HIV and AIDS For Human Health: Common Symptoms of AIDS

1308621065 – Muhammad Hilal Hakimuddin
Topic: Biology | Essay type: Analytics

BB 2021 of Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, UNJ
HIV and AIDS For Human Health
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a disease that can affect anyone. AIDS
(Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a
syndrome with symptoms of opportunistic infections or certain cancers due to a decrease in the
immune system by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection. HIV is a cytopathic virus
classified in the family Retroviruses, subfamily Lentivirinae, genus Lentivirus. According to
Nursalam, there are two types of HIV that can cause AIDS, namely HIV-1 and HIV-2.
Common Symptoms of AIDS

According to Mansjoer, there are two symptoms of being infected with HIV/AIDS, namely
major symptoms and minor symptoms. The major symptoms of HIV/AIDS include weight loss of
more than 10% in 1 month, chronic diarrhea lasting more than 1 month, prolonged fever for more
than 1 month, decreased consciousness and neurological disorders, and encephalopathy. Minor
symptoms of HIV/AIDS include persistent cough for more than 1 month, generalized dermatitis,
herpes zoster recurrent multisegmental, oropharyngeal candidiasis, chronic progressive herpes
simplex, generalized lymphadenopathy, recurrent fungal infections of the female genitalia and
cytomegalovirus retinitis.
HIV AIDS Transmission Myths

The lack of knowledge about HIV AIDS causes someone who has AIDS like someone who
has fallen on top of a ladder. That is, they do not get help or sympathy from others due to some false
myths. The myth is that HIV/AIDS can be transmitted through hugging, shaking hands, using the
same glass, sharing the same bathroom, sneezing, mosquito bites, and coughing.
Fluids that are not potentially infected with the HIV virus are tears, saliva (unless there is a
cut on the lips when kissing), and sweat. We can still be friends with them (AIDS sufferers) without
fear of being infected. Besides medicine, they need friends to share and complain with.
Transmission of HIV/AIDS is divided into the following:

1. Transmission Through Sexual Contact
Sexual contact through vaginal, anal, and oral sex with an unprotected person with HIV can
transmit HIV. HIV virus can be found in semen, vaginal fluid and cervical fluid
2. Transmission Through Blood or Blood Products
HIV can be transmitted through blood and blood products. Especially in individuals who use
intravenous narcotics by sharing needles.
3. Vertical Transmission
Vertical transmission can occur from an HIV-infected mother to her fetus during pregnancy,
during delivery, and after delivery through breastfeeding.
4. Transmission Through Unsterile Medical Devices
Obstetrical examination tools such as speculum, tenaculum, and other tools that touch blood,
vaginal fluids or semen that are infected with HIV and are directly used for other people who are
not infected can transmit HIV.
5. Transmission to Health Officers and Laboratory Officers

The risk of HIV transmission exists in groups of workers exposed to HIV such as health workers,
laboratory workers, and people who work with HIV-infected specimens or materials, especially
when using sharp objects.
How to Prevent HIV Virus

HIV transmission can be prevented by following:
1. Avoid sexual contact with people who are known to have AIDS and use intravenous anesthetics
2. Sexual intercourse with multiple partners gives a greater chance of getting AIDS
3. Having sexual intercourse that can damage the rectal mucous membrane
4. Do not share intravenous syringes
5. Do not donate blood for people at high risk of AIDS.
Prevention of HIV/AIDS in addition to being carried out in an integrated manner, prevention
must also be carried out early. This prevention is carried out through promotional activities,
including through:
1. Counseling and disseminating correct information to the public in order to increase public
knowledge and understanding;
2. Providing quality, adequate and easily accessible information media for the public;
3. Provide education to youth, especially high school students about HIV and AIDS prevention in
formal and non-formal school education curriculum materials that are integrated with Physical
Education and Health (Penjaskes).
As there is no cure for the virus, HIV is considered a fearful subject by many people. This has
led to misconceptions and stereotypes that often prevent people from seeking information, testing, or
treatment. The best method to combat this virus is through increasing the education in the
community about prevention and making those prevention methods readily available especially to
those individuals who are classified as having a greater risk of catching the virus.
References
Djuanda Adhi. 2006. Ilmu Penyakit dan Kelamin. Edisi Empat Cetakan Ketiga. Jakarta: Fakultas
Kedokteran UI. Hlm. 62.
Hasanudin. 2008. Penelitian: Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Lingkungan Keluarga dengan
Upaya Pencegahan HIV/AIDS. pada siswa SMU N 5 Palu. Vol. 1 No. 4.
Kedaulatan Rakyat. 2014. Penderita HIV/AIDS di Banyumas Terus Naik. KR. Kamis 4 September
2014. Yogyakarta.
Kurniawati, N. D. Nursalam. 2009. Op. Cit. Hlm. 29.
Nasronudin. 2007. Op. Cit. Hlm. 40.
S. F. Daili dkk. 2009. Infeksi Menular Seksual. Edisi Keempat. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI.
hlm. 17.

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1308621065 – Muhammad Hilal Hakimuddin

Topic: Biology | Essay type: Analytics

HIV and AIDS For Human Health

Common Symptoms of AIDS

HIV AIDS Transmission Myths

Transmission of HIV/AIDS is divided into the following:

5. Transmission to Health Officers and Laboratory Officers

How to Prevent HIV Virus

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