Ready-Mixed Concrete: Standard Specification For
Ready-Mixed Concrete: Standard Specification For
Ready-Mixed Concrete: Standard Specification For
for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
6.1.1 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregate, 6.1.8 If desired, any of the optional requirements of Table 2
6.1.2 Slump, or slumps, desired at the point of delivery (see in Specification C1602/C1602M.
Section 7 for acceptable tolerances),
6.1.9 Purchaser shall state any drum revolution limit as to
6.1.3 Slump flow, or flows, desired at the point of delivery
when the concrete discharge must begin. If no drum revolution
(see Section 7 for acceptable tolerances),
limit is stated by purchaser, the manufacturer shall determine
6.1.4 Total air content at the point of delivery for concrete
and communicate the limit to the purchaser prior to delivery.
that will be exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing or
anticipated exposure of the concrete (see Section 8 for sam- 6.2 If a project specification applies, the order shall include
pling for air content tests and tolerances). applicable requirements for the concrete to be produced in
NOTE 6—Table 1 provides total air contents for concrete that vary by
compliance with the specification.
exposure condition and aggregate size. Total air contents less than those 6.3 If the type, kind, or class of cementitious materials in
shown in Table 1 may be specified or used for concrete that is not subject
5.2.1 and 5.2.2 are not designated by the purchaser, it is
to freezing and thawing. This may be done to improve workability and
cohesiveness, reduce the rate of bleeding, reduce the water content for a permitted to use cementitious materials in concrete mixtures
given consistency, or achieve required lightweight concrete density. that will satisfy the concrete properties and other requirements
Specified total air contents higher than those shown in Table 1 may reduce of the purchaser as ordered.
strength without any further improvement of durability.
Exposure conditions for freezing and thawing environments in Table 1 6.4 Option A:
correspond to the following: 6.4.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer to
Moderate Exposure—Concrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles but not assume full responsibility for the selection of the proportions
in contact with the ground or with limited exposure to water, limiting the
ability to cause saturation of a portion of the concrete prior to freezing. for the concrete mixture (Note 9), the purchaser shall also
The concrete shall not receive deicing salts or other aggressive chemicals. specify the following:
Examples include: exterior beams, columns, walls, girders, footings below 6.4.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as deter-
the frost line, or elevated slabs where application of deicing salt is not mined on samples taken from the transportation unit at the
anticipated. The air content requirements for this exposure are consistent
with those for Exposure Class F1 of ACI 318. point of discharge evaluated in accordance with Section 18.
Severe Exposure—Concrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles while in The purchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of the
contact with the ground or with frequent exposure to water, potentially compressive strength of standard specimens cured under stan-
causing saturation of a portion of the concrete prior to freezing. The dard laboratory conditions for moist curing (see Section 18).
concrete may receive deicing chemicals or other aggressive chemicals.
Examples include: pavements, bridge decks, curbs, gutters, sidewalks,
Unless otherwise specified the age at test shall be 28 days.
canal linings, or exterior water tanks or sumps. The air content require- NOTE 9—The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which he
ments for this exposure are consistent with those for Exposure Classes F2 assumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements for
and F3 of ACI 318. workability, placeability, durability, surface texture, and density, in addi-
6.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basis tion to those for structural design. The purchaser is referred to Standard
for determining the proportions of the concrete to produce the Practice ACI 211.1 and Standard Practice ACI 211.2 for the selection of
proportions that will result in concrete suitable for various types of
required quality, structures and conditions of exposure. The water-cement ratio of most
6.1.6 When lightweight concrete is specified, the equilib- structural lightweight concretes cannot be determined with sufficient
rium density, accuracy for use as a specification basis.
TABLE 1 Total Air Content for Air-Entrained Concrete Exposed to Cycles of Freezing and Thawing
Total Air Content, %
Exposure Nominal Maximum Sizes of Aggregate, mm [in.]
Condition 9.5 [3⁄8 ] 12.5 [1⁄2 ] 19.0 [3⁄4 ] 25.0 [1] 37.5 [11⁄2 ] 50.0 [2] 75.0 [3]
(See Note 6)
Moderate 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5
Severe 7.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5
6.5.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, and proportions as established in Options A, B, or C shall be on file
dosage to be used. The cement content shall not be reduced at the batch plant.
when admixtures are used under this option without the written
approval of the purchaser. 6.8 The purchaser shall ensure that the manufacturer is
provided copies of all reports of tests performed on concrete
6.5.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,
samples taken to determine compliance with specification
prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statement
requirements. Reports shall be provided on a timely basis.
to the purchaser giving the sources, densities, and sieve
analyses of the aggregates and the dry masses of cement and 6.9 The manufacturer shall obtain the purchaser’s permis-
saturated-surface-dry masses of fine and coarse aggregate and sion to incorporate returned fresh concrete.
quantities, type and name of admixture (if any) and of water
per cubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in 7. Slump or Slump Flow
the manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the
7.1 Unless other tolerances are indicated by the purchaser,
purchaser.
the following shall apply.
6.6 Option C: 7.1.1 When slump is stated as a “maximum” or “not to
6.6.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer to exceed” requirement:
assume responsibility for the selection of the proportions for Tolerances for “Maximum” or “Not to Exceed” Slumps
the concrete mixture with the minimum allowable cement
content specified (Note 10), the purchaser shall also specify the For Slump of: Tolerance
following: 75 mm [3 in.] or less +0 and – 40 mm [11⁄2 in.]
6.6.1.1 Required compressive strength as determined on More than 75 mm [3 in.] +0 and – 65 mm [21⁄2 in.]
samples taken from the transportation unit at the point of 7.1.1.1 The maximum or not to exceed slump provision
discharge evaluated in accordance with Section 18. The pur- shall be used only if a job site water addition is permitted by
chaser shall specify the requirements for strength in terms of the specification in accordance with 12.7.
tests of standard specimens cured under standard laboratory
7.1.2 When slump is stated as a target or nominal slump:
conditions for moist curing (see Section 18). Unless otherwise
Tolerances for Target or Nominal Slumps
specified the age at test shall be 28 days.
6.6.1.2 Minimum cement content in kilograms per cubic For Slump of: Tolerance
metre [pounds per cubic yard] of concrete.
50 mm [2 in.] and less ±15 mm [1⁄2 in.]
6.6.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, and More than 50 to 100 mm [2 through 4 in.] ±25 mm [1 in.]
dosage to be used. The cement content shall not be reduced More than 100 mm [4 in.] ±40 mm [11⁄2 in.]
when admixtures are used. 7.1.3 When the purchaser states a slump flow requirement
NOTE 10—Option C can be distinctive and useful only if the designated for self-consolidating concrete:
minimum cement content is at about the same level that would ordinarily Tolerances for Slump Flow
be required for the strength, aggregate size, and slump or slump flow
specified. At the same time, it must be an amount that will be sufficient to For Slump Flow Tolerance
ensure durability under expected service conditions, as well as satisfactory
surface texture and density, in the event specified strength is attained with Less than or equal to 550 mm [22 in.] ±40 mm [1 1⁄2 in.]
it. For additional information refer to Standard Practice ACI 211.1 and More than 550 mm [22 in. ] ±65 mm [2 1⁄2 in.]
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starting either on arrival of the vehicle at the prescribed scale capacity, the quantity of aggregate weighed shall be
destination or at the requested delivery time, whichever is later. within 60.3 % of scale capacity.
8. Air-Entrained Concrete 9.2.2 For cumulative weigh batchers, if the required quan-
tity of aggregate is equal to or greater than 30 % of the scale
8.1 Unless otherwise specified, for air-entrained concrete capacity, the quantity of aggregate weighed shall be within
the total air contents in Table 1 shall apply based on the 61 % of the required mass at each successive weighing. If the
exposure condition stated in the purchase order. It is permitted required quantity of aggregate is less than 30 % of the scale
to reduce the total air content values in Table 1 by one capacity, the quantity of aggregate weighed shall be within
percentage point for concretes with a specified compressive 60.3 % of scale capacity at each successive weighing.
strength greater than or equal to 35 MPa [5000 psi]. Total air
content that differs from the values in Table 1 is permitted for NOTE 13—The batching accuracy limit of 0.3 % of scale capacity
concrete not exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing (Note establishes a reasonable minimum weighing tolerance that is independent
of the quantity of material being weighed.
6).
9.3 Mixing water shall consist of batch water (water
8.2 The air content of air-entrained concrete when sampled weighed or metered at the plant), ice, free moisture on the
from the transportation unit at the point of discharge shall be aggregates, wash water retained in the mixer before batching,
within a tolerance of 61.5 of the specified value. water added at the jobsite in accordance with 12.7 or by an
8.3 When a preliminary sample taken within the time limits automated truck mixer system in accordance with 12.8, and
of 12.7 and prior to discharge for placement shows an air water introduced from admixtures if the quantity added in-
content below the specified level by more than the allowable creases the water-cementitious materials ratio by more than
tolerance in accordance with 8.2, the manufacturer may use 0.01 (Note 14). The batch water shall be measured by mass or
additional air entraining admixture to achieve the desired air volume to an accuracy of 61 % of the mixing water estab-
content level, followed by a minimum of 30 revolutions at lished by the designed mixture proportions. Ice shall be
mixing speed, so long as the revolution limit of 6.1.9 is not measured by mass. In the case of truck mixers, any wash water
exceeded (see Note 11). retained in the drum for use in the next batch of concrete shall
NOTE 11—Acceptance sampling and testing in accordance with Practice
be measured; if this proves impractical or impossible the wash
C172/C172M is not obviated by this provision. Increasing the air content water shall be discharged before loading the next batch of
may increase the slump or slump flow. concrete. Quantity of mixing water shall be accurate to within
63 % of the amount established by the designed mixture
9. Measuring Materials
proportions.
9.1 Except as otherwise specifically permitted, cementitious
NOTE 14—Mixing water is the total amount of water in a batch less the
materials shall be measured by mass. When supplementary water absorbed by the aggregates. Mixing water is used to calculate the
cementitious materials are used in the concrete mixtures, the water-cementitious materials ratio (w/cm).
cumulative mass is permitted to be measured with hydraulic
9.4 Chemical admixtures in powdered form shall be mea-
cement, but in a batch hopper and on a scale which is separate
sured by mass. Liquid chemical admixtures shall be batched by
and distinct from those used for other materials. The mass of
mass or volume. Admixtures measured by either mass or
the hydraulic cement shall be measured before supplementary
volume, shall be batched with an accuracy of 63 % of the total
cementitious materials. When the quantity of cementitious
amount required or plus or minus the amount or dosage
material exceeds 30 % of the full capacity of the scale, the
required for 50 kg [100 lb] of hydraulic cement, whichever is
measured quantity of the hydraulic cement shall be within
greater.
61 % of the required mass, and the cumulative measured
quantity of hydraulic cement plus supplementary cementitious NOTE 15—Admixture dispensers of the mechanical type capable of
materials shall also be within 61 % of the required cumulative adjustment for variation of dosage, and of simple calibration, are
mass at each intermediate weighing. For smaller batches to a recommended.
minimum of 1 m3 [1 yd3], the measured quantity of the
hydraulic cement and the measured cumulative quantity of 10. Batching Plant
hydraulic cement plus supplementary cementitious materials 10.1 Bins with adequate separate compartments shall be
used shall be not less than the required amount nor more than provided in the batching plant for fine and for each required
2001 to 20 000 kg Greater ofB Field standard weights or test load to used capacity, if greater than minimum
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not be used until the condition is corrected, except as provided
12.1.1 Central-Mixed Concrete. in 11.5. If satisfactory performance is found in one truck mixer,
12.1.2 Shrink-Mixed Concrete. the performance of mixers of substantially the same design and
12.1.3 Truck-Mixed Concrete. condition of blades are permitted to be regarded as satisfactory.
Additional revolutions of the mixer beyond the number found
12.2 Mixers and agitators shall be operated within the limits
to produce the required uniformity of concrete shall be at a
of capacity and speed of rotation designated by the manufac-
designated agitating speed.
turer of the equipment.
NOTE 19—Truck mixers of similar design bearing a Performance Rating
12.3 Central-Mixed Concrete—Concrete that is mixed com- plate of the Truck Mixer Manufacturers Bureau have been tested for their
pletely in a stationary mixer and transported to the point of ability to produce uniformly mixed concrete in accordance with Annex
delivery either in a truck agitator, or a truck mixer operating at A1.
agitating speed, or in non-agitating equipment approved by the
12.6 When a truck mixer or truck agitator is used for
purchaser and meeting the requirements of Section 13, shall
transporting concrete that has been completely mixed in a
conform to the following: The mixing time shall be counted
stationary mixer, any turning during transportation shall be at
from the time all the solid materials are in the drum. The batch
the speed designated by the manufacturer of the equipment as
shall be so charged into the mixer that some water will enter in
agitating speed.
advance of the cement and aggregate and the target batch water
shall be in the drum by the end of the first one fourth of the 12.7 For concrete delivered in truck mixers, no water from
specified mixing time; or in accordance with the central the truck water system or elsewhere shall be added after the
concrete mixer manufacturer’s recommended charging se- initial introduction of water during batching, except as permit-
quence. ted in 12.8, and if on arrival at the job site the slump or slump
12.3.1 If no mixer performance tests are made, the accept- flow needs to be increased to comply with the requirement
able mixing time for mixers having capacities of 0.76 m3 [1 stated in the purchase order. Unless otherwise stated, obtain the
yd3] or less shall be not less than 1 min. For mixers of greater required slump or slump flow within the tolerances stated in
capacity, this minimum shall be increased 15 s for each cubic 7.1.1, 7.1.2, or 7.1.3with the addition of water, or water-
metre [cubic yard] or fraction thereof of additional capacity reducing admixture, or both. The maximum quantity of water
(See Note 18). or water-reducing admixture that can be added at the job site
shall be determined by the manufacturer and shall not exceed
NOTE 18—Stationary mixers of similar design bearing a Performance the maximum water content for the batch as established by the
Rating plate of the Concrete Plant Manufacturers Bureau have been tested
for their ability to produce uniformly mixed concrete in accordance with designed mixture proportions. Adjusting the concrete mixture
Annex A1 for low slump (< 50 mm [2 in.]) and normal slump (100–150 with water or water-reducing admixture shall be done before
mm [4–6 in.]) concrete in a mixing time between 30 and 90 s. discharge of concrete, except when obtaining a preliminary
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15. Plant Inspection 17.5 Strength tests as well as slump or slump flow,
15.1 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reason- temperature, density, and air content tests shall generally be
able access, without charge, for making necessary checks of made with a frequency of not less than one test for each 115 m3
the production facilities and for securing necessary samples to [150 yd3]. Each test shall be made from a separate batch. On
determine if the concrete is being produced in accordance with each day concrete is delivered, at least one strength test shall be
this specification. All tests and inspection shall be so conducted made for each class of concrete.
as not to interfere unnecessarily with the manufacture and 17.6 If preliminary checks of slump, slump flow, or air
delivery of concrete. content are made, a single sample shall be taken after the
discharge of not less than 1⁄4 m3 or 1⁄4 yd3. All other require-
16. Practices, Test Methods, and Reporting ments of Practice C172/C172M shall be retained. If the
16.1 Test ready-mixed concrete in accordance with the preliminary measurement of slump (12.7) or air content (8.3)
following methods: falls outside the specified limits, address as indicated in section
16.1.1 Compression Test Specimens—Practice C31/C31M, 17.6.1 or 17.6.2 as appropriate.
using standard moist curing in accordance with the applicable 17.6.1 If the measured slump or slump flow, or air content,
provisions of Practice C31/C31M. or both is greater than the specified upper limit, a check test
16.1.2 Compression Tests—Test Method C39/C39M. shall be made immediately on a new test sample. In the event
16.1.3 Yield, Mass per Cubic Foot—Test Method C138/ the check test fails, the concrete shall be considered to have
C138M. failed the requirements of the specification.
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by an equivalent written and performance test program. requirements of Section 18 fails to meet the strength require-
18.2 For a strength test, at least two standard test specimens ments of this specification, the manufacturer of the ready-
shall be made from a composite sample secured as required in mixed concrete and the purchaser shall confer to determine
Section 17. A test shall be the average of the strengths of the whether agreement can be reached as to what adjustment or
specimens tested at the age specified in 6.4.1.1 or 6.6.1.1 (Note adjustments, if any, shall be made to the mixture proportions,
25). If a specimen shows definite evidence other than low production process, or testing procedures.
strength, of improper sampling, molding, handling, curing, or NOTE 27—ACI 318-14, Sections 26.12.4 and R26.12.4 (commentary)
testing, it shall be discarded and the strength of the remaining address when and how low strength test results can be investigated.
cylinder shall then be considered the test result.
20. Keywords
NOTE 25—Additional tests may be made at other ages to obtain 20.1 accuracy; blended hydraulic cement; certification;
information for determining form removal time or when a structure may
be put in service. Specimens for such tests are cured according to the
ready-mixed concrete; scales; testing
section on Field Curing in Practice C31/C31M.
6
ACI 214R-11, “Guide to Evaluation of Strength Test Results of Concrete,”
18.3 The representative of the purchaser shall ascertain and available from American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI,
record the delivery-ticket number for the concrete and the exact www.concrete.org, 2011, 16 pp.
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
A1.1 Significance and Use A1.1.2 The sequence and method of charging mixers has a
A1.1.1 This annex provides procedures to evaluate the significant effect on the ability to produce uniformly mixed
ability of stationary and truck mixers to produce uniformly concrete. The procedures in this annex can also be used to
mixed concrete. The procedures described herein can also be evaluate the effect of batching sequence for charging or loading
used to determine the required minimum mixing revolutions in mixers of acceptable condition.
truck mixers for shrink mixed concrete and for evaluating the A1.1.3 It is not the intent that this complete evaluation be
uniformity of concrete mixtures delivered in nonagitating performed on mixers at an established frequency. For equip-
equipment. ment in operation, a visual inspection of the condition of the
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1.1 Section 18.4 of this specification contains the same TABLE X1.2 Required Average Compressive Strength When Data
strength requirements as those contained in ACI 318 and Are Not Available to Establish Standard Deviation
ACI 301, except it does not require the submittal of the data Specified Strength, Required Average Strength, f 'cr
f 'c, MPa [psi] [MPa] psi
and calculation of the average strength, f 'cr necessary to meet < 21 [3000] [f 'c + 7.0] f 'c + 1000
those requirements. This Appendix does not include all of the 21 to 35 [3000 to 5000] [f 'c + 8.3] f 'c + 1200
detailed requirements of the ACI Code and Specification that > 35 [5000] [1.10 f 'c + 5.0] 1.10 f 'c + 700
will govern a submittal for their respective purposes. The
following material is intended to guide users of this specifica-
tion when no formal submittal is required. tion between 1.16 for 15 tests and 1.00 for 30 tests. The test
X1.1.1 Table X1.1 provides the statistically-based formulas record should be obtained from a similar mixture with a
to calculate the required average strength f 'cr when strength specified strength within 7 MPa [1000 psi] of the specified
test records from previous projects are available. The strength strength for the new project for which the average compressive
test results are used to establish the standard deviation, s. At strength is being determined. The equations are related to the
least 30 consecutive test results are required to obtain a robust strength acceptance criteria in 18.4 and establish less than a 1%
estimate of the standard deviation. If the number of tests is chance of failing these criteria if concrete is produced to
between 15 and 30, the calculated standard deviation is achieve the required average strength at the same degree of
multiplied by a factor to allow for the uncertainty of the variability implied by the standard deviation used. Because the
estimated standard deviation. The factor is a linear interpola- average strength, f 'cr, must be high enough to conform to both
averages of three consecutive test results and the requirements
TABLE X1.1 Required Average Compressive Strength when Data on minimum strength of an individual test result, the highest
are Available to Establish a Standard Deviation average strength (f 'cr) determined from these two equations
Specified Strength, f 'c Required Average Strength, f 'cr governs. More detailed guidance on this subject matter is
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# 35 MPa [5000 psi] Use the larger from Eq X1.1 and X1.2 [X1.2M]:
f 'cr = f 'c + 1.34s (X1.1)
available in ACI 214R.6
f 'cr = f 'c + 2.33s – 500 (X1.2) X1.1.2 If it is a new mixture or strength level and a strength
[f 'cr = f 'c + 2.33s – 3.5] [X1.2M]
> 35 MPa [5000 psi] Use the larger from Eq X1.1 and X1.3: test record is not available to establish a standard deviation
f 'cr = f 'c + 1.34s (X1.1) then Table X1.2 provides default levels of strength over-
f 'cr = 0.90 f 'c + 2.33s (X1.3) design.
where: X1.1.3 Table X1.3 provides calculated values of over-
f 'c = specified compressive strength,
f 'cr = required average compressive strength, and
design and required average strength for selected standard
s = standard deviation. deviations and specified strength levels that might be consid-
ered typical. More exact values are obtained from X1.1.2.
14
Required Average Strength
Specified Standard Deviation from field data, psi No data Standard Deviation from field data, MPa No Data
Specified
Strength, f 'c, 300 400 500 600 700 SD unknown 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 SD Unknown
Strength, f 'c, MPa
psi f 'cr, Required Average Strength, psi f 'cr, Required Average Strength, MPa
<3000 f 'c + 1000 <21 f 'c + 7.0
3000 3400 3540 3670 3810 4130 4200 20 22.7 23.4 24.7 25.8 28.2 28.3
C94/C94M − 17a
4000 4400 4540 4670 4810 5130 5200 30 32.7 33.4 34.7 35.8 38.2 38.3
Licensee=ITESM/5911350001
5000 5400 5540 5670 5810 6130 6200 35 37.7 38.4 39.7 40.8 43.2 43.3
6000 6400 6540 6670 6800 7030 7300 40 42.7 43.4 44.7 45.8 47.7 49.0
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(C94/C94M – 17) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Aug. 1, 2017.)
(1) Added Specification C1798/C1798M to list of ASTM (3) Added new Note 5 and renumbered subsequent notes
referenced documents in 2.1. accordingly.
(2) Added 5.7, 6.9.
Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
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(C94/C94M–16b) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2017.)
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