Research Publications

Research
Publication to
Reputable
Journals
HAROLD JAN R. TERANO
Full Professor, College of Engineering and Architecture
Director, Center for Research and Development
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
haroldterano@cspc.edu.ph
01 Academic / Scholarly Journal
Outline
02 How to Publish in Journals
Indexed Journals
03
How to Prepare a manuscript for

04 journals
Country Ranking
65 Out of 242
• Source: Scopus (1996-2021)

QS WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS
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PROPOSED
GUIDELINES ON
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RECLASSIFICATI
ON OF FACULTY
POSITIONS IN
SUCS
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• Publication Requirements for Graduate Students
Faculty Requirements
Academic/ Scholarly Journal
Is a peer-reviewed or refereed periodical in which

scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is
published.
this serve as forums for the introduction and presentation

for scrutiny of new research and the critique of existing
research.
content typically takes the form of articles

presenting original research, review articles and
book reviews.
ACADEMIC / SCHOLARLY JOURNAL
• the purpose of academic journal according to Henry Oldenburg
(first editor of the world’s oldest academic journal), is to give
researchers avenue to “impart their knowledge to one another,
and contribute what they can to the Grand design of improving
natural knowledge and perfecting all Philosophical Arts and
Sciences”.
Articles in Research Journal
Original Research
This is the most common type of journal manuscript used to publish full reports of data from
research. It may be called an Original Article, Research Article, Research, or just Article, depending
on the journal. The Original Research format is suitable for many different fields and different types
of studies. It includes a full Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections.
Short reports or Letters

Co
These papers communicate brief reports of data from original research that editors believe will be
nt
interesting to many researchers, and that will likely stimulate further research in the field.eAs
nt they
are relatively short the format is useful for scientists with results that are time sensitive s 0(for
3
example, those in highly competitive or quickly-changing disciplines). This format often has strict
length limits, so some experimental details may not be published until the authors write a
full Original Research manuscript. These papers are also sometimes called Brief communications.
Source: Springer
Articles in Research Journal
Review Articles
Review Articles provide a comprehensive summary of research on a certain topic, and a perspective
on the state of the field and where it is heading. They are often written by leaders in a particular
discipline after invitation from the editors of a journal. Reviews are often widely read (for example, by
researchers looking for a full introduction to a field) and highly cited. Reviews commonly cite
approximately 100 primary research articles.
Case Studies
These articles report specific instances of interesting phenomena. A goal of Case Studies is to make
other researchers aware of the possibility that a specific phenomenon might occur. This type of
study is often used in medicine to report the occurrence of previously unknown or emerging
pathologies.
Methodologies or Methods Co
These articles present a new experimental method, test or procedure. The method describednt
en may
ts
either be completely new, or may offer a better version of an existing method. The article should
04
describe a demonstrable advance on what is currently available.
Source: Springer
Reasons to publish research papers
The act of putting your research to
paper will help you clarify your goals for
the research, will help you in reviewing Publishing helps establish
and interpreting your own data and you as an expert in your field
force you to compare your work with of knowledge.
that of others.
Peer review gives you important Having a robust body of

feedback on the validity of your published works helps
research approach, and can advance your career as you
provide insight on next steps for are considered for academic
advancing and interpreting your appointments and
work. promotions.
Communicating the information that you

have found will help other researchers Your published paper can
advance their work, thus building on the help in the public
body of knowledge that exists in your field. understanding of a
research question.
Source: How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper by Dr. Luz Claudio (2018)
How to publish
in journals?
How to Identify
Reputable Journals?
1. Publisher
2. Editorial Policy
3. Peer Review
4. Editorial Board
5. Indexing
6. Consistency
7. Impact Factors
• Claims to be a peer reviewed open access publication but
does not provide adequate peer review or the level of peer
review promised (some predatory journals repeatedly use a
template as their peer review report)
• Advertises a Journal Impact Factor or other citation metric

on the website that is incorrect or cannot be verified.
CHARATERISTICS
OF PREDATORY • May advertise an unrealistic timeline for publication.
JOURNALS
• Publishes all articles for which authors pay an APC
even if the article is low quality, unrelated to the topic
of the journal, or nonsensical.
• Publishes articles that have many grammar mistakes

(little or no copyediting).
Source: Predatory Journals: What They Are and How to Avoid Them (Elmore & Weston, 2020)
CHARATERISTICS
OF PREDATORY
JOURNALS
• Editorial board includes people who do • Aggressively targets potential
not exist, do not have credentials authors through emails.
relevant to the topic of the journal,
have affiliations that cannot be verified,
or are real people who are not aware • May state that offices are in one
that they are listed as members. country but contact details are in
another.
• Mimics name or website of other well-
known, legitimate journals. • Solicitation emails contain
grammatical errors of phishing
scams
CHARATERISTICS OF
PREDATORY JOURNALS
• Lack of transparency about acceptance process or
APCs, so that authors do not know how much they will
be charged until their article is accepted.
• Requires authors sign away their copyright to the
article at the time of submission, making it
impossible for the author to submit the article to
another publisher.
• Publishes articles submitted before the authors have
signed the publishing agreement, then refuses to take
the article down if the author withdraws the
submission.
• Removes articles or entire journals from the web
without warning or informing authors.
Acceptable Article
• Novelty, not out of date

• Good presentation and
writing
• No plagiarized contents
• Following author guidelines
IMPORTANT PUBLISHING
ADVISE:
1. Choose the target journal

2. Read the GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
3. Submit to the journal
4. Submit to one journal only
5. Check the grammar and similarity
index
• Fails the technical screening
• Suspected for plagiarism, or republishing of articles
• Lack of information
• References are incomplete/insufficient
• Does not fall within the aims and scope of the journal
• The procedures and/or analysis of the data is seen to
Reasons for be defective.
Article • The conclusions cannot be justified on the basis of
Rejection the rest of the paper.
• The arguments are illogical, unstructured or
invalid.
• The data does not support the conclusions.
• Language, structure, or figures are so weak.
• The work is not of interest to the readers of the specific
journals.
• Author submits manuscript to academic
journal editor.
• Editor determines whether manuscript has
sufficient merit to be reviewed by the editorial
board or selected reviewers.
• Manuscript sent back to the author with a
rejection letter or sent on to reviewers.
• Reviewers return the manuscript to the editor
with comments and recommendations
(depending on peer review model).
PUBLICATION • Editor sends manuscript back to the author
either a rejection letter or a request of
PROCESS revisions.
• Author revises manuscript and resubmits to
editor.
• Editor (sometimes) sends revised manuscript
back to reviewers.
• Editor accepts or rejects manuscript.
• Author provides editing or proofing of final
copy before publication.
• Paper is eventually published in journal.
Journal
Indexing
Scopus (https://www.scopus.com )
• is Elsevier’s abstract and citation database launched in 2004.

• Covers nearly 36,377 titles (22,794 active titles and 13,583
inactive titles from approximately 11,678 publishers, of which
34,346 are peer-reviewed journals in top-level subject fields: life
sciences, social sciences, physical sciences and health sciences.
• it covers 3 types of sources: book series, journals and trade
journals.
RESEARCH PUBLICATION TO REPUTABLE JOURNALS
25
SCOPUS HOMEPAGE
26
SCOPUS “SOURCES” AREA

27
CHOOSE FROM “SUBJECT AREA”

28
EXAMPLE:
Web of Science (https://mjl.clarivate.com)
• is previously known as the Web of Knowledge
• it was originally produces by the Institute for Scientific Information
(ISI)
• it is currently maintained by Clarivate (previously the Intellectual
Property and Science business of Thomson Reuters)
consists of six online databases:
1. Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) covers more than 9,200
notable journals encompassing 178 disciplines. Coverage is from the
year 1900 to the present day, with over 53 million records.
2. Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) covers more than 3,400
journals in social science disciplines. Range of coverage is from the
year 1900 to the present day, with over 9.3 million records.
3. Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) covers more than 1,800
arts and humanities journals starting from 1975 to present, with over
4.9 million records.
consists of six online databases:
4. Emerging Sources Citation Index covers over 7,800 journals in all
disciplines. Coverage is from 2005 to present, with over 3 million
records.
5. Book Citation Index covers more than 116,000 editorially selected
books starting from 2005 to present, with over 53.2 million records.
6. Conference Proceedings Citation Index (CPCI) covers more than
205,000 conference proceedings. Coverage is from 1990 to present,
with over 70.1 million records.
32
WEB OF SCIENCE HOMEPAGE

33
SEARCH A JOURNAL OR ANY KEYWORDS

34
VIEWING DETAILS REQUIRES AN ACCOUNT

2021
35
ASEAN Citation Index

(https://asean-cites.org/)
36
ASEAN CITATION INDEX HOMEPAGE

37
EXAMPLE
2021
38
CHED-accredited journals
39
2021
40
How to prepare
manuscript for
journals?
42
ABSTRACT
An abstract summarizes, in one paragraph (usually), the major aspects of the
entire paper in the following prescribed sequence. This can contain at least 150-300
words.
• Establishing the context. (this is optional) Provide background about the context of
research; pointing out the importance of the current study; and/or identifying gaps in
previous research.
• Stating the Purpose. Indicate the purpose of the current study or what this study does
• Describing methodology. Describe the materials, subjects, variables, procedures.
• Presenting the results. Report the main result/findings of the research.
• Discussing the Findings. Interpret the results; prove recommendations; and/or
discuss implications or applications.
43
SAMPLE ABSTRACT
Hydropower is a renewable energy resource that is available to various areas in any part of
the world. It is less expensive compared to other sources of energy and is environment-
friendly since it does not release any greenhouse gases that may affect the environment.
Rivers and falls are abundant water resources in the Philippines which are commonly found in
many parts of the country. Rinconada is the common name of the 5th District of Camarines Sur
province. This area is abundant in water resources such as falls and rivers, and potential sites
for hydropower plants can be determined. Measurements of parameters and requirements
served as bases in determining potential sites for the hydropower plant. Results found that
Tubigan falls can produce a power capacity of 277.138 kW, 73.561 kW for the Itbog falls,
71.932 kW for the Nalalata falls, and 28.593 kW for the Lologon river. These baseline data will
be helpful for the Local Government Units and other institutions for future plans of installing
hydropower plants in the areas.
Red- Establishing context

Blue- Stating the purpose/introducing the study
Green- Describing methodology
Violet- Presenting the results
Black- Discussing the findings
From: Terano, H. R. th(2021). Preliminary survey of the potential sites for hydropower plant
development in the 5 district of Camarines Sur, Philippines. Advances and Applications in
Mathematical Sciences, 20(12), 3515-3523
44
INTRODUCTION
The goal of the introduction in an IMRaD form is to give the reader an
overview of the literature in the field, show the motivation for your study,
and share what unique perspective your research adds. Generally,
introductions are broken into three parts. However, depending on the
discipline, journal, or purpose of the paper, they may be used in different
ways.
• Establishing a Research Territory. Describes the current state of
knowledge and research on the topic.
• show that the research area is important, problematic or relevant in some way;
• introduce and review previous research in the field.
45
INTRODUCTION
• Establishing a Niche. Establishes motivation for the study.

• One or more of the following are included:
• claim something is wrong with the previous research,
• highlight a gap in the field,
• raise a question where research in the field is unclear,
• contribute something additional to the field.
46
INTRODUCTION
• Occupying the Niche. Shows how your research fills the niche and brings
new perspectives to the field.
• One or more of the following are included:
• outline your purposes and state the nature of your research,
• state your hypothesis or research question you seek to answer,
• share your findings,
• elaborate on the value of your research,
• outline the structure that the research paper will follow.
47
SAMPLE INTRODUCTION
Establishing a Research Territory
It is a great challenge in every educational institution on how to enhance the

quality and standards of the engineering program. There have been issues that
drive the advancement of engineering education in the United States in particular.
These include a declining interest of students in engineering (Melsa, 2007), a
decrease in national achievement in mathematics and sciences at pre-college
levels (Tran & Nathan, 2010), and a lack of technological literacy (Pearson &
Young, 2002). Hence, focusing on the education of precollege population
becomes an alternative to improve situations facing science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics (STEMs) education (Honey, 2014).
In the Philippines, engineering education also has such concerns on how to
improve the knowledge and skills of students. In K-12 program implementation,
the present quality of education is reflected in the inadequate preparation of high
school graduates for higher education because they lack the core competencies
or emotional maturity (DepEd, 2010).
Adapted from: Terano, H. R. (2015). Development and acceptability of the simplified text in differential calculus for
engineering. Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 4(2), 106-126
48
SAMPLE INTRODUCTION
Establishing a Niche
With the prevailing issues, Terano (2015) stressed that the educational
curriculum at the tertiary level should focus both on theories and skills which
involve activities that enhance the critical thinking. Differential Calculus is a
higher engineering mathematics course that is taken mostly during the first
semester of the second year. The course introduces the concepts and theories
of higher mathematics and their applications to engineering. However, a large
majority of engineering students fail to attain proficiency in higher
mathematics subjects that serve as foundation courses of engineering
programs
49
SAMPLE INTRODUCTION
Establishing a Niche
In an attempt to provide the engineering students quality instructional material

(IM) that can supplement their learning process, this study aimed to develop a
Simplified Text in Differential Calculus for engineering and determine its
acceptability. The study is important in providing an effective IM for
engineering students to improve their proficiency in higher mathematics.
50
METHODS
• The purpose of the method section is to provide a step-by-step
description of how you conducted your research to make it
transparent and replicable.
• The idea is to provide enough relevant information so that other
scholars could understand your research process, compare your
findings to similar studies and replicate your research if necessary.
• This where introduces the nature of the data as well as to explain
how the date were collected and analyzed.
Based on Cotos, E., Huffman, S. and Link, S. (2017). A move/step model for methods sections:
Demonstrating rigour and credibility. English for Specific Purposes, 46, 90-106.
51
METHODS
Moves:
• Contextualizing Study Methods. Provides background information about
the study.
• Situate your choice of methodology in relation to previous studies by referencing
them.
• Provide relevant theoretical or empirical information to show connections to the field.
• Restate research purpose, hypothesis or gaps in research.
• Name the methodological approach.
• Describe the physical setting of the study.
• Introduce the subjects/participants.
• Justify pre-experiment choices.
52
METHODS
Moves:
• Describing the Study. Describes in detail what was done and how it was
done.
• Explain how the data were collected, sampled or selected.
• Describe the characteristics of data.
• Identify dependent and independent variables.
• Describe study procedures.
• Justify study decisions and provide purposes for specific steps.
• Described tools used to in the study.
• Share observations or incremental measurements related to the study, but not
crucial for the results.
53
METHODS
Parts:
• Analyzing Data. Explicitly shows data analysis steps to persuade
the readers that the results can be trusted.
• Explain how data were prepared for the analysis.
• Describe how data were analyzed, including coding schemes or tools.
• Justify data processing/analysis.
54
SAMPLE METHOD SECTION

This study was focused on the development of integrated curricula for the master of engineering
programs using the CDIO framework. The Master of Engineering Programs at Camarines Sur
P o l y t e c h n i c C o l l e g e s , a h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n i n s t i t u t i o n i n t h e P h i l i p p i n e s w a s t h e s u b j e c t o f t h e s t u d y.
Revisions of the curricula were done through a series of consultations and FGDs with the faculty and
students of the graduate program, and industry practitioners in order to obtain the most important
courses and descriptions to be developed. Review of the CDIO standards and syllabus formed part in
the whole processes of the development of the integrated curricula. Graduate attributes were
developed, and industry needs survey on the expected proficiency of graduate students were gathered
that served as inputs in the integration of the CDIO skill sets in the developed curricula. The
questionnaire survey was obtained using the CDIO Syllabus v2.0. Respondents were asked to assess
t h e e x p e c t e d l e v e l o f p r o f i c i e n c y, u s i n g a s e t o f d e s c r i p t o r s a s s h o w n i n Ta b l e 2 , i n t h e r a n g e o f s k i l l
sets of the CDIO syllabus [13].
The participants of the study were classified into two groups. The first group is the composition of the
faculty and students of the graduate program, and industry practitioners. They served as the
informants to the series of consultations and FGDs in the revision of the curricula which include the
course contents and descriptions. The second group of respondents is the primary engineering
industries in the Bicol region, Philippines where the majority of graduate students are employed. They
served as the respondents of the industry needs survey in determining the expected levels of
proficiency of graduate students. Arithmetic mean and standard deviation were the statistical tools
u s e d i n t h e a n a l y s i s o f d a t a . C r o n b a c h ’s A l p h a w a s u s e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e r e l i a b i l i t y o f t h e s u r v e y.
Microsoft Excel was used in the analysis of the data.
Adapted from: Terano, H. R. (2019). Development of integrated curricula for the master of engineering programs using the CDIO
framework. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, 9(3), 44-55
55
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

• In the results section, authors systematically report their findings.
• In the discussion, they interpret the findings.
• If the discussion section is not followed by a separate conclusion
section, then the discussion will include elements of a conclusion
as well (e.g., provide limitations, directions for future research,
etc.)
• Depending on the discipline, journal and the nature of the study,
the results, discussion and even conclusion sections can be
organized in varying ways:
• Option 1: Results and discussion in separate sections with conclusion
included in the discussion section
• Option 2: Results and discussion combined; conclusion separate
• Option 3: Results, discussion and conclusion in separate sections
56
RESULTS
• In the results AND
section,DISCUSSIONS
authors systematically report their findings.
• In the discussion, they interpret the findings.
• If the discussion section is not followed by a separate conclusion
section, then the discussion will include elements of a conclusion
as well (e.g., provide limitations, directions for future research,
etc.)
• Depending on the discipline, journal and the nature of the study,
the results, discussion and even conclusion sections can be
organized in varying ways:
• Option 1: Results and discussion in separate sections with conclusion
included in the discussion section
• Option 2: Results and discussion combined; conclusion separate
• Option 3: Results, discussion and conclusion in separate sections
57
• Data or Results?
• Data are information (facts or numbers) that you collected from your
research. Whereas, results are the texts presenting the meaning of your
research.
58

• Common elements in
Figures (Bahadoran,
2019)
• Figure number
• Figure title
• Figure legend (for example a
brief title,
experimental/statistical
information, or definition of
symbols).
• Data
• Labels
59

• Tables in the result section
may contain several elements
(Bahadoran, 2019)
• Table number
• Table title
• Row headings (for example
groups)
• Column headings
• Data
• Row subheadings (for example
categories or groups)
• Column subheadings (for
example categories or variables)
• Footnotes (for example statistical
analyses)
60

• Tips to Write the Results Section
• Direct the reader to the research data and explain the meaning of the data.
• Avoid using a repetitive sentence structure to explain a new set of data.
• Write and highlight important findings in your results.
• Use the same order as the subheadings of the methods section.
• Match the results with the research questions from the introduction. Your results
should answer your research questions.
• Be sure to mention the figures and tables in the body of your text.
• Make sure there is no mismatch between the table number or the figure number in text
and in figure/tables.
• Only present data that support the significance of your study. You can provide
additional data in tables and figures as supplementary material.
61

• How to organize the Discussion Section –List of questions to guide you
when organizing the structure of your discussion section (Viera et al.,
2018)
• What experiments did you conduct and what were the results?
• What do the results mean?
• What were the important results from your study?
• How did the results answer your research questions?
• Did your results support your hypothesis or reject your hypothesis?
• What are the variables or factors that might affect your results?
• What were the strengths and limitations of your study?
• What other published works support your findings?
• What other published works contradict your findings?
• What possible factors might cause your findings different from other findings?
• What is the significance of your research?
• What are new research questions to explore based on your findings?
62

• Organizing the Discussion Section
(Ghasemi, 2019)
• The beginning: The first sentence of the first
paragraph should state the importance and
the new findings of your research. The first
paragraph may also include answers to your
research questions mentioned in your
introduction section.
• The middle: The middle should contain the
interpretations of the results to defend your
answers, the strength of the study, the
limitations of the study, and an update
literature review that validates your findings.
• The end: The end concludes the study and
the significance of your research.
63

• Another possible way to organize the discussion section (Docherty, 1999)
• Discussion of important findings
• Comparison of your results with other published works
• Include the strengths and limitations of the study
• Conclusion and possible implications of your study, including the significance of your study –
address why and how is it meaningful
• Future research questions based on your findings
• Another option (Hofmann, 2013)

• First Paragraph: Provide an interpretation based on your key findings. Then support your
interpretation with evidence.
• Middle Paragraphs: The middle paragraphs should include the following (Secondary results;
Limitations; Unexpected findings; Comparisons to previous publications)
• Last Paragraph: The last paragraph should provide a summarization (conclusion) along with
detailing the significance, implications and potential next steps.
64
CITATION STYLES AND REFERENCING

• There are many different ways of citing resources. The citation
style sometimes depends on the academic discipline involved. For
example:
• APA (American Psychological Association) is used by Education,
Psychology and Sciences
• MLA (Modern Language Association) style is used in the Humanities
• Chicago/Turabian style is generally used by Business, History and the
Fine Arts
• IEEE (Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers) style is used by
engineering, computer science and information technology
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Research

How to Prepare a manuscript for

• Source: Scopus (1996-2021)

Is a peer-reviewed or refereed periodical in which

this serve as forums for the introduction and presentation

content typically takes the form of articles

Short reports or Letters

Peer review gives you important Having a robust body of

Communicating the information that you

• Advertises a Journal Impact Factor or other citation metric

• Publishes articles that have many grammar mistakes

• Novelty, not out of date

1. Choose the target journal

• is Elsevier’s abstract and citation database launched in 2004.

SCOPUS “SOURCES” AREA

CHOOSE FROM “SUBJECT AREA”

WEB OF SCIENCE HOMEPAGE

SEARCH A JOURNAL OR ANY KEYWORDS

VIEWING DETAILS REQUIRES AN ACCOUNT

ASEAN Citation Index

ASEAN CITATION INDEX HOMEPAGE

Red- Establishing context

• Establishing a Niche. Establishes motivation for the study.

It is a great challenge in every educational institution on how to enhance the

In an attempt to provide the engineering students quality instructional material

SAMPLE METHOD SECTION

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

• Another option (Hofmann, 2013)

CITATION STYLES AND REFERENCING

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