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Percentile Classes
Functions – Graphs – Maxima/Minima

to find the critical points here at first, and then

Maxima Minima these points in f(x) to see that which one gives us
Finding Maxima and Minima in Some typical cases the minimum value.

1. Maxima and minima of quadratic equation To obtain critical points, put all the three
The standard methods of finding the maxima components |x+3|, |x-5| and |x-7| one by one
and the minima of all the quadratic equations are as equal to zero.
follows:
Let us discuss these methods with respect to a |x+3| = 0 so x=-3
particular equation y = 𝑥 2 – 5x + 6. |x-5| = 0 so x = 5
|x-7| = 0 so x = 7
(a) Graphical method
As we have seen in the concepts of quadratic Now, putting these values in f(x) gives us the
equation, graph of y = a𝑥 2 + bx + c = 0 will following result:
have its
−𝑏 −𝐷
Minimum value at x = 2𝑎 and 𝑦𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑎 , when a At x = -3, f(x) = 18
is positive At x = 5, f(x) = 10
Maximum value at x =
−𝑏 −𝐷
and 𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = , when a At x = 7, f(x) = 12
2𝑎 4𝑎
is negative So, value the minimum value of f(x) = 10
2
So, the minimum value of y = 𝑥 – 5x + 6 will be 3. Finding the maximum or the minimum value of
−𝐷 −1
𝑦𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4𝑎 = 4 . the product/sum of two or more than two
variables when the sum/product of these
(b) Quadratic equation method variables is given.
Suppose we have found the minimum value of y
= 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 find the minimum 1. If sum of two or more than two variables
vale by breaking this equation into the sum of a is given, then the product will be
whole square and whatever is left, i.e., 𝑃2 + Q. maximum when the value of all the
variables are equal.
5 5 1 5
𝑥 2 – 5x + 6= [𝑥 2 − 2. 𝑥. 2 + (2)2 ] − 4
= (𝑥 − 2)2 -
1
Example. Find the maximum and the minimum
4
value of xy subject to x + y = 8.
(a) 8 (b) 16
Who know that the minimum value of (𝑥 − )2 is
5 (c) 20 (d)
2 24
1
equal to zero, so the minimum value of y = − 4.
Solution: The maximum value of xy will occur
2. Maxima and minima of any modulus then x = y = 4.
Here, we will discuss some more situations
involving modulus. Let us see this with the help So, the maximum value of xy = 4 x 4 = 16.
of an example:
To obtain the minimum value, we can take
Finding the maximum and the minimum value of either x or y to be negative, and then the
y = y (x) = |x+3| + |x-5| + |x-7| product of xy will be negative. This process
continues till -∝ so, the minimum value of xy = -
Maximum value: Obviously, the maximum ∝.
value can be extended upto +∝.
2. If the product of two or more than two
Minimum value: In this case, all the three parts of positive variables is given, the n there sum
f(x), i.e, |x+3|, |x-5|, and |x-7| cannot be will be the minimum when the value of all the
simultaneously equal to zero. So, we are required variable are equal.

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x → independent variable
Example: What is the minimum value of f(x) = y → dependent variable
𝑥 3 +𝑥+2 Domains: the values of x must be such that for
𝑥
= x > 0?
every x, y must be real is called the domains.
𝑥 2 +𝑥+2 1 1
Solution Since = 𝑥2 + 1 + + In other words the value of x for which the
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
values of f(x) in not a real number cannot be
1
The product of all the terms 𝑥 2 , 1, , and is 1,
1 included in the domain of the function y = f(x),
𝑥 𝑥 there are five different common situations where
the sum of these terms will have the minimum the domain of f(x) for some particular value (s)
1
value for 𝑥 2 = 1 = 𝑥, that is, for x = 1. Hence, the is not defined.
minimum value of f(x) is 4.
(a) When base of (𝟏/𝟐𝒏)𝒕𝒉 power is negative
3. Using arithmetic mean, geometric mean, for any n ∈ I:
and harmonic mean to find the maxima and
the minima If 𝑥 1/2 = k ➔ x = 𝑘 2 since 𝑘 2 is always positive
(i) AM ≥ GM ≥ HM even when x is negative, therefore this equality is not
(ii) (𝐺𝑀)2= AM x HM (for two numbers only) satisfied.

Example: If a, b, c, and d are positive real Hence the domain of definition of y = √𝑥 is

numbers such that a + b+ c+ d = 2, then which defined for only x ≥ 0 i.e., not defined for x < 0
of the following is true regarding the values of N
= (a+b) (c+d)? (b) When denominator of a function is zero :
𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 +2
If is such that x = 0, then is not defined
Solution: Using AM ≥ GM 2𝑥
1
2𝑥
i.e., then function y = 𝑥 is defined only for x ≠ 0
1 1/2 1 1/2
[(a+b) + (c+d)] ≥ [(𝑎 + 𝑏)] = 2 (2) ≥ (𝑁) (i.e., non zero real numbers) therefore the
2 1
domain of function f(x) = 𝑥 is (-∞, 0 )∪(0,∞) or (-
Also, (a+b) (c+d) ≥ 0 ∞, ∞) – {0} or -∞ < x 0 ∪ 0 < x < ∞.
So, 0 ≤ N ≤ 1
(c) When function becomes 𝟎𝟎 .
Example y = (|𝑥| − 3)(𝑥−3) is undefined for
Some Special Cases: x=3
(a) Given that a + b+ c + d… = K (constant) (d) When the value of x in 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒙 becomes
Maximum value of (𝒂𝒙 , 𝒃𝒙 , 𝒄𝒛 . 𝒅𝒕 …..) will be nonpositive (I.e, negative or zero)
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝒅
obtained if 𝒙 = 𝒚 = 𝒛 = 𝒕 = …. ∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔0 (−3) is not defined.

(b) Given that ax + by = K (constant) (e) when the value of a in 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒙 becomes 1 or
Maximum value of 𝒙𝒑 𝒚𝒒 is obtained when 0 or negative.
𝒂𝒙 𝒃𝒚 ∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 5 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 detined.
𝒑
= 𝒒 , converse of the above expression is also Similarly, 𝑙𝑜𝑔(−3) 10 is not defined.
true.
𝒂𝒙 𝒃𝒚
Value of ax + by is obtained when = ,
𝒑 𝒒
Range: The set of all images of all the
elements of domain.
It can be obtained by one of the following
Graphs and Domain ways.

Domain & Graphs different types of functions (i) obtaining x in terms of y and then finding
the values of y for which we get real x.
A function f: A → B is called a real valued if the 𝑥+2
image of every element of A, under F is a real e.g., f(x) = 𝑥+3 = y
number i.e, if f(x) ∈ R ∀ x ∈ A
 yx + 3y = x +2
y = f(x)  x(y-1) = (2-3y)

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2−3𝑦
 x= 𝑦−1

For y = 1, there is no real value of x for the

above equation is satisfied hence.
Range = R – {1} R → Set of real
numbers

(ii) If the given function is continuous, then

range = [l, m] where l is the least value of the
function in its domain and m is the
maximum value in its domain.
(i.e, input equals to output of pre image
equals to image)
Algebraic Functions: Domain → It is the set of real numbers.
Range → It is also the set of real numbers.
A function which contains finite number of terms
having different powers of independent variable Linear function
(x) and the operations +, -, x, + is called
algebraic function e.g., y = mx + c (m, c ∈ R, m is positive)
𝑥 2 +1
4𝑥 2 - 3𝑥 1/2 + 7, 5𝑥 2 + 13x + 8, 𝑥 2 −2 etc.

(A-1) polynomial functions: A function f(x) of the

following form is known as polynomial function.

f(x) = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + … + 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛

Where n ∈ N and 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 ….𝑎𝑛 ∈ R

Domains: It is the set of real numbers

Range: It is the set of real numbers

Constant function: f(x) = c, c ∈ R, c is

constant.

Domain → It is the set of real number.

Range → It is also the set of real number.

Quadratic function
y = f (x) = 𝑥 2

Domain: it is the set of real numbers

Range: it is a particular real number {c}

Identity function
y = x i.e., f (x) = x

∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 (−𝑥)

∴ Graph of f(x) is symmetric about y axis.

Domain → It is the set of real values.
Range → 𝑅 + ∪ {0} i.e., non-negative real
numbers.

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𝟏
2. y = f (x) = 𝒙𝟐
Cubic equation
y = f(x) = 𝑥 3
 f (x) = f (-x)

∴ Graph of f(x) is symmetric about origin

Domain → R (Set of real numbers) Domain → R – {0} i.e., set of non-zero
Range → R (Set of real numbers) rational numbers
Range → 𝑅 +i.e., set of positive rational
Biquadratic function numbers
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4
∴ f(x) = f(-x) 𝟏
2. y = f(x) =
𝒙𝟑

f (-x) = -f(x)

∴ f (x) = f (-x) is symmetric about y axis. Domain → R – {0} i.e., set of non-zero
Domain → R (Set of real numbers) rational numbers
Range → 𝑅 + ∪ {0} i.e, set of non negative Range → R – {0} i.e., set of non-zero
real numbers. rational number.

Graph and some Rational Function Graphs of some simple irrational functions
𝟏
1. y = f(x) = 𝒙 1. y = f(x) = 𝒙𝟏/𝟐 (i.e., √𝒙)

Domain → 𝑅 + ∪ {0} i.e, set of non-negative real

y(x) = - f (-x) numbers.
Domain → R – {0}; Set of none zero rational Range → 𝑅 + ∪ {0} i.e., set of non-negative real
numbers numbers
Range → R – {0}; set of non-zero rational
numbers 2. y = f(x) = 𝒙𝟏/𝟑

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Odd Functions
Let a function y = f(x) be given in a certain
interval. The function is said to be odd if for any value
of x

f(x) = -f(-x)

Domain → (i.e., set of real numbers) Properties of odd functions.

Range → R (i.e., set of real numbers) (a) The sum and difference of an odd function
is an odd function.
3. y = f (x) = 𝒙𝟏/𝟒 (b) The product and quotient of an odd function
is an even function.
(c) The graph of an odd function is symmetrical
abo the origin.

Inverse of a Function

Let there be a function y = f(x), which is defined

for the domain D and has a range R.
Domain → 𝑅 + ∪ {0} i.e, set of non-negative
real numbers Then, by definition, for every value of the
Range → 𝑅 + ∪ {0} i.e., set of non-negative independent variable x in the domain D, there
real numbers exists a certain value of the dependent variable
v. In certain cases the same value of the
dependent variable y can be got for different
Functions values of x. For example, if y = 𝑥 2, then for x = 2
and x = -2 give the value of y as 4.
Even Function
Let a function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) be given in a certain interval. In such a case, the inverse function of the
The function is said to be even if for any value of x. function y = f(x) does not exist.

→ f(x) = f(-x) However, if a function y = f(x) is such that for

every value of y (from the range of the function
(a) The sum difference, product and quotient of R) (here corresponds one and only one value of
an even function is also an even function. x from the domain D, then the inverse function
(b) The graph of an even function is of y = f(x) exists and is given by x = g(y). Here it
symmetrical about the y-axis. can be noticed that x becomes the dependent
variable and y becomes the independent
However, when ,y is the independent variable, it variable. Hence, this function has a domain R
is symmetrical about the y axis. In other words. and a range D.
if x = (f(y) is an even function, then the graph of
this function will be symmetrical about the.x- Under the above situation, the graph of y = f(x)
axis. Example: x = 𝑦 2. and x = g(y) are one and the same.

However, when denoting the inverse of the

Examples of even functions: y = 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 , 𝑦 =
𝑥4 function, we normally denote the independent
−3𝑥 8, y = 𝑥 2 + 3, y = , 𝑦 = |𝑥| are all even variable by y and, hence, the inverse function of
5
functions. y =f(x) is denoted by y = g(x) and not by x = g(y)

The symmetry about the y-axis of an even The graphs of two inverse functions when this
function is illustrated below. change is used are symmetrical about the line y
= x (which is the bisector of the first and the
third quadrants).

Shifting of Graphs

The ability to visualize how graphs shift

when the basic analytical expression is

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changed is a very important skill. For

instance if you knew how to visualize the
graph of (𝑥 + 2)2 - 5. It will definitely add
a lot of value to your ability to solve
questions of functions and all related
chapters of block 5 graphically.

In order to be able to do so, you first need

to understand the following points clearly:

(1) The relationship between the graph of (3) The relationship between y = f(x) and
y = f(x) and y = f(x) + c (where c y = f(x+c);
represents a positive constant): The In this case the graph will get shifted c
shape of the graph of y =f(x) + c will be units to the left. (Remember, c was a
the same as that of the y = f(x) graph. The positive constant)
only difference would be in terms of the Example:
fact that fix) + c is shifted c units up on the
x - y plot.

The following figure will make it clear for

you:
Example: Relationship between y = 𝑥 2
and y = f(x) - c;

(4) The relationship between y =f(x) and y =

f(x-c);
In this case the graph will get shifted c units to
the right on the x - y plane.

(2) The relation-ship between y =f(x) and

y = f(x) – c;
In tins case while the shape remains the
same, the position of the graph gets
shifted c units down.

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Exercise 01
Graphs
1. Mark a if f(-x) = f(x)
Mark b if f(-x) = -f(x)
Mark c if neither a nor b is true
Mark d if f(x) does not exist at at least one point of the domain.

2. Mark a if f(-x) = f(x)

Mark b if f(-x) = -f(x)
Mark c if neither a nor b is true
Mark d if f(x) does not exist at at least one point of the domain.

3. Mark a if f(-x) = f(x)

Mark b if f(-x) = -f(x)
Mark c if neither a nor b is true
Mark d if f(x) does not exist at at least one point of the domain.

4. Mark a if f(-x) = f(x)

Mark b if f(-x) = -f(x)
Mark c if neither a nor b is true
Mark d if f(x) does not exist at at least one point of the domain.

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5. Mark a if f(-x) = f(x)

Mark b if f(-x) = -f(x)
Mark c if neither a nor b is true
Mark d if f(x) does not exist at at least one point of the domain.

6. Mark a if f(-x) = f(x)

Mark b if f(-x) = -f(x)
Mark c if neither a nor b is true
Mark d if f(x) does not exist at at least one point of the domain.

7. Which of the following curves correctly represents

y = |x-2|

(a)

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(b)

(c)

(d)

8. Which of the following represents the curve of y = log |x|?

(d) None of these

9. Which of the following options correctly represents the curve of f(x) = (𝑥 − 1)3

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(d) None of these

10. In the question a graph of a function is being shown select the correct equation of the function of the graph.

(a) y = |x-1| (b) x = |y| + 1

(c) y = |x| - 1 (d) y = |x| - 2

11. In the question a graph of a function is being shown select the correct equation of the function of the graph.

(a) x = |y| + y (b) y = |x| + x

(c) y = |x| (d) x = |y|

12. In the question a graph of a function is being shown select the correct equation of the function of the graph.

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(a) x = y +1 (b) y = x -1
(c) x = y -1 (d) none of these

Directions(13 - 16): Followings graphs represent various functions. Match the figure with the appropriate function.

13. f(x) = -x
(a) B (b) C (c) E (d) D

14. f (x) = |x|

(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D

15. f(x) = -|x|

(a) E (b) B (c) A (d) F

16. f(x) = x
(a) E (b) F (c) A (d) B

17. The shaded region in the diagram represents the relation:

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(a) y ≤ x (b) |y| < |x| (c) y ≤ |x| (d) |y| ≤ x

18. The set {(x, y): |x| + |y| ≤ 1} is represented by shaded region in one of the four figures. Which one is it?

Exercise 01 Solutions
1. Ans. (a) Solution: You essentially have to mark (a) if it is
Solution: You essentially have to mark (a) if it is an even function, mark (b), if it is an odd
an even function, mark (b), if it is an odd function, mark (c) if the function is neither even
function, mark (c) if the function is neither even nor odd.
nor odd. Also, option (d) would occur if the function does
Also, option (d) would occur if the function does not exist atleast one point of the domain. This
not exist atleast one point of the domain. This means one of two things.
means one of two things. Either the function is returning two values for
Either the function is returning two values for one value of x. (as in question 26, 30, 37 and
one value of x. 38) or the function has a break in between (not
2. Ans. (c) seen in any of these questions).
Solution: You essentially have to mark (a) if it is 4. Ans. (a)
an even function, mark (b), if it is an odd Solution: You essentially have to mark (a) if it is
function, mark (c) if the function is neither even an even function, mark (b), if it is an odd
nor odd. function, mark (c) if the function is neither even
Also, option (d) would occur if the function does nor odd.
not exist atleast one point of the domain. This Also, option (d) would occur if the function does
means one of two things. not exist atleast one point of the domain. This
Either the function is returning two values for means one of two things.
one value of x. (as in question 26, 30, 37 and Either the function is returning two values for
38) or the function has a break in between (not one value of x. (as in question 26, 30, 37 and
seen in any of these questions). 38) or the function has a break in between (not
3. Ans. (a) seen in any of these questions).

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5. Ans. (b)
Solution: You essentially have to mark (a) if it is
an even function, mark (b), if it is an odd
function, mark (c) if the function is neither even
nor odd.
Also, option (d) would occur if the function does
not exist atleast one point of the domain. This
means one of two things.
Either the function is returning two values for
9. Ans. (a)
one value of x. (as in question 26, 30, 37 and
38) or the function has a break in between (not Solution: 𝑥 3 →
seen in any of these questions).
6. Ans. (c)
Solution: You essentially have to mark (a) if it is
an even function, mark (b), if it is an odd
function, mark (c) if the function is neither even
nor odd.
Also, option (d) would occur if the function does
not exist atleast one point of the domain. This
means one of two things.
Either the function is returning two values for
one value of x. (as in question 26, 30, 37 and (𝑥 − 1)3 →
38) or the function has a break in between (not [Shift curve one unit right]
seen in any of these questions).
We see even functions in 25, 31, 32, 33 and 34
[symmetry about the y axis].
7. Ans. (b)
Solution:

10. Ans. (c)

Solution. at x = 1 y=0
x = -1 y=0
x=0 y = -1
x=2 y=1
8. Ans. (c) x = -2 y=1
Solution: 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 11. Ans. (b)
Solution. y = |x| + x
At x = 0 y=0
x=1 y=2
x=2 y=4
x = -1, y=0
x = -2 y=0
12. Ans. (c)
Solution.
x=y–1
f (x) → f(|x|)  y =x+1
Take mirror image about y-axis  x = 0, y = 1
Log |x| →

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 x = -1, y = 0 15. Ans. (b)

 x = 1, y = 2 Solution: y = f(x) = -|x|
 x = -2, y= 1 Here if x = 1, then y = -1
13. Ans. (c) If x = 0, then y = 0
Solution: y = f(x) = -x If x = -1 then y = -1
Here if x = 1, then y = -1 Therefore, these are the coordinates of graph
If x = 0, then y = 0 (B).
If x = -1 then y = 1 So, the answer is option (b).
Put these coordinates on graph, which is graph 16. Ans. (b)
(E). Solution: y = f(x) = x
So, the answer is option (c). Here if x = 1, then y = 1
14. Ans. (a) If x = 0, then y = 0
Solution: y = f(x) = (x) If x = -1 then y = -1
Here if x = -1, then y = 1 Therefore, these are the coordinate of graph (F)
If x = 0, then y = 1 So, the answer is option (b).
If x = 1 then y = 1 17. Ans. (d)
These are the coordinates of graph (A) 18. Ans. (d)
So, the answer is option (a).

Exercise 02
Domain of Function
1. Find the domain of the definition of the function y = |x|.
(a) 0 ≤ x (b) - ∞ < x < + ∞ (c) x < + ∞ (d) 0 ≤ x < + ∞

2. Find the domain of the definition of the function y = |√𝑥 |

(a) x ≥ 0 (b) - ∞ < x < + ∞ (c) x > 0 (d) x < + ∞

3. Find the domain of the definition of the function y = (9 − 𝑥 2 )1/2.

(a) - 3 ≤ x ≤ 3 (b) (-∞, -3] ∪ [ 3, ∞)
(c) - 3 ≤ x (b) x ≤ 3
1/2
5𝑥− 𝑥 2
4. The domain of definition of y = [𝑙𝑜𝑔10 ( )] is
4
(a) [1, 4] (b) [-4, -1] (c) [0, 5] (d) [-1, 5]

5. The domain of definition of the function

1
y = {𝑙𝑜𝑔 + √𝑥 + 7
10 (3−𝑥)}
(a) (-7,3] – {2} (b) [-7,3]-{1}
(c) (-7,3) – {0} (d) (7,3)

6. Find the domain of the definition of the function y = 1/(𝑥 − |𝑥|)1/2

(a) -∞ < x < ∞ (b) - ∞ < x < 0
(c) 0 < x < ∞ (d) no where

7. Find the domain of the definition of the function y = (2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)−3/4

(a) x ≥ 0 (b) All x except x = 0
(c) - 3 ≤ x ≤ 3 (d) nowhere

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8. Find the domain of the definition of the function y = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 [1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 16 )].
(a) (2,3] (b) [2,3) (c) [2,3 (d) none of these

1
9. The domain of the function f(x) = is:
√𝑥
(a) - ∞ < x < ∞ (b) 0 < x < ∞
(c) R – {0} (d) 0 ≤ x < ∞

10. The domain of the function f(x) = (√𝑥 2 )is:

(a) - ∞ < x < ∞ (b) O < x < ∞
(c) R – {0} (d) 𝑅 + ∪ {0}

11. The domain of the function f(x) = log𝑥 2 𝑖𝑠:

(a) R (b) 𝑅 + (c) R – {0} (d) 𝑅 + ∪ {0}

1
12. The domain of y = 𝑖𝑠
√|𝑥|−𝑥
(a) [0, ∞) (b) (0, ∞) (c) (-∞, 0) (d) (-∞, 0)

13. The domain of y = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (√6 − 𝑥 + √𝑥 − 4) is:

(a) R (b) R – {0} (c) [6, ∞) (d) (4, 6)

14. The domain of the function f (x) = √4𝑥 − 3 + √2𝑥 − 6 is:

3 4
(a) [0, ∞] (b) [ , ∞] (c) [ , ∞] (d) [3, ∞]
4 3

15. The domain of the function f(x) = log (5x-6-𝑥 2 ) 𝑖𝑠:

(a) (5,6) (b) 2,3 (c)2, ∞ (d) none of these

16. The domain of the function f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (1 + 𝑥 3 ) is:

(a) (-1, +∞) (b) (0, +∞) (c) [0, +∞) (d) (-1, 0)

17. The domain of the real valued function f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 |𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥|𝑖𝑠:
(a) (1, +∞) (b) (0, +∞) (c) (e, +∞) (d) None of these

Exercise 02 Solutions
1. Ans. (b) 1
{𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (3−𝑥)}
is real , which will occur when x < 3.
Solution: y = |x| will be defined for all values of
However if x = 2, then the denominator of the
x. from = - ∞ to + ∞
term becomes 0. Which should not be allowed.
2. Ans. (a)
The other limit of the function gets defined by
Solution: Since the function contains √𝑥 in it, x
the constraint defined by the term √𝑥 + 7, for
≥ 0 would be the domain.
3. Ans. (a) √𝑥 + 7 to be real, x ≥ -7 is the requirement.
Solution: (9-𝑥 2) ≥0, -3 ≤ x ≤ 3. Hence, the required domain is;
4. Ans. (a) Required domain = -7 ≤ x <3, x ≠ 2
5𝑥−𝑥 2 i.e., x ∈ [-7,3) – {2}
Solution: 4
≥ 1 ➔ 1 ≤ x ≤ 4. 6. Ans. (d)
5. Ans. (a) Solution: x - |x| is either negative for x < 0 or 0
Solution: The function would be defined when for x ≥ 0.
the term Thus, option (d) is correct.

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7. Ans. (d) 3
Or 4x ≥ 3. So, x ≥
4
8. Ans. (d)
For √2𝑥 − 6, 2𝑥 − 6 ≥ 0 → x ≥ 3
9. Ans. (b)
So, for both the equation, x should be greater
Solution. √𝑥 is defined only when x ≥ 0
1
than or equal to 3. The domain is [3, ∞). Hence,
But is defined only when x > 0 the domain is 3 ≤ x < ∞.
√𝑥
Since rational expressions are not defined for 15. Ans. (b)
zero denominator so, √𝑥 ≠ 0 Solution: f (x) = log (5x – 6 - 𝑥 2)
1 Logarithmic function is defined only for positive
∴ Domain of 𝑖𝑠 (0, ∞) i.e. 𝑅 +
√𝑥
values.
10. Ans. (a)
So, 5x – 6 𝑥 2 > or > 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 < 0
Solution. Since 𝑥 2 is positive for all values of x
i.e., 𝑥2 ≥ 0 ∀ x ∈ R
Root of this equation are 2 and 3.
∴ √𝑥 2 is defined for all values of R Put them on a number line.
Hence domain of √𝑥 2 is R.
11. Ans. (c)
Solution. 𝑥 2 is positive for all values of x except -∞023+∞
at x = 0 Take a value from the internal 2 to 3 (say 2.5), it
Since 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 is defined only if b> 0 satisfies the inequality.
∴ domain of 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑥 2is R – {0} It can be seen that value of x lies in between 2
12. Ans. (c) and 3. So, the domain is (2,3) =2 < x < 3.
Solution. |x| - x > 0 (∴ |x| - x ≠ 0) 16. Ans. (b)
 |x| > x also |x| - x > 0 for the condition of Solution: f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (1 + 𝑥 3 )
square root. Since |x| is positive value and |x|, x Here x, cannot be negative number and zero.
are numerically equal. Because f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (1+(0)3) =
 Therefore x < 0 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑙𝑜𝑔10(1)= 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (0)
Hence the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) =
1
is (-∞, 0) [since 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1= 0]
√|𝑥|−𝑥 But we cannot find log of zero.
13. Ans. (d) So, domain is (0, +∞)
Solution. (√6 − 𝑥 + √𝑥 − 4) > 0 17. Ans. (d)
Also (6-x) > 0 and (x-4) > 0 Solution: f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 |𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥|
∴ 6 > x and x > 4 For any logarithmic expression, value of x
4<x<6 should be a positive number.
∴ domain of given function is (4,6). Hover, for this expression, we cannot take 1 as
14. Ans. (d) a value. Of x [Because I we take x = 1, then f(x)
Solution: For √4𝑥 − 3, 4𝑥 − 3 ≥ 0 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 |𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 1| = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 |0| = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 0 ]
[since we cannot find under root of negative
values.]

Exercise 03
Maxima Minima
1. For what value of x, 𝑥 2 + 10 x + 11 will be the minimum value?
(a) 5 (b) +10 (c) -5 (d) -10

2. Find the maximum value of the function 1/(𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2).

(a) 11/4 (b) ¼ (c) 0 (d) none of these

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3. Find the minimum value of the function f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5).

(a) -4 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) -2

4. If the function R(x) = max (𝑥 2 − 8, 3𝑥, 8), then what is the max value of R(x)?
1+ √5
(a) 4 (b) (c) ∞ (d) 0
2

5. If 𝑝2 + 𝑞2 + 𝑟 2 = 1, then the maximum value of pqr is:

1
(a) 1 (b) (c) 3 (d) None of these
3√3

6. If f(x) = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 g (x) = 5 - 𝑥 2, then the minimum [f(x)] – maximum [g(x)] is:
17 17
(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) (d) −
8 8

7. What is the minimum value of the expression 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 10?

(a) 0 (b) +∞ (c) -6 (d) +6

8. What is the maximum value of the expression 1 – 6x - 𝑥 2?

(a) 0 (b) 10 (c) -∞ (d) None of these

9. What is the maximum value of f(x) = minimum (4-5x, x-3) for every x ∈ (0, 4)?
(a) -1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) None of these

10. If x + y + z = 24, then the maximum value of xyz is:

(a) 215 (b) 512 (c) 125 (d) 576

11. The minimum value of 4𝑥 + 41−𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, is:

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) none of these

12. What is the maximum value of y = |x-5| + |x-7|?

(a) 2- (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) ∞

13. If y = |x| - 5, then the minimum possible value of y is:

(a) 5 (b) -5 (c) 0 (d) both a and b

14. Let x, y and z be three positive numbers such that x + t1+ z = 1.

Then minimum value of
1 1 1
(𝑥 + )2 + (𝑦 + )2 + (𝑧 + )2 will be:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
(a) 16 (b) 24 (c) 33 (d) None of these

15. If a, b and c are the positive real numbers, then find the greatest value of 𝑎2 𝑏3 𝑐 4 subject to the condition a + b
+c = 18.
(a) +∞ (b) 42 . 63 . 84 (c) 16686 (d) None of these
.
16. Consider the following functions:
f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥
g(x) = 3x + 4
For what value of x will f[g(x)] have its minimum value?
−11 −11
(a) 0 (b) 2
(c) 6
(d) None of these

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17. The minimum value of 3x + 4y, subject to the conditions 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 = 6 and x and y are positive, is:
(a) 10 (b) 14 (c) 13 (d) 13

18. If f(x) = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4 And g(x) = 5 - 𝑥 2 , then the minimum [f(x)] – maximum [g(x)] is:
17 17
(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) (d)
8 8

19. Given y = minimum (x-5, 7-x). what is the minimum value of y?

(a) 0 (b) -∝ (b) +∝ (d) 1

20. Given y = minimum (x-5, 7-x) what is the maximum value of y?

(a) 0 (b) -∝ (b) +∝ (d) 1

21. The circumference of a circle and the perimeters of a pentagon and an octagon are the same. Their area are
denoted by c, P and O, respectively. Which of the following is true for their areas?
(a) C > P > O (b) O > P > C
(c) O > C > P (d) C > O > P

Exercise 03 Solutions
1. Ans. (c) 1
(𝑝𝑞𝑟)2 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 27
Solution: dy/dx = 2x + 10 = 0 ➔ x = -5
2. Ans. (d) 1
= (𝑝𝑞𝑟)𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
Solution: Since the denominator 𝑥 2 – 3x + 2 has 3√3
real roots, the maximum value would be infinity. 6. Ans. (d)
3. Ans. (b) Solution: f(x) = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4
𝐷 −(𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐)
Solution: The minimum value of the function Then, minimum of f(x) = - =
4𝑎 4𝑎
would occur at the minimum value of (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + −(9−32) 23
= = and g (x) = 5- 𝑥 2
5) as this quadratic 4x2 8
For t = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5 = Then maximum of g(x) = 5 – (0)2 = 5 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑥 2
dt/dx = 2x – 2 = 0 ➔ x = 1 is a positive number or zero.
 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5 = 4. The smallest value of 𝑥 2 should be zero
23
Thus, minimum value of the argument of the log Then minimum f(x) – maximum g(x) = −5=
8
is 4. 23−40 17
=−
So, minimum value of the function is 𝑙𝑜𝑔24 =2. 8 8
7. Ans. (c)
4. Ans. (c)
Solution: Since R(x) is the maximum amongst Solution: Minimum value of the expression 𝑥 2 +
−𝑑
the three given function, its value would always 8𝑥 + 10 𝑖𝑠 4𝑎
be equal to the highest amongst the three, it is −(𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐) −[82 −4 x 1 x 10] −24
= = = = -6
easy to imagine that 𝑥 2 − 8 and 3x are 4𝑎 4x1 4
8. Ans. (b)
increasing functions, therefore the value of the
Solution: For expression like -𝑥 2 – 6x + 1,
function is continuously increasing as you
−𝐷 (−6)2 (4 x−1 x 1) 36+4
increase the value of x, similarly 𝑥 2 − 8 would Maximum value = 4𝑎
= 4 x−1
=- −4
be increasing continuously as your go farther = 10
and farther down on the negative side of the
axis. Hence, the maximum value of R(x) would 9. Ans. (d)
be infinity. Option (c) is the correct answer. Solution: for maximum value of f(x) = minimum
5. Ans. (b) (4-5x, x-3), where x ∈ (0,4)
Solution. 𝑝2 x 𝑞2 x 𝑟 2 is maximum when 𝑝2 = 𝑞2 x should be 1.
1
= 𝑟2= 3

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So, maximum value of f(x) = minimum (4-5 x 1, 15. Ans. (b)

1-3) = minimum (-1, -2) = -2 which is the 16. Ans. (c)
maximum value of f(x). Solution: f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥
10. Ans. (b) g (x) = 3x + 4
Solution: x + y + z = 24 Then, f[g(x)] = (3𝑥 + 4)2 = 3(3𝑥 + 4)
If x, y and z all are equal , the then value of xyz = 9𝑥 2 + 24x + 16 + 9x + 12
will be maximum. = 9𝑥 2 + 33x + 28
So, x = y = z = 8 Then, the value of x for which f[g(x)] has its
𝑏 −33 −11
minimum value = 2𝑎 = 2 𝑥 9 = 6
Then, x y z = 8 x 8 x 8 = 512
17. Ans. (a)
11. Ans. (b)
18. Ans. (d)
Solution: We know that A ≥ GM
4𝑥 +41−𝑥 Solution: Minimum [f(x)] = minimum (2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 +
≥ [4𝑥 𝑥 41−𝑥 ]1/2 = [4(𝑥+1−𝑥) ]1/2 4) = 46/ 16
2
Maximum [g(x)] = 5
4𝑥 +41−𝑥 19. Ans. (b)
or ≥ [4(𝑥+1−𝑥) ]1/2
2
Solution: Drawing the graphs of x – 5 and 7 –x
4𝑥 +41−𝑥
tell us that both the graphs are heading towards
or 2
≥ 2, or 4𝑥 + 41−𝑥 ≥ 4 +∝ and -∝, depending upon the values. So, the
minimum of y will be -∝.
Hence minimum value = 4 20. Ans. (d)
12. Ans. (d) Solution: Now, the direction of movement of
Solution: It is clearly seen that if we increase the both the graphs are opposite (one is going
value of x in the function, then the value of y will towards +∝ and other one is going towards -∝
also increase. Thence, the maximum value of for a particular set of values and vice versa)
the function should be (∞) For x < 6, x -5 will provide us the minimum
13. Ans. (c) value, and for x > 6, 7 –x will provide us with the
Solution: y = |x| - 5, then, the minimum value of minimum value, and at x = 1, we will get the
y will be -5 because the minimum value of |x| = values equal. This x = 6 is the point for which
0. 𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = minimum (x-5, 7-x) is obtained.
14. Ans. (d) 21. Ans. (d)

Exercise 04
Function/Graph/Maxima/Minima
1. If 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 3 , then 𝑓(3𝑥) will be equal to
(a) √3𝑥 3 (b) 3√𝑥 3 (c) 3√(3𝑥 3 ) (d) 3 √𝑥 5

2. If f(x) is an even function, then the graph y = f (x) will be symmetrical about
(a) x-axis (b) y-axis (c) both the axes (d) none of these

3. If f(x) is an odd function, the then graph y = f (x) will be symmetrical about
(a) x-axis (b) y-axis (c) both the axes (d) origin

4. Which of the following is an even function?

(a) 𝑥 −8 (b) 𝑥 3 (c) 𝑥 −33 (d) 𝑥 7

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1
5. f (x) = 𝑥, g(x) = |3x-2|
Then f(g(x)) = ?
1 1 1
(a) (b) | - 2| (c) −2 (d) none of these
(|3𝑥−2| 3𝑥 |3𝑥|

6. Which of the following statements is true:

(a) If f(x) and g(x) are odd functions then their sum is an even function.
(b) If f(x) and g(x) are even functions then their sum is an odd function.
(c) If (x) and g(x) are odd functions then their product is an even function
(d) none of these

7. If u (t) = 4t – 5, v(t) = 𝑡 2 and f(t) = 1/t, then the formula for u (f(v(t)) is
1 4 4
(a) (4𝑡−5)2
(b) (𝑡−5)
(c) 𝑡2
−5 (d) none of these

𝑡
8. If f(t) = √𝑡, g(t) = and h (t) = 4t – 8, then the formula for g(f(h(t))) will be
4
√𝑡−2 √(4𝑡−8) √(𝑡−8)
(a) 4
(b) 2√𝑡 – 8 (c) 4
(d) 4

9. Which of the following is an even function?

𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
(a) 𝑒 𝑥 (b) 𝑒 −𝑥 (c) 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 (d)
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥

10. h[f(2,3,1), g(3,4,2), h(1/3,1/3,3)]

f(x,y,z) = xy + yz + zx
g(x,y,z) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑧 2 𝑥 and
h (x, y, z) = 3 xyz
(a) 0 (b) 23760 (c) 2640 (d) none of these

11. g[f(1,0,0), g(0,1,0), h(1,1,1)]

f(x,y,z) = xy + yz + zx
g(x,y,z) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑧 2𝑥 and
h (x, y, z) = 3 xyz
(a) 0 (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) none of these

12. f[f(1,1,1), g(1,1,1), h(1,1,1)]

f(x,y,z) = xy + yz + zx
g(x,y,z) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑧 2𝑥 and
h (x, y, z) = 3 xyz
(a) 9 (b) 18 (c) 27 (d) none of these

13. f(1,2,3) – g(1,2,3) + h(1,2,3)

f(x,y,z) = xy + yz + zx
g(x,y,z) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑧 2𝑥 and
h (x, y, z) = 3 xyz
(a) -6 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 8

14. If |x| denotes the greatest integer ≤ x, then

1 1 1 1 2 1 98
[3] + [3 + 99
] + [3 + 99
] + … [3 + 99
]=?

15. What is the maximum possible value of (21 sin X + 72 cos X)?

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(a) 21 (b) 57 (c) 63 (d) 75

16. If f(t) = (t-1)/(t+1), then f(f(t))) will be equal to

(a) 1/t (b) -1/t (c) t (d) -t

17. If f(x) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 then value of fog will be

(a) x (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) e

1
18. If 3f (x+2) + 4𝑓 (𝑥+2) = 4x, x ≠ -2, then f(4) =
(a) 7 (b) -52/7 (c) 8 (d) none of these

𝑥
19. if 𝑓 (𝑥) = , then f(f(f(x))) is :
√1+ 𝑥 2
3𝑥 𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥
(a) (b) (c) (d)
√1+𝑥 2 √1+3𝑥 2 √1+𝑥 2 √3+3𝑥 2

4𝑥
20. If f(x) = then the value of f(x) + f(1-x) is :
4𝑥 +2
(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) can’t be determined

𝑥
21. Let f(x) = 𝑥+3 then f(x+1) = ?
3𝑥+2 𝑥+1 𝑥+1 2𝑥+3
(a) 𝑥+2
(b) 𝑥+4
(c) 𝑥+3
(d) 𝑥+3

22. If f(x) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓(𝑥 + 1) is :

(a) 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 1 (b) x (𝑥 + 1)2
(c) 𝑥 2 (𝑥 − 1) (d) none of these

𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥
23. Let a function is defined as f(x) = ; a > 0, what is the value of f(x+y) + f(x-y) ?
2
(a) f (x) + f(y) (b) f (x) f(y)
(c) 2 f(x) f(y) (d) 4f(x) f(y)

30−𝑥
24. If | 5
| < 4, then find x:
(a) - 6 < x < 6 (b) 10 < x < 50
(c) x > 10 (d) None of these

𝑥+1
25. If f(x) = 𝑥−1, x ≠ 1 then find f(f(f(f(2)))).
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

26. Which of the following function is an even function?

1−𝑥
(a) f(x) = log1+𝑥
𝑎𝑥 +1
(b) f(x) = x 𝑎𝑥−1
(c) f(x) = log[𝑥 + √1 + 𝑥 2 ]
(d) f(x) = √(1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) − √(1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 )

27. If f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 2, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓 −1(x) is:

(a) 𝑥 5 (b) √𝑥 + 2 (c) √𝑥 + 2 (d) none of these

𝑥−1
28. If f(x) then 𝑓 −1(x) is:
𝑥+1

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𝑥+1 𝑥+1 1
(a) 1−𝑥
(b) 1−𝑥
(c) 𝑥+1
(d) none of these

29. Given that f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 and g(x) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥) = g(f(x)).
(a) x = -1 (b) x = -2 (c) x = -3 (d) none of these

30. For any y = f(x),

If f(-x) = f(x), then this function is known as an even function.
If f(-x) = -f(x), then this function is known as an odd function.
The sum of an odd function and an even function is always
(a) an odd function. (b) an even function.
(c) neither odd nor even function. (d) nothing can be said

31. If f(x) = 2𝑥 − 2−𝑥 , then the value of 2 f(x) – 5 f(x-1) + 2f(x-2) is:
(a) 1 (b) -3 (c) 15 (d) none of these

32. If y = f(x) = (x+2)/(x-1), then which of the following is equal to f(y) ?

(a) x (b)2x (c) x/2 (d) 𝑥 2

33. The set of real values of x satisfying |x-1|≤ 3 and |x-1| ≥ 1 is:
(a) [2,4] (b) (-∞,2) ∪ [4, +∞]
(c) [-2, 0] ∪ [2, 4] (d) none of these

1 𝑛
34. Let f(n) = [2 + 100
], where [x] denotes the integral part of x. then, the values of ∑100
𝑛=1 𝑓(𝑛) 𝑖𝑠:
(a) 50 (b) 51 (c) 1 (d) none of these

35. The domain of the function f(x) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 (x-[x]), where [.] denotes the greatest integer function, is:
(a) R (b) R – Z (c) (0, +∞) (d) None of these

36. Let f(x) = |x-2| + |x-3| + |x-4| and g(x) = f(x+1). Then,
(a) g(x) is an even function
(b) g(x) is an odd function
(c) g(x) is neither even nor odd.
(d) None of these

𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
37. The inverse function of the function f(x) = f(x) = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 is:
1 1+𝑥 1 2+𝑥
(a) 2
log 1−𝑥 (b) 2
log 2−𝑥
1 1−𝑥
(c) 2log 1+𝑥 (d) None of these

(1+𝑥) 3𝑥+ 𝑥 3
38. If f(x) = log 1−𝑥
and g(x) 1+3𝑥 2
, then f[g(x)] is equal to :
(a) [f(x)]3 (b) -f(x) (c) [𝑓 3 (𝑥)] (d) 3[f(x)]

4𝑥 1 2 1998
39. If f(x) = 4𝑥 +2, then find the value of f (1999) + f (1999) + …..+ f (1999)
(a) 1998 (b) 1999 (c) 998 (d) 999

1+𝑥
40. If f(x) = log , then f(x) + f(y) is:
1−𝑥

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𝑥+𝑦 1
(a) f (x+y) (b) f(1+𝑥𝑦) (c) (x+y)f(1+𝑥𝑦) (d) None of these

41. If f(x) = maximum (4x+3, 3x + 6) for x ∈ [-6, 10], then find the maximum value of f(x)?
(a) +∞ (b) 36 (c) 43 (d) none of these

42. f(x) = |x| - x

(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) none of these

1
43. a, b and c are three positive numbers and ab𝑐 2 has the greatest value then;
64
1 1 1 1
(a) 1 = b = 2, c = 4 (b) a = b = 4, c = 2
1
(c) a = b = c = 3 (d) None of these

44. If ab = 2a + 3b, a>0, b> 0, then the minimum value of ab is:

1
(a) 12 (b) 24 (c) (d) None of these
4

45. If a > 1 and b > 1, then find the minimum value of 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) none of these

𝑥
46. Given that (𝑥 − 2)2 = 9, and (𝑦 − 3)2 = 25. What is the minimum value of ?
𝑦
1 5 1 5
(a) 2
(b) 8
(c) - 8 (d) - 2

47. |x+y| = 10. Where x and y are integers, then what is the minimum value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ? .
(a) 75 (b) 100 (c) 50 (d) none of these

48. If |x| - |y| = 13, then which of the following cannot be the value of x – y ?
(a) -19 (b) -9 (c) -17 (d) None of these

49. What is the least value of (x-2)(𝑥 − 4)2 (𝑥 − 6) (x+6), for real values of x?
4
(a) 6 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) none of these

50. The minimum of f(x) = |x-1| + |x-4| + |x-5| is attained at x =

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

51. Let y = 𝑘 2 (𝑥 2 + 1) + 2k (3x + 4) + 27. If k and x are real numbers, what is the minimum value of y?
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) None of these

52. The least integral value of k for which (k-2) 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 𝑘 + 4 > 0 for all x ∈ R, is:
(a) -5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) None of these

1 1 1 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑐 𝑏 𝑐
53. If a + b+ c = 20 and (𝑎 + 𝑏
+ 𝑐 ) = 30, then the value of 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑐
+ 𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑏 is:
(a) 597 (b) 8 (c) 350 (d) 441

54. A rectangle of largest area is inscribed in a semicircle of radius r. what is the area of the rectangle?
(a) 1.5 x 𝑟 2 (b) 𝑟 2 x √2 (c) 𝑟 2 (d) 𝑟 2 √3

55. The altitude of a right circular cone of the minimum volume circumscribed about a sphere of the radius r is.
(a) 2r (b) 3r (c) 4r (d) None of these

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Exercise 04 Solutions
1. Ans. (c) Solution: f(1, 2, 3) – g(1, 2, 3) + h(1, 2, 3) = 11 –
Solution: f (x) = √𝑥 3➔ f (3x) = √(3𝑥)3➔ 3√3𝑥 2 23 + 18 = 6.
Option (c) is correct 14. Ans. 33
1 1 1 1 2 1 65
2. Ans. (b) Solution: [3] + [3 + 99
] + [3 + 99
] + [3 + 99
]=0
Solution: y – axis by definition.
3. Ans. (d) 1 66 1 67 1 98
[3 + 99] + [3 + 99
] + ….[3 + 99
] = 33
Solution: origin by definition.
4. Ans. (a)
1 1 1 1 2 1 98
Solution: 𝑥 −8 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) = f(-x) in this [3] + [3 + 99
] + [3 + 99
] + ⋯ [3 + 99
] = 0 + 33 =
case. 33
5. Ans. (a) 15. Ans. (d)
1
Solution: f(g(x)) = f(|3x-2|) = Solution: Let f(X) = 21 sin X + 72 cos X
|3𝑥−2|
Option (a) is correct.
6. Ans. (c)  f (X) = 21 con X – 72 sin X
Solution: When f(x) and g(x) both are odd then  If f(X) = 0, 21 cos X = 72 sin X.
S(x) = f(x) + g(x)
S(-x) = f(x) + g(-x) = - |f(x) + g(x)|, S (x) is an ∴ tan X = 21/72 therefore sin X = 21/75, cos X =
odd function, this conclusion reject option (a). 72/75 (since, from the value of tan X we can
Their product P (x) = f(x) . g(x) think of a right angled triangle with the legs as
P (-x) = f(-x) . g(-x) = [-f(x)] [-g(x)] = f(x) g (x). 21 and 72 respectively. This would give us the
P(x) hypotenuse length of the triangle as 75 – using
Is an even function. This is what is being said by the Pythagoras theorem)
the option (c). hence it is the correct answer.
If we check for option (b) we can see that; when Since f(x) = -21 sin X < 0 therefore f(X) has a
f(x) and g(x) both are even then S(x) = f(x) + maximum at f(X) = 0. Thus , we can use the
g(x) S(-x) = f(-x) + g(-x) = [f(x) + g(x)], S(s) is an values of sin X = 21/75 & cos X = 72/75.
even function,
Hence only option (c) is true. ∴ Maximum value of
21.21 72.72 752
7. Ans. (c) f(x) = + = = 75
75 75 75
4
Solution: u (fv(t))) = u (f(𝑡 2 )) = u (1/𝑡 2) = ( 2) –
𝑡
5. Option (d) is correct.
8. Ans. (c) 16. Ans. (b)
Solution: g(f(h(t))) = g (f(4t-8))= g(√4𝑡 − 8) Solution: f(f(t)) = f((t-1)/(t+1))
(√4𝑡 −8)
= 𝑡−1 𝑡−1 𝑡−1−𝑡−1
4 = [(𝑡+1) − 1] / [(𝑡+1) + 1] = 𝑡−1+𝑡+1
9. Ans. (c)
Solution: 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥
= -2/2t = -1/t.
10. Ans. (c)
17. Ans. (a)
Solution: The given function would become h
Solution: fog = f(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑒 𝑥 = x.
[11, 8, 1] = 2640.
18. Ans. (b)
11. Ans. (a) 1
Solution: The given function would become g[0, Solution: 3 f(x+2) + 4f (𝑥+2) = 4x
0, 3] =0
12. Ans. (c) Let x + 2 = t
Solution: the given function would become f[3,
3, 3] = 27.
13. Ans. (b)

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1 8 1 Adding (1) and (2), we get

3f(t) + 4f ( 𝑡 ) = 4t – 8 or 3 𝑓(𝑡) = + f ( 𝑡 )
….(1) 𝑎𝑥+𝑦 + 𝑎−𝑥−𝑦 𝑎𝑥−𝑦 + 𝑎−𝑥+𝑦
1
Now replacing t with in the above equation, we f(x+y) + f(x-y) = +
2 2
𝑡
get 1
= 2 [𝑎 𝑥 (𝑎 𝑦 + 𝑎−𝑥 ) + 𝑎−𝑥 ](𝑎 𝑦 + 𝑎−𝑦 )]
1 4 1 4
3f( 𝑡 ) + 4f (t) = 𝑡 – 8 or f( 𝑡 ) + 3 𝑓(𝑡)
1
= (𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎−𝑥 ) (𝑎 𝑦 + 𝑎−𝑦 )
2
4 8 = 2 f(x) f(y)
= - …(2)
3𝑡 3
24. Ans. (b)
30−𝑥
From (1) and (2) Solution. | |<4
5

f(t) =
12 4
{ −
8
− 𝑡 + 2}  |30-x| < 20
7 3𝑡 3
12 1 8 −52  - 20 < (30-x) < 20
f(4) = { − − 4 + 2} =  -20 < 30 – x < 20
7 3 3 7
19. Ans. (b)  -50 < -x < -10
𝑥
Solution. 𝑓 (𝑥) =  50 > x > 10
√1+ 𝑥2
𝑦 𝑥⁄√1+𝑥 2  10 < x < 50
∴ f(f(x)) = f(y) = 2
= 25. Ans. (c)
√1+𝑦 𝑥
2
√1+( ) 𝑥+1
√1+𝑥2 Solution: f (x) =
𝑥−1

𝑥 2+1
= = 𝑧 (𝑠𝑎𝑦) Then, f(f(f(f(2)))) = f(f(f(f( )))) (put x = 2)
√1+2𝑥 2 2−1

𝑧 𝑥⁄√1+2𝑥2 4 3+1
∴ f(f((f(x))) = f (z) = = ➔ f(f(f(f( )))) = f (f(f(f( ))) (put x = 2)
√1+𝑧 2 2 2 3−1
𝑥
√1+( ) 4
√1+2𝑥2 ➔ f(f(f( ))) = f(f(f(2)))
2
𝑥
= ➔ f(f(3)) (since f(f(2))) = f(3). We have found it]
√1+3𝑥 2
20. Ans. (c) ➔ f(f(3)) = f(2) [since f(f(3)) = f(2) we have
4𝑥 found it]
Solution. f (x) = 4𝑥 +2
➔ f (2) = 3
26. Ans. (a)
41−𝑥 2
∴ f (1-x) = = Solution: if f(-x) = f(x) then it is a even function,
41−𝑥 +2 2+ 4𝑥
after verifying the options, we can see that
4𝑥 2 option (b) is an even function.
∴ f (x) + f(1-x) = 4𝑥 +2 + 4𝑥 +2 = 1 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 −1
Because f(x) = x =
Hence (c) is correct. 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 +1
𝑒 𝑎(−𝑥) −1 𝑒 −𝑎𝑥 −1
21. Ans. (b) Then, f(-x) = (-x) = = -x
𝑒 𝑎(−𝑥) +1 𝑒 −𝑎𝑥 +1
(𝑥+1) 𝑥+1 1
Solution. f (x+1) = (𝑥+1)+3
= 𝑥+4 𝑒𝑎𝑥−1 (1−𝑒 𝑎𝑥 )/𝑒 𝑎𝑥
= -x 1 = -x 1+𝑒 𝑎𝑥 )/𝑒 𝑎𝑥
22. Ans. (b) 𝑒𝑎𝑥+1

Solution. f (x) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2
(1−𝑒 𝑎𝑥 )
f (x+1) = (𝑥 + 1)3 − (𝑥 + 1)2 = -x (1+𝑒 𝑎𝑥)
= (𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 + 1 − 1) = (𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥) (Take “-“ sign out of bracket)
23. Ans. (c) −(𝑒 𝑎𝑥 −1) 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 −1
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎−𝑥 𝑎𝑡 + 𝑎−𝑦 = -x 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 +1
= x 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 +1 = f(x)
Solution. f(x) = 2
, f(y) = 2
;
27. Ans. (d)
Solution: f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 2
𝑎𝑥+𝑦 + 𝑎−(𝑥+𝑦)
= f (x+y) = 2
…..(1) Let y = 𝑥 2 + 2 – t – 2 = 𝑥 2 → x = √𝑦 − 2
Then put y =x
𝑎𝑥−𝑦 + 𝑎−(𝑥−𝑦) 𝑓 1 (𝑥) = √𝑥 − 2
And f(x-y) = 2
….. (2)

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This is not matching with the given 𝑥+2

Then f(y) = f[f(x)] = f[𝑥−1]
conditions. So, the answer is none of these. 𝑥+2 𝑥+2
28. Ans. (a) = (𝑥−1 + 2) / (𝑥−1) − 1
𝑥−1
Solution: f(x) = y =
𝑥+1
= (x+2 + 2x - 2)/ (x + 2 –x + 1) = 3x /3 = x.
𝑥−1 33. Ans. (c)
y–1= = -1 [subtract 1 from both sides]
𝑥+1 Solution: |x-1| ≤ 3 or -3 ≤ (x-1) ≤ 3 or (-3 + 1 ) ≤
(x-1+1) ≤ (3+1) or -2 ≤ x ≤4
𝑥−1−𝑥−1 2
y–1= =
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
2 2
x+1 = - 𝑦−1 = 1−𝑦
2 2−1+𝑦 1+𝑦
x = - 1−𝑦 – 1 = 1−𝑦
= 1−𝑦
1+𝑥
So, 𝑓 1 (x)=1−𝑥 For |x-1| ≥ 1
Solving this, we get
29. Ans. (d)
(x-1) ≤ -1 or (x-1) ≥ 1 or
Solution: f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4
x ≤ or x ≥ 2
(i)
g (x) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 (ii)

Then, f(g(x)) = (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3)2 + 4(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3) +

4 [put x = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 in equation (i)]
Combine both, we get
4 3 2 2
= (𝑥 + 8 𝑥 + 22 𝑥 + 24 x + 9) + (4𝑥 + 16𝑥 +
12) + 4
= 𝑥 4 + 8 𝑥 3 + 26𝑥 2 + 40x + 25
(iii)

g(f(x)) = g(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4) So, common set is [-2, 0] U [2,4].

34. Ans. b
2 2 2 Solution: For all the values of n < 50. F(n) = 0
= (𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 4) + 4(𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 4) + 3
= (𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 3 + 24 𝑥 2 + 32𝑥 + 16) + (4𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 + And all the n ≥ 50, f(n) = 1 Hence, 51 such
16) + 3 values are there.
= 𝑥 4 + 8 𝑥 3 + 26 𝑥 2 + 48x + 35 35. Ans. (b).
(iv) 36. Ans. (c)
Solution: g(x) = f(x+1) = |x-2+1| + |x-3+1| + |x-
Then f(g(x)) = g(f(x)) 4+1| = |x-1| + |x-2| + |x-3|
𝑥 4 + 8 𝑥 3 + 26𝑥 2 + 40x + 25 = 𝑥 4 + 8 𝑥 3 + 26 𝑥 2
+ 48x + 35 Obviously this is neither odd nor even.
2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 10 = 0 → 𝑥 2 + 4x + 5 = 0 Alternatively we know the graph of this function
30. Ans. (c) will neither be symmetrical to axis or origin [see
Solution: The answer is option (c) neither odd the topic graph and maxima minima]
nor even. See the properties of odd and even 37. Ans. (a)
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −(1/𝑒 𝑥 )
function. Solution: f(x) =y = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
= f(x) = 𝑒 𝑥 + (1/𝑒 𝑥)
31. Ans. (d)
Solution: f(x) = 2𝑥 − 2−𝑥 (𝑒 2𝑥 −1)/𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 −1
= y = (𝑒 2𝑥 +1)/𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝑥 +1
Then, 2f(x) = - 5f(x-1)+ 2f (x-2)
= 2[2𝑥 − 2−𝑥 ] – 5 [2𝑥−1 − 21−𝑥 ] + 2 [2𝑥−2 − 22−𝑥 ].
Hence the answer is option (d). Subtract 1 fro both sides.
32. Ans. (a) 𝑒 2𝑥 −1 −2
y – 1 = 𝑒 2𝑥 +1 – 1 = 𝑒 2𝑥+1
𝑥+2
Solution: f(x) = 𝑥−1

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−2 2
𝑒 2𝑥 + 1 = =
𝑦−1 1−𝑦
So, for x = 10, y(x) = maximum (4x 10 + 3, 3 x
2 1+𝑦 10 + 6) = maximum (43, 36) = 43
𝑒 2𝑥 = 1−𝑦 -1 = 1−𝑦 42. Ans. (d)
1+𝑦 Solution: y = f(x) = |x| -x
2x = log 1−𝑦
if x = 1, then y = 0
1 1+𝑦
If x = 2, then y = 0
x = 2log1−𝑦 If x = -1 then y = 1
Here, these coordinates are not of any graphs.
1 1+𝑥 So, the answer is option (d).
then 𝑓 −1(𝑥) = log
2 1−𝑥
43. Ans. (b)
38. Ans. (d)
1+𝑥 3𝑥+ 𝑥 3
Solution: Assume a =x , b=x, c = 2x
Solution: f(x) = log 1−𝑥 and g(x) = 1
1+3𝑥 2 Then ab𝑐 2 =
64

3𝑥+ 𝑥 3
Then, f[g(x)] = f [ 1+3𝑥 2 ] 1
𝑥 x 𝑥 x (2𝑥)2 = 64 → 𝑥 x 𝑥 x 4𝑥 2 = 64
1

1+(3𝑥+ 𝑥 3 )/ (1𝑥+ 3𝑥 2 ) 1 1
= log 1−(3𝑥+ 𝑥 3 )/(1+ 3𝑥 3 ) 𝑥4 = or x =
512 4

1+(3𝑥 2 +3𝑥+ 𝑥3 )/(1+3𝑥 2 ) 1 1 1

= log 1+(3𝑥 2−3𝑥− 𝑥3 )/(1+3𝑥 2) So, a = , b = , and c =2x =
4 4 2
44. Ans. (b)
(1+𝑥)3 1+𝑥 3 Solution: For minimum value of ab, 2a should
= log = log ( )
(1−𝑥)3 1−𝑥 equal to 3b.
1+𝑥 𝑎 3
= 3log 1−𝑥 = 3f(x) Then, 2a = 3b = =
𝑏 2
39. Ans. (d) Then, a = 3k and b = 2k
40. Ans. (b) Put k = 1, then a = 3 and b = 2
1+𝑥
Solution: f(x) = log 1−𝑥 However, for these values, ab ≠ 2a + 3b
Then put k = 2, then a = 6 and b = 4
1+𝑥 1+𝑦 For a = 6 and b = 4, ab = =2a + 3b
Then, f(x) + f(y) = log + log
1−𝑥 1−𝑦 So, the minimum value of ab = 4 x 6 = 24
45. Ans. (c)
(1+𝑥)(1+𝑦)
= log [(1−𝑥)(1−𝑦)] Solution: Method 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 = 1/𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎
1
1+𝑥+𝑦+𝑥𝑦
= log [ 1− −𝑦+𝑥𝑦 ] (i) Minimum value of x + 𝑥 = 2 if x > 0
Method 2
Then, check the options.
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 b + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 = ? when a > 1, b = 1
Option (b) is the answer because
Put a = b (>1)
𝑥+𝑦 1+(𝑥+𝑦)/(1/𝑥𝑦)
f(1+𝑥𝑦) = log 1−(𝑥+𝑦)(1+𝑥𝑦) Then, 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 b + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 b = 1 + 1 = 2
1+𝑥+𝑦+𝑥 𝑦 If we take a > b or b > a, then the value of the
= log [1 −𝑥−𝑦+𝑥𝑦]
function will b greater than 2.
So, the minimum value of 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 a + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 = 2
= f(x) = f(y)
46. Ans. (b)
[from equation (i)]
Solution: (𝑥 − 2)2 = 9 = (±3)2
41. Ans. (c)
x – 2 = ±3
Solution: f(x) = maximum (4x + 3, 3x + 6) for x ∈
x = 5 or -1 and
[-6, 10] It is clear from the function that for the
(𝑦 − 3)2 = 25 = (±5)2
maximum value of [4x+3, 3x + 6] the value of x
y – 3 = ±5
should be the biggest positive number, which is
y = 8 or -2
+ 10.

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𝑥 5 5 Hence the least value of this function is (-∞)

Then minimum value of = = - (which is
𝑦 −2 2
50. Ans. (c)
minimum).
Solution: Minimum value of f(x) will be attained
47. Ans. (c)
at the median of the critical points f(x), i.e., x =
Solution: |x+y| = 10
4.
minimum value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2will bethe option ,
51. Ans. (d)
when x = y = 5.
52. Ans. (a)
So, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (5)2 = (5)2 = 50
Solution: D = 82 − 4 (𝑘 − 2)(𝑘 + 4) > 0
The maximum value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 (∞)
Or (k+6) (k-4) < 0
48. Ans. (b)
Or -6 < k < 4. So, k = 5.
49. Ans. (d)
53. Ans. (a)
Solution: Least value of (x-2) (𝑥 − 4)2 (𝑥 + 6) =
Solution: Use AM ≥ GM ≥ HM for all the four
?
fractions.
Take x as a negative number.
54. Ans. (c)
If we decrease the value of x, then he value of 55. Ans. (d).
this function will also decrease.

Exercise 05
TITA – Short Answer
1. A function f(x) is defined for all real values of x as f(x) = a𝑥 2 + bx + c, if f(3) = = f(-3) = 18, f(0) = 15, then what
is the value of f(12)?

𝑥 2 +1
2. If f(x) = then f(f(f(2))) = ?
𝑥−1

3. Given f(t) = kt + 1 and g(t) = 3t + 2. If fog = gof, find k.

1 6 1
(𝑥+ ) −(𝑥6 + )−2
𝑥 𝑥6
4. if x > 0, the minimum value of 1 3 3 1 is _____?
(𝑥+ ) +(𝑥 + 3 )
𝑥 𝑥

5. If x and y are real numbers, then the minimum values of 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑦 2 – 4y + 4 is

6. The sum of the possible values of X in the equation |x+7| + |x-8| = 16 is:

7. The figure below shows the graph of a function f(x), how many solutions does the equation f(f(x)) = 15 have

8. If f(x) = 1 – f(1-x), then the value of

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1 2 998
f(999) + f(999) + … + f(999) is:

9. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥 2 + 7x – 9 and g (x) = 2x + 3, then find the value of g(f(x)) at x = 2

10. If y = min (𝑥 2 + 2, 6 − 3𝑥), then the greatest value of y for x > 0

1 − 𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
11. If f (x) = {𝑥 − 1, 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4}
1, 4 ≤𝑥 ≤ 6

1 45
Then find, f(0) + f(2) + f(1) + f(18):

12. If f(x, y) = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 - 𝑦 2 + 4, then f(f(2, 3), f(1-, 1) is equal to:

13. If f(x) = 2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 1 and g(x) = |x+5|, then the value off [g{f(g(-6)))}] is:

14. If |x| + |y| = 7, then what is the sum of the minimum and the maximum values of x + y?

(𝑎+1)2 (𝑏+1)2 (𝑐+1)2

15. What is the minimum value of 𝑎
+ 𝑏
+ 𝑐
?
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 12

Exercise 05 Solutions
1. Ans. 63  2k+1=5
Solution: Since f(0) = 15, we get c = 15.  k = 2.
Next, we have f(3) = = f(-3) = 18. Using the 4. Ans. 6
information we get: 1
Solution: For x > 0.x + 𝑥 has a minimum value of
9a + 3b + c = 9a - 3b + c → 3b = -3b
2, when x is taken as 1. Why we would need to
1
minimize x + is because it is raised to the
∴ 6b = 0, b = 0. 𝑥
1
Also, since power 6 in the numerator, so allowing x + to
𝑥
f(3) = 9a + 2b + c = 18 → we get: 9a + 15 = 18 become greater than its minimum would
→ a = 1/3 increase the value of the expression. Also, the
𝑥2
The quadratic function becomes f(x) = + 15. value of any expression of the form 𝑥 𝑛 +
3
1
F(12) = 144/3 + 15 = 63. would also give us a value of 2.
𝑥𝑛
2. Ans. (7.86) Hence the value of the expression would be:
22 +1 1 6 1
Solution: f(2) = =5 (𝑥+ ) −(𝑥 6 + )−2 26 −2−2
2−1 𝑥 𝑥6
1 3 1 = 23 +2
=6
(𝑥+ ) +(𝑥3 + 3)
𝑥 𝑥
52 +1 26 5. Ans. 2
f(f(2)) = f(5) = =
5−1 4 Solution: 𝑥 2 + 4xy + 𝑦 2 – 4y + 4
26 2 676+16
( ) +1
26
f(f(f(2))) = f ( 4 ) = 4
= 16 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 4xy + 2𝑦 2 – 4y + 2 +2
26 22
−1
4 4 = (𝑥 + 2𝑦)2 + 2 (𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1) + 2
The above expression is minimum for y = 1, x =
692 4
= 16
x 22 = 7.86 -2
3. Ans. 2 So minimum value of the given expression = 0 +
Solution: fog = f(3t + 2 ) = k(3t + 2) + 1 0 + 2 = 2.
gof = f(kt + 1) = 3 (kt + 1 ) + 2 6. Ans. 1
k (3t+2) + 1 = 3 (kt + 1) + 2 Solution: For x < -7

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|x+7| + |x+8| = -(x+7) – (x-8) - (x+7) – (x-8) = 16 x = 1 or x = -4

∴ at x = 1, y = 3 (∴ x > 0)
-2x + 1 = 16 11. Ans. 3
x = -7.5 1 1 1
Solution. f (0) = 1 – 0 = 1, f(2) = 1 - 2 = 2 = 0.5
Fro -7 ≤ x ≤ 8 45
f(1) = 1-1 = 0, f(18) = 2.5 – 1 = 1.5
1 45
|x +7| + |x-8| = x + 7 – x + 8 = 2x – 1 ∴ f(0) + f(2) + f(1) + f(18) = 1 + 0.5 + 0 + 1.5 = 3
Therefore the given equation has no solution in
12. Ans. 95
this range.
Solution: f(x) = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 + 4
For x ≥ 8
Then, f((f(2, 3), f(-1, 1)]
|x+7| + |x-8| = x + 7 + x – 8 = 2x – 1
Then value of f(2,3) = 3(22) – 2 x 2 x 3 – (3)2 +
2x – 1 = 16
17 4
 x= 2
= 8.5 = 12 – 12 – 9 + 4 = - 5 (i)
7. Ans. 7 f(-1, 1) = 3 (−1)2 − 2 x -1 x 1 = (1)2 + 4
Solution: According to the graph, f(4) = 15 and = 3 + 2 – 1+ 4 = 8 (ii)
f(12) = 15. Then f(f(2,3), f(-1,1) = f(-5, 8)
So f(f(x)) = 15 for f(x) = 4, 12. = 3(−5)2 – 2 x -5 x 8 – (8)2 + 4
According to the graph f(x) = 4. Has four = 75 + 80 – 64 + 4 = 95
solutions. 13. Ans. 359
According to the graph f(x) = 12 has three Solution: f(x) = 22𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 1 and g(x) = |x+5|
solutions.
Hence the given equation has 7 solution. Then the value of f|f(f(-6))}]
8. Ans. 499 = f[g(f(-6)+5|)}] [Since g(x) = |x+5|]
Solution. f (x) = 1- f(1-x) = f[g{f(1)}] = f[g{2(1)2 + 6(1) – 1}] = f(g){2 + 6 –
 f(x) + f(1-x) = 1 1}] = 1
1 2 997 998
Now, f(
999
) + (999) + … (999) + f (999) f[g{7}]
= f[1|75|] = f[12]
1 998 2 2 = 2 (12)2 + 6 (12) – 1 = 2 x 144 + 72 – 1 =
= [𝑓 (999) + 𝑓 (999)] + [𝑓 (999) + 𝑓 (1 − 999)] +
288 + 71 = 359
…. 14. Ans. 0
= 1 + 1 + 1 + … 499 times = 499 Solution: |x| + |y| = 7
9. Ans. 29 The minimum value of x + y will be attained,
Solution. g (f(x)) = g(f(2)) = g(f(2)) = g(13) = 29 when both are negative.
So, minimum of x + y = -7
∴ f(2) = 2. (2)2 + 7(2) − 9 = 13 The maximum value of x + y will be attained
And g(13) = 2 x 13 + 3 = 29 when both are positive.
10. Ans. 3 So, maximum of x + y = 7
Solution. y is maximum when 𝑥 2 + 2 = 6 − 3𝑥 Then, maximum of (x+y) and minimum of
i.e., 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4 = 0 (x+y) = 7 + (-7) = 0
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 𝑥 − 4 = 0 15. Ans. 12
x (x-4) – 1 (x+4) = 0

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