KEY CONCEPTS

THINGS TO REMEMBER :
 
1. If sin  = sin    = n  + (1)n  where    ,  , n  I .
 2 2
2. If cos  = cos    = 2 n  ±  where   [0 , ] , n  I .
3. If tan  = tan    = n  +  where     ,   , n  I .
 2 2
4. If sin²  = sin²    = n  ± .
5. cos²  = cos²    = n  ± .
6. tan²  = tan²    = n  ± . [ Note :  is called the principal angle ]
7. TYPES OF TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS :
(a) Solutions of equations by factorising . Consider the equation ;
(2 sin x  cos x) (1 + cos x) = sin² x ; cotx – cosx = 1 – cotx cosx
(b) Solutions of equations reducible to quadratic equations. Consider the equation :
3 cos² x  10 cos x + 3 = 0 and 2 sin2x + 3 sinx + 1 = 0
(c) Solving equations by introducing an Auxilliary argument . Consider the equation :
sin x + cos x = 2 ; 3 cos x + sin x = 2 ; secx – 1 = ( 2 – 1) tanx
(d) Solving equations by Transforming a sum of Trigonometric functions into a product.
Consider the example : cos 3 x + sin 2 x  sin 4 x = 0 ;
sin2x + sin22x + sin23x + sin24x = 2 ; sinx + sin5x = sin2x + sin4x
(e) Solving equations by transforming a product of trigonometric functions into a sum.
Consider the equation :
sin 6 x
sin 5 x . cos 3 x = sin 6 x .cos 2 x ; 8 cosx cos2x cos4x = ; sin3 = 4sin sin2 sin4
sin x
(f) Solving equations by a change of variable :
(i) Equations of the form of a . sin x + b . cos x + d = 0 , where a , b & d are real
numbers & a , b  0 can be solved by changing sin x & cos x into their corresponding
tangent of half the angle. Consider the equation 3 cos x + 4 sin x = 5.
(ii) Many equations can be solved by introducing a new variable . eg. the equation
sin4 2 x + cos4 2 x = sin 2 x . cos 2 x changes to
 1
2 (y + 1)  y   = 0 by substituting , sin 2 x . cos 2 x = y..
2
(g) Solving equations with the use of the Boundness of the functions sin x & cos x or by
making two perfect squares. Consider the equations :
 x   x 
sin x  cos  2 sin x +  1 sin  2cos x  . cos x = 0 ;
 4   4 
4 11
sin2x + 2tan2x + tanx – sinx + =0
3 12
8. TRIGONOMETRIC INEQUALITIES : There is no general rule to solve a Trigonometric inequations
and the same rules of algebra are valid except the domain and range of trigonometric functions should be
kept in mind.
 x  1
Consider the examples : log 2  sin  < – 1 ; sin x  cos x   < 0 ; 5  2 sin 2 x  6 sin x  1
 2  2
 EXERCISE–I
Q.1 Solve: tan + sec = 3 for values of  between 0° & 360° .

Q.2 Solve the inequality : tan 2 x   

3  1 tan x  3  0
Q.3 Find the general solution of the trigonometric equation
16 cos 4 x  8 cos 2 x  1  16 cos 4 x  24 cos 2 x  9  2 .

Q.4 Solve for x , the equation 13  18 tanx = 6 tan x – 3, where – 2 < x < 2.

Q.5 If  &  are two distinct roots of the equation , a tan + b sec = c then prove that :
2ac
tan (+ ) = 2 2 .
a c
Q.6 Find the principal solution of the trigonometric equation
1 3x 2
cot 3x  sin 2 x   3 cos x  sin x  2  sin 
4 2 2
Q.7 Determine the smallest positive value of x which satisfy the equation, 1  sin 2 x  2 cos 3 x  0 .

 
Q.8 2 sin  3 x    1  8 sin 2 x . cos 2 2 x
 4
3 1
Q.9 Given that A, B are positive acute angle, solve: 3 sin 2A = sin 2B & 3 sin2A + sin2B = .
2

a 2  ac  b 2
Q.10 If  &  satisfy the equation, a cos 2 + b sin 2 = c then prove that: cos2 + cos2 = .
a 2  b2
Q.11 Find the solution set of the equation, log x 2 6x (sin 3x + sin x) = log x 2 6x (sin 2x).
10 10

Q.12 Solve the inequality: sin 3x < sin x.

Q.13 Solve for x, ( x ) the equation; 2 (cos x + cos 2 x) + sin 2 x (1 + 2 cos x) = 2 sin x.
Q.14 Find the general values of  for which the quadratic function
cos   sin 
(sin) x2 + (2cos)x + is the square of a linear function.
2
Q.15 If sin A = sin B & cos A = cos B , find the values of A in terms of B.

Q.16 If  &  are the roots of the equation , a cos + b sin = c then prove that :
2bc c 2 a 2
(i) sin + sin = (ii) sin . sin =
a b 2
2
a 2 b 2
  2b   c a
(iii) tan + tan = (iv) tan . tan =
2 2 a c 2 2 c a
Q.17 Solve: tan22x + cot22x + 2 tan 2x + 2 cot 2x = 6.
 x
sec 2
Q.18 Solve the equation: 1 + 2 cosecx = – 2.
2
Q.19 Solve: tan2x . tan23x . tan 4x = tan2x  tan23x + tan 4x.
Q.20 Find the set of values of x satisfying the equality
   3  2 cos 7 x
sin  x   – cos  x   = 1 and the inequality  2 cos 2 x .
 4  4  cos 3  sin 3
Q.21 Find the sum of all the roots of the equation, sin x  1 , which are less than 100 2. Also Find the sum
of the square roots of these roots. Now, can we conclude that all the roots cos x  0 are also the roots
of sin x  1 ? Justify your answer..

 x  x
Q.22 Solve: sin    cos    2 sin x .
 2   2 
2x  1 2x  1 2x  1
Q.23 Find the general solution of the equation, sin + sin  3 cos2 = 0.
x 3x 3x
Q.24 Let S be the set of all those solutions of the equation,
(1 + k)cos x cos (2x ) = (1 + k cos 2x) cos(x ) which are independent of k & . Let H be the
set of all such solutions which are dependent on k & . Find the condition on k &  such that H is a non-
empty set, state S. If a subset of H is (0, ) in which k = 0 , then find all the permissible values of .
Q.25 Solve the equation : sin 5x = 16 sin5 x.
x cos 3 y  3x cos y sin 2 y  14
Q.26 Solve for x & y,
x sin 3 y  3x cos 2 y sin y  13

Q.27 Find all values of 'a' for which every root of the equation, a cos 2x + a cos 4x + cos 6x = 1
1
is also a root of the equation, sin x cos 2 x = sin 2x cos 3x  sin 5x , and conversely, every root
2
of the second equation is also a root of the first equation .

1 1 1
log5 sin x  log15 cos x
Q.28 Solve the equation for x, 52  52 =15 2

Q.29 Find the general solution of the equation, tan2(x + y) + cot2(x + y) = 1 – 2x – x2.

Q.30 Prove that the equations

(a) sin x · sin 2x · sin 3x = 1 (b) sin x · cos 4x · sin 5x = – 1/2
have no solution.

EXERCISE–II
Q.1 The number of values of x in the interval [0, 5] satisfying the equation
3 sin2x  7 sinx + 2 = 0 is
(A) 0 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 10
Q.2 Find the general values of x and y satisfying the equations
5 sinx cosy = 1 , 4 tanx = tany
Q.3 Find real values of x for which, 27cos 2x . 81sin 2x is minimum . Also find this minimum value.

Q.4 Solve the following system of equations for x and y

(cos ec 2 x  3 sec 2 y) (2 cos ecx  3 |sec y|)
5 = 1 and 2 = 64.

Q.5 The number of integral values of k for which the equation 7cosx + 5sinx = 2k + 1 has a solution is
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 12

Q.6 cos( – ) = 1 and cos( + ) = 1/e, where ,   [–, ], numbers of pairs of ,  which satisfy both
the equations is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4

Q.7 If 0 <  < 2, then the intervals of values of  for which 2sin2 – 5sin + 2 > 0, is
    5    5 
(A)  0,    , 2  (B)  , 
 6  6  8 6 
     5   41 
(C)  0,    ,  (D)  , 
 8 6 6   48 
 ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE–I
 
Q.1  = 30° Q.2 n+ <x<n + ; nI
4 3
    2 5 
Q.3 x  n  , n    n  , n   n  I
 6 3  3 6
2
Q.4   2  ;    ,  ,  +  , where tan  =
3
 17 
Q.6 x = /6 only Q.7 x = /16 Q.8 x  2n  or 2n  ; n I
12 12
5
Q.9 A = 15° , B = 30° Q.11 x = 
3
  3      5 
Q.12 x  2n  , 2n     2n  , 2n    2n   , 2n   ; n  I
 4 4   4   4 
  
Q.13 , ,  Q.14 2n  or (2n+1) – tan–12 , n I Q.15 A = 2 n + B
3 2 4
n  n  
Q.17 x = + (1)n or + (1)n+1 Q.18 x = 2 n  
4 8 4 24 2
3
Q.19 (2 n  1)  k  , where n , k  I Q.20 x = 2n + , n I
4 4
765  2 55 
Q.21 , . All the roots of cos x  0 are not the same as those of sin x  1
4 2
2 2
   4m  
Q.22 x =  4 n    or x =    where m, n  W.
 2  3 2
2 1
Q.23 x = or where n  I
6 n   3  4 3 n   3 ( 1) n sin 1 43  2
Q.24 (i) k sin  1 (ii) S = n  , n  I (iii)  ( m  , 2  - m) m  I
 1
Q.25 x = n  or x = n  ± Q.26 x = ± 5 5 & y = n + tan1
6 2
 
Q.27 a = 0 or a <  1 Q.28 x = 2n + , nI Q.29 x = – 1 , y = n ± +1
6 4
EXERCISE–II
 3
      
Q.1 C Q.2y= (n  m)  (1) n  (1) m ;x= (m  n)  (1) n  (1) m where  = sin–1  5  , m, nI
2 4 2 2 4 2
 1 1 3  1 1 3
Q.3 Min. value = 3 5 for x = (4n – 1) – tan , nI; max. value =35 for x=(4n + 1) – tan , nI]
4 2 4 4 2 4
 
Q.4 x = n + (–1)n and y = m + where m & n are integers. Q.5 B Q.6 D Q.7 A
6 6