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Lecture 2

This document summarizes a lecture on electromagnetic field theory. It discusses topics like electric flux density, Gauss's law, and divergence. It provides examples of applying Gauss's law to different charge configurations like point charges, line charges, and spherical shells. It also discusses the physical significance of divergence and the divergence theorem. Boundary conditions for electric fields and electric displacements are explained for situations involving one or two dielectrics. Several problems from GATE exams are presented and solved.

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mani shankar
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
72 views

Lecture 2

This document summarizes a lecture on electromagnetic field theory. It discusses topics like electric flux density, Gauss's law, and divergence. It provides examples of applying Gauss's law to different charge configurations like point charges, line charges, and spherical shells. It also discusses the physical significance of divergence and the divergence theorem. Boundary conditions for electric fields and electric displacements are explained for situations involving one or two dielectrics. Several problems from GATE exams are presented and solved.

Uploaded by

mani shankar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 2

Electromagnetic Field Theory

“Our thoughts and feelings have


Dr. G.V. Nagesh Kumar
Professor and Head, Department of EEE, electromagnetic reality.
JNTUA College of Engineering Pulivendula
Manifest wisely.”
Topics

1. Electric Flux Density


2. Gauss’s Law
3. Divergence

2
Faraday Experiment

3
Electric Flux

• Faraday found that the total charge on the outer sphere was equal in magnitude to
the original charge placed on the inner sphere and that this was true regardless of
the dielectric material separating the two spheres.
• He concluded that there was some sort of “displacement” from the inner sphere
to the outer which was independent of the medium, and referred to this flux as
displacement, displacement flux, or simply electric flux.
• Faraday’s experiments also showed, of course, that a larger positive charge on the
inner sphere induced a correspondingly larger negative charge on the outer
sphere, leading to a direct proportionality between the electric flux and the charge
on the inner sphere.
• If electric flux is denoted by Ψ(psi) and the total charge on the inner sphere by Q,
then for Faraday’s experiment

• and the electric flux Ψ is measured in coulombs.


4
Properties of Flux Lines

5
Properties of Flux Lines

6
Electric Flux Density

7
D : Vector Form

8
D due to Point Charge ‘Q’

9
Relation between D and E

10
Relation between D and E : Obs.

11
D and E due to Charge Configurations

12
Relation between D and E

13
Gauss’s Law

14
Gaussian Surfaces

15
Proof of Gauss’s Law

16
Steps to apply Gauss’s Law

17
Applications of Gauss’s Law
Point Charge

18
Applications of Gauss’s Law
Infinite Line Charge

19
Applications of Gauss’s Law
Coaxial Cable

20
Applications of Gauss’s Law
Infinite Sheet of Charge

21
Applications of Gauss’s Law
Spherical Shell of Charge

22
Applications of Gauss’s Law
Spherical Shell of Charge

23
Applications of Gauss’s Law
Spherical Shell of Charge

24
Applications of Gauss’s Law
Spherical Shell of Charge

25
Applications of Gauss’s Law
Uniformly Charged Sphere

26
Applications of Gauss’s Law
Uniformly Charged Sphere

27
Applications of Gauss’s Law
Uniformly Charged Sphere

28
Gauss’s Law to differential element

29
Gauss’s Law to differential element

30
Divergence

31
Divergence : Physical Meaning

32
Divergence

33
Physical Significance of Divergence

34
The Vector Operator ‘del’

35
Properties of Divergence of Vector Field

36
Maxwells First Equation

37
Divergence Theorem

38
Boundary Conditions

39
Boundary Conditions

40
Boundary Conditions

41
Boundary Conditions

42
Boundary Conditions

43
Boundary Conditions

44
Boundary Conditions : Two Dielectrics

45
Boundary Conditions : Two Dielectrics

46
Boundary Conditions : Two Dielectrics

47
Boundary Conditions : Two Dielectrics

48
Boundary Conditions : Two Dielectrics

49
Boundary Conditions : Two Dielectrics

50
Problem : GATE 2009

51
Problem : GATE 2013

52
Problem : GATE 2014

53
Solution

54
Problem: GATE 2015

55
Solution

56
Problem : GATE 2015

57
Problem : GATE 2017

58
Problem : GATE 2017

59
Problem : GATE 2018

60
Problem : GATE 2020

61
Problem : GATE 2001

62
Solution

63
Problem : GATE 2020

64
Problem : GATE 2020

65
Problem : GATE 2014

66
Problem : GATE 2015

67
Problem : GATE 2016

68
Problem : GATE 1994

Ans. TRUE

69
Problem : GATE 2005

Ans. Option (d)


70
Problem : GATE 2007

Ans. Option (a)

71
Problem : GATE 2012

Ans. Option (a)

72
Problem : GATE 2014

Ans. Option (c)


73
Problem : GATE 2015

Ans. Option (c)

74
Problem : GATE 2007

Ans. Option (a) 75


Problem : GATE 2015

Ans. Option (a) 76


Problem : GATE 2006

Ans. Option (d)

77
Thank you
Email: nagesh.eee@jntua.ac.in

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