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Humanities and Art Appreciation: An • It was not created just for leisure, but Art
Introduction has been proven to be with us since the
very beginning because everything we
HUMANITIES do and all that surrounds us is a product
• Latin term “Humanus,” meaning of our Art.
educated, human, cultured, and refined.
• Examples of humanities STAGES TO SHOWCASE CREATIVITY AS AN
o Architecture ARTIST
o Dancing Ramos and Obiena, 2020
o Literature 1. Development Stage (Creation Stage)
o Music • Artists create their artwork through
o Painting thinking.
o Theater • Artists are highly sensitive people,
o and sculpting incredibly aware of everything
• interested in how their emotions are surrounding them (Sanchez, Abad, and
communicated Jao, 2004).
• study of different cultural aspects of man, • They usually wow people by employing
his frailties in life, and the improvement it their creative imagination.
has to undergo
• a discipline of study that deals with 2. Adaptation Stage (Materials Creation)
people's thoughts, feelings, and • In this stage, the artist frequently uses
relationships various mediums or materials to convey
• Humanities would help uplift value and an idea.
dignity (Bascara and Avillanoza, 2006) • For example, a painter uses pigments, a
• According to scientific studies, the sculptor uses stones, metal, or wood,
influence of art on the brain impacts the authors use words, an architect uses
human quality of life. different building materials, and a
choreographer uses movement and
ART people in their creation.
• Latin “Arti,” which means skill, naiveté,
and mastery 3. Completion Stage (Form Creation)
• Arts can be used for a variety of purposes • The variety of forms artists employ to
in addition to design. communicate their ideas.
• From the earliest to the present, art has • It is viewed as a form of artistic expression
always been a component of our culture. that is classified as fine art.
• It constitutes one of the oldest and most • This form is used to describe the artwork’s
important means of expression physical characteristics.
developed by man. • Artists have developed various forms that
• Art is like love; it’s not easy to define. can be considered their finished product.
• Art requires the creativity of a particular
person, and creativity is defined as the FUNCTION OF ARTS
fundamental basis of arts. • refer to the intended utilization of the
• Creativity is a trait of an artis that will artwork and have major classification
continually develop in his life to express according to functional and non-
feelings or a way of solving problems. functional.
• Art is not just for those born with talent, • Functional is according to its usefulness.
but it also developed to sum things up.
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• Non-functional, which refers to “art for 8. Religious/Spiritual Function

art.” • Religious value can be bolstered through
the arts.
1. Individual or personal function • One example is renowned Filipino artist
• an artist acts because they are Joey Velasco’s Hapag ng Pag-asa (The
passionate about the art genre in Table of Hope, in photo), which depicts
question. a distinct depiction of Christ’s Last Supper.
• Art is a form of self-expression or It’s also a replica of Leonardo da Vinci’s
fulfillment for them painting.

2. Public/Social Function 9. Aesthetic Function

• these go beyond the inherent value of • Any work of art is beautiful. It’s a visual
the arts to the social benefits they flavor for ornately decorated interiors
provide. that can highlight the most beautiful
• Through the performance of their art, the qualities of various décor pieces.
artist engages with others and raises • It faithfully replicated graphical visuals
societal consciousness. that convey information through
spectacular persuasions and meaningful
3. Commercial Function sentences.
• art contributes to the state’s economy
directly and indirectly. PURPOSE OF ARTS
1. Creates Beauty
4. Political Function • Art is a way for us to express ourselves. It
• art provides a platform for exchanging is the expression of thoughts that cannot
ideas to increase power, position, be expressed solely through words.
employment, and prestige.
• For example, the running candidate 2. Commemorates Experience
employs art to create his poster during a • Art is used to transmitting the artist’s
campaign. personal experiences and record the
artist’s impressions in his work.
5. Historical Function
• Art is an essential tool for recording and 3. Creates Harmony
preserving information. • An artist uses composition as a technique
• Its purpose is to record or re-create used by artists to organize the disparate
historical individuals and events. elements of their works.

6. Cultural Function 4. Provides Decoration

• Art is the expression and dissemination of • Artworks help to create a fun
new ideas and values. atmosphere.
• Its purpose is to beautify objects to satisfy
7. Structural/Physical Function and entertain visitors with their colors and
• Buildings are planned and built-in patterns.
innovative ways to make living safer and
more meaningful. 5. Reveals Truth
• Architects, industrial and graphic • Artwork aimed to demonstrate how the
designers, and interior designers create a world works and to seek the truth.
beautiful and functional space.
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• It is a language that transmits signals to TYPES OF ARTS AND CRAFT

the recipients’ spirits, assisting them in
changing their attitudes, sensitivity, and TEXTILE CRAFT
ethics. • Many countries are noted for their
traditional textiles, including unique
6. Expresses Values designs that reflect their culture.
• Artists will be encouraged to enhance • Textile is derived from the Latin word
their creativity, challenge, and texere, which means to braid or create.
communication skills through the arts. • Any craft that uses fabric, yarn, or
• It also boosts one’s self-esteem and surface design falls under this category.
overall health. • It makes practical and ornamental items
out of synthetic fibers.
Aesthetic Arts and Crafts These crafts include the following:
a. Cross-stitch
ESTHETICS • This craft is a popular form of counted
• meaning perception, is derived from the thread embroidery in which an X-
Greek word “eisthesis.” shaped stitch pattern is used to form a
• Alexander Baumgarten, a German picture.
philosopher, popularized it in the 18th b. Crocket
century, a science dedicated to • creates fabric from yarn, thread, or other
studying art and beauty (1714-1762) material strands using a crochet hook.
• The laws that regulate nature and c. Sewing
beauty, especially visual art, are thus • is the craft of fastening or attaching
referred to as esthetic arts (Rader, 1979). objects using stitches made with a
needle and thread.
CRAFT d. Weaving
• On the other side, the phrase “Handwerk” • is a fabric-making technique that
comes from the English word Kraft (Craft), involves interlacing threads at right
meaning “power” or “capacity”. angles to create a fabric or cloth.
• It is most frequently employed in e. Tatting
decorative arts or artistic pursuits. • is a handcrafting skill that entails creating
• It also refers to using your hands to utilize durable lace using a series of knots and
your skills for pleasure purposes or loops.
• usage. f. Shoemaking
• It prefers to do things for other human • It is the ability to create footwear.
purposes and shows its beauty for g. Lace
another purpose than the object itself • is a hand or machine-made fabric
(Dutton, 1990). patterned with open holes in the work.
• Due to the design reform of William Morris, h. Macrame
arts & crafts arose throughout Europe • is a type of textile-making that requires
during the 19th century. only a few simple instruments and a basic
• Morris, a communist, felt a designer understanding of knotting.
should produce finely interwoven i. Millinery
designs using any medium for fruit, flower, • It is the art and craft of making hats.
or leaf pattern.
• If crafts are mass-produced, they can be
classified as industrial design.
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j. String art The following crafts are also included:

• It's a pre-arranged pattern of colored a. Jewelry
threads woven between points to create • Brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, and
an abstract geometric design. bracelets are examples of personal
jewelry.
WOOD CRAFTS b. Metal Casting
• It is a skill that is related to the woods. • is a method of transferring materials such
The following are examples of woodcrafts: as bronze, copper, glass, aluminum, and
a. Carpentry iron into a mold with a hollow space of
• Cutting, shaping, and installing building the desired shape, which is then allowed
materials during structures is a skilled to solidify.
trade. c. Welded sculpture
b. Marquetry • Welding processes are used to create
• refers to the art and craft of applying statues in this artform.
veneer pieces (thin slices of wood) to a
structure to form decorative designs. PAPER CRAFT
c. Woodturning • It's a tough plain-woven fabric that's
• is a type of woodworking in which used to make backpacks, tents,
wooden items are created. marquees, and other environmentally
d. Wood carving friendly things.
• is a style of woodworking in which a knife The following crafts are also included:
or a chisel is used to carve a wooden a. Bookbinding
figure or object. • It's the process of putting together a
e. Cabinetry book from folded or unfolded paper or
• It is the ability to construct a box-shaped other materials.
piece of furniture with doors and drawers b. Card making
to store various items. • It's a method of making greeting cards
f. Upholstery by hand.
• It's the art of making a cushion or piece c. Collage
of furniture. • It is a method of creating artwork by
combining various forms from various
materials.
METAL CRAFTS d. Origami
• These terms allude to creating artistic • It is an art of paper folding practiced by
metal designs for practical and aesthetic the Japanese as a culture.
objectives. e. Paper Mache
• Among Asian metal crafts, metalwork • It's a composite material made of paper
offers elaborate and exciting designs. or pulp fragments, occasionally
• Jewelry such as anklets, bracelets, and strengthened with fabrics and held
neckpieces was also metalwork. together with glue.
• Each metal object has geometric motifs f. Scrapbooking
engraved on it or is designed to be • The process of organizing, preserving
attractive or valuable. and presenting personal or family history
• Examples include bronze, gold, tin, silver, in the form of a book is referred to as
lead, brass, and iron. bookbinding.
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g. Rubber stamping • Each element is necessary to its value

• It is a craft wherein the ink is applied to and essential to the work.
the carved pattern or molded into a • An art piece is in harmony when the
rubber sheet. different parts produce an overall
positive impact or effect
PLANTS CRAFTS • In visual arts, harmony is the unity of the
• These refer to a skill, using plant parts as artwork, specifically in reference to the
the medium. arrangement of its parts
These include the following: • While in music, harmony refers to the
a. Corn dolly making simultaneous sounding or playing
• It relates to creating shapes and figures different notes to produce a sound.
(known as ―dollies‖) from straw (such as
barley, oats, and wheat). 2. Variety
b. Floral design • It is a stable concoction that
• It is the art of using plant materials and demonstrates the mixing principle.
flowers to create a pleasing and • There should be a dominant theme for
balanced composition. you to base to make it more appealing,
c. Pressed flower craft so even if your presentation or designs will
• It consists of drying flower petals or leaves be varied, all are related and connected.
in a flower press to flatten. It’s done using varied lines, colors, and
forms inside an artwork to draw attention
PRINCIPLES OF ART to certain places or add visual interest.
• Principles are applied to determine the • Variety may be referred to as diversity
organization and standardization of • This means adding multiple, different
visual aspects in art. elements to break the monotony of an
• This set of criteria is essential for the study artwork and make it more interesting
and evaluation of art.
• The principle of art explains how an artist 3. Balance
uses art to generate an outcome and • The proportion of conflicting visual forces
communicate the artist’s aim. is what this term alludes to.
• Arts components are visual tools that • The axis or the center point is established
artists utilize to construct a composition. to maintain balance.
• Visual aspects include line, shape, color, • When forms, colors, textures, or shapes
value, texture, and space. are harmoniously mixed, it is called art.
• The principles of art are created by • There are three approaches to achieving
blending components of art. balance:
The following are the basic principle of arts: o symmetrical or formal balance – is
1. Harmony present when the weight of the
• Visual harmony is established when all designs is equally distributed
parts of one artwork are interconnected. o asymmetrical or informal balance
• Harmony creates a cohesive – is present when the designs are
composition by employing similar not equally distributed on both
geometric shapes, lines, and colors. sides.
• This means that each element must be o and radically symmetrical
unified and must “hang together” as one • refers to the even and equal distribution
entity. of elements
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4. Movement • In a painting, they can be utilized to

• It’s utilized to give a sense of direction to create a variety of textures.
a piece of art. • Repetition of lines in artwork, for example,
• The artist uses visual progression to draw might make a rhythm by implying
the viewer’s attention to the artwork’s movement.
focal point.
• Movement serves as one of the Painting
fundamental principles in dance and
• theater. PAINTING
• In visual arts, an artwork has movement • is the practice of applying paint,
when it incorporates the passage of time, pigment, color, or another medium to a
even in an illusory manner. solid surface (called the "matrix" or
"support"
5. Emphasis • Painting is a visual art form that shows
• refers to an artist’s requirement to create how artists use their creative and
a focal point inside a work of art. imaginative brains to communicate their
• This creative aspect is a vital part of the art subjects in various ways.
work, and spectators’ attention should
be drawn to it. SIX ELEMENTS OF ARTS/PAINTING
• Is a principle which may refer to the (line, color, texture, perspective, form, and symbols)
greater impact given on a certain LINE
element A mark made by a pointed tool such as
•
Subordination a brush, pen or stick; a moving point.
• Serves as the opposite of emphasis as it • is the most basic and essential element
refers to how certain elements only serve of art.
as a supplement to the emphasized • Also, the shortest distance between two
element in a design points connects these points.
• It can also be implied in the space
6. Proportion between two points even if they are not
• When the sizes of the elements in the connected.
artwork are harmoniously harmonized, a • A line always implies direction and has a
proportion is established. distinct type and meaning.
• To show the human form in the a. Vertical lines
appropriate proportion, the artist • these are lines posed for stress action,
typically tries to rationally make all of the strength, and dynamism.
composition links. • They also tend to express and as well as
• Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man is an arouse emotions.
excellent picture for displaying the b. Horizontal lines
human body's proportions. • show repose, serenity, calmness, stability,
and quiescence.
7. Rhythm c. Diagonal lines
• is the application of visual patterns to a • these are lines that suggest action and
piece of art. express tension and movement.
• Models are made by repeating specific • They give animation to any composition
colors, lines, or shapes in specified in which they appear.
regions of an artwork.
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d. Curve line COLOR

• suggests grace and joyousness and • is one of the most dominant elements. It
appears soft, flexible, and gentle. is created by light. There are three
• They are never harsh or stern since they properties of color; Hue(name), Value
are formed by gradual changes in (shades and tints), and Intensity
direction. (brightness)
• They impart qualities to every work where • is a property of light.
they are used. • It is the appearance or hue of an object
e. A zigzag line concerning the wavelength of light
• is a line that travels straight with severe being reflected.
bends and angles. • It is the most challenging element of art
• It conveys confusion and nervousness. to define.
• It may also imply danger and destruction. • Saturation – the intensity or purity of a
hue
SHAPE
• A flat, enclosed area that has two TEXTURE
dimensions, length and width. Artists use • Describes the feel of an actual surface.
both geometric and organic shapes. The surface quality of an object; can be
• are two-dimensional works of art, flat real or implied.
areas created when two ends of a line • is the element that deals more directly
are linked and space is enclosed. with the sense of touch.
• The shape can also describe an area of • It refers to the canvas look or the
a composition that is created by other smoothness of the material.
shapes surrounding it. • It is a two-sided or three-sided pattern
• It refers to the physical form or figure, element distinguished by its perceived
implying weight or volume. visual and physical appearance.
• Shapes aid in the expression of thoughts Texture has four distinct types such as:
or opinions. a. Abstract texture
• It promotes interaction and elicits anxiety, • refers to modifying the actual texture for
focus, and energy. aesthetic and decorative purposes.
The shape has various kinds, such as: b. Real texture
a. Geometric shapes • refers to the actual feel and look of the
• refer to any shape that remains virtually surface of an object. This texture is a
unchanged if moved or flipped off a mixture of how the paint is seen and feels
surface. to the touch.
b. Organic shapes c. Invented texture
• refer to any shapes with a natural look or • a creative means of adding alternate
curving appearance. materials to create an exciting and
• These shapes are often referred to as intriguing texture, just like in an abstract
curvilinear or free from shape. artwork wherein the artist uses their
c. Biomorphic shapes imagination.
• refer to any non-representational form or d. Simulated texture
pattern that resembles a living organism • refers to the surface character that looks
in shape or appearance. real but it is not.
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PERSPECTIVE • This color wheel system, based on three

• It deals with the effect of distance upon primary colors, is known as the Brewster
the appearance of the objects, using System.
which the eye judges spatial relationships. • It was developed by David Brewster.
• It’s a technique for creating a three- • It is also called the Prang System.
dimensional illusion with depth and • Each color on the color wheel is a true
space. “hue”.
The level of perspective is projected, which is:
a. Foreground PRIMARY COLORS
• the visual equilibrium that appears to be • Red, Blue and Yellow
closer to the viewers • It cannot be man-made by mixing other
b. The middle ground color together
• is the area that lies between the • A pigment is color from a biological
foreground and the backdrop. source, which when used in housing and
c. Background design applications can be natural or
• the visual balance that appears farther synthetic (manmade)
from the viewers.
d. Linear perspective SECONDARY COLORS
• the representation of distance • Orange, Green, and Violet
appearance through converging lines. • It can be “made” by mixing two primary
e. Aerial perspective colors together.
• represents relative distances of objects • Blue and red make violet;
by gradations of tone and color. • red and yellow make orange;
• yellow and blue make green.
SYMBOLS
• These are made up of specific meanings TERTIARY COLORS
or messages. • Yellow-green, Blue-green, Blue-Violet,
• It’s utilized to express concepts like death, Red-Violet, Red-orange, Yellow-orange
hope, and life, among others. • The tertiary colors are also referred to as
the intermediate colors.
COLOR WHEEL AND ITS CLASSIFICATION • Tertiary colors are made by mixing a
• primary with a secondary color; the
Colors are classified based on their categories • primary color is always listed first.
such as: • For example, when the primary color of
yellow is mixed with the secondary color
named green, the new tertiary color is
called yellow-green.
• Tertiary colors can be expanded further,
such as mixing blue and blue-green
together. The result would be the color
blue-blue-green. Perhaps we would
name that color “teal” to be less
confusing.
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A color wheel (circular color) is arranged on an ANALOGOUS

achromatic basis. It is evenly divided into 12 • A color scheme using 3 or more colors
parts, displaying varied colors by value. The next to each other on the color wheel.
other classes are the following colors:

NEUTRAL COLORS
• Neutral colors include black, white, and
brown.
• They also include all the tints and shades
of black, white, and brown… so include
COMPLEMENTARY COLORS colors known as tan, beige, gray,
• are those located directly opposite each cream, etc.
other on the color wheel. • Neutral colors can be made by mixing:
o black and white
o complementary colors
o all three primaries together (plus
some black or white)
• Neutral colors blend well with all other
colors. They enhance and strengthen
the other colors around them.
• Stone such as slate, brick, marble, etc.;
metallics such as brass, pewter, gold,
chrome etc.; and glass fall into the
neutral category.
• Black is the absence of “light”; white is
the absence of “color”.
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WARM COLORS MEDIUMS IN PAINTING

• Colors on the warm side of the In art, the term medium; refers to the
•
spectrum…red, yellow, orange. materials used by the artist to make a
• They usually also include the neutral work of art.
black and brown tones. • It’s a term used to define a particular
• Warm colors are especially good in type of art.
rooms with northern exposures. There are different mediums used in painting
today:
1. Oil
• linseed oil, poppy seed, safflower, and
walnut oil.
2. Pastel
• It consists of a pure powdered color and
a binder.
3. Acrylic
• is a fast-drying paint containing pigment
suspension in acrylic polymer emulsion,
which becomes water-resistant.
4. Watercolor
• a medium in which the paints are made
of colors suspended in a water-soluble
COOL COLORS vehicle.
• Colors on the cool side of the 5. Ink
spectrum…blue, violet, green. • a liquid that comprises colors and dyes
• They usually include the neutral white and is applied to a surface to create an
and gray tones. image, text, or design. It is for drawing
• Cool colors are especially good in rooms and writing with a brush or pen.
with southern exposures. 6. Encaustic
• It is heated beeswax to which colored
stains are added. The paste is applied to
a wood-based canvas.
7. Fresco
• comes from the Italian word affresco,
which means ―fresh.
• It also refers to several related mural
painting types executed on walls,
ceilings, or flat surfaces.
8. Gouache
• is a water-based paint consisting of
pigment and other materials designed in
an opaque painting technique.
9. Enamel
• is a paint that air dries to a durable,
usually glossy, and reliable finish. It is used
for outdoor coating surfaces or is
otherwise subject to variations in
temperature.
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10. Spray paint value of 'modern' art-the cubist

• is the type of paint that comes in a distortions of Picasso, the surrealist figures
sealed pressurized battle and is released of Joan Miro, the abstracts of Kandinsky
in a fine spray. or the 'action' paintings of Jackson
11. Tempera Pollock." While representational art still
• is a permanent, fast-drying painting exists today, it no longer the only
medium consisting of colored pigment measure of value.
mixed with a water-soluble binder The Ugly Duchess
method. Quentin Massays (1513)

Philosophy of Art

• The definition of art has been debated

for centuries among philosophers.
• "What is art?" is the most basic question in
the philosophy of aesthetics, which really
means, "how do we determine what is
defined as art?"
• This implies two subtexts:
o the essential nature of art,
o and its social importance (or lack
of it).
• The definition of art has generally fallen QUOTES
into three categories: There are as many ways to define art as there
o representation, are people in the universe, and each definition
o expression, is influenced by the unique perspective of that
o and form. person, as well as by their own personality and
character. For example:
ART AS REPRESENTATION: MIMESIS
• Plato first developed the idea of art as Art evokes the mystery without which the world
"mimesis," which, in Greek, means would not exist. - Rene Magritte
copying or imitation.
• For this reason, the primary meaning of
art was, for centuries, defined as the
representation or replication of
something that is beautiful or meaningful.
• Until roughly the end of the eighteenth
century, a work of art was valued on the
basis of how faithfully it replicated its
subject. This definition of "good art" has
had a profound impact on modern and
contemporary artists; as Gordon Graham
writes, "It leads people to place a high The Treachery of Images
value on very lifelike portraits such as Rene Magritte (1928-1929)
those by the great masters-
Michelangelo, Rubens, Velasquez and so
on-and to raise questions about the
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Art is a discovery and development of through, and that others are infected by these
elementary principles of nature into beautiful feelings and also experience them. - Leo Tolstoy
forms suitable for human use. - Frank Lloyd
Wright Classification of Arts

Art enables us to find ourselves and lose VISUAL ARTS

ourselves at the same time. - Thomas Merton • The visual arts are art forms that create
works that are primarily visual in nature
The purpose of art is washing the dust of daily a. Painting
life off our souls. - Pablo Picasso • Practice by applying colors or other
media to a surface with a brush or other
objects
b. Sculpture
• This form of visual arts characterized as
the art of representing an image or
observed objects in a hard materials
such as glass, metals, or woods in three
dimensions.
c. Architecture
• Provides the physical structure we lived in.
Guernica d. Drawing
Pablo Picasso 1937 • Enhances the way we see the world and
conditions us to capture its details in two
dimensional medium
e. Photography
• A form of art that has a process of
creating portraits by recording radiation
on a radiation sensitive medium such as
electronic image sensors

PERFORMING ARTS
An art wherein an artist uses body, face
•
Les Desmoiselles d’ Avignon and presence as a medium.
Pablo Picasso 1907 a. Theatre (Drama)
• A form of art that uses performers to
All art is but imitation of nature. - Lucius Annaeus present the experience of a real or
Seneca imagined event before a live audience
in a specific time and place.
Art is not what you see, but what you make b. Music
others see. - Edgar Degas • A form of art that helps to express ones
mood and feel the way through
emotions and ideas.
Art is the signature of civilizations. - Jean Sibelius
c. Dance
• A form of art that is expressed through a
Art is a human activity consisting in this, that one
body movement.
man consciously, by means of certain external
signs, hands on to others feelings he has lived
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d. Film
• A form of art that is literary done but are
brought to life by actors to work out
emotions that are basically from human
situations and experiences.
e. Installation Art
• The fundamental nature of this form of art
is the participation of the spectators. In
this work of art, viewers become active
and navigate the work in an
environment that they can experience
visually.
• It also has the capacity of passing on
particular information about any
significant event around the world and
interactively represents documentary
issues.
f. Opera
• This form of art helps to tell stories through
music.
• This is also performed with a full orchestra
composed of the various musical
instrument sections In this art form, singers
and musicians perform a dramatic work
by combining text (called a libretto) and
musical score.
g. Stagecraft
• This form of art is a technical aspect of
theatrical production.
• This includes constructing and arranging
scenery, hanging and focusing of
lighting, the design of costumes, makeup,
and procurement of props, stage
management and mixing and recording
of sounds.

LITERARY ARTS
• These arts centered on creative writing
and other composition processes which
intended to read
• These include prose and poetry (e.g,
novels, short stories, sonnet, ballad, epic,
and essay).