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    THE Skeletal System: A T E A M

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    Miss med
    The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and tendons that make up the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. It accounts for 20% of body weight and performs several important functions including support, protection, movement, storage, and hematopoiesis. The skeletal system contains long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones that develop through either intramembranous or endochondral ossification and continue growing through appositional growth.

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    THE Skeletal System: A T E A M

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    Miss med
    37 views27 pages
    The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and tendons that make up the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. It accounts for 20% of body weight and performs several important functions including support, protection, movement, storage, and hematopoiesis. The skeletal system contains long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones that develop through either intramembranous or endochondral ossification and continue growing through appositional growth.

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    The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and tendons that make up the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. It accounts for 20% of body weight and performs several important functions including support, protection, movement, storage, and hematopoiesis. The skeletal system contains long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones that develop through either intramembranous or endochondral ossification and continue growing through appositional growth.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views27 pages

    THE Skeletal System: A T E A M

    Uploaded by

    Miss med
    The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and tendons that make up the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. It accounts for 20% of body weight and performs several important functions including support, protection, movement, storage, and hematopoiesis. The skeletal system contains long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones that develop through either intramembranous or endochondral ossification and continue growing through appositional growth.

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    THE

    SKELETAL
    SYSTEM
    A cademics.
    T ouches heart.
    E ducates mind.
    A rticulates vision.
    Models excellence.
    THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
    THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
    • accounts for about 20 % of the
    body weight
    • consists of:
    vcartilages
    vligaments
    vtendons
    vbones
    § axial skeleton
    § appendicular skeleton
    Axial
    80
    • Skull
    • Thorax
    • Vertebral Column

    Appendicular
    126
    • Pectoral girdle
    • Pelvic girdle
    • Extremities
    FUNCTIONS
    S upport
    P rotection
    M ovement
    S torage
    H ematopoiesis
    FUNCTIONS
    OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

    S upport
    Øform a rigid framework
    Øsupports the body against the pull of
    gravity
    Øcartilage as support and cushion
    ØLigaments hold bones together.
    P rotection
    Øprotect vital organs
    FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL
    SYSTEM
    M ovement
    Ø Bones work together with muscles as simple
    mechanical lever systems .
    Ø joints – enable back and forth movement

    S torage
    Ø storage area for minerals and fats

    H ematopoiesis
    Ø red marrow - formation of blood cells
    CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
    (according to shape)

    1.LONG Bones
    2. short Bones
    3. Flat Bones
    4. Irregular Bones
    5. Sesamoid Bones
    Long Bones Short Bones

    Flat Bones Irregular Bones


    CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
    (according to nature of matrix)

    Compact (Cortical)

    Spongy (Cancellous)
    Classifications
    (according to nature of matrix)
    COMPACT SPONGY
    • dense, hard; solid • lighter and less
    matrix and cells dense than
    compact; consist
    of trabeculae
    • forms most of the • located mainly in
    diaphysis of long the epiphyses of
    bones long bones
    • forms the protective • forms the interior of
    exterior portion of all all other bones
    bones
    MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
    • bone cells
    1. osteoblasts – for bone formation
    2. osteocytes – for bone maintenance
    3. osteoclasts – for bone breakdown and
    resorption
    • osteon/Haversian system
    - microscopic unit of compact bone
    - central/Haversian canal and its contents
    • Volkmann’s canal
    – communicating pathway/perforating
    canal
    MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
    • lamellae
    – matrix circles/ rings
    • lacunae
    – tiny cavities
    • osteocytes
    • canaliculi
    – network of tiny canals
    • trabeculae
    - delicate interconnecting rods or plates of
    bones
    MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
    compact
    bone cancellous
    bone

    spaces containing
    bone marrow and
    blood vessels

    trabeculae

    Cancellous bone
    STRUCTURE OF A LONG BONE
    BONE MARROW
    Yellow Marrow
    (Medullary Cavity )

    storage area for adipose tissue

    Red Marrow –
    produces red and white blood cells
    BONE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH
    • three cell types involved :
    osteoblasts - bone-forming cells
    - synthesize and secrete the organic
    matrix components
    osteocytes - mature bone cell
    - maintain healthy bone tissue
    - control the calcium release from
    the bone tissue to the blood
    osteoclasts - break down and reabsorb bone
    - very important to bone growth,
    healing, and remodeling
    BONE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH
    • ossification = osteogenesis
    • end of 8th week after conception:
    ossification begins
    • two types of ossification:
    intramembranous
    endochondral
    • appositional growth
    – expansion & widening of bones
    – growth & sex hormones
    Intramembranous Ossification
    • occurs within connective tissue
    membranes
    • replacement of connective tissue
    membranes with bony tissue
    • occurs primarily in the bones of the
    skull
    • also occurs in some
    irregular bones
    intramembranous
    bones forming

    cartilage

    endochondral
    bones forming

    Intramembranous Ossification
    Intramembranous Ossification
    Endochondral Ossification
    • occurs inside cartilage
    • replacement of hyaline cartilage
    with bony tissue
    • most of the bones of the skeleton
    and the base of the skull
    Endochondral Ossification
    Appositional Growth

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