uniformity of concrete as indicated in Annex
agitating speed, or in non-agitating equipment approved by the A1. Tests to confirm such performance shall be made in
purchaser and meeting the requirements of Section 13, shall accordance with 12.5.1. Additional turning of the mixer, if any,
conform to the following: The mixing time shall be counted shall be at a designated agitating speed.
from the time all the solid materials are in the drum. The batch
shall be so charged into the mixer that some water will enter in 12.5 Truck-Mixed Concrete—Concrete that is completely
advance of the cement and aggregate and the target batch water mixed in a truck mixer, 70 to 100 revolutions at the mixing
shall be in the drum by the end of the first one fourth of the speed designated by the manufacturer to produce the unifor-
specified mixing time; or in accordance with the central mity of concrete indicated in Annex A1 (see Note 19).
concrete mixer manufacturer’s recommended charging se- Concrete uniformity tests shall be made in accordance with
quence. 12.5.1 and if requirements for uniformity of concrete indicated
12.3.1 Where no mixer performance tests are made, the in Annex A1 are not met with 100 revolutions of mixing, after
acceptable mixing time for mixers having capacities of 0.76 m3 all ingredients including water, are in the drum, that mixer shall
[1 yd3] or less shall be not less than 1 min. For mixers of not be used until the condition is corrected, except as provided
greater capacity, this minimum shall be increased 15 s for each in 11.5. When satisfactory performance is found in one truck
cubic metre [cubic yard] or fraction thereof of additional mixer, the performance of mixers of substantially the same
capacity (See Note 18). design and condition of blades are permitted to be regarded as
satisfactory. Additional revolutions of the mixer beyond the
NOTE 18—Stationary mixers of similar design bearing a Performance number found to produce the required uniformity of concrete
Rating plate of the Concrete Plant Manufacturers Bureau have been tested shall be at a designated agitating speed.
for their ability to produce uniformly mixed concrete in accordance with
Annex A1 for low slump (< 50 mm [2 in.]) and normal slump (100–150 NOTE 19—Truck mixers of similar design bearing a Performance Rating
mm [4–6 in.]) concrete in a mixing time between 30 and 90 s. plate of the Truck Mixer Manufacturers Bureau have been tested for their
12.3.2 When mixer performance tests have been made on ability to produce uniformly mixed concrete in accordance with Annex
A1.
given concrete mixtures in accordance with the testing program
set forth in the following paragraphs, and the mixers have been 12.5.1 Sampling for Uniformity of Concrete Produced in
charged to their rated capacity, the acceptable mixing time is Truck Mixers—The concrete shall be discharged at the normal
permitted to be reduced for those particular circumstances to a operating rate for the mixer being tested, with care being
point at which satisfactory mixing defined in 12.3.3 shall have exercised not to obstruct or retard the discharge. Separate
been accomplished. When the mixing time is so reduced the samples, each consisting of approximately 0.1 m3 [2 ft3] shall
maximum time of mixing shall not exceed this reduced time by be taken after discharge of approximately 15 % and 85 % of
more than 60 s for air-entrained concrete. the load (Note 17). These samples shall be obtained within an

7
 C94/C94M − 16b
elapsed time of not more than 15 min. The samples shall be measurement equipment shall report in terms of slump or
secured in accordance with Practice C172/C172M, but shall be slump flow. The device for the measurement of water shall be
kept separate to represent specific points in the batch rather accurate to 63 % of the amount added with said device. The
than combined to form a composite sample. Between samples, device for the measurement of water-reducing admixture shall
where necessary to maintain slump, the mixer shall be turned be accurate to the greater of 63 % of the amount added or 630
in mixing direction at agitating speed. During sampling the mL [61 fl oz]. Upon request by the purchaser, the manufac-
receptacle shall receive the full discharge of the chute. Suffi- turer shall submit data no older than 6 months substantiating
cient personnel must be available to perform the required tests the accuracy of the devices used for the measurement of water
promptly. Segregation during sampling and handling must be or water-reducing admixture. The equipment shall have con-
avoided. Each sample shall be remixed the minimum amount trols to prevent discharge of water at pre-set limits to avoid
to ensure uniformity before specimens are molded for a exceeding the maximum water content for the batch as
particular test. established by the designed mixture proportions.
12.6 When a truck mixer or truck agitator is used for 12.9 Discharge of the concrete shall be completed within 1
transporting concrete that has been completely mixed in a ⁄ h after the introduction of the mixing water to the cement
12

stationary mixer, any turning during transportation shall be at and aggregates or the introduction of the cement to the
the speed designated by the manufacturer of the equipment as aggregates. This limitation may be waived by the purchaser if
agitating speed. the concrete is of such slump or slump flow after the 11⁄2-h time
12.7 For concrete delivered in truck mixers, no water from has been reached that it can be placed, without the addition of
the truck water system or elsewhere shall be added after the water to the batch. In hot weather, or under conditions
initial introduction of water during batching, except as permit- contributing to rapid stiffening of the concrete, a time less than
ted in 12.8, and if on arrival at the job site the slump or slump 1 1⁄2 h is permitted to be specified by the purchaser.
flow needs to be increased to comply with the requirement 12.10 If a drum revolution limit (6.1.9) for start of discharge
stated in the purchase order. Unless otherwise stated, obtain the is specified by the purchaser, this limit shall govern.
required slump or slump flow within the tolerances stated in
7.1.1, 7.1.2, or 7.1.3with the addition of water, or water- NOTE 20—Depending on the project requirements, the technology is
reducing admixture, or both. The maximum quantity of water available to the manufacturer to alter fresh concrete properties (such as
setting time, slump or slump flow, and air content). On some projects, the
or water-reducing admixture that can be added at the job site manufacturer may request changes to certain fresh concrete properties due
shall be determined by the manufacturer and shall not exceed to the distance or projected transportation time between the batch plant
the maximum water content for the batch as established by the and the point of delivery.
designed mixture proportions. Adjusting the concrete mixture 12.11 Concrete delivered in cold weather shall have the
with water or water-reducing admixture shall be done before applicable minimum temperature indicated in the following
discharge of concrete, except when obtaining a preliminary table. (The purchaser shall inform the producer as to the type
sample in accordance with 17.6. Additional water shall be of construction for which the concrete is intended.)
injected into the mixer under pressure and direction of flow to
Minimum Concrete Temperature as Placed
allow for proper distribution within the mixer. After the
additions, the drum shall be turned at least 30 revolutions at Section Size, mm [in.] Temperature, min, °C [°F]
mixing speed. The quantity of water or water-reducing admix-
<300 [<12] 13 [55]
ture added shall be recorded. 300–900 [12–36] 10 [50]
12.8 For truck mixers with automated water or water- 900–1800 [36–72] 7 [45]
>1800 [>72] 5 [40]
reducing admixture measurement and slump or slump flow
monitoring equipment defined in 12.8.1and if permitted by the The maximum temperature of concrete produced with
purchaser, water, or water-reducing admixture, or both, may be heated aggregates, heated water, or both, shall at no time
added during transportation to the job site. Such additional during its production or transportation exceed 32 °C [90 °F].
water shall be injected into the mixer under such pressure and NOTE 21—When hot water is used rapid stiffening may occur if hot
direction of flow to allow for proper distribution within the water is brought in direct contact with the cement. Additional information
mixer. The water content of the batch shall not exceed that on cold weather concreting is contained in ACI 306R.
established by the designed mixture proportions. If water or 12.12 The producer shall deliver the ready mixed concrete
water-reducing admixture is added, the mixer shall be turned at during hot weather at concrete temperatures as low as
least 30 drum revolutions at mixing speed. Said mixing shall practicable, subject to the approval of the purchaser.
take place after the last water or water-reducing admixture
addition but before the start of discharge. The acceptance or NOTE 22—In some situations difficulty may be encountered when
rejection of concrete based on slump or slump flow shall be in concrete temperatures approach 32 °C [90 °F]. Additional information
may be found in ACI 305R.
accordance with Section 17.
12.8.1 The automated slump or slump flow monitoring
13. Use of Nonagitating Equipment
equipment shall be capable of obtaining one or more physical
measurements on the truck mixer related to concrete slump or 13.1 When the use of non-agitating transportation equip-
slump flow and providing an indication of slump or slump flow ment is approved by the purchaser, the concrete shall be
based on pre-established correlations. The slump or slump flow manufactured in a central mix plant. The proportions of the

8
 C94/C94M − 16b
concrete shall be approved by the purchaser and the following 14.2.2 Type, brand, and amount of cement,
limitations shall apply: 14.2.3 Class, brand, and amount of coal fly ash, or raw or
13.2 Bodies of nonagitating equipment shall be smooth, calcined natural pozzolans,
watertight, metal containers equipped with gates that will 14.2.4 Grade, brand, and amount of slag cement,
permit control of the discharge of the concrete. Covers shall be 14.2.5 Type, brand, and amount of silica fume,
provided for protection against the weather when required by 14.2.6 Type, brand, and amount of admixtures
the purchaser. 14.2.7 Type, brand, and amount of fiber reinforcement,
13.3 The concrete shall be delivered to the site of the work 14.2.8 Source and amount of each metered or weighed
in a thoroughly mixed and uniform mass and discharged with water,
a satisfactory degree of uniformity as prescribed in Annex A1. 14.2.9 Information necessary to calculate the mixing water,
as listed in 9.3,
13.4 Slump tests of individual samples taken after discharge
14.2.10 Maximum size of aggregate,
of approximately 15 % and 85 % of the load will provide for a
quick check of the probable degree of uniformity (Note 17). 14.2.11 Mass (amount) of fine and coarse aggregate,
These two samples shall be obtained within an elapsed time of 14.2.12 Ingredients certified as being previously approved,
not more than 15 min. If these slumps differ more than that and
specified in Table A1.1, the nonagitating equipment shall not 14.2.13 Signature or initials of producer’s representative.
be used unless the conditions are corrected as provided in 13.5.
15. Plant Inspection
13.5 If the requirements of Annex A1 are not met when the
nonagitating equipment is operated for the maximum time of 15.1 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reason-
haul, and with the concrete mixed the minimum time, the able access, without charge, for making necessary checks of
equipment shall only be used when operated using shorter the production facilities and for securing necessary samples to
hauls, or longer mixing times, or combinations thereof that will determine if the concrete is being produced in accordance with
result in the requirements of Annex A1 being met. this specification. All tests and inspection shall be so conducted
as not to interfere unnecessarily with the manufacture and
14. Batch Ticket Information delivery of concrete.
14.1 The manufacturer of the concrete shall furnish to the
purchaser with each batch of concrete before unloading at the 16. Practices, Test Methods, and Reporting
site, a delivery ticket containing information concerning said 16.1 Test ready-mixed concrete in accordance with the
concrete as follows: following methods:
14.1.1 Name of ready-mix company and batch plant, or 16.1.1 Compression Test Specimens—Practice C31/C31M,
batch plant number, using standard moist curing in accordance with the applicable
14.1.2 Serial number of ticket, provisions of Practice C31/C31M.
14.1.3 Date, 16.1.2 Compression Tests—Test Method C39/C39M.
14.1.4 Truck number, 16.1.3 Yield, Mass per Cubic Foot—Test Method C138/
14.1.5 Name of purchaser, C138M.
14.1.6 Specific designation of job (name and location),
16.1.4 Air Content—Test Method C138/C138M; Test
14.1.7 Specific class or designation of the concrete in
Method C173/C173M or Test Method C231/C231M.
conformance with that employed in job specifications,
16.1.5 Slump—Test Method C143/C143M.
14.1.8 Amount of concrete in cubic yards (or cubic metres),
14.1.9 Time loaded or of first mixing of cement and 16.1.6 Slump Flow—Test Method C1611/C1611M.
aggregates, and 16.1.7 Sampling Fresh Concrete—Practice C172/C172M.
14.1.10 Amount of water added at the request of the 16.1.8 Temperature—Test Method C1064/C1064M.
purchaser or the purchaser’s designated representative and 16.2 The testing agency performing acceptance tests of
their initials. concrete shall meet the requirements of Practice C1077.
14.1.11 Type and quantity of admixture or other adjust-
ments made to the batch after batching. 16.3 Testing agency reports of concrete test results used to
14.1.12 For trucks equipped with automated water or water- determine compliance with this specification shall include a
reducing admixture measurement and slump or slump flow statement that all tests performed by the testing agency or its
monitoring equipment as defined in 12.8.1, the total amount of agents were in accordance with the applicable test methods or
water or water-reducing admixture added by said equipment. shall note all known deviations from the prescribed procedures
14.1.13 Revolution limit as determined by the manufac- (Note 23). The reports shall also list any part of the test
turer in accordance with 6.1.9. methods not performed by the testing agency.
14.2 Additional information for certification purposes as NOTE 23—Deviation from standard test methods may adversely affect
test results.
designated by the purchaser and required by the job specifica-
NOTE 24—Deviation from standard moisture and temperature curing
tions shall be furnished when requested; such information as: requirements of Practice C31/C31M is often a reason for low strength test
14.2.1 Reading of revolution counter at the first addition of results. Such deviations may invalidate the use of such test results as a
water, basis for rejection of the concrete.

9
 C94/C94M − 16b
17. Sampling and Testing Fresh Concrete as an ACI Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician—Grade I or
17.1 The contractor shall afford the inspector all reasonable by an equivalent written and performance test program.
access and assistance, without charge, for the procurement of 18.2 For a strength test, at least two standard test specimens
samples of fresh concrete at time of placement to determine shall be made from a composite sample secured as required in
conformance of it to this specification. Section 17. A test shall be the average of the strengths of the
17.2 Tests of concrete required to determine compliance specimens tested at the age specified in 6.4.1.1 or 6.6.1.1 (Note
with this specification shall be made by a certified technician in 25). If a specimen shows definite evidence other than low
accordance with Practice C1077. strength, of improper sampling, molding, handling, curing, or
testing, it shall be discarded and the strength of the remaining
17.3 Samples of concrete shall be obtained in accordance cylinder shall then be considered the test result.
with Practice C172/C172M, except when taken to determine
uniformity of slump within any one batch or load of concrete NOTE 25—Additional tests may be made at other ages to obtain
information for determining form removal time or when a structure may
(11.4, 12.3.3, 12.5.1, and 13.4). be put in service. Specimens for such tests are cured according to the
17.4 Slump or slump flow, air-content, density, and tem- section on Field Curing in Practice C31/C31M.
perature tests shall be made at the time of discharge at the 18.3 The representative of the purchaser shall ascertain and
option of the inspector as often as is necessary for control record the delivery-ticket number for the concrete and the exact
checks. In addition, these tests shall be made when specified location in the work at which each load represented by a
and always when strength specimens are made. strength test is deposited.
17.5 Strength tests as well as slump or slump flow, 18.4 To conform to the requirements of this specification,
temperature, density, and air content tests shall generally be strength tests representing each class of concrete must meet the
made with a frequency of not less than one test for each 115 m3 following two requirements (Note 26):
[150 yd3]. Each test shall be made from a separate batch. On 18.4.1 The average of any three consecutive strength tests
each day concrete is delivered, at least one strength test shall be shall be equal to, or greater than, the specified strength, f 'c, and
made for each class of concrete. 18.4.2 When the specified strength is 35 MPa [5000 psi] or
17.6 If preliminary checks of slump, slump flow, or air less, no individual strength test (average of two cylinder tests)
content are made, a single sample shall be taken after the shall be more than 3.5 MPa [500 psi] below the specified
discharge of not less than 1⁄4 m3 or 1⁄4 yd3. All other require- strength, f 'c.
ments of Practice C172/C172M shall be retained. If the NOTE 26—Due to variations in materials, operations, and testing, the
preliminary measurement of slump (12.7) or air content (8.3) average strength necessary to meet these requirements will be substan-
falls outside the specified limits, address as indicated in section tially higher than the specified strength. The amount higher depends upon
17.6.1 or 17.6.2 as appropriate. the standard deviation of the test results and the accuracy with which that
value can be estimated from prior data as explained in ACI 214R6 and
17.6.1 If the measured slump or slump flow, or air content, ACI 301. Pertinent data are given in Appendix X1.
or both is greater than the specified upper limit, a check test
shall be made immediately on a new test sample. In the event 18.4.3 When the specified strength is greater than 35 MPa
the check test fails, the concrete shall be considered to have [5000 psi], no individual strength test (average of two cylinder
failed the requirements of the specification. tests) shall be less than 0.90 f 'c.
17.6.2 If the measured slump or slump flow, or air content, 19. Failure to Meet Strength Requirements
or both is less than the lower limit, permit adjustments in
accordance with 12.7 or 8.3 or both, as appropriate, and obtain 19.1 In the event that concrete tested in accordance with the
a new sample. If the sample of the adjusted concrete fails, a requirements of Section 18 fails to meet the strength require-
check test shall be made immediately on a new sample of the ments of this specification, the manufacturer of the ready-
adjusted concrete. In the event the check test fails, the concrete mixed concrete and the purchaser shall confer to determine
shall be considered to have failed the requirements of the whether agreement can be reached as to what adjustment or
specification. adjustments, if any, shall be made to the mixture proportions,
production process, or testing procedures.
18. Strength
NOTE 27—Section R5.6.3.4 of the ACI 318–11 Commentary and
18.1 When strength is used as a basis for acceptance of Section 5.6.5 of ACI 318–11 and its respective Commentary address when
concrete, standard specimens shall be made in accordance with and how low strength test results and the quality of in-place concrete can
Practice C31/C31M. The specimens shall be cured under be investigated.
standard moisture and temperature conditions in accordance 20. Keywords
with the applicable provisions of Practice C31/C31M. The
technician performing the strength test shall be certified as an 20.1 accuracy; blended hydraulic cement; certification;
ACI Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Concrete Labora- ready-mixed concrete; scales; testing
tory Testing Technician—Grade II or by an equivalent written
and performance test program covering the relevant test 6
ACI 214R-11, “Guide to Evaluation of Strength Test Results of Concrete,”
methods. If acceptance is based upon compressive strength test available from American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI,
results, the certification requirement is satisfied by certification www.concrete.org, 2011, 16 pp.

10
 C94/C94M − 16b

ANNEX

(Mandatory Information)

A1. CONCRETE UNIFORMITY REQUIREMENTS

A1.1 The variation within a batch as provided in Table A1.1 A1.3 Mass per Unit Volume of Air Free Mortar shall be
shall be determined for each property listed as the difference calculated as follows:
between the highest value and the lowest value obtained from Inch-Pound Units:
the different portions of the same batch. For this specification
b2c
the comparison will be between two samples, representing the M5 (A1.2)
first and last portions of the batch being tested. Test results
conforming to the limits of five of the six tests listed in Table
V2 S
V 3A c
100
1
G D
A1.1 shall indicate uniform concrete within the limits of this SI Units:
specification. b2c
M5 (A1.3)
A1.2 Coarse Aggregate Content, using the washout test, V2 S
V 3A c
100
1
G D
shall be computed from the following relations:
where:
P 5 ~ c/b ! 3 100 (A1.1)
M = mass per unit volume of air-free mortar, kg/m3 [lb/ft3 ],
where:
P = mass % of coarse aggregate in concrete, b = mass of concrete sample in mass container, kg [lb],
c = saturated-surface-dry mass in kg [lb] of aggregate c = saturated-surface-dry mass of aggregate retained on
retained on the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve, resulting from 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve, kg [lb],
washing all material finer than this sieve from the fresh V = volume of mass per unit volume container, m3 [ft3],
concrete, and A = air content of concrete, %, measured in accordance
b = mass of sample of fresh concrete in mass per unit with 16.1.4 on the sample being tested, and
volume container, kg [lb]. G = density of coarse aggregate (SSD).

TABLE A1.1 Requirements for Uniformity of Concrete

Requirement, Expressed as
Maximum Permissible Difference in
Test Results of Tests of Samples
Taken from Two Locations
in the Concrete Batch
Mass per cubic meter [mass per cubic foot] calculated to an air-free basis, kg/m3 [lb/ft3] 16[1.0]
Air content, volume % of concrete 1.0
Slump:
If average slump is 100 mm. [4 in] or less, mm [in.] 25[1.0]
If average slump is 100 to 150 mm [4 to 6 in.], mm [in.] 40[1.5]
Coarse aggregate content, portion by mass of each sample retained on 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve, % 6.0
Mass per unit volume of air-free mortar based on average for all comparative samples tested, %. 1.6
Average compressive strength at 7 days for each sample,A based on average strength of all comparative test specimens, % 7.5B
A
Not less than 3 cylinders will be molded and tested from each of the samples.
B
Approval of the mixer shall be tentative, pending results of the 7-day compressive strength tests.

11
 C94/C94M − 16b

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. CALCULATION OF THE AVERAGE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (f 'cr)

NECESSARY TO MEET THE STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS OF 18.4

X1.1 Section 18.4 of this specification contains the same TABLE X1.2 Required Average Compressive Strength When Data
strength requirements as those contained in ACI 318 and Are Not Available to Establish a Standard Deviation
ACI 301, except it does not require the submittal of the data Specified Strength, Required Average Strength, f 'cr
f 'c, MPa [psi] [MPa] psi
and calculation of the average strength, f 'cr necessary to meet < 21 [3000] [f 'c + 7.0] f 'c + 1000
those requirements. This Appendix does not include all of the 21 to 35 [3000 to 5000] [f 'c + 8.3] f 'c + 1200
detailed requirements of the ACI Code and Specification that > 35 [5000] [1.10 f 'c + 5.0] 1.10 f 'c + 700
will govern a submittal for their respective purposes. The
following material is intended to guide users of this specifica-
tion when no formal submittal is required. tion between 1.16 for 15 tests and 1.00 for 30 tests. The test
X1.1.1 Table X1.1 provides the statistically-based formulas record should be obtained from a similar mixture with a
to calculate the required average strength f 'cr when strength specified strength within 7 MPa [1000 psi] of the specified
test records from previous projects are available. The strength strength for the new project for which the average compressive
test results are used to establish the standard deviation, s. At strength is being determined. The equations are related to the
least 30 consecutive test results are required to obtain a robust strength acceptance criteria in 18.4 and establish less than a 1%
estimate of the standard deviation. If the number of tests is chance of failing these criteria if concrete is produced to
between 15 and 30, the calculated standard deviation is achieve the required average strength at the same degree of
multiplied by a factor to allow for the uncertainty of the variability implied by the standard deviation used. Because the
estimated standard deviation. The factor is a linear interpola- average strength, f 'cr, must be high enough to conform to both
averages of three consecutive test results and the requirements
TABLE X1.1 Required Average Compressive Strength when Data on minimum strength of an individual test result, the highest
are Available to Establish a Standard Deviation average strength (f 'cr) determined from these two equations
Specified Strength, f 'c Required Average Strength, f 'cr governs. More detailed guidance on this subject matter is
# 35 MPa [5000 psi] Use the larger from Eq X1.1 and X1.2 [X1.2M]:
f 'cr = f 'c + 1.34s (X1.1)
available in ACI 214R.6
f 'cr = f 'c + 2.33s – 500 (X1.2) X1.1.2 If it is a new mixture or strength level and a strength
[f 'cr = f 'c + 2.33s – 3.5] [X1.2M]
> 35 MPa [5000 psi] Use the larger from Eq X1.1 and X1.3: test record is not available to establish a standard deviation
f 'cr = f 'c + 1.34s (X1.1) then Table X1.2 provides default levels of strength over-
f 'cr = 0.90 f 'c + 2.33s (X1.3) design.
where: X1.1.3 Table X1.3 provides calculated values of over-
f 'c = specified compressive strength,
f 'cr = required average compressive strength, and
design and required average strength for selected standard
s = standard deviation. deviations and specified strength levels that might be consid-
ered typical. More exact values are obtained from X1.1.2.

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 TABLE X1.3 Overdesign Necessary to Conform to Specified Compressive Strength
Inch-Pound Units Required Overdesign SI Units
Specified Standard Deviation from Test Record, psi No data Standard Deviation from Test Record, MPa No Data
Specified
Strength, f 'c, 300 400 500 600 700 SD unknown 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 SD Unknown
Strength, f 'c, MPa
psi Overdesign above f 'c Overdesign above f 'c
<3000 1000 <21 7.0
3000 400 540 670 810 1130 1200 20 2.7 3.4 4.7 5.8 8.2 8.3
4000 400 540 670 810 1130 1200 30 2.7 3.4 4.7 5.8 8.2 8.3
5000 400 540 670 810 1130 1200 35 2.7 3.4 4.7 5.8 8.2 8.3
6000 400 540 670 800 1030 1300 40 2.7 3.4 4.7 5.8 7.7 9.0

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Required Average Strength
Specified Standard Deviation from field data, psi No data Standard Deviation from field data, MPa No Data
Specified
Strength, f 'c, 300 400 500 600 700 SD unknown 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 SD Unknown
Strength, f 'c, MPa
psi f 'cr, Required Average Strength, psi f 'cr, Required Average Strength, MPa
<3000 f 'c + 1000 <21 f 'c + 7.0
3000 3400 3540 3670 3810 4130 4200 20 22.7 23.4 24.7 25.8 28.2 28.3
C94/C94M − 16b

4000 4400 4540 4670 4810 5130 5200 30 32.7 33.4 34.7 35.8 38.2 38.3
5000 5400 5540 5670 5810 6130 6200 35 37.7 38.4 39.7 40.8 43.2 43.3
6000 6400 6540 6670 6800 7030 7300 40 42.7 43.4 44.7 45.8 47.7 49.0
 C94/C94M − 16b

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(C94/C94M–16a) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 15, 2016.)

(1) Revised 9.3 and 14.2.9. (4) Revised 7.1.4.

(2) Adde Note 13. (5) Revised and reorganized 12.7 through 12.10.
(3) Added 14.1.11. (6) Revised 14.1.10, 14.1.12, and 14.1.13.

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