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    Pelton Turbine: I I H H I B B B B B 1 2

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    Black Canary
    The document describes a Pelton turbine experiment to determine the turbine's performance characteristics. A Pelton wheel is driven by a jet of water from a nozzle, causing it to rotate and develop power output. The turbine's torque and power are measured at varying speeds using a brake system and dynamometers. Graphs of torque, power, and efficiency are plotted as functions of turbine speed for different water flow rates through the turbine.

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    Pelton Turbine: I I H H I B B B B B 1 2

    Uploaded by

    Black Canary
    29 views2 pages
    The document describes a Pelton turbine experiment to determine the turbine's performance characteristics. A Pelton wheel is driven by a jet of water from a nozzle, causing it to rotate and develop power output. The turbine's torque and power are measured at varying speeds using a brake system and dynamometers. Graphs of torque, power, and efficiency are plotted as functions of turbine speed for different water flow rates through the turbine.

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    The document describes a Pelton turbine experiment to determine the turbine's performance characteristics. A Pelton wheel is driven by a jet of water from a nozzle, causing it to rotate and develop power output. The turbine's torque and power are measured at varying speeds using a brake system and dynamometers. Graphs of torque, power, and efficiency are plotted as functions of turbine speed for different water flow rates through the turbine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    29 views2 pages

    Pelton Turbine: I I H H I B B B B B 1 2

    Uploaded by

    Black Canary
    The document describes a Pelton turbine experiment to determine the turbine's performance characteristics. A Pelton wheel is driven by a jet of water from a nozzle, causing it to rotate and develop power output. The turbine's torque and power are measured at varying speeds using a brake system and dynamometers. Graphs of torque, power, and efficiency are plotted as functions of turbine speed for different water flow rates through the turbine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Pelton turbine

    1. Introduction
    The Pelton turbine is an “impulse turbine” largely employed for the energy production when low flows with high
    heads are available (e.g. in alpine hydroelectric basins). In this experiment the performance characteristics of a
    Pelton wheel hydraulic turbine are to be determined. The torque and power are to be presented as a function of
    turbine speed.

    2. Equipment description
    The Pelton wheel hydraulic turbine is driven by a jet of water issuing from a nozzle and striking the buckets on the
    wheel causing it to rotate and thus develops a power output. This creates a torque on the wheel. The nozzle has a
    central needle (Doble needle) which functions like a spear valve and enables the adjustment of the flow. It also has d
    a pressure gauge to measure the inlet pressure.

    Fig 1: Section view of the Pelton wheel hydraulic turbine and its components

    The flow leaves the turbine casing it empties into a hydraulic bench where its volume is measured along with the
    time using a digital timer. This will then give the volumetric flow rate through the turbine. The turbine wheel
    speed is measured by a digital tachometer. The torque on the turbine wheel is measured by a brake system with
    spring balances.

    3. Theory
    The flow, Q, of a fluid discharged on the turbine is;
    Q = V/t.
    The pressure head provided to the turbine, H i, to produce work, is the pressure head of water at the nozzle inlet
    (i.e.the one generated by the pump of the hydraulic bench) it can be measured by the pressure gauge; Hi = P/g.
    Thus, the hydraulic power, Ph, provided to the turbine is;
    Ph = ρgHiQ = PQ (Nm/s = W).
    The power, Pb, absorbed by the brake is;
    Pb = 2 πnτb (N⋅m/s = W),
    where n is the number of revolutions and τb is the torque measured with the friction dynamometer that can be
    calculated from; τb = r ΔF (N⋅m), where r is the radius of the friction dynamometer wheel (30 mm). And ΔF = F 1 – F2
    difference between the force values measured with the spring dynamometers.
    The efficiency of the turbine is the fraction of available pressure head that is converted to mechanical power
    (absorbed by the brake);
    ηt = 100 x 2πnτb / PQ (%)

    4. Technical Characteristics
    The main technical characteristics of the unit are the following:
     Diameter of stainless steel Pelton turbine, D = 100 mm,
     Number of buckets, n = 20
     Turbine speed = about 0-2000 rpm
     Pressure gauge, range 0-2.5 bar
     2 dynamometers, range 0-10 N, division 0.1 N

    5. Procedure
    1. Switch ON the pump of the hydraulic bench and slowly open spear valve of Pelton Turbine.
    2. Adjust the screw of the friction dynamometer so that the wheel does not touch the belt
    3. Set the optical tachometer near the brake wheel
    4. Adjust the nozzle valve so that the tachometer reading shows the maximum speed value
    5. Measure the water flow using the volumetric tank
    6. Note the speed, brake force, flow rate and input pressure values
    7. Adjust the screw of the friction dynamometer so that the turbine speed drops by about 200 rpm.
    8. Note the speed, brake force, flow rate and inlet pressure values
    9. Repeat the procedure until the screw, in order to set the dynamometers under tension, gets to the end or
    the turbine stops
    10. Plot a graph with torque, power and efficiency as function of the turbine speed
    11. Repeat the experiment for other values of Q

    6. Observations and Calculations


    ΔF (N) τb (N⋅m) Ph (Nm/s) Pb (Nm/s) ηt
    Q (m3/s) P (N/m2) N (s-1)
    ΔF = F1 – F2 τb = r ΔF Ph = PQ Pb = 2 πnτb ηt = 100xPb/Ph

    Draw graphs of torque and power as a function of turbine speed at different flow rates.

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