Class 7 RQB Term II-1

1. Ashish studies for 4 hours, 5 hours and 3 hours on three consecutive days.
How many hours

does he study daily on an average?
Solution:
Given Ashish studies for 4 hours, 5 hours and 3 hours on three consecutive days
Average number of study hours = sum of hours/ number of days
Average number of study hours = (4 + 5 + 3) ÷ 3
= 12 ÷ 3
= 4 hours
Thus, Ashish studies for 4 hours on an average.
2. A cricketer scores the following runs in 8 innings: 58, 76, 40, 35, 48, 45, 0, 100.
Find the mean score.
Solution:
Given runs in 8 innings: 58, 76, 40, 35, 48, 45, 0, 100
Mean score = total sum of runs/number of innings
The mean score = (58 + 76 + 40 + 35 + 48 + 45 + 0 + 100) ÷ 8
= 402 ÷ 8
= 50.25 runs.
3. The marks (out of 100) obtained by a group of students in science test are 85, 76, 90, 84, 39, 48,
56, 95, 81 and 75. Find the
(i) Highest and the lowest marks obtained by the students.
(ii) Range of marks obtained.
(iii) Mean marks obtained by the group.
Solution:
In order to find the highest and lowest marks, we have to arrange the marks in ascending order as
follows:
39, 48, 56, 75, 76, 81, 84, 85, 90, 95
(i) Clearly, the highest mark is 95 and the lowest is 39.
(ii) The range of the marks obtained is: (95 – 39) = 56.
(iii) From the following data, we have
Mean marks = Sum of the marks/ Total number of students
Mean marks = (39 + 48 + 56 + 75 + 76 + 81 + 84 + 85 + 90 + 95) ÷ 10

= 729 ÷ 10
= 72.9.
Hence, the mean mark of the students is 72.9.
4. The enrolment of a school during six consecutive years was as follows:
1555, 1670, 1750, 2019, 2540, 2820
Find the mean enrolment of the school for this period.
Solution:
Given enrolment of a school during six consecutive years as follows
1555, 1670, 1750, 2019, 2540, 2820
The mean enrolment = Sum of the enrolments in each year/ Total number of years
The mean enrolment = (1555 + 1670 + 1750 + 2019 + 2540 + 2820) ÷ 6
= 12354 ÷ 6
= 2059.
Thus, the mean enrolment of the school for the given period is 2059.
5. The rainfall (in mm) in a city on 7 days of a certain week was recorded as follows:
Day Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Rainfall (in mm) 0.0 12.2 2.1 0.0 20.5 5.3 1.0
(i) Find the range of the rainfall from the above data.
(ii) Find the mean rainfall for the week.
(iii) On how many days was the rainfall less than the mean rainfall.
Solution:
(i) The range of the rainfall = Maximum rainfall – Minimum rainfall
= 20.5 – 0.0
= 20.5 mm.
(ii) The mean rainfall = (0.0 + 12.2 + 2.1 + 0.0 + 20.5 + 5.3 + 1.0) ÷ 7
= 41.1 ÷ 7
= 5.87 mm.
(iii) Clearly, there are 5 days (Mon, Wed, Thu, Sat and Sun), when the rainfall was less than the
mean, i.e., 5.87 mm.
6. If the heights of 5 persons are 140 cm, 150 cm, 152 cm, 158 cm and 161 cm respectively, find
the mean height.
Solution:
The mean height = Sum of the heights /Total number of persons
= (140 + 150 + 152 + 158 + 161) ÷ 5
= 761 ÷ 5
= 152.2 cm.
7. Find the mean of 994, 996, 998, 1002 and 1000.
Solution:
Mean = Sum of the given numbers/Total number of given numbers
Mean = (994 + 996 + 998 + 1002 + 1000) ÷ 5
= 4990 ÷ 5
= 998.
8. Find the mean of first five natural numbers.
Solution:
We know that first five natural numbers = 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Mean of first five natural numbers = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) ÷ 5
= 15 ÷ 5
=3
9. Find the mean of all factors of 10.
Solution:
We know that factors of 10 are 1, 2, 5 and 10
Arithmetic mean of all factors of 10 = (1 + 2 + 5 + 10) ÷ 4
= 18 ÷ 4
= 4.5
10. Find the mean of first 10 even natural numbers.
Solution:
The first 10 even natural numbers are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20.
Mean of first 10 even natural numbers = (2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 16 + 18 + 20) ÷ 10
= 110 ÷ 10
= 11
11. Find the mean of x, x + 2, x + 4, x + 6, x + 8
Solution:
Mean = Sum of observations ÷ Number of observations
Mean = (x + x + 2 + x + 4 + x + 6 + x + 8) ÷ 5
Mean = (5x + 20) ÷ 5
Mean = 5 (x + 4) ÷ 5
Mean = x + 4
12. Find the mean of first five multiples of 3.
Solution:
The first five multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15.
Mean of first five multiples of 3 are = (3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + 15) ÷ 5
= 45 ÷ 5
=9
13. Following are the weights (in kg) of 10 new born babies in a hospital on a particular day: 3.4,
3.6, 4.2, 4.5, 3.9, 4.1, 3.8, 4.5, 4.4, 3.6 Find the mean
�―
Solution:
We know that
�―
= sum of observations/ number of observations
�―
= sum of weights of babies/ number of babies
�―
= (3.4 + 3.6 + 4.2 + 4.5 + 3.9 + 4.1 + 3.8 + 4.5 + 4.4 + 3.6) ÷ 10
�―
= (40) ÷ 10
�―
= 4 kg
14. The percentage of marks obtained by students of a class in mathematics are:
64, 36, 47, 23, 0, 19, 81, 93, 72, 35, 3, 1 Find their mean.
Solution:
Mean = sum of the marks obtained/ total number of students
= (64 + 36 + 47 + 23 + 0 + 19 + 81 + 93 + 72 + 35 + 3 + 1) ÷ 12
= 474 ÷ 12
= 39.5%
15. The numbers of children in 10 families of a locality are:
2, 4, 3, 4, 2, 3, 5, 1, 1, 5 Find the mean number of children per family.
Solution:
Mean number of children per family = sum of total number of children / total number of families
= (2 + 4 + 3 + 4 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 1 + 5) ÷ 10
= 30 ÷ 10
=3
Thus, on an average there are 3 children per family in the locality.
16. The mean of marks scored by 100 students was found to be 40. Later on it was discovered that
a score of 53 was misread as 83. Find the correct mean.
Solution:
Given n = the number of observations = 100, Mean = 40
Mean = sum of observations/total number of observations
40 = sum of the observations/ 100
Sum of the observations = 40 x 100
Thus, the incorrect sum of the observations = 40 x 100 = 4000.
Now,
The correct sum of the observations = Incorrect sum of the observations – Incorrect observation +
Correct observation
The correct sum of the observations = 4000 – 83 + 53
The correct sum of the observations = 4000 – 30 = 3970
Correct mean = correct sum of the observations/ number of observations
= 3970/100
= 39.7
17. The mean of five numbers is 27. If one number is excluded, their mean is 25. Find the excluded
number.
Solution:
We know that
Mean = sum of five numbers/5 = 27
So, sum of the five numbers = 5 x 27 = 135.

Now,
The mean of four numbers = sum of the four numbers/4 = 25
So, sum of the four numbers = 4 x 25 = 100.
Therefore, the excluded number = Sum of the five number – Sum of the four numbers
The excluded number = 135 – 100
= 35.
18. The mean weight per student in a group of 7 students is 55 kg. The individual weights of 6 of
them (in kg) are 52, 54, 55, 53, 56 and 54. Find the weight of the seventh student.
Solution:
We know that
Mean = sum of weights of students/ number of students
Let the weight of the seventh student be x kg.
Mean = (52 + 54 + 55 + 53 + 56 + 54 + x)/ 7
55 = (52 + 54 + 55 + 53 + 56 + 54 + x)/ 7
55 x 7 = 324 + x
385 = 324 + x
x = 385 – 324
x = 61 kg.
Therefore weight of seventh student is 61kg.
19. The mean weight of 8 numbers is 15 kg. If each number is multiplied by 2, what will be the new
mean?
Solution:
Let x1, x2, x3…x8 be the eight numbers whose mean is 15 kg. Then,
15 = x1 + x2 + x3+……+ x8 /8
x1 + x2 + x3 + …+ x8 = 15 × 8
x1 + x2 + x3 +…+ x8 = 120.
Let the new numbers be 2x1, 2x2, 2x3 …2x8.
Let M be the arithmetic mean of the new numbers.
Then,
M = 2x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 +…+ 2x8/8
M = 2 (x1 + x2 + x3 + …+ x8)/8
M = (2 × 120)/8
= 30
20. The mean of 5 numbers is 18. If one number is excluded, their mean is 16. Find the excluded
number.
Solution:
Let x1, x2, x3, x4 and x5 be five numbers whose mean is 18. Then,
18 = Sum of five numbers ÷ 5
Hence, sum of five numbers = 18 × 5 = 90
Now, if one number is excluded, then their mean is 16.
So,
16 = Sum of four numbers ÷ 4
Therefore sum of four numbers = 16 × 4 = 64.
The excluded number = Sum of five observations – Sum of four observations
The excluded number = 90 – 64
Therefore The excluded number = 26.
21. The mean of 200 items was 50. Later on, it was discovered that the two items were misread as
92 and 8 instead of 192 and 88. Find the correct mean.
Solution:
Given n = Number of observations = 200
Mean = sum of observations/ number of observations
50 = sum of observations/ 200
Sum of the observations = 50 x 200 = 10,000.
Thus, the incorrect sum of the observations = 50 x 200
Now,
The correct sum of the observations = Incorrect sum of the observations – Incorrect observations
+ Correct observations
Correct sum of the observations = 10,000 – (92 + 8) + (192 + 88)
Correct sum of the observations = 10,000 – 100 + 280
Correct sum of the observations = 9900 + 280
Correct sum of the observations = 10,180.
Therefore correct mean = correct sum of the observations/ number of observations

= 10180/200
= 50.9
22. The mean of 5 numbers is 27. If one more number is included, then the mean is 25. Find the
included number.
Solution:
Given Mean = Sum of five numbers ÷ 5
Sum of the five numbers = 27 × 5 = 135.
Now, New mean = 25
25 = Sum of six numbers ÷ 6
Sum of the six numbers = 25 × 6 = 150.
The included number = Sum of the six numbers – Sum of the five numbers
The included number = 150 – 135
Therefore the included number = 15.
23. The mean of 75 numbers is 35. If each number is multiplied by 4, find the new mean.
Solution:
Let x1, x2, x3…x75 be 75 numbers with their mean equal to 35. Then,
35 = x1 + x2 + x3 + …..+ x75 /75
x1 + x2 + x3 + …..+ x75 = 35 × 75
x1 + x2 + x3 +…+ x75 = 2625
The new numbers are 4 x 1, 4 x 2, 4 x 3…4 x 75
Let M be the arithmetic mean of the new numbers. Then,
M = 4x1 + 4x2 + 4x3 +…+ 4x75/75
M = 4 (x1 + x2 + x3 + …+ x75)/75
M = (4 × 2625)/75
= 140
1. A die was thrown 20 times and the following scores were recorded:
5, 2, 1, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 6, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 1
Prepare the frequency table of the scores on the upper face of the die and find the mean score.
Solution:
The frequency table for the given data is as follows:

x: 1 2 3 4 5 6
f: 2 5 1 4 6 2
To compute arithmetic mean we have to prepare the following table:
Scores (xi) Frequency (fi) xi fi
1 2 2
2 5 10
3 1 3
4 4 16
5 6 30
6 2 12
Total Σ fi = 20 Σ fi xi
Mean score = Σ fi xi/ Σ fi
= 73/20
= 3.65
2. The daily wages (in Rs) of 15 workers in a factory are given below:
200, 180, 150, 150, 130, 180, 180, 200, 150, 130, 180, 180, 200, 150, 180
Prepare the frequency table and find the mean wage.
Solution:
Wages (xi) 130 150 180 200
Number of workers (fi) 2 4 6 3

To compute arithmetic mean we have to prepare the following table:
xi fi xi fi
130 2 260
150 4 600
180 6 1080
200 3 600
Total Σ fi = N = 15 Σ fi xi = 2540
= 2540/15
= 169.33
3. The following table shows the weights (in kg) of 15 workers in a factory:
Weight (in Kg) 60 63 66 72 75
Number of workers 4 5 3 1 2
Calculate the mean weight.
Solution:
Calculation of mean:
xi fi xi fi
60 4 240
63 5 315
66 3 198
72 1 72
75 2 150
= 975/15
= 65 kg
4. The ages (in years) of 50 students of a class in a school are given below:
Age (in years) 14 15 16 17 18
Number of students 15 14 10 8 3
Find the mean age.
Solution:
Calculation of mean:
xi fi xi fi
14 15 210
15 14 210
16 10 160
17 8 136
18 3 54
= 770/50
= 15.4 years
5. Calculate the mean for the following distribution:
x: 5 6 7 8 9
f: 4 8 14 11 3
Solution:
xi fi xi fi
5 4 20
6 8 48
7 14 98
8 11 88
9 3 27
= 281/40
= 7.025
6. Find the mean of the following data:
x: 19 21 23 25 27 29 31
f: 13 15 16 18 16 15 13
Solution:
xi fi xi fi
19 13 247
21 15 315
23 16 368
25 18 450
27 16 432
29 15 435
31 13 403

= 2650/106
= 25
7. The mean of the following data is 20.6. Find the value of p.
x: 10 15 p 25 35
f: 3 10 25 7 5
Solution:
xi fi xi fi
10 3 30
15 10 150
P 25 25p
25 7 175
35 5 175
Total Σ fi = N = 50 Σ fi xi = 530 + 25p

20.6 = 530 + 25p/50
530 + 25 p = 20.6 x 50
25 p = 1030 – 530
p = 500/25
p = 20
8. If the mean of the following data is 15, find p.
x: 5 10 15 20 25
f: 6 p 6 10 5
Solution:
xi fi xi fi
5 6 30
10 P 10p
15 6 90
20 10 200
25 5 125
Total Σ fi = 27 + p Σ fi xi = 445 + 10p

15 = 445 + 10p/27 + p
445 + 10 p = 405 + 15p

5 p = 445 – 405
p = 40/5
p=8
9. Find the value of p for the following distribution whose mean is 16.6
x: 8 12 15 p 20 25 30
f: 12 16 20 24 16 8 4
Solution:
xi fi xi fi
8 12 96
12 16 192
15 20 300
P 24 24p
20 16 320
25 8 200
30 4 120

16.6 = 1228 + 24p/100
1228 + 24 p = 16.6 x 100
24 p = 1660 – 1228
p = 432/24
p = 18
10. Find the missing value of p for the following distribution whose mean is 12.58
x: 5 8 10 12 p 20 25
f: 2 5 8 22 7 4 2
Solution:
xi fi xi fi
5 2 10
8 5 40
10 8 80
12 22 264
P 7 7p
20 4 80
25 2 50
12.58 = 524 + 7p/50
524 + 7 p = 12.58 x 50
7 p = 629 – 524
p = 105/7
p = 15
11. Find the missing frequency (p) for the following distribution whose mean is 7.68
x: 3 5 7 9 11 13
f: 6 8 15 p 8 4
Solution:
xi fi xi fi
3 6 18
5 8 40
7 15 105
9 P 9p
11 8 88
13 4 52
Total Σ fi = N = 41 + p Σ fi xi = 303 + 9p
7.68 = 303 + 9p/41 + p
303 + 9 p = 314.88 + 7.68p
1.32 p = 314.88 – 303
p = 11.88/1.32
p=9
12. Find the value of p, if the mean of the following distribution is 20
x: 15 17 19 20 + p 23
f: 2 3 4 5p 6
Solution:
xi fi xi fi
15 2 30
17 3 51
19 4 76
20 + p 5P (20 + p) 5p
23 6 138
Total Σ fi = 15 + 5p Σ fi xi = 295 + (20 +p) 5p

20 = [(295 + (20 + p) 5p)]/ 15 + 5p
295 + 100 p + 5p2 = 300 + 100p
5p2 = 300 – 295
5p2= 5
p2 = 1
p=1
Find the median of the following data (1 – 8)
1. 83, 37, 70, 29, 45, 63, 41, 70, 34, 54
Solution:
First we have to arrange given data into ascending order,
29, 34, 37, 41, 45, 54, 63, 70, 70, 83
Given number of observations, n = 10 (even)
Therefore median = (n/2)th term + ((n + 1)/2)th term
Median = (value of 5th term + value of 6th term)/2
= (45 + 54)/2
= 49.5
Hence median for given data = 49.5
2. 133, 73, 89, 108, 94,104, 94, 85, 100, 120
Solution:
73, 85, 89, 94, 100, 104, 108, 120, 133
= (94 + 100)/2
= 97
Hence median for given data = 97
3. 31, 38, 27, 28, 36, 25, 35, 40
Solution:
First we have to arrange given data into ascending order
25, 27, 28, 31, 35, 36, 38, 40

= (31 + 35)/2
= 33
4. 15, 6, 16, 8, 22, 21, 9, 18, 25
Solution:
6, 8, 9, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, 25
Given number of observations, n = 9 (odd)
Therefore median = ((n+1)/2)th term
Median = value of 5th term
= 16
5. 41, 43,127, 99, 71, 92, 71, 58, 57
Solution:
41, 43, 57, 58, 71, 71, 92, 99, 127
Given number of observations, n = 9 (odd)
= 71
6. 25, 34, 31, 23, 22, 26, 35, 29, 20, 32
Solution:
20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35
= (26 + 29)/2
= 27.5
Hence median for given data = 27.5
7. 12, 17, 3, 14, 5, 8, 7, 15

Solution:
3, 5, 7, 8, 12, 14, 15, 17
Therefore median = (n/2)th term + ((n +1)/2)th term
= (8 + 12)/2
= 10
8. 92, 35, 67, 85, 72, 81, 56, 51, 42, 69
Solution:
35, 42, 51, 56, 67, 69, 72, 81, 85, 92
= (67 + 69)/2
= 68
9. Numbers 50, 42, 35, 2x +10, 2x – 8, 12, 11, 8, 6 are written in descending order and their median
is 25, find x.
Solution:
Here, the number of observations n is 9.
Since n is odd, the median is the n+12th observation, i.e., the 5th observation.
As the numbers are arranged in the descending order, we therefore observe from the last.
Median = 5th observation.
=> 25 = 2x – 8
=> 2x = 25 + 8
=> 2x = 33
=> x = (33/2)
x = 16.5
10. Find the median of the following observations: 46, 64, 87, 41, 58, 77, 35, 90, 55, 92, 33. If 92 is
replaced by 99 and 41 by 43 in the above data, find the new median?
Solution:
Arranging the given data in ascending order, we have:
33, 35, 41, 46, 55, 58, 64, 77, 87, 90, 92
Here, the number of observations n is 11 (odd).
Since the number of observations is odd, therefore,
= 58.
Hence, median = 58.
If 92 is replaced by 99 and 41 by 43, then the new observations arranged in ascending order are:
33, 35, 43, 46, 55, 58, 64, 77, 87, 90, 99
New median = Value of the 6th observation = 58.
11. Find the median of the following data: 41, 43, 127, 99, 61, 92, 71, 58, 57, If 58 is replaced by
85, what will be the new median?
Solution:
41, 43, 57, 58, 61, 71, 92, 99,127
Here, the number of observations, n, is 9(odd).
Hence, the median = 61.
If 58 is replaced by 85, then the new observations arranged in ascending order are:
41, 43, 57, 61, 71, 85, 92, 99, 12
New median = Value of the 5th observation = 71.
12. The weights (in kg) of 15 students are: 31, 35, 27, 29, 32, 43, 37, 41, 34, 28, 36, 44, 45, 42, 30.
Find the median. If the weight 44 kg is replaced by 46 kg and 27 kg by 25 kg, find the new median.
Solution:
27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45
Here, the number of observations n is 15(odd).
Since the number of observations is odd, therefore,
Hence, median = 35 kg.

If 44 kg is replaced by 46 kg and 27 kg by 25 kg, then the new observations arranged in ascending
order are:
25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46
∴ New median = Value of the 8th observation = 35 kg.
13. The following observations have been arranged in ascending order. If the median of the data is
63, find the value of x: 29, 32, 48, 50, x, x + 2, 72, 78, 84, 95
Solution:
Here, the number of observations n is 10. Since n is even,
63 = x + (x + 2)/2
63 = (2x + 2)/2
63 = 2 (x + 1)/2
63 = x + 1
x = 63 – 1
x = 62
1. Find the mode and median of the data: 13, 16, 12, 14, 19, 12, 14, 13, 14
By using the empirical relation also find the mean.
Solution:
Arranging the data in ascending order such that same numbers are put together, we get:
12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14, 16, 19
Here, n = 9.
Median = 14
Here, 14 occurs the maximum number of times, i.e., three times. Therefore, 14 is the mode of the
data.
Now,
Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
14 = 3 x 14 – 2 Mean
2 Mean = 42 – 14 = 28
Mean = 28 ÷ 2
= 14.
2. Find the median and mode of the data: 35, 32, 35, 42, 38, 32, 34
Solution:
Arranging the data in ascending order such that same numbers are put together, we get:
32, 32, 34, 35, 35, 38, 42
Here, n = 7
Median = 35
Here, 32 and 35, both occur twice. Therefore, 32 and 35 are the two modes.
3. Find the mode of the data: 2, 6, 5, 3, 0, 3, 4, 3, 2, 4, 5, 2, 4
Solution:
Arranging the data in ascending order such that same values are put together, we get:
0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6
Here, 2, 3 and 4 occur three times each. Therefore, 2, 3 and 4 are the three modes.
4. The runs scored in a cricket match by 11 players are as follows:
6, 15, 120, 50, 100, 80, 10, 15, 8, 10, 10
Find the mean, mode and median of this data.
Solution:
6, 8, 10, 10, 15, 15, 50, 80, 100, 120
Here, n = 11

Median = 15
Here, 10 occur three times. Therefore, 10 is the mode of the given data.
Now,
10 = 3 x 15 – 2 Mean
2 Mean = 45 – 10 = 35
Mean = 35 ÷ 2
= 17.5
5. Find the mode of the following data:
12, 14, 16, 12, 14, 14, 16, 14, 10, 14, 18, 14
Solution:
10, 12, 12, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 16, 18
Here, clearly, 14 occurs the most number of times.
Therefore, 14 is the mode of the given data.
6. Heights of 25 children (in cm) in a school are as given below:
168, 165, 163, 160, 163, 161, 162, 164, 163, 162, 164, 163, 160, 163, 163, 164, 163, 160, 165, 163,
162
What is the mode of heights?
Also, find the mean and median.
Solution:
Arranging the data in tabular form, we get:
Height of Children (cm ) Tally marks Frequency
160 ||| 3
161 | 1
162 |||| 4
163 10
164 ||| 3
165 ||| 3
168 | 1
Total 25
Median = 163 cm
Here, clearly, 163 cm occurs the most number of times. Therefore, the mode of the given data is
163 cm.
163 = 3 x 163 – 2 Mean
2 Mean = 326
Mean = 163 cm.
7. The scores in mathematics test (out of 25) of 15 students are as follows:
19, 25, 23, 20, 9, 20, 15, 10, 5, 16, 25, 20, 24, 12, 20
Find the mode and median of this data. Are they same?
Solution:
5, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 23, 24, 25, 25
Here, n = 15
Median = 20
Here, clearly, 20 occurs most number of times, i.e., 4 times. Therefore, the mode of the given data is
20.
Yes, the median and mode of the given data are the same.
8. Calculate the mean and median for the following data:
Marks 10 11 12 13 14 16 19 20
Number of students 3 5 4 5 2 3 2 1
Using empirical formula, find its mode.
Solution:
Calculation of mean
Mean = Σ fi xi/ Σ fi
= 332/25
= 13.28
Here, n = 25, which is an odd number. Therefore,
Median = 13
Now, by using empirical formula we have,
Mode = 3Median – 2 Mean
Mode = 3 (13) – 2 (13.28)
Mode = 39 – 26.56
Mode = 12.44.
9. The following table shows the weights of 12 persons.
Weight (in kg) 48 50 52 54 58
Number of persons 4 3 2 2 1
Find the median and mean weights. Using empirical relation, calculate its mode.
Solution:
xi fi xi fi
48 4 192
50 3 150
52 2 104
54 2 108
58 1 58
Total Σ fi = 12 Σ fi xi = 612
Calculation of mean
Mean = Σ fi xi/ Σ fi
= 612/12
= 51 kg
Here n = 12
= (50 + 50)/2
= 50
Now by empirical formula we have,
Now,
Mode = 3 x 50 – 2 x 51
Mode = 150 – 102
Mode = 48 kg.
Thus, Mean = 51 kg, Median = 50 kg and Mode = 48 kg.
1. Two hundred students of Classes VI and VII were asked to name their favourite colours so as to
decide upon what should be the colour of their school house. The results are shown in the
following table.
Colour: Red Green Blue Yellow Orange
Number of Students 43 19 55 49 34
Represent the given data on a bar graph.
(i) Which is the most preferred colour and which is the least?
(ii) How many colours are there in all?
Solution:
Steps of constructing bar graph:
1. Mark the horizontal axis OX as Name of the Colour and the vertical axis OY as Number of
Students.
2. Along the horizontal axis OX, choose bars of uniform (equal) width, with a uniform gap between
them.
3. Choose a suitable scale to determine the heights of the bars, according to the space available for
the graph. Here, we choose 1 small division to represent 10 students.
(i) The most preferred colour is blue, and the least preferred is green.
(ii) In all, there are 5 colours.
2. Following data gives total marks (out of 600) obtained by six children of a particular class.
Student Ajay Bali Dipti Faiyaz Gotika Hari
Marks Obtained 450 500 300 360 400 540

Represent the data by a bar graph
Solution:
1. Mark the horizontal axis OX as Name of the Students and the vertical axis OY as Marks
Obtained.
them.
the graph. Here, we choose 1 small division to represent 100 marks.
3. Number of children in six different classes is given below. Represent the data on a bar graph.
Class: V VI VII VIII IX X
Number of Children: 135 120 95 100 90 80

(i) How do you choose the scale.
(ii) Which class has the maximum number of children?
(iii) Which class has the minimum number of children?
Solution:
1. Mark the horizontal axis OX as Class and the vertical axis OY as Number of Children.
them.
the graph. Here, we choose 1 big division to represent 40 children.
(i) We choose 1 big to represent 40 children.
(ii)The maximum numbers of students are in class V.
(iii) The minimum number of students are in class X.
4. The performance of students in 1st term and 2nd term is as given below. Draw a double bar
graph choosing appropriate scale, and answer the following:
Subject: English Hindi Maths Science S.Science
1st term: 67 72 88 81 73
2nd term: 70 65 95 85 75
(i) In which subject, has the children improved their performance the most?
(ii) Has the performance gone down in any subject?
Solution:
1. Mark the horizontal axis OX as Subject and the vertical axis is OY as Marks.
them.
the graph. Here, we choose 1 big division to represent 10 marks.
(i) In Maths, the students showed their greatest improvement.
(ii) The students performed worst in Hindi
5. Consider the following data gathered from a survey of a colony:
Favourite Sport: Cricket Basket – Ball Swimming Hockey Athletics
Watching 1240 470 510 423 250
Participating 620 320 320 250 105

Draw a double bar graph choosing an appropriate scale. What do you infer from the bar graph?
(i) Which sport is most popular?
(ii) What is more preferred watching or participating in sports?

Solution:
Steps of constructing graph:
1. Mark the horizontal axis OX as Favourite Sports and the vertical axis OY as Number of People.
them.
the graph. Here, we choose 2 big divisions to represent 400 people.
(i) Cricket is the most popular sport.
(ii)Watching is preferred over participation.
6. The production of saleable steel in some of the steel plants of our country during 1999 is given
below:
Plant Bhilai Durgapur Rourkela Bokaro
Production (In thousand tonnes) 160 80 200 150

Construct a bar graph to represent the above data on a graph paper by using the scale 1 big
division = 20 thousand tonnes.
Solution:
1. Mark the horizontal axis OX as Name of the Steel Plant and the vertical axis OY as Production (in
thousand tonnes).
them.
the graph. Here, we choose 1 big division to represent 20 thousand tonnes.
7. The following data gives the number (in thousands) of applicants registered with an Employment
Exchange during, 1995-2000:
Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Number of applicants registered (in thousands) 18 20 24 28 30 34

Construct a bar graph to represent the above data.
Solution:
1. Mark the horizontal axis OX as Years and the vertical axis OY as Number of Applicants
Registered (in thousands).
them.
the graph. Here, we choose 1 big division to represent 4 thousand applicants.
8. The following table gives the route length (in thousand kilometres) of the Indian Railways in
some of the years:
Year 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-2001
Route length (in thousand kilometres) 56 60 61 74 98

Represent the above data with the help of a bar graph.
Solution:
1. Mark the horizontal axis OX as Years and the vertical axis OY as Route Length (in thousand
kilometres).
them.
the graph. Here, we choose 1 big division to represent 10000 Km.
9. The following data gives the amount of loans (in crores of rupees) disbursed by a bank during
some years:
Year 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Loan (in crores of rupees) 28 33 55 55 80

(i) Represent the above data with the help of a bar graph.
(ii) With the help of the bar graph, indicate the year in which amount of loan is not increased over
that of the preceding year.
Solution:
1. Mark the horizontal axis OX as Years and the vertical axis OY as Loan (in crores of rupees).
them.
the graph. Here, we choose 1 big division to represent 10 crores of rupees.
(ii) In 1995, the loan amount was not increased over that of the preceding year.
10. The following table shows the interest paid by a company (in lakhs):
Year 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000
Interest (in lakhs of rupees) 20 25 15 18 30

Draw the bar graph to represent the above information.
Solution:
1. Mark the horizontal axis OX as Years and the vertical axis OY as Interest (in lakhs of rupees).
them.
the graph. Here, we choose 1 big divisions to represent 5 lakhs rupees.
11. The following data shows the average age of men in various countries in a certain year:
Country India Nepal China Pakistan U.K. U.S.A.
Average age (in years) 55 52 60 50 70 75

Represent the above information by a bar graph.
Solution:
1. Mark the horizontal axis OX as Countries and the vertical axis OY as Average Age of men (in
years).
them.
the graph. Here, we choose 1 big division to represent 10 year.
12. The following data gives the production of food grains (in thousand tonnes) for some years:
Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Production( in thousand tonnes) 120 150 140 180 170 190

Represent the above data with the help of a bar graph.
Solution:
1. Mark the horizontal axis OX as Years and the vertical axis OY as Production of food grains (in
thousand tonnes).
them.
13. The following data gives the amount of manure (in thousand tonnes) manufactured by a
company during some years:
Year 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Manure (in thousand tonnes) 15 35 45 30 40 20

(i) Represent the above data with the help of bar graph.
(ii) Indicate with the help of the bar graph the year in which the amount of manure manufactured by
the company was maximum.
(iii) Choose the correct alternative:
The consecutive years during which there was maximum decrease in manure production are:
(a) 1994 and 1995 (b) 1992 and 1993
(c) 1996 and 1997 (d) 1995 and 1996
Solution:
1. Mark the horizontal axis OX as Years and the vertical axis OY as Manure (in thousand tonnes).
them.
(ii) In the year 1994, the amount of manure manufactured by the company was maximum.
(iii) 1996 and 1997.
VISUALLISING SOLID SHAPES
1. Complete the following table and verify Euler’s formula in each case.
Solution:
(i) We know that Euler’s formula is (F – E + V)
(F – E + V) = (6 – 12 + 8) = 2
Hence, Euler’s formula is verified.
(ii) We know that Euler’s formula is (F – E + V)
(F – E + V) = (4 – E + 4) = 2.
E=6
(iii) We know that Euler’s formula is (F – E + V)
From the figure,
(F – E + V) = (9 – 16 + 9) = 2.
(iv) We know that Euler’s formula is (F – E + V)
From the figure,
(F – E + V) = (7 – 15 + 10) = 2.
2. Give three examples from our daily life which are in the form of
(i) A cone
(ii) A sphere
(iii) A cuboid
(iv) A cylinder
(v) A pyramid.
Solution:
(i) Examples for Cone: Ice-cream cone, birthday cap
(ii) Examples of Sphere: Football, a round apple, an orange
(iii) Examples of Cuboid: dice, duster, book, rectangular box
(iv) Examples of Cylinder: circular pipe, glass, circular pole, gas cylinder
(v) Examples for Pyramid: Christmas tree, prism
1. Match the following nets with appropriate solids:

Solution:
(a) → (ii)
(b) → (iii)
(c) → (iv)
(d) → (i)
2. Identify the nets which can be used to make cubes (cut-out the nets and try it):
Solution:
Only (ii), (iv) and (vi) form a cube.
3. Can the following be a net for a die? Explain your answer.

Solution:
We know that in a die, the sum of the number of opposite faces of a die is 7. In the given figure, it is
not possible to get the sum as 7. Hence the given net is not suitable for a die.
4. Out of the following four nets there are two correct nets to make a tetrahedron. Identify them.
Solution:
For making a tetrahedron, only (i) and (iii) are suitable nets.
5. Here is an incomplete net for making a cube. Complete it in at least two different ways.
Solution:
CHAPTER 14 SYMMETRY
1. State the number of lines of symmetry for the following figures:
(i) An equilateral triangle
(ii) An isosceles triangle
(iii) A scalene triangle
(iv) A rectangle
(v) A rhombus
(vi) A square
(vii) A parallelogram
(viii) A quadrilateral
(ix) A regular pentagon
(x) A regular hexagon
(xi) A circle
(xii) A semi-circle
2. What other name can you give to the line of symmetry of
(i) An isosceles triangle?
(ii) A circle?
4. Identify multiple lines of symmetry, if any, in each of the following figures:
1. Give the order of rotational symmetry for each of the following figures when rotated about the
marked point (x):
Solution:
(i) A figure is said to have rotational symmetry if its fits onto itself more than once during a full turn
that is rotation through 360o
Therefore the given figure has its rotational symmetry as 4.
(ii) A figure is said to have rotational symmetry if its fits onto itself more than once during a full
turn that is rotation through 360o
(iii) A figure is said to have rotational symmetry if its fits onto itself more than once during a full
(iv) A figure is said to have rotational symmetry if its fits onto itself more than once during a full
(v) A figure is said to have rotational symmetry if its fits onto itself more than once during a full
(vi) A figure is said to have rotational symmetry if its fits onto itself more than once during a full
(vii) A figure is said to have rotational symmetry if its fits onto itself more than once during a full
(viii) A figure is said to have rotational symmetry if its fits onto itself more than once during a full
(ix) A figure is said to have rotational symmetry if its fits onto itself more than once during a full
2. Name any two figures that have both line symmetry and rotational symmetry.
Solution:
An equilateral triangle and a square have both lines of symmetry and rotational symmetry.
3. Give an example of a figure that has a line of symmetry but does not have rotational symmetry.
Solution:
A semicircle and an isosceles triangle have a line of symmetry but do not have rotational
symmetry.
4. Give an example of a geometrical figure which has neither a line of symmetry nor a rotational
symmetry.
Solution:
A scalene triangle has neither a line of symmetry nor a rotational symmetry.
5. Give an example of a letter of the English alphabet which has
(i) No line of symmetry

(ii) Rotational symmetry of order 2.
Solution:
(i) The letter of the English alphabet which has no line of symmetry is Z.
(ii) The letter of the English alphabet which has rotational symmetry of order 2 is N.
6. What is the line of symmetry of a semi-circle? Does it have rotational symmetry?
Solution:
A semicircle (half of a circle) has only one line of symmetry. In the figure, there is one line of
symmetry. The figure is symmetric along the perpendicular bisector I of the diameter XY. A semi-
circle does not have any rotational symmetry.
7. Draw, whenever possible, a rough sketch of
(i) a triangle with both line and rotational symmetries.
(ii) a triangle with only line symmetry and no rotational symmetry.
(iii) a quadrilateral with a rotational symmetry but not a line of symmetry.
(iv) a quadrilateral with line symmetry but not a rotational symmetry.
Solution:
(i) An equilateral triangle has 3 lines of symmetry and a rotational symmetry of order 3.
(ii) An isosceles triangle has only 1 line of symmetry and no rotational symmetry.
(iii) A parallelogram is a quadrilateral which has no line of symmetry but a rotational symmetry of
order 2.
(iv) A kite is a quadrilateral which has only one line of symmetry and no rotational symmetry.
8. Fill in the blanks:
Figures Centre of rotation Order of rotation Angle of rotation
Square
Rectangle
Rhombus
Equilateral Triangle
Regular hexagon
Circle
Semi-circle
Solution:
Figures Centre of rotation Order of Angle of

rotation rotation
Square Point of intersection of the line segments 4 90o

joining the mid-points of opposite sides.
Rectangle Point of intersection of the line segments 2 180o

joining the mid-points of opposite sides
Rhombus Point of intersection of diagonals 2 180o
Equilateral Point of intersection of angle bisectors i.e., 3 1200

Triangle centroid
Regular Centre of the hexagon 6 60o

hexagon
Circle Centre of the circle Unlimited Any angle
Semi-circle Nil Nil Nil
9. Fill in the blanks:

English Line Number of Lines of Rotational Order of rotational
Alphabet Letter Symmetry Symmetry symmetry symmetry
Z Nil 0 Yes 2
S – – – –
H Yes – Yes –
O Yes – Yes –
E Yes – – –
N – – Yes –
C – – – –
Solution:
English Line Number of Lines of Rotational Order of rotational

Alphabet Letter Symmetry Symmetry symmetry symmetry
Z Nil 0 Yes 2
S Nil 0 Yes 2
H Yes 2 Yes 2
O Yes 4 Yes 2
E Yes 1 No 0
N Nil 0 Yes 2
C Yes 1 No 0
CHAPTER 8 PERCENTAGE AND ITS APPLICATIONS
1. Express each of the following percents as fractions in the simplest forms:
(i) 45%
(ii) 0.25%
(iii) 150%
(iv) 6 1/4 %
Solution:
(i) Given 45%
= (45/100)
On simplifying the above fraction we get
= (9/20)
(ii) Given 0.25%
= (0.25/100)
= (25/10000)
= (1/400)
(iii) Given 150%
= (150/100)
= (3/2)
(iv) Given 6 1/4 %
We can write 6 1/4 as 6.25
= (6.25/100)
= (625/10000)
= (1/16)
2. Express each of the following fractions as a percent:
(i) (3/4)
(ii) (53/100)
(iii) 1 3/5
(iv) (7/20)
Solution:
(i) Given (3/4)
= (3/4) × 100
= 75%
(ii) Given (53/100)
= (53/100) × 100
= 53%
(iii) Given 1 3/5
Convert the given mixed fraction into improper fraction
1 3/5 = (8/5)
= (8/5) × 100
= 160%
(iv) Given (7/20)
= (7/20) × 100
= 35%
1. Express each of the following ratios as per cents:
(i) 4: 5
(ii) 1: 5
(iii) 11: 125
Solution:
(i) Given 4: 5
4: 5 can be written as (4/5)

= (4/5) × 100
= 80%
(ii) Given 1: 5
= (1/5) × 100
= 20%
(iii) Given 11: 125
= (11/125) × 100
= (44/5) %
2. Express each of the following percents as ratios in the simplest form:
(i) 2.5%
(ii) 0.4%
(iii) 13 3/4 %
Solution:
(i) Given 2.5%
= (2.5/100)
= (25/1000)
= (1/40)
(ii) Given 0.4%
= (0.4/100)
= (4/1000)
= (1/250)
(iii) Given 13 3/4 %
13 3/4 = 13.75
= 13.75/100
= 1375/10000
= 11/80
1. Express each of the following percents as decimals:
(i) 12.5%
(ii) 75%
(iii) 128.8%
(iv) 0.05%
Solution:
(i) Given 12.5%
= (12.5/100)
= 0.125
(ii) Given 75%
= (75/100)
= 0.75
(iii) Given 128.8%
= (128.8/100)
= 1.288
(iv) Given 0.05%
= (0.05/100)
= 0.0005
2. Express each of the following decimals as per cents:
(i) 0.004
(ii) 0.24
(iii) 0.02
(iv) 0.275
Solution:
(i) Given 0.004
0.004 can be written as 4/1000
= (4/1000) × 100
= 0.4%
(ii) Given 0.24
0.24 can be written as (24/100)

= (24/100) × 100
= 24%
(iii) Given 0.02
= (2/100) × 100
= 2%
(iv) Given 0.275
= (275/1000) × 100
= 27.5%
3. Write each of the following as whole numbers or mixed numbers:
(i) 136%
(ii) 250%
(iii) 300%
Solution:
(i) Given 136%
= (136/100)
On simplifying we get
= (34/25)
(ii) Given 250%
= (250/100)
On simplifying
= (5/2)
(iii) Given 300%
= (300/100)
=3
1. Find each of the following:
(i) 7% of Rs 7150
(ii) 40% of 400kg
(iii) 20% of 15.125liters

(iv) 3 1/3 % of 90km
(v) 2.5% of 600meters
Solution:
(i) Given 7% of Rs 7150
= (7/100) × 7150
= Rs 500.50
(ii) Given 40% of 400kg
= (40/100) × 400
= 160kg
(iii) Given 20% of 15.125liters
= (20/100) × 15.125
= 3.025liters
(iv) Given 3 1/3 % of 90km
We know that 3 1/3 = (10/3)
= (10/300) × 90
= 3km
(v) Given 2.5% of 600 meters
= (2.5/100) x 600
= 15 meters
2. Find the number whose 12 ½ % is 64.
Solution:
Let the required number be x
Then according to the question, 12 ½ % × x = 64
= 12.5 % × x = 64
= (12.5/ 100) × x = 64
x = (64 x 100)/ 12.5
x = 64 × 8 = 512
Therefore 512 is the number whose 12 ½ % is 64.
3. What is the number, 6 ¼ % of which is 2?
Solution:
Then according to the question, 6 ¼ % × x = 64
= 6.25 % × x = 2
= (6.25/100) × x = 2
x = (2 × 100)/ 6.25
x = 2 × 16 = 32
Therefore 32 is the number whose 6 ¼ % is 32.
4. If 6 is 50% of a number, what is that number?
Solution:
Given that 50 % of x = 6
(50/100) × x = 6
x = (6 × 100)/ 50
x = 12
The required number is 12
1. What percent of
(i) 24 is 6?
(ii) Rs 125 is Rs 10?
(iii) 4km is 160 meters?
(iv) Rs 8 is 25 paise?
(v) 2 days is 8 hours?
(vi) 1 liter is 175ml?
Solution:
(i) According to the question required percentage = (6/24) × 100
= (100/4)
= 25%
(ii) According to the question required percentage = (10/125) × 100
= (1000/125)
= 8%
(iii) According to the question required percentage = (160/4) × 100
We know that 1km = 1000 meters
Therefore 4km = 4000 meters
= (160/4000) × 100
= 4%
(iv) According to the question required percentage = (25/8) × 100
We know that 1Rs = 100 paise
Therefore 8Rs = 800 paise
= (25/800) × 100
= (25/8)
= 3.125%
(v) We know that 1day = 24 hours
1 hour = (1/24) day
8 hours = (8/24) day = (1/3) day
According to the question required percentage = [(1/3)/2] × 100
= 100/6
= 16 2/3 %
(vi) We know that 1liter = 1000ml
According to the question required percentage = (175/1000) × 100
= 17500/1000
= 17.50 %
2. What percent is equivalent to (3/8)?
Solution:
Given (3/8)
= (3/8) × 100
= 37.5%
3. Find the following:
(i) 8 is 4% of which number?
(ii) 6 is 60% of which number?
(iii) 6 is 30% of which number?

(iv) 12 is 25% of which number?
Solution:
(i) Let x be the required number
Given that 4% of x = 8
(4/100) × x = 8
x = (800/4)
x = 200
(ii) Let the required number be x
(60/100) × x = 6
x = (60/6)
x = 10
(iii) Let the required number be x
(30/100) × x = 6
x = (6 × 100)/30
x = 20
(iv) Let the required number be x
(25/100) × x = 12
x = (12 × 100)/25
x = 48
4. Convert each of the following pairs into percentages and find out which is more?
(i) 25 marks out of 30, 35 marks out of 40
(ii) 100 runs scored off 110 balls, 50 runs scored off 55 balls
Solution:
(i) Given 25 marks out of 30
Consider 25 marks out of 30 = (25/30) × 100
= (250/3)
= 83.33%
Also given that 35 marks out of 40
Now consider 35 marks out of 40 = (35/40) × 100
= 87.5%
Clearly 87.5 > 83.33
After converting into percentage 35 marks out of 40 = 87.5% is more
(ii) Given 100 runs scored off 110 balls
Consider 100 runs scored off 110 balls = (100/110) × 100
= 90.91%
Also given that 50 runs scored off 55 balls
= 90.91%
Here both are equal
5. Find 20% more than Rs.200.
Solution:
Consider 20% of 200 = (20/100) × 200
= Rs 40
Therefore 20% more than Rs 200 = 200 + 40
= Rs 240
6. Find 10% less than Rs.150
Solution:
Consider 10% of 150 = (10/100) × 150
= Rs 15
Therefore 10% less than Rs 150 = 150 – 15
= Rs 135
1. Ashu had 24 pages to write. By the evening, he had completed 25% of his work. How many pages
were left?
Solution:
Given total number of pages Ashu had to write = 24
Number of pages Ashu completed by the evening = 25% of 24

= (25/100) × 24
= 600/100
=6
Therefore number of pages left for completion = 24 – 6 = 18 pages
2. A box contains 60 eggs. Out of which 16 2/3 % are rotten ones. How many eggs are rotten?
Solution:
Given that total number of eggs = 60
Number of eggs rotten = 16 2/3% of 60 eggs
= 16.66 % of 60 eggs
= (16.66/100) × 60
= 10 eggs
Therefore number of eggs rotten = 10
3. Rohit obtained 45 marks out of 80. What percent marks did he get?
Solution:
Given total number of marks = 80
Marks scored by Rohit = 45
Percentage obtained by Rohit = (45/80) × 100
= 56.25%
4. Mr Virmani saves 12% of his salary. If he receives Rs 15900 per month as salary, find his
monthly expenditure.
Solution:
Given Mr Virmani’s salary per month = Rs. 15900
Mr Virmani’s savings = 12% of Rs. 15900
= (12/100) × 15900
= Rs. 1908
Mr Virmani’s monthly expenditure = salary – savings
= Rs. (15900 – 1908)
= Rs. 13992
5. A lawyer willed his 3 sons Rs 250000 to be divided into portions 30%, 45% and 25%. How much
did each of them inherit?
Solution:
Given total amount with the lawyer = Rs. 250000
First son’s inheritance = 30% of 250000
= (30/100) × 250000
= 7500000/100
= Rs. 75000
Second son’s inheritance = 45% of 250000
= (45/100) × 250000
= 11250000/100
= Rs. 112500
Third son’s inheritance = 25% of 250000
= (25/100) × 250000
= 6250000/100
= Rs. 62500
6. Rajdhani College has 2400 students, 40% of whom are girls. How many boys are there in the
college?
Solution:
Given total number of students in Rajdhani College = 2400
Number of girls = 40% of 2400
= (40/100) × 2400
= 96000/100
= 960
Number of boys = total number of students – number of girls
= 2400 – 960 = 1440 boys
7. Aman obtained 410 marks out of 500 in CBSE XII examination while his brother Anish gets 536
marks out of 600 in IX class examination. Find whose performance is better?
Solution:
Given Aman’s marks in CBSE XII = 410/500
Percentage of marks obtained by Aman = (410/500) × 100
= 82%
Given that Anish’s marks in CBSE IX = 536/600
Percentage of marks obtained by Anish = (536/600) × 100

= 89.33%
Clearly 89.33 > 82
Therefore, Anish’s performance is better than Aman’s
8. Rahim obtained 60 marks out of 75 in Mathematics. Find the percentage of marks obtained by
Rahim in Mathematics.
Solution:
Given marks obtained by Rahim in Mathematics = 60/75
Percentage of marks obtained by Rahim = (60/75) × 100
= 80%
9. In an orchard, 16 2/3 % of the trees are apple trees. If the number of trees in the orchard is 240,
find the number of other type of trees in the orchard.
Solution:
Let the number of apple trees be x
Number of trees in the orchard = 240
Number of apple trees = 16 2/3 %
According to the given condition, 16 (2/3) % of 240 = x
= 16.66 % of 240 = x
x = (16.66/100) × 240
x = 40 trees
Number of other types of trees = Total number of trees – number of apple trees
= 240 – 40
= 200 trees
10. Ram scored 553 marks out of 700 and Gita scored 486 marks out of 600 in science. Whose
performance is better?
Solution:
Given marks scored by Ram = 553/700
Percentage of marks scored by Ram = (553/700) × 100
= 0.79 × 100 = 79%
Also given that marks scored by Gita = (486/600)
Percentage of marks scored by Gita = (486/600) × 100
= 0.81 × 100 = 81
Gita’s performance (81%) is better than Ram’s (79%).
11. Out of an income of Rs 15000, Nazima spends Rs 10200. What percent of her income does she
save?
Solution:
Given Nazima’s total income = Rs 15000
Amount Nazima spends = Rs 10200
Amount Nazima saves = 15000 – 10200
= Rs 4800
Percentage of income Nazima saves = (4800/15000) × 100
= 480000/15000
= 32%
Nazima saves 32% of her income.
12. 45% of the students in a school are boys. If the total number of students in the school is 880,
find the number of girls in the school.
Solution:
Given total number of students in the school = 880
Number of boys in the school = 45% of 880
= (45/100) × 880
= 39600/100
Number of boys = 396
Number of girls in the school = total number of students – number of boys
= 880 – 396
Number of girls = 484
13. Mr. Sidhana saves 28% of his income. If he saves as 840 per month, find his monthly income.
Solution:
Let Mr. Sidhana’s monthly income be x
Monthly savings of Mr. Sidhana’s = Rs 840
28% of x = Rs 840
⇒ (28/100) × x = Rs 840
⇒ 28x = Rs 84000
⇒ x = (84000/28) = Rs 3000
Mr. Sidhana’s monthly income = Rs 3000
14. In an examination, 8% of the students fail. What percentage of the students pass? If 1650
students appeared in the examination, how many passed?
Solution:
Given total number of students who appeared for the examination = 1650
Number of students who failed = 8% of 1650
= (8/100) ×1650
= (8 × 1650)/100
= 13200/100
Number of students failed = 132
Number of students passed = 1650 – 132
= 1518
Percentage of students passed = (1518/1650) × 100
= 0.92 × 100 = 92%
92% of the students passed the examination.
15. In an examination, 92% of the candidates passed, and 46 failed. How many candidates
appeared?
Solution:
Let the total number of candidates be x
Number of candidates who failed = 46
Number of candidates who passed = 92% of x
According to the given condition
92% of x = x – 46
⇒ (92/100) x = x – 46
⇒ 92x = 100x – 4600
⇒ -8x = – 4600
⇒ x = 4600/8 = 575
Number of candidates who appeared for the examination = 575
1. Express each of the following ratios as per cents:
(i) 4: 5
(ii) 1: 5
(iii) 11: 125
Solution:
(i) Given 4: 5
= (4/5) × 100
= 80%
(ii) Given 1: 5
= (1/5) × 100
= 20%
(iii) Given 11: 125
= (11/125) × 100
= (44/5) %
2. Express each of the following percents as ratios in the simplest form:
(i) 2.5%
(ii) 0.4%
(iii) 13 3/4 %
Solution:
(i) Given 2.5%
= (2.5/100)
= (25/1000)
= (1/40)
(ii) Given 0.4%
= (0.4/100)
= (4/1000)
= (1/250)
(iii) Given 13 3/4 %
13 3/4 = 13.75
= 13.75/100
= 1375/10000
= 11/80
1. Express each of the following percents as decimals:
(i) 12.5%
(ii) 75%
(iii) 128.8%
(iv) 0.05%
Solution:
(i) Given 12.5%
= (12.5/100)
= 0.125
(ii) Given 75%
= (75/100)
= 0.75
(iii) Given 128.8%
= (128.8/100)
= 1.288
(iv) Given 0.05%
= (0.05/100)
= 0.0005
2. Express each of the following decimals as per cents:
(i) 0.004
(ii) 0.24
(iii) 0.02
(iv) 0.275
Solution:
(i) Given 0.004
0.004 can be written as 4/1000
= (4/1000) × 100
= 0.4%
(ii) Given 0.24
= (24/100) × 100
= 24%
(iii) Given 0.02
= (2/100) × 100
= 2%
(iv) Given 0.275
= (275/1000) × 100
= 27.5%
3. Write each of the following as whole numbers or mixed numbers:
(i) 136%
(ii) 250%
(iii) 300%
Solution:
(i) Given 136%
= (136/100)
On simplifying, we get
= (34/25)
(ii) Given 250%
= (250/100)
On simplifying
= (5/2)
(iii) Given 300%
= (300/100)
=3
1. Find each of the following:
(i) 7% of Rs 7150
(ii) 40% of 400kg
(iii) 20% of 15.125liters
(iv) 3 1/3 % of 90km
(v) 2.5% of 600meters
Solution:
(i) Given 7% of Rs 7150
= (7/100) × 7150
= Rs 500.50
(ii) Given 40% of 400kg
= (40/100) × 400
= 160kg
(iii) Given 20% of 15.125liters
= (20/100) × 15.125
= 3.025liters
(iv) Given 3 1/3 % of 90km
We know that 3 1/3 = (10/3)
= (10/300) × 90
= 3km
(v) Given 2.5% of 600 meters
= (2.5/100) x 600
= 15 meters
2. Find the number whose 12 ½ % is 64.
Solution:
Let the required number be x.
Then, according to the question, 12 ½ % × x = 64
= 12.5 % × x = 64
= (12.5/ 100) × x = 64
x = (64 x 100)/ 12.5
x = 64 × 8 = 512
Therefore, 512 is the number whose 12 ½ % is 64.

3. What is the number 6 ¼ % of which is 2?
Solution:
Then, according to the question, 6 ¼ % × x = 64
= 6.25 % × x = 2
= (6.25/100) × x = 2
x = (2 × 100)/ 6.25
x = 2 × 16 = 32
Therefore, 32 is the number whose 6 ¼ % is 32.
4. If 6 is 50% of a number, what is that number?
Solution:
Given that 50 % of x = 6
(50/100) × x = 6
x = (6 × 100)/ 50
x = 12
The required number is 12.
1. What percent of
(i) 24 is 6?
(ii) Rs 125 is Rs 10?
(iii) 4km is 160 meters?
(iv) Rs 8 is 25 paise?
(v) 2 days is 8 hours?
(vi) 1 liter is 175ml?
Solution:
(i) According to the question, required percentage = (6/24) × 100
= (100/4)
= 25%
(ii) According to the question, required percentage = (10/125) × 100
= (1000/125)
= 8%
(iii) According to the question, required percentage = (160/4) × 100
We know that 1km = 1000 meters
Therefore 4km = 4000 meters
= (160/4000) × 100
= 4%
(iv) According to the question, required percentage = (25/8) × 100
We know that 1Rs = 100 paise
Therefore 8Rs = 800 paise
= (25/800) × 100
= (25/8)
= 3.125%
(v) We know that 1 day = 24 hours
1 hour = (1/24) day
8 hours = (8/24) day = (1/3) day
According to the question, required percentage = [(1/3)/2] × 100
= 100/6
= 16 2/3 %
(vi) We know that 1liter = 1000ml
According to the question, required percentage = (175/1000) × 100
= 17500/1000
= 17.50 %
2. What percent is equivalent to (3/8)?
Solution:
Given (3/8)
= (3/8) × 100
= 37.5%
3. Find the following:
(i) 8 is 4% of which number?
(ii) 6 is 60% of which number?

(iii) 6 is 30% of which number?
(iv) 12 is 25% of which number?
Solution:
(i) Let x be the required number
(4/100) × x = 8
x = (800/4)
x = 200
(ii) Let the required number be x
(60/100) × x = 6
x = (60/6)
x = 10
(iii) Let the required number be x
(30/100) × x = 6
x = (6 × 100)/30
x = 20
(iv) Let the required number be x
(25/100) × x = 12
x = (12 × 100)/25
x = 48
4. Convert each of the following pairs into percentages and find out which is more?
(i) 25 marks out of 30, 35 marks out of 40
(ii) 100 runs scored off 110 balls, 50 runs scored off 55 balls
Solution:
(i) Given 25 marks out of 30
Consider 25 marks out of 30 = (25/30) × 100
= (250/3)
= 83.33%
Also given that 35 marks out of 40
Now consider 35 marks out of 40 = (35/40) × 100
= 87.5%
Clearly 87.5 > 83.33
After converting into percentage 35 marks out of 40 = 87.5% is more
(ii) Given 100 runs scored off 110 balls
= 90.91%
Also given that 50 runs scored off 55 balls
= 90.91%
Here, both are equal.
5. Find 20% more than Rs.200.
Solution:
Consider 20% of 200 = (20/100) × 200
= Rs 40
Therefore, 20% more than Rs 200 = 200 + 40
= Rs 240
6. Find 10% less than Rs.150
Solution:
Consider 10% of 150 = (10/100) × 150
= Rs 15
Therefore, 10% less than Rs 150 = 150 – 15
= Rs 135
1. Ashu had 24 pages to write. By the evening, he had completed 25% of his work. How many pages
were left?
Solution:
Given total number of pages Ashu had to write = 24
Number of pages Ashu completed by the evening = 25% of 24
= (25/100) × 24
= 600/100
=6
Therefore number of pages left for completion = 24 – 6 = 18 pages
2. A box contains 60 eggs. Out of which 16 2/3 % are rotten ones. How many eggs are rotten?
Solution:
Given that total number of eggs = 60
Number of eggs rotten = 16 2/3% of 60 eggs
= 16.66 % of 60 eggs
= (16.66/100) × 60
= 10 eggs
Therefore number of eggs rotten = 10
3. Rohit obtained 45 marks out of 80. What percent marks did he get?
Solution:
Given total number of marks = 80
Marks scored by Rohit = 45
Percentage obtained by Rohit = (45/80) × 100
= 56.25%
4. Mr Virmani saves 12% of his salary. If he receives Rs 15900 per month as salary, find his
monthly expenditure.
Solution:
Given Mr Virmani’s salary per month = Rs. 15900
Mr Virmani’s savings = 12% of Rs. 15900
= (12/100) × 15900
= Rs. 1908
Mr Virmani’s monthly expenditure = salary – savings
= Rs. (15900 – 1908)
= Rs. 13992
5. A lawyer willed his 3 sons Rs 250000 to be divided into portions 30%, 45% and 25%. How much
did each of them inherit?
Solution:
Given total amount with the lawyer = Rs. 250000

First son’s inheritance = 30% of 250000
= (30/100) × 250000
= 7500000/100
= Rs. 75000
Second son’s inheritance = 45% of 250000
= (45/100) × 250000
= 11250000/100
= Rs. 112500
Third son’s inheritance = 25% of 250000
= (25/100) × 250000
= 6250000/100
= Rs. 62500
6. Rajdhani College has 2400 students, 40% of whom are girls. How many boys are there in the
college?
Solution:
Given total number of students in Rajdhani College = 2400
Number of girls = 40% of 2400
= (40/100) × 2400
= 96000/100
= 960
Number of boys = total number of students – number of girls
= 2400 – 960 = 1440 boys
7. Aman obtained 410 marks out of 500 in the CBSE XII examination, while his brother Anish got
536 marks out of 600 in the IX Class examination. Find whose performance is better.
Solution:
Given Aman’s marks in CBSE XII = 410/500
Percentage of marks obtained by Aman = (410/500) × 100
= 82%
Given that Anish’s marks in CBSE IX = 536/600
Percentage of marks obtained by Anish = (536/600) × 100
= 89.33%
Clearly, 89.33 > 82
Therefore, Anish’s performance is better than Aman’s
8. Rahim obtained 60 marks out of 75 in Mathematics. Find the percentage of marks obtained by
Rahim in Mathematics.
Solution:
Given marks obtained by Rahim in Mathematics = 60/75
Percentage of marks obtained by Rahim = (60/75) × 100
= 80%
9. In an orchard, 16 2/3 % of the trees are apple trees. If the number of trees in the orchard is 240,
find the number of other type of trees in the orchard.
Solution:
Let the number of apple trees be x
Number of trees in the orchard = 240
Number of apple trees = 16 2/3 %
According to the given condition, 16 (2/3) % of 240 = x
= 16.66 % of 240 = x
x = (16.66/100) × 240
x = 40 trees
Number of other types of trees = Total number of trees – number of apple trees
= 240 – 40
= 200 trees
10. Ram scored 553 marks out of 700, and Gita scored 486 marks out of 600 in science. Whose
performance is better?
Solution:
Given marks scored by Ram = 553/700
Percentage of marks scored by Ram = (553/700) × 100
= 0.79 × 100 = 79%
Also given that marks scored by Gita = (486/600)
Percentage of marks scored by Gita = (486/600) × 100
= 0.81 × 100 = 81
Gita’s performance (81%) is better than Ram’s (79%).

11. Out of an income of Rs 15000, Nazima spends Rs 10200. What per cent of her income does she
save?
Solution:
Given Nazima’s total income = Rs 15000
Amount Nazima spends = Rs 10200
Amount Nazima saves = 15000 – 10200
= Rs 4800
Percentage of income Nazima saves = (4800/15000) × 100
= 480000/15000
= 32%
Nazima saves 32% of her income.
12. 45% of the students in a school are boys. If the total number of students in the school is 880,
find the number of girls in the school.
Solution:
Given total number of students in the school = 880
Number of boys in the school = 45% of 880
= (45/100) × 880
= 39600/100
Number of boys = 396
Number of girls in the school = total number of students – number of boys
= 880 – 396
Number of girls = 484
13. Mr. Sidhana saves 28% of his income. If he saves 840 per month, find his monthly income.
Solution:
Let Mr. Sidhana’s monthly income be x
Monthly savings of Mr. Sidhana’s = Rs 840
28% of x = Rs 840
⇒ (28/100) × x = Rs 840
⇒ 28x = Rs 84000
⇒ x = (84000/28) = Rs 3000
Mr. Sidhana’s monthly income = Rs 3000

14. In an examination, 8% of the students fail. What percentage of the students pass? If 1650
students appeared in the examination, how many passed?
Solution:
Given total number of students who appeared for the examination = 1650
Number of students who failed = 8% of 1650
= (8/100) ×1650
= (8 × 1650)/100
= 13200/100
Number of students failed = 132
Number of students passed = 1650 – 132
= 1518
Percentage of students passed = (1518/1650) × 100
= 0.92 × 100 = 92%
92% of the students passed the examination.
15. In an examination, 92% of the candidates passed, and 46 failed. How many candidates
appeared?
Solution:
Let the total number of candidates be x
Number of candidates who failed = 46
Number of candidates who passed = 92% of x
According to the given condition
92% of x = x – 46
⇒ (92/100) x = x – 46
⇒ 92x = 100x – 4600
⇒ -8x = – 4600
⇒ x = 4600/8 = 575
Number of candidates who appeared for the examination = 575
1. Given the following values, find the unknown values:
(i) C.P. = Rs 1200, S.P. = Rs 1350 Profit/Loss?
(ii) C.P. = Rs 980, S.P. = Rs 940 Profit/Loss =?
(iii) C.P. = Rs 720, S.P. =?, Profit = Rs 55.50

(iv) C.P. =? S.P. = Rs 1254, Loss = Rs 32
Solution:
(i) Given CP = Rs. 1200, SP = Rs. 1350
Clearly CP < SP. So, profit.
Profit = SP – CP
= Rs. (1350 – 1200)
= Rs. 150
(ii) Given CP = Rs. 980, SP = Rs. 940
Clearly CP > SP. So, loss.
Loss = CP – SP
= Rs. (980 – 940)
= Rs. 40
(iii) CP = Rs. 720, SP =?, profit = Rs. 55.50
Profit = SP – CP
55.50 = SP – 720
SP = (55.50 + 720)
= Rs. 775.50
(iv) CP =?, SP = Rs. 1254, loss = Rs. 32
Loss = CP – SP
32 = CP – 1254
CP = (1254 + 32)
= Rs. 1286
2. Fill in the blanks in each of the following:
(i) C.P. = Rs 1265, S.P. = Rs 1253, Loss = Rs …….
(ii) C.P. = Rs……., S.P. = Rs 450, Profit = Rs 150
(iii) C.P. = Rs 3355, S.P. = Rs 7355,……. = Rs……
(iv) C.P. = Rs……., S.P. = Rs 2390, Loss = Rs 5.50
Solution:
(i) Loss = Rs 12
Explanation:
Given CP = Rs. 1265, SP = Rs. 1253
Loss = CP – SP
= Rs. (1265 – 1253)
= Rs. 12
(ii) C.P. = Rs 300
Explanation:
Given CP = ?, SP = Rs. 450, profit = Rs. 150
Profit = SP – CP
150 = 450 – CP
CP = Rs. (450 – 150)
= Rs. 300
(iii) Profit = Rs 4000
Explanation:
Given CP = Rs. 3355, SP = Rs. 7355,
Here SP > CP, so profit.
Profit = SP – CP
Profit = Rs. (7355 – 3355)
= Rs. 4000
(iv) C. P. = Rs 2395.50
Explanation:
Given CP = ?, SP = Rs. 2390, loss = Rs. 5.50
Loss = CP – SP
5.50 = CP – 2390
= Rs. (5.50 + 2390)
= Rs. 2395.50
3. Calculate the profit or loss and profit or loss percent in each of the following cases:
(i) C.P. = Rs 4560, S.P. = Rs 5000
(ii) C.P. = Rs 2600, S.P. = Rs 2470
(iii) C.P. = Rs 332, S.P. = Rs 350
(iv) C.P. = Rs 1500, S.P. = Rs 1500

Solution:
(i) Given CP = Rs. 4560, SP = Rs. 5000
Here, clearly SP > CP. So, profit.
Profit = SP – CP
= Rs. (5000 – 4560)
= Rs. 440
Profit % = {(Profit/CP) x 100} %
= {(440/4560) x 100} %
= {0.0965 x 100} %
Profit % = 9.65%
(ii) Given CP = Rs. 2600, SP = Rs. 2470.
Here, clearly CP > SP. So, loss.
Loss = CP – SP
= Rs. (2600 – 2470)
= Rs. 130
Loss % = {(Loss/CP) x 100} %
= {(130/2600) x 100} %
= {0.05 x 100} %
Loss % = 5%
(iii) Given CP = Rs. 332, SP= Rs. 350.
Here, clearly SP > CP. So, profit.
Profit = SP – CP
= Rs. (350 – 332)
= Rs. 18
Profit% = {(Profit/CP) x 100} %
= {(18/332) x 100} %
= {0.054 x 100} %
Profit % = 5.4%
(iv) Given CP = Rs. 1500, SP = Rs. 1500
Here clearly SP = CP.

So, neither profit nor loss.
4. Find the gain or loss percent, when:
(i) C.P. = Rs 4000 and gain = Rs 40.
(ii) S.P. = Rs 1272 and loss = Rs 328
(iii) S.P. = Rs 1820 and gain = Rs 420.
Solution:
(i) Given CP = Rs. 4000, gain = Rs. 40
Gain % = {(Gain/CP) x 100) %
= {(40/4000) x 100} %
= (0.01 x 100) %
Gain % = 1%
(ii) Given SP = Rs. 1272, loss = Rs. 328
Loss = CP – SP
Hence, CP = Loss+ SP
= Rs. 328 + Rs. 1272
= Rs. 1600
Loss % = {(Loss/CP) x 100} %
= {(328/1600) x 100%
Loss % = 20.5%
(iii) Given SP = Rs. 1820, gain = Rs. 420
Gain = SP – CP
CP = 1820 – 420
= Rs. 1400
Gain % = {(Gain/CP) x 100} %
= {(420/1400) x 100 %
Gain % = 30%
5. Find the gain or loss percent, when:
(i) C.P. = Rs 2300, Overhead expenses = Rs 300 and gain = Rs 260.
(ii) C.P. = Rs 3500, Overhead expenses = Rs 150 and loss = Rs 146

Solution:
(i) Given CP = Rs. 2300, overhead expenses = Rs. 300 and gain = Rs. 260
We know that Gain % = {(Gain/ (CP + overhead expenses)} x 100
= {260/ (2300 + 300} x 100
= {260/2600} x 100
Gain = 10%
(ii) Given CP = Rs. 3500, overhead expenses = Rs. 150 and loss = Rs. 146
We know that Loss % = {(Loss/ (CP + overhead expenses)} x 100
= {146/ (3500+ 150)} x 100
= {146/3650} x 100
= 14600/3650
Loss = 4%
6. A grain merchant sold 600 quintals of rice at a profit of 7%. If a quintal of rice cost him Rs 250
and his total overhead charges for transportation, etc. were Rs 1000 find his total profit and the
selling price of 600 quintals of rice.
Solution:
Given Cost of 1 quintal of rice = Rs. 250
Cost of 600 quintals of rice = 600 x 250 = Rs. 150000
Overhead expenses = Rs. 1000
CP = Rs. (150000 + 1000) = Rs. 151000
Profit % = (Profit/CP) x 100
7 = (Profit /151000) x 100
Profit = 1510 x 7
Profit = Rs. 10570
Now SP = CP + profit
= Rs. (151000 + 10570)
SP = Rs. 161570
7. Naresh bought 4 dozen pencils at Rs 10.80 a dozen and sold them for 80 paise each. Find his
gain or loss percent.
Solution:
Given Cost of 1 dozen pencils = Rs. 10.80

Therefore cost of 4 dozen pencils = 4 x 10.80
= Rs. 43.2
Also given that selling price of each pencil = 80 paise
Total number of pencils = 12 x 4 = 48
SP of 48 pencils = 48 x 80 paise
= 3840 paise
= Rs. 38.40
Here, clearly SP < CP.
Loss = CP – SP
= Rs. (43.2 – 38.4)
= Rs. 4.8
Loss % = (Loss/CP) x 100
= (4.8/43.2) x 100
= 480/43.2
Loss = 11.11%
8. A vendor buys oranges at Rs 26 per dozen and sells them at 5 for Rs 13. Find his gain percent.
Solution:
Given CP of 1 dozen oranges = Rs. 26
CP of 1 orange = 26/12
= Rs. 2.16
CP of 5 oranges = 2.16 x 5
= Rs. 10.8
Now, SP of 5 oranges = Rs. 13
Gain = SP – CP
= Rs. (13- 10.8)
= Rs. 2.2
Gain %= (Gain/CP) x 100
= (2.2/10.8) x 100
Gain = 20.3%
9. Mr Virmani purchased a house for Rs 365000 and spent Rs 135000 on its repairs. If he sold it for
Rs 550000, find his gain percent.
Solution:
Given Mr. Virmani spent to purchase the house = Rs. 365000
Amount he spent on repair = Rs. 135000
Total amount he spent on the house (CP) = Rs. (365000 + 135000)
= Rs. 500000
Given SP of the house = Rs. 550000
Gain = SP – CP
= Rs. (550000 – 500000)
= Rs. 50000
Gain % = (Gain/CP) x 100
= (50000/500000) x 100
= 5000000/500000
Gain = 10%
10. Shikha purchased a wrist watch for Rs 840 and sold it to her friend Vidhi for Rs 910. Find her
gain percent.
Solution:
Given CP of the wristwatch that Shikha purchased, CP = Rs. 840
The price at which she sold it, SP = Rs. 910
Gain = SP – CP
= (910 – 840)
= Rs. 70
Now Gain % = (Gain/CP) x 100
= (70/840) x 100
= 7000/840
Gain = 8.3%
11. A business man makes a 10% profit by selling a toy costing him Rs 120. What is the selling
price?
Solution:
CP = Rs. 120
Profit % = 10
We now that
SP = {(100 + profit %) /100} x CP = {(100+ 10)/100} x 120
= {(110/100)} x 120 = 1.1 x 120
= Rs. 132
12. Harish purchased 50 dozen bananas for Rs 135. Five dozen bananas could not be sold because
they were rotten. At what price per dozen should Harish sell the remaining bananas so that he
makes a profit of 20%?
Solution:
Given cost price of 50 dozens bananas that Harish purchased, CP = Rs. 135
Bananas left after removing 5 dozen rotten bananas = 45 dozens
Effective CP of one dozen bananas = Rs. 135/45 = Rs. 3
Calculating the price at which Harish should sell each dozen bananas to make a profit of 20% (or
1/5), we get
Profit % = (Gain/CP) x100
To get a gain of 20% we give profit % = 20
And substitute 20 = (gain/135) x100
Gain = 270/10 = 27
We know; SP = CP + Gain
SP = 27 + 135
SP = 162
Now that SP is for 45 Dozens of bananas
Calculating for one dozen
= 162/45
= Rs. 3.6
Harish should sell the bananas at Rs. 3.60 a dozen in order to make a profit of 20%.
13. A woman bought 50 dozen eggs at Rs 6.40 a dozen. Out of these 20 eggs were found to be
broken. She sold the remaining eggs at 55 paise per egg. Find her gain or loss percent.
Solution:
Given cost of one dozen eggs = Rs. 6.40
Cost of 50 dozen eggs = 50 x 6.40 = Rs. 320
Total number of eggs = 50 x 12 = 600
Number of eggs left after removing the broken ones = 600 – 20 = 580
SP of 1 egg = 55 paise
So, SP of 580 eggs = 580 x 55 = 31900 paise
= Rs. 31900/100
= Rs. 319
Loss = CP – SP
= Rs. (320 – 319) = Rs. 1
Loss % = (Loss/CP) x 100
= (1/320) x 100
Loss = 0.31%
14. Jyotsana bought 400 eggs at Rs 8.40 a dozen. At what price per hundred must she sell them so
as to earn a profit of 15%?
Solution:
Given cost of eggs per dozen = Rs. 8.40
Cost of 1 egg = 8.40/12
= Rs. 0.7
Cost of 400 eggs = 400 x 0.7 = Rs. 280
Calculating the price at which Jyotsana should sell the eggs to earn a profit of 15%,
We get 15% of 280 + 280
= {(15/100) x 280} + 280
= {4200/100} + 280
= 42 + 280
= Rs. 322
So, Jyotsana must sell the 400 eggs for Rs. 322 in order to earn a profit of 15%. Therefore, the SP
per one hundred eggs = Rs. 322/4 = Rs. 80.50.
15. A shopkeeper makes a profit of 15% by selling a book for Rs 230. What is the C.P. and the
actual profit?
Solution:
Given that the SP of a book = Rs. 230
Profit % = 15
Since
CP = (SP x 100)/ (100 + profit %)
CP = (230x 100)/ (100 + 15)

CP = 23000/ 115 = Rs. 200
Also, Profit = SP – CP = Rs. (230 – 200) = Rs. 30
Actual profit = Rs. 30
16. A bookseller sells all his books at a profit of 10%. If he buys a book from the distributor at Rs
200, how much does he sell it for?
Solution:
Given profit % = 10% CP = Rs. 200
Since SP = {(100 + profit %) /100} x CP
= {(100 + 10)/100} x 200
= {110/100} x 200 = Rs. 220
The bookseller sells the book for Rs. 220.
17. A floweriest buys 100 dozen roses at Rs 2 a dozen. By the time the flowers are delivered, 20
dozen roses are mutilated and are thrown away. At what price should he sell the rest if he needs to
make a 20% profit on his purchase?
Solution:
Given cost of 1 dozen roses = Rs. 2
Number of roses bought by the floweriest = 100 dozens
Thus, cost price of 100 dozen roses = 2 x 100 = Rs. 200
Roses left after discarding the mutilated ones = 80 dozens
Calculating the price at which the floweriest should sell the 80 dozen roses in order to make a
profit of 20%, we have
Profit % = ((SP-CP)/CP) x100 = ((SP-200)/200) x 100
40 = SP – 200
SP = Rs. 240
Therefore, the SP of the roses should be Rs. 240/80 = Rs. 3 per dozen.
18. By selling an article for Rs 240, a man makes a profit of 20%.What is his C.P.? What would his
profit percent be if he sold the article for Rs 275?
Solution:
Let CP = Rs. x SP = Rs. 240
Let profit be Rs. P.
Now, profit % = 20%
Since Profit % = (Profit/CP) x 100

20 = (P/x) x 100
P = 20x/100 = x/5
Profit = SP – CP = 240 – x
P = 240 – x
x /5 = 240 – x
240 = x + x/5
240 = 6×/5
x = 1200/6
x = 200
So, CP = Rs. 200
New SP = Rs. 275 and CP = Rs. 200
Profit % = {(SP – CP)/CP} x 100
{(275 – 200)/200} x 100 = (75/200) x 100
= 7500/200
= 37.5%
1. Find the simple interest, when:

(i) Principal = Rs 2000, Rate of Interest = 5% per annum and Time = 5 years.
(ii) Principal = Rs 500, Rate of Interest = 12.5% per annum and Time = 4 years.
(iii) Principal = Rs 4500, Rate of Interest = 4% per annum and Time = 6 months.
(iv) Principal = Rs 12000, Rate of Interest = 18% per annum and Time = 4 months.
(v) Principal = Rs 1000, Rate of Interest = 10% per annum and Time = 73 days.
Solution:
(i) Given Principal = Rs 2000, Rate of Interest = 5% per annum and Time = 5 years.
We know that simple interest = (P × T × R)/100
On substituting these values in the above equation, we get
SI = (2000 × 5 × 5)/100
= Rs 500
(ii) Given Principal = Rs 500, Rate of Interest = 12.5% per annum and Time = 4 years.
SI = (500 × 4 × 12.5)/100
= Rs 250
(iii) Given Principal = Rs 4500, Rate of Interest = 4% per annum and Time = 6 months = ½ years
SI = (4500 × ½ × 4)/100
SI = (4500 × 1 × 4)/100 × 2
= Rs 90
(iv) Given Principal = Rs 12000, Rate of Interest = 18% per annum and Time = 4 months = (4/12) =
(1/3) years
SI = (12000 × (1/3) × 18)/100
SI = (12000 × 1 × 18)/100 × 3
= Rs 720
(v) Given Principal = Rs 1000, Rate of Interest = 10% per annum and
Time = 73 days = (73/365) days
SI = (1000 × (73/365) × 10)/100
SI = (1000 × 73 × 10)/100 × 365
= Rs 20
2. Find the interest on Rs 500 for a period of 4 years at the rate of 8% per annum. Also, find the
amount to be paid at the end of the period.
Solution:
Given Principal amount P = Rs 500
Time period T = 4 years
Rate of interest R = 8% p.a.
SI = (500 × 4 × 8)/100
= Rs 160
Amount = Principal amount + Interest

= Rs 500 + 160
= Rs 660
3. A sum of Rs 400 is lent at the rate of 5% per annum. Find the interest at the end of 2 years.
Solution:
SI = (400 × 2 × 5)/100
= Rs 40
4. A sum of Rs 400 is lent for 3 years at the rate of 6% per annum. Find the interest.
Solution:
Principal amount P = Rs 400
SI = (400 × 3 × 6)/100
= Rs 72
5. A person deposits Rs 25000 in a firm who pays an interest at the rate of 20% per annum.
Calculate the income he gets from it annually.
Solution:
Time period T = 1 year
SI = (25000 × 1 × 20)/100
= Rs 5000
6. A man borrowed Rs 8000 from a bank at 8% per annum. Find the amount he has to pay after 4 ½
years.
Solution:
Time period T = 4 ½ years = 9/2 years
SI = (8000 × (9/2) × 8)/100
= Rs 2880
Amount = Principal amount + Interest
= Rs 8000 + 2880
= Rs 10880
7. Rakesh lent out Rs 8000 for 5 years at 15% per annum and borrowed Rs 6000 for 3 years at 12%
per annum. How much did he gain or lose?
Solution:
SI = (8000 × 5 × 15)/100
= Rs 6000
SI = (6000 × 3 × 12)/100
= Rs 2160
Amount gained by Rakesh = Rs 6000 − Rs 2160

= Rs 3840
8. Anita deposits Rs 1000 in a savings bank account. The bank pays interest at the rate of 5% per
annum. What amount can Anita get after one year?
Solution:
SI = (1000 × 1 × 5)/100
= Rs 50
Total amount paid after 1 year = Principal amount + Interest
= Rs 1000 + Rs 50
= Rs 1050
9. Nalini borrowed Rs 550 from her friend at 8% per annum. She returned the amount after 6
months. How much did she pay?
Solution:
Time period T = ½ year
SI = (550 × ½ × 8)/100
= Rs 22
Total amount paid after ½ year = Principal amount + Interest
= Rs 550 + Rs 22
= Rs 572
10. Rohit borrowed Rs 60000 from a bank at 9% per annum for 2 years. He lent this sum of money
to Rohan at 10% per annum for 2 years. How much did Rohit earn from this transaction?
Solution:

SI = (60000 × 2 × 10)/100
= Rs 12000
SI = (60000 × 2 × 9)/100
= Rs 10800
Amount gained by Rohit = Rs 12000 − Rs 10800
= Rs 1200
11. Romesh borrowed Rs 2000 at 2% per annum and Rs 1000 at 5% per annum. He cleared his debt
after 2 years by giving Rs 2800 and a watch. What is the cost of the watch?
Solution:
SI = (2000 × 2 × 2)/100
= Rs 80
SI = (1000 × 2 × 5)/100
= Rs 100
Total amount that he will have to return = Rs. 2000 + 1000 + 80 + 100 = Rs. 3180
Amount repaid = Rs. 2800
Value of the watch = Rs. 3180 – 2800 = Rs. 380
12. Mr Garg lent Rs 15000 to his friend. He charged 15% per annum on Rs 12500 and 18% on the
rest. How much interest does he earn in 3 years?
Solution:
SI = (12500 × 3 × 15)/100
= Rs 5625
Rest of the amount lent = Rs 15000 − Rs 12500 = Rs 2500
Rate of interest = 18 % p.a.
Time period = 3 years
SI = (2500 × 3 × 18)/100
= Rs 1350
Total interest earned = Rs 5625 + Rs 1350 = Rs 6975
13. Shikha deposited Rs 2000 in a bank which pays 6% simple interest. She withdrew Rs 700 at the
end of first year. What will be her balance after 3 years?
Solution:
SI = (2000 × 1 × 6)/100
= Rs 120
So amount after 1 year = Principal amount + Interest = 2000 + 120 = Rs 2120
after 1 year, amount withdrawn = Rs 700
Principal amount left = Rs 2120 − Rs 700 = Rs 1420
Time period = 2 years
Rate of interest = 6% p.a.
SI = (1420 × 2 × 6)/100
Interest after two years = Rs 170.40
Total amount after 3 years = Rs 1420 + Rs 170.40 = Rs 1590.40
14. Reema took a loan of Rs 8000 from a money lender, who charged interest at the rate of 18% per
annum. After 2 years, Reema paid him Rs 10400 and wrist watch to clear the debt. What is the
price of the watch?
Solution:
SI = (8000 × 2 × 18)/100
= Rs 2880
Total amount payable by Reema after 2 years = Rs 8,000 + Rs 2,880
= Rs 10,880
Amount paid = Rs 10,400
Value of the watch = Rs 10,880 − Rs 10,400 = Rs 480
15. Mr Sharma deposited Rs 20000 as a fixed deposit in a bank at 10% per annual. If 30% is
deducted as income tax on the interest earned, find his annual income.
Solution:

SI = (20000 × 1 × 10)/100
= Rs 2000
Amount deducted as income tax = 30% of 2000 = (30 × 2000)/100
= Rs 600
Annual interest after tax deduction = Rs 2,000 − Rs 600 = Rs 1,400
CHAPTER 13 PERIMETER AND AREA
1. Find the circumference of the circle whose radius is
(i) 14cm
(ii) 10m
(iii) 4km
Solution:
(i) Given radius = 14cm
We know that the circumference of the circle = 2 π r
π value is 22/7
C = 2 × (22/7) × 14
C = 88cm
(ii) Given radius = 10m
C = 2 × (22/7) × 10
C = 62.86 m
(iii) Given radius = 4km
C = 2 × (22/7) × 4
C = 25.142 km
2. Find the circumference of a circle whose diameter is
(i) 7 cm
(ii) 4.2 cm
(iii) 11.2 km
Solution:
(i) Given diameter = 7cm
We know that radius = diameter/2
Therefore, r = d/2
r = 7/2
C = 2 × (22/7) × 7/2
C = 22 cm
(ii) Given diameter = 4.2 cm
Therefore, r = 4.2/2
r = 2.1
C = 2 × (22/7) × 2.1
C = 13.2 cm
(iii) Given diameter = 11.2 km
r = 5.6
C = 2 × (22/7) × 5.6
C = 35.2 km
3. Find the radius of a circle whose circumference is
(i) 52.8 cm
(ii) 42 cm
(iii) 6.6 km
Solution:
(i) Given circumference, C = 52.8 cm

Therefore radius, r = C/2 π
r = (52.8 × 7)/ (2 × 22)
r = 369.6/ 44
r = 8.4 cm
(ii) Given circumference, C = 42 cm
r = (42 × 7)/ (2 × 22)
r = 294/ 44
r = 6.68 cm
(iii) Given circumference, C = 6.6 km
r = (6.6 × 7)/ (2 × 22)
r = 46.2/ 44
r = 1.05 km
4. Find the diameter of a circle whose circumference is
(i) 12.56 cm
(ii) 88 m
(iii) 11.0 km
Solution:
r = (12.56 × 7)/ (2 × 22)
r = 87.92/ 44
r = 1.99 cm
But diameter = 2r
= 2 × 1.99 = 3.99 cm
(ii) Given circumference, C = 88 m
r = (88 × 7)/ (2 × 22)
r = 616/ 44
r = 14 m
But diameter = 2r
= 2 × 14 = 28 m
r = (11 × 7)/ (2 × 22)
r = 77/ 44
r = 1.75 km
But diameter = 2r
= 2 × 1.75 = 3.5 km
5. The ratio of the radii of two circles is 3: 2. What is the ratio of their circumferences?
Solution:
Given that the ratio of the radii = 3: 2
So, let the radii of the two circles be 3r and 2r respectively.
And let C1 and C2 be the circumference of the two circles of radii 3r and 2r respectively.
C1 = 2 π × 3r = 6 π r … (i)
Now C2 = 2 × 2 π r = 4 π r … (ii)
Consider, C1/C2 = (6 π r)/ 4 π r = 6/4 = 3/2
C1: C2 = 3: 2
6. A wire in the form of a rectangle 18.7 cm long and 14.3 cm wide is reshaped and bent into the
form of a circle. Find the radius of the circle so formed.
Solution:
Given length of rectangular wire = 18.7 cm
Breadth of rectangular wire = 14.3 cm
According to the question length of wire = perimeter of the rectangle

= 2 (l + b) = 2 × (18.7 + 14.3)
= 2 (33)
= 66 cm
Let the wire bent in the form of circle of radius r cm then we have
Circumference = 66cm
2 π r = 66
2 × (22/7) × r = 66
(44/7) r = 66
r = (66 × 7)/44
r = 462/44
= 10.5 cm
7. A piece of wire is bent in the shape of an equilateral triangle of each side 6.6 cm. It is re-bent to
form a circular ring. What is the diameter of the ring?
Solution:
Given side of equilateral triangle = 6.6 cm
Length of the wire = the perimeter of equilateral triangle
Perimeter of equilateral triangle = 3 × side
= 3 × 6.6 = 19.8 cm
Therefore circumference = 19.8 cm
C=2πr
19.8 = 2 × (22/7) × r
19.8 = (44/7) r
r = (19.8 × 7)/44
r = 138.6/44
= 3.15 cm
Diameter = 2r
Therefore diameter of ring = 2 × 3.15 = 6.3 cm
8. The diameter of a wheel of a car is 63 cm. Find the distance travelled by the car during the
period, the wheel makes 1000 revolutions.
Solution:
It may be noted that in one revolution, the cycle covers a distance equal to the circumference of the
wheel.
Given the diameter of the wheel = 63 cm
We know that circumference of the wheel = π d
= 22/7 x 63
= 198 cm.
Thus, the cycle covers 198 cm in one revolution.
Therefore the distance covered by the cycle in 1000 revolutions = (198 x 1000)
= 198000 cm
= 1980 m.
9. The diameter of a wheel of a car is 98 cm. How many revolutions will it make to travel 6160
meters.
Solution:
In one revolution of the wheel, the car travels a distance equal to the circumference of the wheel.
Given diameter of the wheel of a car = 98 cm
Circumference of the wheel of the car = π d
= 22/7 x 98
= 308 cm
The distance travelled by the car in one revolution = 308 cm
Total distance travelled by the car = 6160 m = 616000 cm
Therefore number of revolution = total distance travelled by the car/ distance travelled by the car in
one revolution
Number of revolution = 616000/308 = 2000
10. The moon is about 384400 km from the earth and its path around the earth is nearly circular.
Find the circumference of the path described by the moon in lunar month.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
The radius of the path described by the moon around the earth = 384400 km
The circumference of the path described by the moon,
C=2πr
C = 2 × (22/7) × 384400
C = 2416228.57 km
11. How long will John take to make a round of a circular field of radius 21 m cycling at the speed
of 8 km/hr.?
Solution:
Given the radius of the circular field = 21 m
Circumference of the circular field = 2 π r
C = 2 × (22/7) × 21
C = 132 m
If John cycles at a speed of 8 km/hr then John covers 8000 m in 1 hour.
(In 1 hour John covers 8 km = 8000 m)
So, time required to cover 132 m = 132/8000 = 0.0165 hours
As, 1 hour = 3600 seconds
By converting 0.0165 hours into minutes we get
0.0615 hours = 0.0165 x 3600 = 59.4 seconds.
12. The hour and minute hands of a clock are 4 cm and 6 cm long respectively. Find the sum of the
distances travelled by their tips in 2 days.
Solution:
Length of the hour hand is 4 cm, which describes the radius of the path inscribed by the hour hand.
Length of the minute hand is 6 cm, which describes the radius of the path inscribed by the minute
hand.
The circumference of the path inscribed by the hour hand = 2 π r
C = 2 × (22/7) × 4
C = 176/7 cm
The hour hand makes 2 revolutions in one day.
Therefore distance covered by the hour hand in 2 days = (176/7) × 2 × 2
= 100.57 cm
The distance covered by the minute hand in 1 revolution = 2 π r
C = 2 × (22/7) × 6
C = 264/7
As we know, the minute hand makes 1 revolution in one hour.
In 1 day, it makes 24 revolutions.
In 2 days, it makes 2 × 24 revolutions.

The distance covered by the minute hand in 2 days = 2 × 24 × (264/7)
= 12672/7
= 1810.28 cm
The sum of the distances travelled by the hour and minute hands in 2 days = 1810.28 + 100.57
= 1910.85 cm
13. A rhombus has the same perimeter as the circumference of the circle. If the side of the
rhombus is 2.2m, find the radius of the circle.
Solution:
Given the side of a rhombus = 2.2 m
We know that the perimeter of the rhombus = 4 x side
= 4 x 2.2 m
= 8.8 m.
According to the question it is clear that,
Perimeter of the rhombus = Circumference of the circle
8.8 = 2 π r
8.8 = 2 × (22/7) × r
r = (8.8 × 7)/ 44
r = 61.6/44
r = 1.4 m
Therefore radius of the circle = 1.4m
14. A wire is looped in the form of a circle of radius 28 cm. It is re-bent into a square form.
Determine the length of the side of the square.
Solution:
Given the radius of the circle = 28 cm
Using the circumference of the circle formula, we have
Circumference = 2 π r
C = 2 × (22/7) × 28
C = 176 cm
Let x cm be the side of the square. Then,
The circumference of the circle = the perimeter of the square
Perimeter of square = 4x
176 = 4 × x
x = 176/4
x = 44
Therefore the side of the square = 44 cm
15. A bicycle wheel makes 5000 revolutions in moving 11 km. Find the diameter of the wheel.
Solution:
Given total distance covered by bicycle in 5000 revolutions = 11 km = 11000 m
Therefore distance covered in 1 revolution = 11000/5000 = 2.2 m = 11/5
Distance covered in 1 revolution = Circumference of the wheel
C=πd
11/5 = (22/7) d
d = (11 × 7)/ (5 × 22)
d = 77/110
d = 0.7 m
Therefore diameter of wheel = 0.7 m = 70 cm
16. A boy is cycling such that the wheels of the cycle are making 140 revolutions per minute. If the
diameter of the wheel is 60 cm, calculate the speed per hour with which the boy is cycling.
Solution:
Distance covered by the wheel in 1 revolution = Circumference of the wheel
Distance covered by the wheel in 1 revolution = π d
= 22/7 × 60 cm
Distance covered by the wheel in 140 revolutions = 22/7 × 60 × 140
= 26400 cm
Thus, the wheel covers 26400 cm in 1 minute. Then,
Speed = 26400/100 × 60 m/hr
= 264 × 60 m/hr
= 264 × 60/1000 km/hr
= 15.84 km/hr
The speed with which the boy is cycling is 15.84 km/hr.

17. The diameter of the driving wheel of a bus is 140 cm. How many revolutions per minute must
the wheel make in order to keep a speed of 66 km per hour?
Solution:
Given diameter of the wheel = 140 cm
Desired speed of the bus = 66 km/hr
Circumference of the wheel = π d
C = 22/7 × 140
C = 440 cm
Now, the desired speed of the bus = 66 km/hr = (66 × 1000 × 100)/60 = 110000 cm/min
Number of revolution per minute = 110000/440
= 250
Therefore, the bus must make 250 revolutions per minute to keep the speed at 66 km/hr.
18. A water sprinkler in a lawn sprays water as far as 7 m in all directions. Find the length of the
outer edge of wet grass.
Solution:
From the question it is clear that, a water sprinkler in a lawn sprays water as far as 7 m in all
directions. So wet area shows a circular region of radius 7 m.
The length of the outer edge of the wet grass = Circumference of circle
Circumference of the circle = 2 π r
C = 2 × 22/7 × 7
C = 44 m
19. A well of diameter 150 cm has a stone parapet around it. If the length of the outer edge of the
parapet is 660 cm. then find the width of the parapet.
Solution:
Given diameter of the well = 150 cm
Length of the outer edge of the parapet = 660 cm
Now we have to find width of the parapet
Now, radius of well = half of diameter = 150/2 = 75 cm
Consider the width of the stone parapet be x cm. then, according to the question outer edge of the
parapet forms a circular region of radius (x + 75) cm
So, 660 = 2 × 22/7 × (x + 75)

(660 × 7)/ 2 × 22 = x + 75
4620/44 = x + 75
105 = x + 75
x = 105 – 75
x = 30
The width of the parapet = x = 30cm
20. An ox in a kolhu (an oil processing apparatus) is tethered to a rope 3 m long. How much
distance does it cover in 14 rounds?
Solution:
Radius of the circular path traced by the ox = 3 m and
Distance covered by an ox in 1 round = Circumference of the circular path
C = 2 × (22/7) × 3 m
Distance covered in 14 rounds = 2 × (22/7) × 3 × 14
C = 264 m
1. Find the area of a circle whose radius is
(i) 7 cm
(ii) 2.1 m
(iii) 7 km
Solution:
(i) Given radius = 7 cm
We know that area of circle = π r2
A = (22/7) × 72
A = 22 × 7
A = 154 cm2
(ii) Given radius = 2.1 m
A = (22/7) × (2.1)2
A = 22/7 × 4.41
A = 13.86 m2
(iii) Given radius = 7 km
A = (22/7) × 72
A = 22 × 7
A = 154 km2
2. Find the area of a circle whose diameter is
(i) 8.4 cm
(ii) 5.6 m
(iii) 7 km
Solution:
(i) Given diameter = 8.4 cm
Therefore radius, r = d/2 = 8.4/2 = 4.2
A = (22/7) × (4.2)2
A = 55.44 cm2
Therefore radius, r = d/2 = 5.6/2 = 2.8
A = (22/7) × (2.8)2
A = 24.64 cm2
(iii) Given diameter = 7 km
Therefore radius, r = d/2 = 7/2 = 3.5
A = (22/7) × (3.5)2
A = 38.5 km2
3. The area of a circle is 154 cm2. Find the radius of the circle.
Solution:
Given area of the circle = 154 cm2
A = π r2
154 = 22/7 r2
r2 = (154 × 7)/22
r2 = 49
r = 7 cm
4. Find the radius of a circle, if its area is
(i) 4 π cm2
(ii) 55.44 m2
(iii) 1.54 km2
Solution:
(i) We know that area of circle = π r2
Given area = 4 π cm2
A = π r2
4 π = π r2
r2 = 4
Therefore r = 2 cm
(ii) We know that area of circle = π r2
Given area = 55.44 cm2
A = π r2
55.44 = π r2
r2 = (55.44 × 7)/22
r2 = 17.64 m
r = 4.2 m
(iii) We know that area of circle = π r2
Given area = 1.54 km2
A = π r2
1.54 = π r2
r2 = (1.54 × 7)/22
r2 = 0.49 km
r = 0.7 km
r = 700m
5. The circumference of a circle is 3.14 m, find its area.
Solution:
Given circumference = 3.14m
We know that circumference of circle = 2 π r
3.14 = 2 × 3.14 × r
r = 3.14/ (2 × 3.14)
r = 0.5
A = (22/7) × (0.5)2
A = 0.785 m2
6. If the area of a circle is 50.24 m2, find its circumference.
Solution:
Given area of a circle is 50.24 m2
50.24 = (22/7) × r2
r2 = (50.24 × 7)/22
r2 = 15.985
r = 3.998 m
We know that circumference of circle = 2 π r
C = 2 × (22/7) × 3.998
C = 25.12 m
7. A horse is tied to a pole with 28 m long string. Find the area where the horse can graze.
(Take π = 22 / 7).
Solution:
Given the length of the string = 28m
The area over which the horse can graze is the same as the area of circle of radius 28 m
Hence required area = π r2
A = (22/7) × (28)2
A = 2464 m2
8. A steel wire when bent in the form of a square encloses an area of 121 cm2. If the same wire is
bent in the form of a circle, find the area of the circle.
Solution:
Given area of the square = 121 cm2
(Side) 2 = 121
Therefore side = 11 cm
We know that the perimeter of the square = 4 (side)
= 4 (11)
= 44 cm
According to the question circumference of the circle = perimeter of the square
So let r be the radius of the circle
2 π r = 44
2 × (22/7) × r = 44
Therefore r = 7 cm
We know that area of the circle = π r2
A = (22/7) × (7)2
A = 154 cm2
9. A road which is 7 m wide surrounds a circular park whose circumference is 352 m. Find the area
of road.
Solution:
Given circumference of park = 352 m
But we know that circumference of circle = 2 π r = 352 m
2 × (22/7) × r = 352
r = (352 × 7)/ 44
r = 56 m
Radius of the path including the 7m wide road = (r + 7) = 56 + 7 = 63m
Therefore area of the road = π × (63)2 – π × (56)2
A = 22/7 × 63 × 63 – (22/7) × 56 × 56
A = 22 (9 × 63 – 8 × 56)
A = 22 (567 – 448)
A = 2618 m2
10. Prove that the area of a circular path of uniform width h surrounding a circular region of radius r
is πh (2r + h).
Solution:
Let radius of circular region = r
Radius of circular path of uniform width h surrounding the circular region of radius,
r=r+h
Therefore area of path = π (r + h)2 – πr2
= π r2 + π h2 + 2 π r h – π r2
= π h (2r + h)
Hence the proof.
11. The perimeter of a circle is 4πr cm. What is the area of the circle?
Solution:
Given perimeter of circle = 4πr cm
Which can be written as = 2 π (2r)
We know that the perimeter of a circle = 2 π r
Therefore we have radius = 2r
We also know that area of circle = π r2
= π (2r)2
= 4 π r2 cm2
12. A wire of 5024 m length is in the form of a square. It is cut and made a circle. Find the ratio of
the area of the square to that of the circle.
Solution:
It is given that, Perimeter of the square = 5024 m
⇒ 4 × side = 5024
⇒ Side = 5024/4
⇒ Side = 1256 m
The same wire is converted into the form of a circle. Therefore,
Circumference of the circle = Perimeter of the square
⇒ 2πr = 5024
⇒ 2 × π × r = 5024
⇒ r = 2512/π
We know that area of the square: Area of the circle = (side)2 : πr2
Area of square/ area of circle = (side)2/ πr2

Area of square/ area of circle = (1256 × 1256)/ [π × (2512/ π) × (2512/ π)]
= (1256 × 1256 × 22)/ (2512 × 2512 × 7)
= 11/14
Area of the square: Area of the circle = 11: 14
13. The radius of a circle is 14 cm. Find the radius of the circle whose area is double of the area of
the circle.
Solution:
Let the area of the circle whose radius is 14 cm be A1.
We know that area of the circle = πr2
Therefore,
A1 = π (14)2
Let A2 and r2 be the area and radius of the second circle respectively whose area is double the area
of circle A1.
A2 = 2 A1
⇒ π (r2)2 = 2 × π (14)2
⇒ (r2)2 = 2 × (14)2
⇒ r2 = 14√2 cm
Hence the radius of the circle A2 is 14√2 cm.
14. The radius of one circular field is 20 m and that of another is 48 m. find the radius of the third
circular field whose area is equal to the sum of the areas of two fields.
Solution:
Let A1 = the area of the circle whose radius is 20 m [given]
A2 = the area of the circle whose radius is 48 m [given]
Now we have to find the radius of third circle such that whose area is equal to the sum of areas of
two fields.
Hence,
A 3 = A1 + A2
⇒ π r2 = π (20)2 + π (48)2
⇒ π r2 = π [(20)2 + (48)2]
⇒ r2 = 400 + 2304
⇒ r = 52 m
Therefore radius = 52 m
15. The radius of one circular field is 5 m and that of the other is 13 m. Find the radius of the
circular field whose area is the difference of the areas of first and second field.
Solution:
Let A1 = the area of the circular field whose radius is 5 m [given]
A2 = the area of the circular field whose radius is 13 m [given]
Now we have to find the area of circular field such that area is the difference of the areas of first
and second field
A 3 = A2 – A1
⇒ π r2 = π (13)2 – π (5)2
⇒ π r2 = π [(13)2 – (5)2]
⇒ r2 = 169 – 25
⇒ r2 = 144
⇒ r = 12 m
Hence, the radius of the circular field is 12 m.
16. Two circles are drawn inside a big circle with diameters 2/3rd and 1/3rd of the diameter of the
big circle as shown in Fig. 18. Find the area of the shaded portion, if the length of the diameter of
the circle is 18 cm.
Solution:
It is given that, diameter of the big circle = 18 cm
Radius of the big circle = 9 cm
Area of the big circle, A = π r2 = π (9)2 = 81π cm2
Let d1 = (2/3) × 18 = 12 cm
r1 = 6 cm
Area of the circle, A1 = π r2 = π (6)2 = 36π cm2
d2 = (1/3) × 18 = 6 cm
r2 = 3 cm
Area of the circle, A2 = π r2 = π (3)2 = 9π cm2
Area of the shaded portion = A – (A1 + A2)
Area of the shaded portion = 81π – (36π + 9π) = 36π cm2
17. In Fig. 19, the radius of quarter circular plot taken is 2 m and radius of the flower bed is 2 m.
Find the area of the remaining field.
Solution:
Given that Radius of flower bed = 2 m
Area of flower bed = π r2 = π (2)2 = 4π
Radius of the quarter circular plot = 2 m
Area of the quarter circular plot = (π r2)/4
Area of 4 quarter circular plots = 4 × (π r2)/4
= π r2
= π (2)2
= 4π
We know that area of the rectangular region = Length x Breadth
Area of the rectangular region = 8 x 6 = 48 m2
Area of the remaining field = Area of the rectangular region – (Area of 4 quarter circular plots +
Area of the flower bed)
Area of the remaining field = 48 – (4π + 4π)
= 48 – 25.12
= 22.88 m2
18. Four equal circles, each of radius 5 cm, touch each other as shown in Fig. 20. Find the area
included between them. (Take π = 3.14).
Solution:
From the figure we can see that,
Side of the square = 10 cm
We know that area of the square = side x side = 10 x 10 = 100 cm2
Radius of the quarter circle = 5 cm
Area of the quarter circle = (π r2)/4
Area of 4 quarter circle = 4 × (π r2)/4
= π r2
= 3.14 × (5)2
= 78.5 cm2
Area included in the quarter circle = Area of the square – Area of the four quarter circles
Area included in them = (100 – 78.5) cm2
= 21.5 cm2
19. The area of circle is 100 times the area of another circle. What is the ratio of their
circumferences?
Solution:
Let the area of the circles be A1 and A2 and their circumference be c1 and c2 respectively.
According to the question it is clear that A1 = 100 A2
⇒ π (r1)2 = 100 × π (r2)2
⇒ r1 = 10 r2
⇒ r1/r2 = 10/1 … (i)
Finding the ratios of the circumference;
C1: C2 = 2πr1: 2πr2
C1/C2 = (2πr1)/ (2πr2)
C1/C2 = r1/r2
Putting the value of r1/r2 from equation (i)
C1/C2 = 10/1
C1: C2 = 10: 1
Hence, the ratio of their circumferences is 10: 1.
1. Find the circumference of the circle whose radius is
(i) 14cm
(ii) 10m
(iii) 4km
Solution:
(i) Given radius = 14cm
π value is 22/7
C = 2 × (22/7) × 14
C = 88cm
(ii) Given radius = 10m
C = 2 × (22/7) × 10
C = 62.86 m
(iii) Given radius = 4km
C = 2 × (22/7) × 4
C = 25.142 km
2. Find the circumference of a circle whose diameter is
(i) 7 cm
(ii) 4.2 cm
(iii) 11.2 km
Solution:
(i) Given diameter = 7cm
Therefore, r = d/2
r = 7/2
C = 2 × (22/7) × 7/2
C = 22 cm
r = 2.1
C = 2 × (22/7) × 2.1
C = 13.2 cm
(iii) Given diameter = 11.2 km
r = 5.6
C = 2 × (22/7) × 5.6
C = 35.2 km
3. Find the radius of a circle whose circumference is
(i) 52.8 cm
(ii) 42 cm
(iii) 6.6 km
Solution:
r = (52.8 × 7)/ (2 × 22)
r = 369.6/ 44
r = 8.4 cm
(ii) Given circumference, C = 42 cm
r = (42 × 7)/ (2 × 22)
r = 294/ 44
r = 6.68 cm
r = (6.6 × 7)/ (2 × 22)
r = 46.2/ 44
r = 1.05 km
4. Find the diameter of a circle whose circumference is
(i) 12.56 cm
(ii) 88 m
(iii) 11.0 km
Solution:
r = (12.56 × 7)/ (2 × 22)
r = 87.92/ 44
r = 1.99 cm
But diameter = 2r
= 2 × 1.99 = 3.99 cm
(ii) Given circumference, C = 88 m
r = (88 × 7)/ (2 × 22)
r = 616/ 44
r = 14 m
But diameter = 2r
= 2 × 14 = 28 m
r = (11 × 7)/ (2 × 22)
r = 77/ 44
r = 1.75 km
But diameter = 2r
= 2 × 1.75 = 3.5 km
5. The ratio of the radii of two circles is 3: 2. What is the ratio of their circumferences?
Solution:
Given that the ratio of the radii = 3: 2
So, let the radii of the two circles be 3r and 2r respectively.

And let C1 and C2 be the circumference of the two circles of radii 3r and 2r respectively.
C1 = 2 π × 3r = 6 π r … (i)
Now C2 = 2 × 2 π r = 4 π r … (ii)
Consider, C1/C2 = (6 π r)/ 4 π r = 6/4 = 3/2
C1: C2 = 3: 2
6. A wire in the form of a rectangle 18.7 cm long and 14.3 cm wide is reshaped and bent into the
form of a circle. Find the radius of the circle so formed.
Solution:
Given length of rectangular wire = 18.7 cm
Breadth of rectangular wire = 14.3 cm
According to the question length of wire = perimeter of the rectangle
= 2 (l + b) = 2 × (18.7 + 14.3)
= 2 (33)
= 66 cm
Let the wire bent in the form of circle of radius r cm then we have
Circumference = 66cm
2 π r = 66
2 × (22/7) × r = 66
(44/7) r = 66
r = (66 × 7)/44
r = 462/44
= 10.5 cm
7. A piece of wire is bent in the shape of an equilateral triangle of each side 6.6 cm. It is re-bent to
form a circular ring. What is the diameter of the ring?
Solution:
Given side of equilateral triangle = 6.6 cm
Length of the wire = the perimeter of equilateral triangle
Perimeter of equilateral triangle = 3 × side
= 3 × 6.6 = 19.8 cm
Therefore circumference = 19.8 cm
C=2πr
19.8 = 2 × (22/7) × r
19.8 = (44/7) r
r = (19.8 × 7)/44
r = 138.6/44
= 3.15 cm
Diameter = 2r
Therefore diameter of ring = 2 × 3.15 = 6.3 cm
8. The diameter of a wheel of a car is 63 cm. Find the distance travelled by the car during the
period, the wheel makes 1000 revolutions.
Solution:
It may be noted that in one revolution, the cycle covers a distance equal to the circumference of the
wheel.
We know that circumference of the wheel = π d
= 22/7 x 63
= 198 cm.
Thus, the cycle covers 198 cm in one revolution.
Therefore the distance covered by the cycle in 1000 revolutions = (198 x 1000)
= 198000 cm
= 1980 m.
9. The diameter of a wheel of a car is 98 cm. How many revolutions will it make to travel 6160
meters.
Solution:
In one revolution of the wheel, the car travels a distance equal to the circumference of the wheel.
Given diameter of the wheel of a car = 98 cm
Circumference of the wheel of the car = π d
= 22/7 x 98
= 308 cm
The distance travelled by the car in one revolution = 308 cm
Total distance travelled by the car = 6160 m = 616000 cm

Therefore number of revolution = total distance travelled by the car/ distance travelled by the car in
one revolution
Number of revolution = 616000/308 = 2000
10. The moon is about 384400 km from the earth and its path around the earth is nearly circular.
Find the circumference of the path described by the moon in lunar month.
Solution:
From the question it is given that,
The radius of the path described by the moon around the earth = 384400 km
The circumference of the path described by the moon,
C=2πr
C = 2 × (22/7) × 384400
C = 2416228.57 km
11. How long will John take to make a round of a circular field of radius 21 m cycling at the speed
of 8 km/hr.?
Solution:
Given the radius of the circular field = 21 m
Circumference of the circular field = 2 π r
C = 2 × (22/7) × 21
C = 132 m
If John cycles at a speed of 8 km/hr then John covers 8000 m in 1 hour.
(In 1 hour John covers 8 km = 8000 m)
So, time required to cover 132 m = 132/8000 = 0.0165 hours
As, 1 hour = 3600 seconds
By converting 0.0165 hours into minutes we get
0.0615 hours = 0.0165 x 3600 = 59.4 seconds.
12. The hour and minute hands of a clock are 4 cm and 6 cm long respectively. Find the sum of the
distances travelled by their tips in 2 days.
Solution:
Length of the hour hand is 4 cm, which describes the radius of the path inscribed by the hour hand.
Length of the minute hand is 6 cm, which describes the radius of the path inscribed by the minute
hand.
The circumference of the path inscribed by the hour hand = 2 π r
C = 2 × (22/7) × 4
C = 176/7 cm
The hour hand makes 2 revolutions in one day.
Therefore distance covered by the hour hand in 2 days = (176/7) × 2 × 2
= 100.57 cm
The distance covered by the minute hand in 1 revolution = 2 π r
C = 2 × (22/7) × 6
C = 264/7
As we know, the minute hand makes 1 revolution in one hour.
In 1 day, it makes 24 revolutions.
In 2 days, it makes 2 × 24 revolutions.
The distance covered by the minute hand in 2 days = 2 × 24 × (264/7)
= 12672/7
= 1810.28 cm
The sum of the distances travelled by the hour and minute hands in 2 days = 1810.28 + 100.57
= 1910.85 cm
13. A rhombus has the same perimeter as the circumference of the circle. If the side of the
rhombus is 2.2m, find the radius of the circle.
Solution:
Given the side of a rhombus = 2.2 m
We know that the perimeter of the rhombus = 4 x side
= 4 x 2.2 m
= 8.8 m.
According to the question it is clear that,
Perimeter of the rhombus = Circumference of the circle
8.8 = 2 π r
8.8 = 2 × (22/7) × r
r = (8.8 × 7)/ 44
r = 61.6/44
r = 1.4 m
Therefore radius of the circle = 1.4m
14. A wire is looped in the form of a circle of radius 28 cm. It is re-bent into a square form.
Determine the length of the side of the square.
Solution:
Given the radius of the circle = 28 cm
Using the circumference of the circle formula, we have
C = 2 × (22/7) × 28
C = 176 cm
Let x cm be the side of the square. Then,
The circumference of the circle = the perimeter of the square
Perimeter of square = 4x
176 = 4 × x
x = 176/4
x = 44
Therefore the side of the square = 44 cm
15. A bicycle wheel makes 5000 revolutions in moving 11 km. Find the diameter of the wheel.
Solution:
Given total distance covered by bicycle in 5000 revolutions = 11 km = 11000 m
Therefore distance covered in 1 revolution = 11000/5000 = 2.2 m = 11/5
Distance covered in 1 revolution = Circumference of the wheel
C=πd
11/5 = (22/7) d
d = (11 × 7)/ (5 × 22)
d = 77/110
d = 0.7 m
Therefore diameter of wheel = 0.7 m = 70 cm
16. A boy is cycling such that the wheels of the cycle are making 140 revolutions per minute. If the
diameter of the wheel is 60 cm, calculate the speed per hour with which the boy is cycling.
Solution:
Distance covered by the wheel in 1 revolution = π d
= 22/7 × 60 cm
Distance covered by the wheel in 140 revolutions = 22/7 × 60 × 140
= 26400 cm
Thus, the wheel covers 26400 cm in 1 minute. Then,
Speed = 26400/100 × 60 m/hr
= 264 × 60 m/hr
= 264 × 60/1000 km/hr
= 15.84 km/hr
The speed with which the boy is cycling is 15.84 km/hr.
17. The diameter of the driving wheel of a bus is 140 cm. How many revolutions per minute must
the wheel make in order to keep a speed of 66 km per hour?
Solution:
Given diameter of the wheel = 140 cm
Desired speed of the bus = 66 km/hr
Circumference of the wheel = π d
C = 22/7 × 140
C = 440 cm
Now, the desired speed of the bus = 66 km/hr = (66 × 1000 × 100)/60 = 110000 cm/min
Number of revolution per minute = 110000/440
= 250
Therefore, the bus must make 250 revolutions per minute to keep the speed at 66 km/hr.
18. A water sprinkler in a lawn sprays water as far as 7 m in all directions. Find the length of the
outer edge of wet grass.
Solution:
From the question it is clear that, a water sprinkler in a lawn sprays water as far as 7 m in all
directions. So wet area shows a circular region of radius 7 m.
The length of the outer edge of the wet grass = Circumference of circle
Circumference of the circle = 2 π r
C = 2 × 22/7 × 7
C = 44 m
19. A well of diameter 150 cm has a stone parapet around it. If the length of the outer edge of the
parapet is 660 cm. then find the width of the parapet.
Solution:
Given diameter of the well = 150 cm
Length of the outer edge of the parapet = 660 cm
Now we have to find width of the parapet
Now, radius of well = half of diameter = 150/2 = 75 cm

Consider the width of the stone parapet be x cm. then, according to the question outer edge of the
parapet forms a circular region of radius (x + 75) cm
So, 660 = 2 × 22/7 × (x + 75)
(660 × 7)/ 2 × 22 = x + 75
4620/44 = x + 75
105 = x + 75
x = 105 – 75
x = 30
The width of the parapet = x = 30cm
20. An ox in a kolhu (an oil processing apparatus) is tethered to a rope 3 m long. How much
distance does it cover in 14 rounds?
Solution:
Radius of the circular path traced by the ox = 3 m and
Distance covered by an ox in 1 round = Circumference of the circular path
C = 2 × (22/7) × 3 m
Distance covered in 14 rounds = 2 × (22/7) × 3 × 14
C = 264 m
1. Find the area, in square metres, of a rectangle whose
(i) Length = 5.5 m, breadth = 2.4 m
(ii) Length = 180 cm, breadth = 150 cm
Solution:
(i) Given Length = 5.5 m, Breadth = 2.4 m
We know that area of rectangle = Length x Breadth
= 5.5 m x 2.4 m = 13.2 m2
(ii) Given Length = 180 cm = 1.8 m, Breadth = 150 cm = 1.5 m [Since 100 cm = 1 m]
We know that area of rectangle = Length x Breadth
= 1.8 m x 1.5 m = 2.7 m2
2. Find the area, in square centimetres, of a square whose side is
(i) 2.6 cm
(ii) 1.2 dm
Solution:
(i) Given side of the square = 2.6 cm
We know that area of the square = (Side)2
= (2.6 cm)2
= 6.76 cm2
(ii) Given side of the square = 1.2 dm
= 1.2 x 10 cm = 12 cm [Since 1 dm = 10 cm]
= (12 cm)2
= 144 cm2
3. Find in square meters, the area of a square of side 16.5 dam.
Solution:
Given side of the square = 16.5
dam = 16.5 x 10 m = 165 m [Since 1 dam/dm (decametre) = 10 m]
Area of the square = (Side)2
= (165 m)2
= 27225 m2
4. Find the area of a rectangular field in acres whose sides are:
(1) 200 m and 125 m
(ii) 75 m 5 dm and 120 m
Solution:
(i) Given length of the rectangular field = 200 m
Breadth of the rectangular field = 125 m
We know that area of the rectangular field = Length x Breadth
= 200 m x 125 m
= 25000 m2
= 250 acres [Since 100 m2 = 1 acre]
(ii) Given length of the rectangular field =75 m 5 dm
= (75 + 0.5) m
= 75.5 m [Since 1 dm = 10 cm = 0.1 m]
We know that area of the rectangular field = Length x Breadth
= 75.5 m x 120 m
= 9060 m2
= 90.6 acres [Since 100 m2 = 1 acre]
5. Find the area of a rectangular field in hectares whose sides are:
(i) 125 m and 400 m
(ii) 75 m 5 dm and 120 m
Solution:
(i) Given length of the rectangular field = 125 m
We know that the area of the rectangular field = Length x Breadth
= 125 m x 400 m
= 50000 m2
= 5 hectares [Since 10000 m2 = 1 hectare]
(ii) Given length of the rectangular field =75 m 5 dm
= (75 + 0.5) m
= 75.5 m [Since 1 dm = 10 cm = 0.1 m]
We know that the area of the rectangular field = Length x Breadth
= 75.5 m x 120 m
= 9060 m2
= 0.906 hectares [Since 10000 m2 = 1 hectare]
6. A door of dimensions 3 m x 2m is on the wall of dimension 10 m x 10 m. Find the cost of

painting the wall if rate of painting is Rs 2.50 per sq. m.
Solution:
Given length of the door = 3 m
Also given that breadth of the door = 2 m
Side of the wall = 10 m
We know that Area of the square = (Side)2
Area of the wall = Side x Side = 10 m x 10 m
= 100 m2
We know that the area of the rectangle = length x breadth
Area of the door = Length x Breadth = 3 m x 2 m = 6 m
Thus, required area of the wall for painting = Area of the wall – Area of the door
= (100 – 6) m2
= 94 m2
Rate of painting per square metre = Rs. 2.50
Hence, the cost of painting the wall = Rs. (94 x 2.50) = Rs. 235
7. A wire is in the shape of a rectangle. Its length is 40 cm and breadth is 22 cm. If the same wire is
bent in the shape of a square, what will be the measure of each side. Also, find which side encloses
more area?
Solution:
Given length of rectangular shaped wire = 40cm
Breadth of rectangular shaped wire = 22cm
Perimeter of the rectangle = 2(Length + Breadth)
= 2(40 cm + 22 cm)
= 124 cm
It is given that the wire which was in the shape of a rectangle is now bent into a square.
Therefore, the perimeter of the square = Perimeter of the rectangle
Perimeter of the square = 124 cm
We know that perimeter of square = 4 x side
Therefore 4 x side = 124 cm
Side = 124/4 = 31 cm
We know that area of rectangle = length x breadth
Now, Area of the rectangle
= 40 cm x 22 cm
= 880 cm2
= (31 cm)2
= 961 cm2.
Therefore, the square-shaped wire encloses more area.

8. How many square meters of glass will be required for a window, which has 12 panes, each pane
measuring 25 cm by 16 cm?
Solution:
Given length of the glass pane = 25 cm
Breadth of the glass pane = 16 cm
Area of one glass pane = 25 cm x 16 cm
= 400 cm2
= 0.04 m2 [Since 1 m2 = 10000 cm2]
Thus, Area of 12 panes = 12 x 0.04 = 0.48 m2
9. A marble tile measures 10 cm x 12 cm. How many tiles will be required to cover a wall of size 3
m x 4 m? Also, find the total cost of the tiles at the rate of Rs 2 per tile.
Solution:
Given area of the wall = 3 m x 4 m
= 12 m2
Also given that area of one marble tile = 10 cm x 12 cm
= 120 cm2
= 0.012 m2 [Since 1 m2 = 10000 c m2]
Number of tiles required to cover the wall = Area of wall/ Area of one marble tile
= 12/0.012
= 1000 tiles
Cost of one tile = Rs. 2
Total cost = Number of tiles x Cost of one tile
= Rs. (1000 x 2)
= Rs. 2000
10. A table top is 9 dm 5 cm long 6 dm 5 cm broad. What will be the cost to polish it at the rate of
20 paise per square centimetre?
Solution:
Given length of the table top = 9 dm 5 cm
= (9 x 10 + 5) cm
= 95 cm [Since 1 dm = 10 cm]
Also given that Breadth of the table top = 6 dm 5 cm
= (6 x 10 + 5) cm
= 65 cm
Area of the table top = Length x Breadth
= (95 cm x 65 cm)
= 6175 c m2
Rate of polishing per square centimetre = 20 paise = Rs. 0.20 [since 1Rs. = 100 paise]
Total cost to polish table top = (6175 x 0.20)
= Rs. 1235
11. A room is 9.68 m long and 6.2 m wide. Its floor is to be covered with rectangular tiles of size 22
cm by 10 cm. Find the total cost of the tiles at the rate of Rs 2.50 per tile.
Solution:
Given length of the floor of the room = 9.68 m
Breadth of the floor of the room = 6.2 m
Area of the floor = 9.68 m x 6.2 m
= 60.016 m2
Given that length of the tile = 22 cm
Breadth of the tile = 10 cm
Area of one tile = 22 cm x 10 cm
= 220 cm2
= 0.022 m2 [Since 1 m2 = 10000 c m2]
Thus, Number of tiles = 60.016 m2/0.022 m2
= 2728
We have cost of one tile = Rs. 2.50

Total cost = Number of tiles x Cost of one tile
= (2728 x 2.50)
= Rs. 6820
12. One side of a square field is 179 m. Find the cost of raising a lawn on the field at the rate of Rs
1.50 per square metre.
Solution:
Given that one side of the square field = 179 m
Area of the field = (Side) 2
= (179 m) 2
= 32041 m2
Rate of raising a lawn on the field per square metre = Rs. 1.50
Therefore total cost of raising a lawn on the field = (32041 x 1.50)
= Rs. 48061.50
13. A rectangular field is measured 290 m by 210 m. How long will it take for a girl to go two times
round the field, if she walks at the rate of 1.5 m/sec?
Solution:
Given length of the rectangular field = 290 m
Also breadth of the rectangular field = 210 m
We know that perimeter of the rectangular field = 2(Length + Breadth)
= 2(290 + 210)
= 1000 m
Distance covered by the girl = 2 x Perimeter of the rectangular field
= 2 x 1000
= 2000 m
The girl walks at the rate of 1.5 m/sec.
Speed of the girl = 1.5 x 60 m/min
= 90 m/min
Speed = Distance/ Time
So, time taken by the girl = Distance/Speed
= 2000/90
=
min
Hence, the girl will take
min to go two times around the field.

14. A corridor of a school is 8 m long and 6 m wide. It is to be covered with canvas sheets. If the
available canvas sheets have the size 2 m x 1 m, find the cost of canvas sheets required to cover
the corridor at the rate of Rs 8 per sheet.
Solution:
Given length of the corridor = 8 m
Also breadth of the corridor = 6 m
Area of the corridor of a school = Length x Breadth
= (8 m x 6 m)
= 48 m2
We have length of the canvas sheet = 2 m
Breadth of the canvas sheet = 1 m
Area of one canvas sheet = Length x Breadth
= (2 m x 1 m)
= 2 m2
Thus, Number of canvas sheets required to cover the corridor = 48/2 = 24
Given Cost of one canvas sheet = Rs. 8
Total cost of the canvas sheets = number of canvas sheet x cost of one canvas sheet
= (24 x 8) = Rs. 192

15. The length and breadth of a playground are 62 m 60 cm and 25 m 40 cm respectively. Find the
cost of turfing it at Rs 2.50 per square meter. How long will a man take to go three times round the
field, if he walks at the rate of 2 meters per second?
Solution:
Given that length of playground = 62 m 60 cm
= 62.6 m [Since 10 cm = 0.1 m]
Breadth of a playground = 25 m 40 cm
= 25.4 m
Area of a playground = Length x Breadth

= 62.6 m x 25.4 m
= 1590.04 m2
Given rate of turfing = Rs. 2.50/ m2
Total cost of turfing = (1590.04 x 2.50)
= Rs. 3975.10
Perimeter of a rectangular field = 2(Length + Breadth)
= 2(62.6 + 25.4) = 176 m
Distance covered by the man in 3 rounds of a field = 3 x Perimeter of a rectangular field
= 3 x 176 m = 528 m
The man walks at the rate of 2 m/sec.
Speed of man walks = 2 x 60 m/min = 120 m/min
Thus, required time to cover a distance of 528 m = 528/120
= 4.4 min
= 4 minutes 24 seconds [Since 0.1 minutes = 6 seconds]
16. A lane 180 m long and 5 m wide is to be paved with bricks of length 20 cm and breadth 15 cm.
Find the cost of bricks that are required, at the rate of Rs 750 per thousand.
Solution:
Given that length of lane = 180 m
Breadth of the lane = 5 m
Area of a lane = Length x Breadth
= 180 m x 5 m
= 900 m2
Length of the brick = 20 cm
Breadth of the brick = 15 cm
Area of a brick = Length x Breadth
= 20 cm x 15 cm
= 300 cm2
= 0.03 m2 [Since 1 m2 = 10000 cm2]
Required number of bricks = 900/0.03 = 30000
Cost of 1000 bricks = Rs. 750
Total cost of 30,000 bricks = 750×30,000/1000

= Rs. 22,500
17. How many envelopes can be made out of a sheet of paper 125 cm by 85 cm; supposing one
envelope requires a piece of paper of size 17 cm by 5 cm?
Solution:
Given length of the sheet of paper = 125 cm
Also given that breadth of the sheet of paper = 85 cm
Area of a sheet of paper = Length x Breadth
= 125 cm x 85 cm
= 10,625 cm2
Length of sheet required for an envelope = 17 cm
Breadth of sheet required for an envelope = 5 cm
Area of the sheet required for one envelope = Length x Breadth
= 17 cm x 5 cm
= 85 c m2
Thus, required number of envelopes = 10,625/85
= 125
18. The width of a cloth is 170 cm. Calculate the length of the cloth required to make 25 diapers, if
each diaper requires a piece of cloth of size 50 cm by 17 cm.
Solution:
Given that length of the diaper = 50 cm
Breadth of the diaper = 17 cm
Area of cloth to make 1 diaper = Length x Breadth
= 50 cm x 17 cm
= 850 cm2
Thus, Area of 25 such diapers = (25 x 850) cm2
= 21,250 cm2
Area of total cloth = Area of 25 diapers = 21,250 cm2
It is given that width of a cloth = 170 cm
Length of the cloth = Area of cloth
We have width of cloth = 170cm
Length of a cloth = 21,250/170 cm = 125 cm

Hence, length of the cloth will be 125 cm.
19. The carpet for a room 6.6 m by 5.6 m costs Rs 3960 and it was made from a roll 70 cm wide.
Find the cost of the carpet per meter.
Solution:
Given that length of a room = 6.6 m
Breadth of a room = 5.6 m
Area of a room = Length x Breadth
= 6.6 m x 5.6 m
= 36.96 m2
Width of a carpet = 70 cm = 0.7 m [Since 1 m = 100 cm]
Length of a carpet x Width of a carpet = Area of a room
36.96 = Length of the carpet × 0.7
Length of the carpet = 36.96/0.7
Length of the carpet = 52.8 m
Cost of the carpet per metre = Total cost of the carpet/Length of the carpet
= 3960/52.8
= Rs. 75
20. A room is 9 m long, 8 m broad and 6.5 m high. It has one door of dimensions 2 m x 1.5 m and
three windows each of dimensions 1.5 m x 1 m. Find the cost of white washing the walls at Rs 3.80
per square meter.
Solution:
Given Length of a room = 9 m
Breadth of a room = 8 m
Height of a room = 6.5 m
Area of 4 walls = 2(1 + b) h
= 2 (9 m + 8 m) x 6.5 m
= 2 x 17 m x 6.5 m
= 221 m2
Length of a door = 2 m
Breadth of a door = 1.5 m
Area of a door = Length x Breadth

= 2 m x 1.5 m
= 3 m2
Length of a window = 1.5 m
Breadth of a window = 1 m
Since, area of one window = Length x Breadth
= 1.5 m x 1 m
= 1.5 m2
Thus, Area of 3 such windows = 3 x 1.5 m2
= 4.5 m2
Area to be white washed = Area of 4 walls – (Area of one door + Area of 3 windows)
Area to be white washed = [221 – (3 + 4.5)] m2
= (221 – 7.5) m2
= 213.5 m2
We have cost of white washing for 1 m2 area = Rs. 3.80
Cost of white washing for 213.5 m2 area = Rs. (213.5 x 3.80)
= Rs. 811.30
21. A hall 36 m long and 24 m broad allowing 80 m2 for doors and windows, the cost of papering
the walls at Rs 8.40 per m2 is Rs 9408. Find the height of the hall.
Solution:
Given length of the hall = 36 m
Breadth of the hall = 24 m
Let h be the height of the hall.
Now, in papering the wall, we need to paper the four walls excluding the floor and roof of the hall.
So, the area of the wall which is to be papered = Area of 4 walls
= 2 h (I + b)
= 2 h (36 + 24)
= 120 hm2
Now, area left for the door and the windows = 80 m2
So, the area which is actually papered = (120h – 80) m2
Cost of papering the wall = Area required for papering × Cost per meter square of papering wall
9408 = (120 h – 80) × 8.40

1120 = 120 h – 80
1200 = 120 h
h = 10 m
Hence, the height of the wall would be 10 m.
1. A rectangular grassy lawn measuring 40 m by 25 m is to be surrounded externally by a path

which is 2 m wide. Calculate the cost of leveling the path at the rate of Rs 8.25 per square meter.
Solution:
Let PQRS be the rectangular grassy lawn and let length = AB and breadth = BC
Given Length PQ = 40 m and breadth QR = 25 m
Area of lawn PQRS = 40 m x 25 m = 1000 m2
Length AB = (40 + 2 + 2) m = 44 m
Breadth BC = (25 + 2 + 2) m = 29 m
Area of ABCD = 44 m x 29 m = 1276 m2
Now, Area of the path = Area of ABCD – Area of the lawn PQRS
= 1276 m2 – 1000 m2
= 276 m2
Rate of levelling the path = Rs. 8.25 per m2
Cost of levelling the path = (8.25 x 276)
= Rs. 2277
2. One meter wide path is built inside a square park of side 30 m along its sides. The remaining part
of the park is covered by grass. If the total cost of covering by grass is Rs 1176, find the rate per
square metre at which the park is covered by the grass.
Solution:
Given that side of a square garden = 30m = a
We know that area of square = a2
Area of the square garden including the path = a2
= (30)2 = 900 m2
From the figure, it can be observed that the side of the square garden, when the path is not
included, is 28 m.
Area of the square garden not including the path = (28) 2
= 784 m2
Total cost of covering the park with grass = Area of the park covering with green grass x Rate per
square metre
1176 = 784 x Rate per square metre
Rate per square metre at which the park is covered with grass = (1176/784)
= Rs. 1.50 per m2
3. Through a rectangular field of sides 90 m x 60 m, two roads are constructed which are parallel to
the sides and cut each other at right angles through the center of the field. If the width of the roads
is 3 m, find the total area covered by the two roads.
Solution:
Given length of rectangular field = 90m
Breadth of rectangular field = 60m
Area of the rectangular field = 90 m x 60 m = 5400 m2
Area of the road PQRS = 90 m x 3 m
= 270 m2
Area of the road ABCD = 60 m x 3 m
= 180 m2
Clearly, area of KLMN is common to the two roads.
Thus, area of KLMN = 3 m x 3 m
= 9 m2
Hence, area of the roads = Area (PQRS) + Area (ABCD) – Area (KLMN)
= (270 + 180) m2 – 9 m2
= 441 m2
4. From a rectangular sheet of tin, of size 100 cm by 80 cm, are cut four squares of side 10 cm
from each corner. Find the area of the remaining sheet.
Solution:
Given that length of rectangular sheet = 100 cm
Breadth of rectangular sheet = 80 cm
Area of the rectangular sheet of tin = 100 cm x 80 cm
= 8000 c m2
Side of the square at the corner of the sheet = 10 cm
Area of one square at the corner of the sheet = (10 cm)2
= 100 cm2
Area of 4 squares at the corner of the sheet = 4 x 100 cm2
= 400 cm2
Hence, Area of the remaining sheet of tin = Area of the rectangular sheet – Area of the 4 squares
Area of the remaining sheet of tin = (8000 – 400) cm2
= 7600 cm2
5. A painting 8 cm long and 5 cm wide is painted on a cardboard such that there is a margin of 1.5
cm along each of its sides. Find the total area of the margin.
Solution:
Given length of cardboard including margin = 8 cm
Breadth of the cardboard including margin = 5 cm
Area of the cardboard including the margin = 8 cm x 5 cm = 40 c m2
From the figure, we can observed that,
New length of the painting without margin = 8 cm – (1.5 cm + 1.5 cm)
= (8 – 3) cm
= 5 cm
New breadth of the painting without margin = 5 cm – (1.5 cm + 1.5 cm)
= (5 – 3) cm
= 2 cm
Area of the painting not including the margin = 5 cm x 2 cm = 10 cm2
Hence, Area of the margin = Area of the cardboard including the margin – Area of the painting
= (40 – 10) cm2
= 30 cm2
6. Rakesh has a rectangular field of length 80 m and breadth 60 m. In it, he wants to make a garden
10 m long and 4 m broad at one of the corners and at another corner, he wants to grow flowers in
two floor-beds each of size 4 m by 1.5 m. In the remaining part of the field, he wants to apply
manures. Find the cost of applying the manures at the rate of Rs 300 per area.
Solution:
Given that length of a rectangular field = 80 m
Breadth of a rectangular field = 60 m
Area of rectangular field = length x breadth
= (80 x 60) m
= 4800 m2
Again, Area of the garden = 10 m x 4 m = 40 m2
Area of one flower bed = 4 m x 1.5 m = 6 m2
Thus, Area of two flower beds = 2 x 6 m2 = 12 m2

Remaining area of the field for applying manure = Area of the rectangular field – (Area of the
garden + Area of the two flower beds)
Remaining area of the field for applying manure = 4800 m2 – (40 + 12) m2
= (4800 – 52) m2
= 4748 m2
Since 100 m2 = 1 acre
Therefore by using the above
4748 m2 = 47.48 acres
So, cost of applying manure at the rate of Rs. 300 per area will be = Rs. (300 x 47.48)
= Rs. 14244
7. Each side of a square flower bed is 2 m 80 cm long. It is extended by digging a strip 30 cm wide
all around it. Find the area of the enlarged flower bed and also the increase in the area of the flower
bed.
Solution:
Given side of the flower bed = 2 m 80 cm = 2.80 m [since 100cm = 1m]
Area of the square flower bed = (Side)2

= (2.80 m)2
= 7.84 m2
Side of the flower bed with strip = 2.80 m + 30 cm + 30 cm
= (2.80 + 0.3 + 0.3) m
= 3.4 m
Area of the enlarged flower bed with the digging strip = (Side)2
= (3.4)2
= 11.56 m2
Thus, Increase in the area of the flower bed = Area of the enlarged flower bed with the digging strip
– Area of the square flower bed
= 11.56 m2 – 7.84 m2
= 3.72 m2
8. A room 5 m long and 4 m wide is surrounded by a verandah. If the verandah occupies an area of
22 m2, find the width of the verandah.
Solution:
Let the width of the verandah be x m.
Given Length of the room AB = 5 m and breadth of the room, BC = 4 m
Area of the room = 5 m x 4 m
= 20 m2
From the figure, it is clear that
Length of the veranda PQ = (5 + x + x) = (5 + 2x) m
Breadth of the veranda QR = (4 + x + x) = (4 + 2x) m

Area of veranda PQRS = (5 + 2x) x (4 + 2x)
= (4×2 + 18x + 20) m2
Area of veranda = Area of PQRS – Area of ABCD
22 = 4x2 + 18x + 20 – 20
22 = 4x2 + 18x
On dividing above equation by 2 we get,
11 = 2x2 + 9x
2x2 + 9x – 11 = 0
2x2 + 11x – 2x – 11 = 0
x (2x+11) – 1 (2x+11) = 0
(x- 1) (2x+11)= 0
When x – 1 = 0, x = 1
When 2x + 11 = 0, x = (-11/2)
The width cannot be a negative value. So, width of the veranda = x = 1 m
9. A square lawn has a 2 m wide path surrounding it. If the area of the path is 136 m2, find the area
of the lawn.
Solution:
Let ABCD be the square lawn and PQRS be the outer boundary of the square path.
Let side of the lawn AB be x m.
Area of the square lawn = x2
Given that Length PQ = (x + 2 + 2) = (x + 4) m
Area of PQRS = (x + 4)2 = (x2 + 8x + 16) m2
Now, Area of the path = Area of PQRS – Area of the square lawn
136 = x2 + 8x + 16 – x2
136 = 8x + 16
136 – 16 = 8x
120 = 8x
x = 120/ 8 = 15
Side of the lawn = 15 m
Hence, Area of the lawn = (Side)2

= (15 m)2
= 225 m2
10. A poster of size 10 cm by 8 cm is pasted on a sheet of cardboard such that there is a margin of
width 1.75 cm along each side of the poster. Find (i) the total area of the margin (ii) the cost of the
cardboard used at the rate of Rs 0.60 per c m2.
Solution:
Given length of poster = 10 cm and breadth of poster = 8 cm
Area of the poster = Length x Breadth
= 10 cm x 8 cm
= 80 cm2
Length of the cardboard when the margin is included = 10 cm + 1.75 cm + 1.75 cm
= 13.5 cm
Breadth of the cardboard when the margin is included = 8 cm + 1.75 cm + 1.75 cm
= 11.5 cm
Area of the cardboard = Length x Breadth
= 13.5 cm x 11.5 cm
= 155.25 c m2
(i) Area of the margin = Area of cardboard including the margin – Area of the poster
= 155.25 c m2 – 80 c m2
= 75.25 c m2
(ii) Cost of the cardboard = Area of cardboard x Rate of the cardboard Rs 0.60 per cm2
= (155.25 x 0.60)
= Rs. 93.15
11. A rectangular field is 50 m by 40 m. It has two roads through its center, running parallel to its
sides. The widths of the longer and shorter roads are 1.8 m and 2.5 m respectively. Find the area of
the roads and the area of the remaining portion of the field.
Solution:
Let ABCD be the rectangular field and KLMN and PQRS the two rectangular roads with width 1.8 m
and 2.5 m, respectively.
Given that length of rectangular field = 50 m

Area of rectangular field ABCD = 50 m x 40 m
= 2000 m2
Area of the road KLMN = 40 m x 2.5 m
= 100 m2
Area of the road PQRS = 50 m x 1.8 m
= 90 m2
Clearly area of EFGH is common to the two roads.
Thus, Area of EFGH = 2.5 m x 1.8 m = 4.5 m2
Hence, Area of the roads = Area of KLMN + Area of PQRS – Area of EFGH
= (100 m2 + 90 m2) – 4.5 m2
= 185.5 m2
Area of the remaining portion of the field = Area of the rectangular field ABCD – Area of the roads
= (2000 – 185.5) m2
= 1814.5 m2
12. There is a rectangular field of size 94 m x 32 m. Three roads each of 2 m width pass through
the field such that two roads are parallel to the breadth of the field and the third is parallel to the
length. Calculate: (i) area of the field covered by the three roads (ii) area of the field not covered by
the roads.
Solution:
Let ABCD be the rectangular field.
From the figure it is clear that two roads which are parallel to the breadth of the field KLMN and
EFGH with width 2 m each.
One road which is parallel to the length of the field PQRS with width 2 m.
We have from the question, length of the rectangular field AB = 94 m and breadth of the rectangular
field BC = 32 m
Area of the rectangular field = Length x Breadth
= 94 m x 32 m
= 3008 m2
Area of the road KLMN = 32 m x 2 m
= 64 m2
Area of the road EFGH = 32 m x 2 m
= 64 m2
= 188 m2
Clearly area of VTUI and WXYZ is common to these three roads.

Thus, Area of VTUI = 2 m x 2 m = 4 m2
Area of WXYZ = 2 m x 2 m = 4 m2
(i) Area of the field covered by the three roads = Area of KLMN + Area of EFGH + Area (PQRS) –
(Area of VTUI + Area of WXYZ)
= [64+ 64 + 188 – (4 + 4)] m2
= 316 m2 – 8 m2
= 308 m2
(ii) Area of the field not covered by the roads = Area of the rectangular field ABCD – Area of the
field covered by the three roads
= 3008 m2 – 308 m2
= 2700 m2
13. A school has a hall which is 22 m long and 15.5 m broad. A carpet is laid inside the hall leaving
all around a margin of 75 cm from the walls. Find the area of the carpet and the area of the strip
left uncovered. If the width of the carpet is 82 cm, find the cost at the rate of Rs 18 per meter.
Solution:
Given that length of hall PQ = 22 m and breadth of hall QR = 15.5 m
Area of the school hall PQRS = 22 m x 15.5 m
= 341 m2
Length of the carpet AB = 22 m – (0.75 m + 0.75 m)
= 20.5 m [Since 100 cm = 1 m]
Breadth of the carpet BC = 15.5 m – (0.75 m + 0.75 m)
= 14 m
Area of the carpet ABCD = 20.5 m x 14 m
= 287 m2
Area of the strip = Area of the school hall PQRS – Area of the carpet ABCD
= 341 m2 – 287 m2
= 54 m2
Now, area of the 1 m length of carpet = 1 m x 0.82 m
= 0.82 m2
Thus, Length of the carpet whose area is 287 m2 = 287 m2 + 0.82 m2
= 287.82 m
Cost of the 287.82 m long carpet = Rs. 18 x 287.82
= Rs. 5180.76
14. Two cross roads, each of width 5 m, run at right angles through the center of a rectangular park
of length 70 m and breadth 45 m parallel to its sides. Find the area of the roads. Also, find the cost
of constructing the roads at the rate of Rs 105 per m2.
Solution:
Let ABCD be the rectangular park then EFGH and IJKL are the two rectangular roads with width 5m.
Given that length of rectangular park = 70m
Breadth of rectangular park = 45m
Area of the rectangular park = Length x Breadth
= 70 m x 45 m
= 3150 m2
= 350 m2
Now, Area of the road JKLI = 45 m x 5 m
= 225 m2
From the figure, it is clear that area of MNOP is common to the two roads.
Thus, Area of MNOP = 5 m x 5 m = 25 m2
Therefore,
Area of the roads = Area of EFGH + Area of JKLI – Area of MNOP
= (350 + 225) m2– 25 m2
= 550 m2
Again, it is given that the cost of constructing the roads = Rs. 105 per m2
Therefore,
Cost of constructing 550 m2 area of the roads
= Rs. (105 x 550)
= Rs. 57750.
15. The length and breadth of a rectangular park are in the ratio 5: 2. A 2.5 m wide path running all
around the outside the park has an area 305 m2. Find the dimensions of the park.
Solution:
Given that area of the park be 305m2.
Let the length of the park be 5x m and breadth be 2x m.
Therefore,
Area of the rectangular park = (5x) x (2x)
= 10x2 m2
Width of the path = 2.5 m

From the figure,
Outer length PQ = 5x m + 2.5 m + 2.5 m
= (5x + 5) m
Outer breadth QR = 2x + 2.5 m + 2.5 m
= (2x + 5) m
Area of PQRS = (5x + 5) m x (2x + 5) m
= (10x2 + 25x + 10x + 25) m2
= (10x2 + 35x + 25) m2
Area of the path = [(10x2 + 35x + 25) – 10x2] m2
By solving above equation we get
305 = 35x + 25
305 – 25 = 35x
280 = 35x
x = 280/35 = 8
Therefore,
Length of the park = 5x
= 5 x 8 = 40 m
Breadth of the park = 2x
= 2 x 8 = 16 m
16. A square lawn is surrounded by a path 2.5 m wide. If the area of the path is 165 m2, find the
area of the lawn.
Solution:
Let the side of lawn be x m.
Given that width of the path = 2.5 m
Side of the lawn including the path = (x + 2.5 + 2.5) m
= (x + 5) m
Therefore, area of lawn = (Area of the lawn including the path) – (Area of the path)
We know that the area of a square = (Side)2
Area of lawn (x2) = (x + 5)2 – 165
x2 = (x2 + 10x + 25) – 165
165 = 10x + 25
165 – 25 =10x
140 = 10x
Therefore x = 140/10 = 14
Thus the side of the lawn = 14 m
Therefore,
The area of the lawn = (14 m) 2

= 196 m2
1. Find the area of a parallelogram with base 8 cm and altitude 4.5 cm.
Solution:
Given base = 8 cm and altitude = 4.5 cm
We know that area of the parallelogram = Base x Altitude
= 8 cm x 4.5 cm
Therefore, area of parallelogram = 36 cm2
2. Find the area in square meters of the parallelogram whose base and altitudes are as under
(i) Base =15 dm, altitude = 6.4 dm
(ii) Base =1 m 40 cm, altitude = 60 cm
Solution:
(i) Given base =15 dm, altitude = 6.4 dm
By converting these to standard form we get,
Base = 15 dm = (15 x 10) cm = 150 cm = 1.5 m
Altitude = 6.4 dm = (6.4 x 10) cm = 64 cm = 0.64 m
= 1.5 m x 0.64 m
Area of parallelogram = 0.96 m2
(ii) Given base = 1 m 40 cm = 1.4 m [Since 100 cm = 1 m]
Altitude = 60 cm = 0.6 m [Since 100 cm = 1 m]
= 1.4 m x 0.6 m
= 0.84 m2
3. Find the altitude of a parallelogram whose area is 54 d m2 and base is 12 dm.
Solution:
Given area of the given parallelogram = 54 d m2
Base of the given parallelogram = 12 dm
Therefore altitude of the given parallelogram = Area/Base

= 54/12 dm
= 4.5 dm
4. The area of a rhombus is 28 m2. If its perimeter be 28 m, find its altitude.
Solution:
Given perimeter of a rhombus = 28 m
But we know that perimeter of a rhombus = 4 (Side)
4(Side) = 28 m
Side = 28/4
Side = 7m
Now, Area of the rhombus = 28 m2
But we know that area of rhombus = Side x Altitude
(Side x Altitude) = 28 m2
(7 x Altitude) = 28 m2
Altitude = 28/7 = 4 m
5. In Fig. 20, ABCD is a parallelogram, DL ⊥ AB and DM ⊥ BC. If AB = 18 cm, BC =12 cm and DM=
9.3 cm, find DL.
Solution:
Given DL ⊥ AB and DM ⊥ BC
Taking BC as the base, BC = 12 cm and altitude DM = 9.3 cm
We know that area of parallelogram ABCD = Base x Altitude
= (12 cm x 9.3 cm)
= 111.6 c m2 ….. Equation (i)
Now, by taking AB as the base,
We have, Area of the parallelogram ABCD = Base x Altitude
= (18 cm x DL) ….. Equation (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we have
18 cm x DL = 111.6 c m2
DL = 111.6/18
= 6.2 cm
6. The longer side of a parallelogram is 54 cm and the corresponding altitude is 16 cm. If the
altitude corresponding to the shorter side is 24 cm, find the length of the shorter side.
Solution:
Let ABCD is a parallelogram with the longer side AB = 54 cm and corresponding altitude AE = 16
cm.
The shorter side is BC and the corresponding altitude is CF = 24 cm.
We know that area of a parallelogram = base x height.
We have two altitudes and two corresponding bases.
By equating them we get,
½ x BC x CF = ½ x AB x AE
BC x CF = AB x AE
BC x 24 = 54 x 16
BC = (54 × 16)/24
= 36 cm
Hence, the length of the shorter side BC = AD = 36 cm.
7. In Fig. 21, ABCD is a parallelogram, DL ⊥ AB. If AB = 20 cm, AD = 13 cm and area of the

parallelogram is 100 c m2, find AL.
Solution:
From the figure we have ABCD is a parallelogram with base AB = 20 cm and corresponding altitude
DL.
It is given that the area of the parallelogram ABCD = 100 c m2
We know that the area of a parallelogram = Base x Height
Therefore,
100 = AB x DL
100 = 20 x DL
DL = 100/20 = 5 cm
By observing the picture it is clear that we have to apply the Pythagoras theorem,
Therefore by Pythagoras theorem, we have,
(AD)2 = (AL)2 + (DL)2
(13)2 = (AL)2+ (5)2
(AL)2 = (13)2 – (5)2
(AL)2 = 169 – 25
= 144
We know that 122 = 144
(AL)2 = (12)2
AL = 12 cm
Hence, length of AL is 12 cm.
8. In Fig. 21, if AB = 35 cm, AD= 20 cm and area of the parallelogram is 560 cm2, find LB.
Solution:
From the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram with base AB = 35 cm and corresponding altitude DL.
The adjacent side of the parallelogram AD = 20 cm.
It is given that the area of the parallelogram ABCD = 560 cm2
Now, Area of the parallelogram = Base x Height
560 cm2 = AB x DL
560 cm2 = 35 cm x DL
DL = 560/35
= 16 cm
Again by Pythagoras theorem, we have, (AD)2 = (AL)2 + (DL)2
(20)2= (AL)2 + (16)2
(AL)2 = (20)2 – (16)2
= 400 – 256
= 144
(AL)2 = (12)2
AL = 12 cm
From the figure, AB = AL + LB
35 = 12 + LB
LB = 35 – 12 = 23 cm
Hence, length of LB is 23 cm.

9. The adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 10 m and 8 m. If the distance between the longer sides
is 4 m, find the distance between the shorter sides
Solution:
Let ABCD is a parallelogram with side AB = 10 m and corresponding altitude AE = 4 m.
The adjacent side AD = 8 m and the corresponding altitude is CF.
We know that area of a parallelogram = Base x Height
So, equating them we get
AD x CF = AB x AE
8 x CF = 10 x 4
CF = (10 x 4)/8 = 5 m
Hence, the distance between the shorter sides is 5 m.
10. The base of a parallelogram is twice its height. If the area of the parallelogram is 512 cm2, find
the base and height.
Solution:
Let the height of the parallelogram be x cm.
Then the base of the parallelogram is 2x cm. [from given data]
Given that the area of the parallelogram = 512 cm2
512 = (2x) (x)

512 = 2x2
x2 = 512/2
= 256 cm2
x2 = (16)2
x = 16 cm
Hence height of parallelogram = x = 16cm
And base of the parallelogram = 2x = 2 x 16 = 32 cm
11. Find the area of a rhombus having each side equal to 15 cm and one of whose diagonals is 24
cm.
Solution:
Let ABCD be the rhombus where diagonals intersect at 0 as given in the figure.
Then AB = 15 cm and AC = 24 cm.
The diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles.
Therefore, from the figure triangle A0B is a right-angled triangle, right angled at O such that
Therefore, OA = ½(AC) = ½ (24) = 12 cm and AB = 15 cm.
By applying Pythagoras theorem, we get,

(AB)2 = (OA)2 + (OB)2
(15)2 = (12)2 + (OB)2
(OB)2= (15)2– (12)2
(OB)2 = 225 – 144
= 81
(OB)2 = (9)2
OB = 9 cm
BD = 2 x OB
=2x9
= 18 cm
Hence, Area of the rhombus ABCD = (½ x AC x BD)
= (1/2 x 24 x 18)
= 216 cm2
12. Find the area of a rhombus, each side of which measures 20 cm and one of whose diagonals is
24 cm.
Solution:
Let ABCD be the rhombus whose diagonals intersect at 0.
Then AB = 20 cm and AC = 24 cm by given data
Therefore Triangle AOB is a right-angled triangle, right angled at O
Such that;
OA = ½ (AC) = ½ (24) = 12 cm and AB =20 cm
By Pythagoras theorem, we have,
(AB)2 = (OA)2+ (OB) 2
(20)2 = (12)2 + (OB) 2
(OB) 2= (20) 2– (12) 2
(OB)2 = 400 – 144
= 256
(OB) 2 = (16) 2
OB = 16 cm
BD =2 x OB
= 2 x 16 cm
= 32 cm
Hence, Area of the rhombus ABCD = ½ x AC x BD
= ½ x 24 x 32
Area of rhombus ABCD = 384 cm2
13. The length of a side of a square field is 4 m. What will be the altitude of the rhombus, if the area
of the rhombus is equal to the square field and one of its diagonals is 2 m?
Solution:
Given the length of a side of a square field is 4m
Also given that,
Area of the rhombus = Area of the square of side
½ x AC x BD = (4m)2
½ x AC x 2 = 16 m2
AC = 16 m2
We know that the diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular bisectors of each other.
AO = ½ (AC) = ½ (16) = 8 m and BO = ½ (BD) = ½ (2) = 1 m
By Pythagoras theorem, we can write as
AO2 + BO2 = AB2
AB2 = (8 m) 2 + (1 m) 2
= 64 m2 + 1 m2 = 65 m2
Side of a rhombus = AB = √65 m.
Let DX be the altitude.
Area of the rhombus = AB x DX

16 m2 = √65m × DX
DX = 16/ (√65) m
Hence, the altitude of the rhombus will be 16/√65 m.
14. Two sides of a parallelogram are 20 cm and 25 cm. If the altitude corresponding to the sides of
length 25 cm is 10 cm, find the altitude corresponding to the other pair of sides.
Solution:
Let ABCD is a parallelogram with longer side AB = 25 cm and altitude AE = 10 cm.
Therefore AB = CD (opposite sides of parallelogram are equal).
The shorter side is AD = 20 cm and the corresponding altitude is CF.
So, by equating them
AD x CF = CD x AE
20 x CF = 25 x 10
CF = 12.5 cm
Hence, the altitude corresponding to the other pair of the side AD is 12.5 cm.
15. The base and corresponding altitude of a parallelogram are 10 cm and 12 cm respectively. If
the other altitude is 8 cm, find the length of the other pair of parallel sides.
Solution:
Let ABCD is a parallelogram with side AB = CD = 10 cm (since opposite sides of parallelogram are
equal) and corresponding altitude AM = 12 cm.
The other side is AD and the corresponding altitude is CN = 8 cm.
So, by equating them we get
AD x CN = CD x AM
AD x 8 = 10 x 12
AD = (10×12)/8 = 15 cm
Hence, the length of the other pair of the parallel sides = 15 cm.
16. A floral design on the floor of a building consists of 280 tiles. Each tile is in the shape of a
parallelogram of altitude 3 cm and base 5 cm. Find the cost of polishing the design at the rate of
50 paise per cm2.
Solution:
Given altitude of a tile = 3 cm
Base of a tile = 5 cm
Area of one tile = Attitude x Base
= 5 cm x 3 cm
= 15 c m2
Area of 280 tiles = 280 x 15 c m2 = 4200 c m2
Rate of polishing the tile = Rs. 0.5 per cm2
Thus, Total cost of polishing the design = 4200 x 0.5
= Rs. 2100
1. Find the area in square centimetres of a triangle whose base and altitude are as under:
(i) Base =18 cm, altitude = 3.5 cm
(ii) Base = 8 dm, altitude =15 cm
Solution:
(i) Given base = 18 cm and height = 3.5 cm
We know that the area of a triangle = ½ (Base x Height)
Therefore area of the triangle = ½ x 18 x 3.5
= 31.5 cm2
(ii) Given base = 8 dm = (8 x 10) cm = 80 cm [Since 1 dm = 10 cm]
And height = 15 cm
Therefore area of the triangle = ½ x 80 x 15
= 600 cm2
2. Find the altitude of a triangle whose area is 42 cm2 and base is 12 cm.
Solution:
Given base = 12 cm and area = 42 cm2
Therefore altitude of a triangle = (2 x Area)/Base
Altitude = (2 x 42)/12
= 7 cm
3. The area of a triangle is 50 cm2. If the altitude is 8 cm, what is its base?
Solution:
Given, altitude = 8 cm and area = 50 cm2
Therefore base of a triangle = (2 x Area)/ Altitude
Base = (2 x 50)/ 8
= 12.5 cm
4. Find the area of a right angled triangle whose sides containing the right angle are of lengths 20.8
m and 14.7 m.
Solution:
In a right-angled triangle,
The sides containing the right angles are of lengths 20.8 m and 14.7 m.
Let the base be 20.8 m and the height be 14.7 m.
Then,
Area of a triangle = 1/2 (Base x Height)
= 1/2 (20.8 × 14.7)
= 152.88 m2
5. The area of a triangle, whose base and the corresponding altitude are 15 cm and 7 cm, is equal
to area of a right triangle whose one of the sides containing the right angle is 10.5 cm. Find the
other side of this triangle.
Solution:
For the first triangle, given that
Base = 15 cm and altitude = 7 cm
We know that area of a triangle = ½ (Base x Altitude)
= ½ (15 x 7)
= 52.5 cm2
It is also given that the area of the first triangle and the second triangle are equal.
Area of the second triangle = 52.5 c m2
One side of the second triangle = 10.5 cm
Therefore, The other side of the second triangle = (2 x Area)/One side of a triangle
= (2x 52.5)/10.5
=10 cm
Hence, the other side of the second triangle will be 10 cm.
6. A rectangular field is 48 m long and 20 m wide. How many right triangular flower beds, whose
sides containing the right angle measure 12 m and 5 m can be laid in this field?
Solution:
= 48 m x 20 m
= 960 m2
Area of one right triangular flower bed = ½ (12 x 5) = 30 m2
Therefore, required number of right triangular flower beds = area of the rectangular field/ area of
one right triangular flower bed.
= 960/30
Number of right triangular flower beds = 32
7. In Fig. 29, ABCD is a quadrilateral in which diagonal AC = 84 cm; DL ⊥AC, BM ⊥ AC, DL = 16.5 cm
and BM = 12 cm. Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD.
Solution:
Given AC = 84 cm, DL = 16.5 cm and BM = 12 cm
We know that area of triangle = ½ x base x height
Area of triangle ADC = ½ (AC x DL)
= ½ (84 x 16.5)
= 693 cm2
Area of triangle ABC = ½ (AC x BM)
= ½ (84 x 12) = 504 cm2
Hence, Area of quadrilateral ABCD = Area of triangle ADC + Area of triangle ABC
= (693 + 504) cm2
= 1197 cm2
8. Find the area of the quadrilateral ABCD given in Fig. 30. The diagonals AC and BD measure 48 m
and 32 m respectively and are perpendicular to each other.
Solution:
Given diagonal AC = 48 m and diagonal BD = 32 m
Area of a quadrilateral = ½ (Product of diagonals)
= ½ (AC x BD)
= ½ (48 x 32) m2
= 768 m2
9. In Fig 31, ABCD is a rectangle with dimensions 32 m by 18 m. ADE is a triangle such that
EF⊥⊥ AD and EF= 14 cm. Calculate the area of the shaded region.
Solution:
Given length of rectangle = 32m and breadth = 18m
Therefore area of the rectangle = AB x BC
= 32 m x 18 m
= 576 m2
Also given that base of triangle = 18m and height = 14m and EF⊥ AD
Area of the triangle = ½ (AD x FE)
= ½ (BC x FE) [Since AD = BC]
= ½ (18 m x 14 m)
= 126 m2
Area of the shaded region = Area of the rectangle – Area of the triangle
= (576 – 126) m2
= 450 m2
10. In Fig. 32, ABCD is a rectangle of length AB = 40 cm and breadth BC = 25 cm. If P, Q, R, S be the
mid-points of the sides AB, BC, CD and DA respectively, find the area of the shaded region.
Solution:
Given ABCD is a rectangle of length AB = 40 cm and breadth BC = 25 cm.
Join PR and SQ so that these two lines bisect each other at point O
Also OP = OR = RP/2
= 25/2
= 12.5 cm
From the given figure it is clear that,
Area of Triangle SPQ = Area of Triangle SRQ
Hence, area of the shaded region = 2 x (Area of SPQ)
= 2 x (1/2 (SQ x OP))
= 2 x (1/2 (40 x 12.5))
= 500 cm2
11. Calculate the area of the quadrilateral ABCD as shown in Fig.33, given that BD = 42 cm, AC =
28 cm, OD = 12 cm and AC ⊥ BO.
Solution:
BD = 42 cm, AC = 28 cm, OD= 12 cm
Area of Triangle ABC = 1/2 (AC x OB)
= 1/2 (AC x (BD – OD))
= 1/2 (28 cm x (42 cm – 12 cm))
= 1/2 (28 cm x 30 cm)
= 14 cm x 30 cm
= 420 cm2
Area of Triangle ADC = 1/2 (AC x OD) = 1/2 (28 cm x 12 cm)
= 14 cm x 12 cm
= 168 cm2
Hence, Area of the quadrilateral ABCD = Area of triangle ABC + Area of triangle ADC
= (420 + 168) cm2
= 588 cm2
12. Find the area of figure formed by a square of side 8 cm and an isosceles triangle with base as
one side of the square and perimeter as 18 cm.
Solution:
Let x cm be one of the equal sides of an isosceles triangle.
Given that the perimeter of the isosceles triangle = 18 cm
Then, x + x + 8 =18
2x = (18 – 8) = 10 cm
2x = 10
x = 5 cm
Area of the figure formed = Area of the square + Area of the isosceles triangle
= (side of square)2 + ½ (base x √[(equal side)2 – ¼ x (base)2]
= 82 + ½ (8) x √ [52 – ¼ x 82]
= 64 + 4 x √ [25 – ¼ x 64]
= 64 + 4 x √ (25 – 16)
= 64 + 4 x √9
= 64 + 4 x 3
= 64 + 12
= 76 cm2
13. Find the area of Fig. 34, in the following ways: (i) Sum of the areas of three triangles (ii) Area of
a rectangle — sum of the areas of five triangles
Solution:
(i) From the figure, P is the midpoint of AD.
Thus AP = PD = 25 cm and AB = CD = 20 cm
From the figure, we observed that,
Area of Triangle APB = Area of Triangle PDC
Area of Triangle APB = ½ (AB x AP)
= ½ (20 x 25)
= 250 cm2
Area of Triangle PDC = Area of Triangle APB = 250 c m2
Area of Triangle RPQ = ½ (Base x Height)
= ½ (25 cm x 10 cm)
= 125 cm2
Hence, Sum of the three triangles = (250 + 250 + 125) cm2
= 625 cm2
(ii) From the figure, area of the rectangle ABCD = 50 cm x 20 cm
= 1000 cm2
Thus, Area of the rectangle – Sum of the areas of three triangles
= (1000 – 625) cm2
= 375 cm2
14. Calculate the area of quadrilateral field ABCD as shown in Fig.35, by dividing it into a rectangle
and a triangle.
Solution:
Join CE, so that which intersect AD at point E.
Given AE = ED = BC = 25 m and EC = AB = 30 m
Area of rectangle = length x breadth
Area of the rectangle ABCE = AB x BC
= 30 m x 25 m
= 750 m2
Area of triangle = ½ x base x height
Area of Triangle CED = ½ (EC x ED)
= ½ (30 m x 25 m)
= 375 m2
Hence, Area of the quadrilateral ABCD = (750 + 375) m2 = 1125 m2
15. Calculate the area of the pentagon ABCDE, where AB = AE and with dimensions as shown in
Fig. 36.
Solution:
Join BE so that we can get rectangle and triangle.
Area of the rectangle BCDE = CD x DE
= 10 cm x 12 cm
= 120 c m2
Area of Triangle ABE = 1/2 (BE x height of the triangle)
= ½ (10 cm x (20 – 12) cm)
= ½ (10 cm x 8 cm)
= 40 cm2
Hence, Area of the pentagon ABCDE = area of rectangle + area of triangle
= (120 + 40) cm2
= 160 cm2
16. The base of a triangular field is three times its altitude. If the cost of cultivating the field at Rs
24.60 per hectare is Rs 332.10, find its base and height.
Solution:
Let altitude of the triangular field be h m
Then base of the triangular field is 3h m.
We know that area of triangle = ½ x b x h
Area of the triangular field = ½ (h x 3h) = 3h2/2 m2 ……. (i)
The rate of cultivating the field is Rs 24.60 per hectare.
Therefore,
Area of the triangular field = 332.10 /24.60
= 13.5 hectare
= 135000 m2 [Since 1 hectare = 10000 m2] …… (ii)
From equation (i) and (ii) we have,
3h2/2 = 135000 m2
3h2 = 135000 x 2 = 270000 m2
h2 = 270000/3
= 90000 m2
= (300)2
h = 300 m
Hence, Height of the triangular field = 300 m and
Base of the triangular field = 3 x 300 m = 900 m
17. A wall is 4.5 m long and 3 m high. It has two equal windows, each having form and dimensions
as shown in Fig. 37. Find the cost of painting the wall (leaving windows) at the rate of Rs 15 per m2.
Solution:
Given length of a wall = 4.5 m
Breadth of the wall = 3 m
We know that the area of triangle = length x Breadth
Area of the wall = Length x Breadth
= 4.5 m x 3 m = 13.5 m2
From the figure we observed that,
Area of the window = Area of the rectangle + Area of the triangle
= (0.8 m x 0.5 m) + (1/2 x 0.8 m x 0.2 m) [Since 1 m = 100 cm]
= 0.4 m2 + 0.08 m2
= 0.48 m2
Area of two windows = 2 x 0.48 = 0.96 m2
Area of the remaining wall (leaving windows) = (13.5 – 0.96) m2

= 12.54 m2
Cost of painting the wall per m2 = Rs. 15
Hence, the cost of painting the wall = Rs. (15 x 12.54)
= Rs. 188.1
1. A rectangular grassy lawn measuring 40 m by 25 m is to be surrounded externally by a path

which is 2 m wide. Calculate the cost of levelling the path at the rate of Rs 8.25 per square meter.
Solution:
Let PQRS be the rectangular grassy lawn and let length = AB and breadth = BC
Given Length PQ = 40 m and breadth QR = 25 m
Area of lawn PQRS = 40 m x 25 m = 1000 m2
Length AB = (40 + 2 + 2) m = 44 m
Breadth BC = (25 + 2 + 2) m = 29 m
Area of ABCD = 44 m x 29 m = 1276 m2
Now, Area of the path = Area of ABCD – Area of the lawn PQRS
= 1276 m2 – 1000 m2
= 276 m2
Rate of levelling the path = Rs. 8.25 per m2
Cost of levelling the path = (8.25 x 276)
= Rs. 2277
2. One meter wide path is built inside a square park of side 30 m along its sides. The remaining part
of the park is covered by grass. If the total cost of covering by grass is Rs 1176, find the rate per
square metre at which the park is covered by the grass.
Solution:
Given that side of a square garden = 30m = a
We know that the area of square = a2
Area of the square garden including the path = a2
= (30)2 = 900 m2
From the figure, it can be observed that the side of the square garden, when the path is not
included, is 28 m.
Area of the square garden not including the path = (28) 2
= 784 m2
Total cost of covering the park with grass = Area of the park covering with green grass x Rate per
square metre
1176 = 784 x Rate per square metre
Rate per square metre at which the park is covered with grass = (1176/784)
= Rs. 1.50 per m2
3. Through a rectangular field of sides 90 m x 60 m, two roads are constructed which are parallel to
the sides and cut each other at right angles through the centre of the field. If the width of the roads
is 3 m, find the total area covered by the two roads.
Solution:
Given length of rectangular field = 90m
Area of the rectangular field = 90 m x 60 m = 5400 m2
= 270 m2
Area of the road ABCD = 60 m x 3 m
= 180 m2
Clearly, area of KLMN is common to the two roads.
Thus, area of KLMN = 3 m x 3 m
= 9 m2
Hence, area of the roads = Area (PQRS) + Area (ABCD) – Area (KLMN)
= (270 + 180) m2 – 9 m2
= 441 m2
4. From a rectangular sheet of tin, of size 100 cm by 80 cm, are cut four squares of side 10 cm
from each corner. Find the area of the remaining sheet.
Solution:
Given that length of rectangular sheet = 100 cm
Breadth of rectangular sheet = 80 cm
Area of the rectangular sheet of tin = 100 cm x 80 cm
= 8000 c m2
Side of the square at the corner of the sheet = 10 cm
Area of one square at the corner of the sheet = (10 cm)2
= 100 cm2
Area of 4 squares at the corner of the sheet = 4 x 100 cm2
= 400 cm2
Hence, Area of the remaining sheet of tin = Area of the rectangular sheet – Area of the 4 squares
Area of the remaining sheet of tin = (8000 – 400) cm2
= 7600 cm2
5. A painting 8 cm long and 5 cm wide is painted on a cardboard such that there is a margin of 1.5
cm along each of its sides. Find the total area of the margin.
Solution:
Given length of cardboard including margin = 8 cm
Breadth of the cardboard including margin = 5 cm
Area of the cardboard including the margin = 8 cm x 5 cm = 40 c m2
From the figure, we can observed that,
New length of the painting without margin = 8 cm – (1.5 cm + 1.5 cm)
= (8 – 3) cm
= 5 cm
New breadth of the painting without margin = 5 cm – (1.5 cm + 1.5 cm)
= (5 – 3) cm
= 2 cm
Area of the painting not including the margin = 5 cm x 2 cm = 10 cm2
Hence, Area of the margin = Area of the cardboard including the margin – Area of the painting
= (40 – 10) cm2
= 30 cm2
6. Rakesh has a rectangular field of length 80 m and breadth 60 m. In it, he wants to make a garden
10 m long and 4 m broad at one of the corners and at another corner, he wants to grow flowers in
two floor-beds each of size 4 m by 1.5 m. In the remaining part of the field, he wants to apply
manures. Find the cost of applying the manures at the rate of Rs 300 per area.
Solution:
Given that length of a rectangular field = 80 m
Breadth of a rectangular field = 60 m
Area of rectangular field = length x breadth
= (80 x 60) m
= 4800 m2
Again, Area of the garden = 10 m x 4 m = 40 m2
Area of one flower bed = 4 m x 1.5 m = 6 m2
Thus, Area of two flower beds = 2 x 6 m2 = 12 m2

Remaining area of the field for applying manure = Area of the rectangular field – (Area of the
garden + Area of the two flower beds)
Remaining area of the field for applying manure = 4800 m2 – (40 + 12) m2
= (4800 – 52) m2
= 4748 m2
Since 100 m2 = 1 acre
Therefore by using the above
4748 m2 = 47.48 acres
So, cost of applying manure at the rate of Rs. 300 per area will be = Rs. (300 x 47.48)
= Rs. 14244
7. Each side of a square flower bed is 2 m 80 cm long. It is extended by digging a strip 30 cm wide
all around it. Find the area of the enlarged flower bed and also the increase in the area of the flower
bed.
Solution:
Given side of the flower bed = 2 m 80 cm = 2.80 m [since 100cm = 1m]
Area of the square flower bed = (Side)2

= (2.80 m)2
= 7.84 m2
Side of the flower bed with strip = 2.80 m + 30 cm + 30 cm
= (2.80 + 0.3 + 0.3) m
= 3.4 m
Area of the enlarged flower bed with the digging strip = (Side)2
= (3.4)2
= 11.56 m2
Thus, Increase in the area of the flower bed = Area of the enlarged flower bed with the digging strip
– Area of the square flower bed
= 11.56 m2 – 7.84 m2
= 3.72 m2
8. A room 5 m long and 4 m wide is surrounded by a verandah. If the verandah occupies an area of
22 m2, find the width of the verandah.
Solution:
Let the width of the verandah be x m.
Given Length of the room AB = 5 m and breadth of the room, BC = 4 m
Area of the room = 5 m x 4 m
= 20 m2
Length of the veranda PQ = (5 + x + x) = (5 + 2x) m
Breadth of the veranda QR = (4 + x + x) = (4 + 2x) m

Area of veranda PQRS = (5 + 2x) x (4 + 2x)
= (4×2 + 18x + 20) m2
Area of veranda = Area of PQRS – Area of ABCD
22 = 4x2 + 18x + 20 – 20
22 = 4x2 + 18x
On dividing above equation by 2 we get,
11 = 2x2 + 9x
2x2 + 9x – 11 = 0
2x2 + 11x – 2x – 11 = 0
x (2x+11) – 1 (2x+11) = 0
(x- 1) (2x+11)= 0
When x – 1 = 0, x = 1
When 2x + 11 = 0, x = (-11/2)
The width cannot be a negative value. So, width of the veranda = x = 1 m
9. A square lawn has a 2 m wide path surrounding it. If the area of the path is 136 m2, find the area
of the lawn.
Solution:
Let ABCD be the square lawn and PQRS be the outer boundary of the square path.
Let side of the lawn AB be x m.
Area of the square lawn = x2
Given that Length PQ = (x + 2 + 2) = (x + 4) m
Area of PQRS = (x + 4)2 = (x2 + 8x + 16) m2
Now, Area of the path = Area of PQRS – Area of the square lawn
136 = x2 + 8x + 16 – x2
136 = 8x + 16
136 – 16 = 8x
120 = 8x
x = 120/ 8 = 15
Side of the lawn = 15 m
Hence, Area of the lawn = (Side)2

= (15 m)2
= 225 m2
10. A poster of size 10 cm by 8 cm is pasted on a sheet of cardboard such that there is a margin of
width 1.75 cm along each side of the poster. Find (i) the total area of the margin (ii) the cost of the
cardboard used at the rate of Rs 0.60 per c m2.
Solution:
Given length of poster = 10 cm and breadth of poster = 8 cm
Area of the poster = Length x Breadth
= 10 cm x 8 cm
= 80 cm2
Length of the cardboard when the margin is included = 10 cm + 1.75 cm + 1.75 cm
= 13.5 cm
Breadth of the cardboard when the margin is included = 8 cm + 1.75 cm + 1.75 cm
= 11.5 cm
Area of the cardboard = Length x Breadth
= 13.5 cm x 11.5 cm
= 155.25 c m2
(i) Area of the margin = Area of cardboard including the margin – Area of the poster
= 155.25 c m2 – 80 c m2
= 75.25 c m2
(ii) Cost of the cardboard = Area of cardboard x Rate of the cardboard Rs 0.60 per cm2
= (155.25 x 0.60)
= Rs. 93.15
11. A rectangular field is 50 m by 40 m. It has two roads through its center, running parallel to its
sides. The widths of the longer and shorter roads are 1.8 m and 2.5 m respectively. Find the area of
the roads and the area of the remaining portion of the field.
Solution:
Let ABCD be the rectangular field and KLMN and PQRS the two rectangular roads with width 1.8 m
and 2.5 m, respectively.
Given that length of rectangular field = 50 m

Area of rectangular field ABCD = 50 m x 40 m
= 2000 m2
Area of the road KLMN = 40 m x 2.5 m
= 100 m2
Area of the road PQRS = 50 m x 1.8 m
= 90 m2
Clearly area of EFGH is common to the two roads.
Thus, Area of EFGH = 2.5 m x 1.8 m = 4.5 m2
Hence, Area of the roads = Area of KLMN + Area of PQRS – Area of EFGH
= (100 m2 + 90 m2) – 4.5 m2
= 185.5 m2
Area of the remaining portion of the field = Area of the rectangular field ABCD – Area of the roads
= (2000 – 185.5) m2
= 1814.5 m2
12. There is a rectangular field of size 94 m x 32 m. Three roads each of 2 m width pass through
the field such that two roads are parallel to the breadth of the field and the third is parallel to the
length. Calculate: (i) area of the field covered by the three roads (ii) area of the field not covered by
the roads.
Solution:
Let ABCD be the rectangular field.
From the figure it is clear that two roads which are parallel to the breadth of the field KLMN and
EFGH with width 2 m each.
One road which is parallel to the length of the field PQRS with width 2 m.
We have from the question, length of the rectangular field AB = 94 m and breadth of the rectangular
field BC = 32 m
= 94 m x 32 m
= 3008 m2
Area of the road KLMN = 32 m x 2 m
= 64 m2
= 64 m2
= 188 m2
Clearly area of VTUI and WXYZ is common to these three roads.

Thus, Area of VTUI = 2 m x 2 m = 4 m2
Area of WXYZ = 2 m x 2 m = 4 m2
(i) Area of the field covered by the three roads = Area of KLMN + Area of EFGH + Area (PQRS) –
(Area of VTUI + Area of WXYZ)
= [64+ 64 + 188 – (4 + 4)] m2
= 316 m2 – 8 m2
= 308 m2
(ii) Area of the field not covered by the roads = Area of the rectangular field ABCD – Area of the
field covered by the three roads
= 3008 m2 – 308 m2
= 2700 m2
13. A school has a hall which is 22 m long and 15.5 m broad. A carpet is laid inside the hall leaving
all around a margin of 75 cm from the walls. Find the area of the carpet and the area of the strip
left uncovered. If the width of the carpet is 82 cm, find the cost at the rate of Rs 18 per meter.
Solution:
Given that length of hall PQ = 22 m and breadth of hall QR = 15.5 m
Area of the school hall PQRS = 22 m x 15.5 m
= 341 m2
Length of the carpet AB = 22 m – (0.75 m + 0.75 m)
= 20.5 m [Since 100 cm = 1 m]
Breadth of the carpet BC = 15.5 m – (0.75 m + 0.75 m)
= 14 m
Area of the carpet ABCD = 20.5 m x 14 m
= 287 m2
Area of the strip = Area of the school hall PQRS – Area of the carpet ABCD
= 341 m2 – 287 m2
= 54 m2
Now, area of the 1 m length of carpet = 1 m x 0.82 m
= 0.82 m2
Thus, Length of the carpet whose area is 287 m2 = 287 m2 + 0.82 m2
= 287.82 m
Cost of the 287.82 m long carpet = Rs. 18 x 287.82
= Rs. 5180.76
14. Two cross roads, each of width 5 m, run at right angles through the centre of a rectangular park
of length 70 m and breadth 45 m parallel to its sides. Find the area of the roads. Also, find the cost
of constructing the roads at the rate of Rs 105 per m2.
Solution:
Let ABCD be the rectangular park then EFGH and IJKL are the two rectangular roads with width 5m.
Given that length of rectangular park = 70m
Breadth of rectangular park = 45m
Area of the rectangular park = Length x Breadth
= 70 m x 45 m
= 3150 m2
= 350 m2
Now, Area of the road JKLI = 45 m x 5 m
= 225 m2
From the figure, it is clear that area of MNOP is common to the two roads.
Thus, Area of MNOP = 5 m x 5 m = 25 m2
Therefore,
Area of the roads = Area of EFGH + Area of JKLI – Area of MNOP
= (350 + 225) m2– 25 m2
= 550 m2
Again, it is given that the cost of constructing the roads = Rs. 105 per m2
Therefore,
Cost of constructing 550 m2 area of the roads
= Rs. (105 x 550)
= Rs. 57750.
15. The length and breadth of a rectangular park are in the ratio 5: 2. A 2.5 m wide path running all
around the outside the park has an area 305 m2. Find the dimensions of the park.
Solution:
Given that area of the park be 305m2.
Let the length of the park be 5x m and breadth be 2x m.
Therefore,
Area of the rectangular park = (5x) x (2x)
= 10x2 m2
Width of the path = 2.5 m

From the figure,
Outer length PQ = 5x m + 2.5 m + 2.5 m
= (5x + 5) m
Outer breadth QR = 2x + 2.5 m + 2.5 m
= (2x + 5) m
Area of PQRS = (5x + 5) m x (2x + 5) m
= (10x2 + 25x + 10x + 25) m2
= (10x2 + 35x + 25) m2
Area of the path = [(10x2 + 35x + 25) – 10x2] m2
By solving above equation we get
305 = 35x + 25
305 – 25 = 35x
280 = 35x
x = 280/35 = 8
Therefore,
Length of the park = 5x
= 5 x 8 = 40 m
Breadth of the park = 2x
= 2 x 8 = 16 m
16. A square lawn is surrounded by a path 2.5 m wide. If the area of the path is 165 m2, find the
area of the lawn.
Solution:
Let the side of lawn be x m.
Given that width of the path = 2.5 m
Side of the lawn including the path = (x + 2.5 + 2.5) m
= (x + 5) m
Therefore, area of lawn = (Area of the lawn including the path) – (Area of the path)
We know that the area of a square = (Side)2
Area of lawn (x2) = (x + 5)2 – 165
x2 = (x2 + 10x + 25) – 165
165 = 10x + 25
165 – 25 =10x
140 = 10x
Therefore x = 140/10 = 14
Thus the side of the lawn = 14 m
Therefore,
The area of the lawn = (14 m) 2

= 196 m2
1. Find the area of a parallelogram with base 8 cm and altitude 4.5 cm.
Solution:
Given base = 8 cm and altitude = 4.5 cm
= 8 cm x 4.5 cm
Therefore, area of parallelogram = 36 cm2
2. Find the area in square meters of the parallelogram whose base and altitudes are as under
(i) Base =15 dm, altitude = 6.4 dm
(ii) Base =1 m 40 cm, altitude = 60 cm
Solution:
(i) Given base =15 dm, altitude = 6.4 dm
By converting these to standard form we get,
Base = 15 dm = (15 x 10) cm = 150 cm = 1.5 m
Altitude = 6.4 dm = (6.4 x 10) cm = 64 cm = 0.64 m
= 1.5 m x 0.64 m
Area of parallelogram = 0.96 m2
(ii) Given base = 1 m 40 cm = 1.4 m [Since 100 cm = 1 m]
Altitude = 60 cm = 0.6 m [Since 100 cm = 1 m]
= 1.4 m x 0.6 m
= 0.84 m2
3. Find the altitude of a parallelogram whose area is 54 d m2 and base is 12 dm.
Solution:
Given area of the given parallelogram = 54 d m2
Base of the given parallelogram = 12 dm
Therefore altitude of the given parallelogram = Area/Base
= 54/12 dm
= 4.5 dm
4. The area of a rhombus is 28 m2. If its perimeter be 28 m, find its altitude.
Solution:
Given perimeter of a rhombus = 28 m
But we know that perimeter of a rhombus = 4 (Side)
4(Side) = 28 m
Side = 28/4
Side = 7m
Now, Area of the rhombus = 28 m2
But we know that area of rhombus = Side x Altitude
(Side x Altitude) = 28 m2
(7 x Altitude) = 28 m2
Altitude = 28/7 = 4 m
5. In Fig. 20, ABCD is a parallelogram, DL ⊥ AB and DM ⊥ BC. If AB = 18 cm, BC =12 cm and DM=
9.3 cm, find DL.
Solution:
Given DL ⊥ AB and DM ⊥ BC
Taking BC as the base, BC = 12 cm and altitude DM = 9.3 cm
We know that area of parallelogram ABCD = Base x Altitude
= (12 cm x 9.3 cm)
= 111.6 c m2 ….. Equation (i)
Now, by taking AB as the base,
We have, Area of the parallelogram ABCD = Base x Altitude
= (18 cm x DL) ….. Equation (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we have
18 cm x DL = 111.6 c m2
DL = 111.6/18
= 6.2 cm
6. The longer side of a parallelogram is 54 cm, and the corresponding altitude is 16 cm. If the
altitude corresponding to the shorter side is 24 cm, find the length of the shorter side.
Solution:
Let ABCD is a parallelogram with the longer side AB = 54 cm and corresponding altitude AE = 16
cm.
The shorter side is BC, and the corresponding altitude is CF = 24 cm.
We know that area of a parallelogram = base x height.
By equating them we get,
½ x BC x CF = ½ x AB x AE
BC x CF = AB x AE
BC x 24 = 54 x 16
BC = (54 × 16)/24
= 36 cm
Hence, the length of the shorter side BC = AD = 36 cm.
7. In Fig. 21, ABCD is a parallelogram, DL ⊥ AB. If AB = 20 cm, AD = 13 cm and area of the

parallelogram is 100 c m2, find AL.
Solution:
From the figure, we have ABCD is a parallelogram with base AB = 20 cm and corresponding altitude
DL.
It is given that the area of the parallelogram ABCD = 100 c m2
We know that the area of a parallelogram = Base x Height
Therefore,
100 = AB x DL
100 = 20 x DL
DL = 100/20 = 5 cm
By observing the picture it is clear that we have to apply the Pythagoras theorem,
Therefore, by Pythagoras theorem, we have,
(AD)2 = (AL)2 + (DL)2
(13)2 = (AL)2+ (5)2
(AL)2 = (13)2 – (5)2
(AL)2 = 169 – 25
= 144
We know that 122 = 144
(AL)2 = (12)2
AL = 12 cm
Hence, length of AL is 12 cm.
8. In Fig. 21, if AB = 35 cm, AD= 20 cm and area of the parallelogram is 560 cm2, find LB.
Solution:
From the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram with base AB = 35 cm and corresponding altitude DL.
The adjacent side of the parallelogram AD = 20 cm.
It is given that the area of the parallelogram ABCD = 560 cm2
Now, Area of the parallelogram = Base x Height
560 cm2 = AB x DL
560 cm2 = 35 cm x DL
DL = 560/35
= 16 cm
Again by Pythagoras theorem, we have, (AD)2 = (AL)2 + (DL)2
(20)2= (AL)2 + (16)2
(AL)2 = (20)2 – (16)2
= 400 – 256
= 144
(AL)2 = (12)2
AL = 12 cm
From the figure, AB = AL + LB
35 = 12 + LB
LB = 35 – 12 = 23 cm
Hence, length of LB is 23 cm.

9. The adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 10 m and 8 m. If the distance between the longer sides
is 4 m, find the distance between the shorter sides
Solution:
Let ABCD is a parallelogram with side AB = 10 m and corresponding altitude AE = 4 m.
The adjacent side AD = 8 m, and the corresponding altitude is CF.
So, equating them we get
AD x CF = AB x AE
8 x CF = 10 x 4
CF = (10 x 4)/8 = 5 m
Hence, the distance between the shorter sides is 5 m.
10. The base of a parallelogram is twice its height. If the area of the parallelogram is 512 cm2, find
the base and height.
Solution:
Let the height of the parallelogram be x cm.
Then the base of the parallelogram is 2x cm. [from given data]
Given that the area of the parallelogram = 512 cm2
512 = (2x) (x)

512 = 2x2
x2 = 512/2
= 256 cm2
x2 = (16)2
x = 16 cm
Hence height of parallelogram = x = 16cm
And base of the parallelogram = 2x = 2 x 16 = 32 cm
11. Find the area of a rhombus having each side equal to 15 cm and one of whose diagonals is 24
cm.
Solution:
Let ABCD be the rhombus where diagonals intersect at 0 as given in the figure.
Then AB = 15 cm and AC = 24 cm.
Therefore, from the figure triangle A0B is a right-angled triangle, right angled at O such that
Therefore, OA = ½(AC) = ½ (24) = 12 cm and AB = 15 cm.
By applying Pythagoras theorem, we get,

(AB)2 = (OA)2 + (OB)2
(15)2 = (12)2 + (OB)2
(OB)2= (15)2– (12)2
(OB)2 = 225 – 144
= 81
(OB)2 = (9)2
OB = 9 cm
BD = 2 x OB
=2x9
= 18 cm
Hence, Area of the rhombus ABCD = (½ x AC x BD)
= (1/2 x 24 x 18)
= 216 cm2
12. Find the area of a rhombus, each side of which measures 20 cm and one of whose diagonals is
24 cm.
Solution:
Let ABCD be the rhombus whose diagonals intersect at 0.
Then AB = 20 cm and AC = 24 cm by given data
Therefore Triangle AOB is a right-angled triangle, right angled at O
Such that;
OA = ½ (AC) = ½ (24) = 12 cm and AB =20 cm
By Pythagoras theorem, we have,
(AB)2 = (OA)2+ (OB) 2
(20)2 = (12)2 + (OB) 2
(OB) 2= (20) 2– (12) 2
(OB)2 = 400 – 144
= 256
(OB) 2 = (16) 2
OB = 16 cm
BD =2 x OB
= 2 x 16 cm
= 32 cm
Hence, Area of the rhombus ABCD = ½ x AC x BD
= ½ x 24 x 32
Area of rhombus ABCD = 384 cm2
13. The length of a side of a square field is 4 m. What will be the altitude of the rhombus, if the area
of the rhombus is equal to the square field and one of its diagonals is 2 m?
Solution:
Given the length of a side of a square field is 4m
Also given that,
Area of the rhombus = Area of the square of side
½ x AC x BD = (4m)2
½ x AC x 2 = 16 m2
AC = 16 m2
We know that the diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular bisectors of each other.
AO = ½ (AC) = ½ (16) = 8 m and BO = ½ (BD) = ½ (2) = 1 m
By Pythagoras theorem, we can write as
AO2 + BO2 = AB2
AB2 = (8 m) 2 + (1 m) 2
= 64 m2 + 1 m2 = 65 m2
Side of a rhombus = AB = √65 m.
Let DX be the altitude.
Area of the rhombus = AB x DX

16 m2 = √65m × DX
DX = 16/ (√65) m
Hence, the altitude of the rhombus will be 16/√65 m.
14. Two sides of a parallelogram are 20 cm and 25 cm. If the altitude corresponding to the sides of
length 25 cm is 10 cm, find the altitude corresponding to the other pair of sides.
Solution:
Let ABCD is a parallelogram with longer side AB = 25 cm and altitude AE = 10 cm.
Therefore AB = CD (opposite sides of parallelogram are equal).
The shorter side is AD = 20 cm and the corresponding altitude is CF.
So, by equating them
AD x CF = CD x AE
20 x CF = 25 x 10
CF = 12.5 cm
Hence, the altitude corresponding to the other pair of the side AD is 12.5 cm.
15. The base and corresponding altitude of a parallelogram are 10 cm and 12 cm respectively. If
the other altitude is 8 cm, find the length of the other pair of parallel sides.
Solution:
Let ABCD is a parallelogram with side AB = CD = 10 cm (since opposite sides of parallelogram are
equal) and corresponding altitude AM = 12 cm.
The other side is AD and the corresponding altitude is CN = 8 cm.
So, by equating them we get
AD x CN = CD x AM
AD x 8 = 10 x 12
AD = (10×12)/8 = 15 cm
Hence, the length of the other pair of the parallel sides = 15 cm.
16. A floral design on the floor of a building consists of 280 tiles. Each tile is in the shape of a
parallelogram of altitude 3 cm and base 5 cm. Find the cost of polishing the design at the rate of
50 paise per cm2.
Solution:
Given altitude of a tile = 3 cm
Base of a tile = 5 cm
Area of one tile = Attitude x Base
= 5 cm x 3 cm
= 15 c m2
Area of 280 tiles = 280 x 15 c m2 = 4200 c m2
Rate of polishing the tile = Rs. 0.5 per cm2
Thus, Total cost of polishing the design = 4200 x 0.5
= Rs. 2100
1. Find the area in square centimetres of a triangle whose base and altitude are as under:
(i) Base =18 cm, altitude = 3.5 cm
(ii) Base = 8 dm, altitude =15 cm
Solution:
(i) Given base = 18 cm and height = 3.5 cm
Therefore area of the triangle = ½ x 18 x 3.5
= 31.5 cm2
(ii) Given base = 8 dm = (8 x 10) cm = 80 cm [Since 1 dm = 10 cm]
And height = 15 cm
Therefore area of the triangle = ½ x 80 x 15
= 600 cm2
2. Find the altitude of a triangle whose area is 42 cm2 and base is 12 cm.
Solution:
Given base = 12 cm and area = 42 cm2
Therefore altitude of a triangle = (2 x Area)/Base
Altitude = (2 x 42)/12
= 7 cm
3. The area of a triangle is 50 cm2. If the altitude is 8 cm, what is its base?
Solution:
Given, altitude = 8 cm and area = 50 cm2
Therefore base of a triangle = (2 x Area)/ Altitude
Base = (2 x 50)/ 8
= 12.5 cm
4. Find the area of a right angled triangle whose sides containing the right angle are of lengths 20.8
m and 14.7 m.
Solution:
In a right-angled triangle,
The sides containing the right angles are of lengths 20.8 m and 14.7 m.
Let the base be 20.8 m, and the height be 14.7 m.
Then,
Area of a triangle = 1/2 (Base x Height)
= 1/2 (20.8 × 14.7)
= 152.88 m2
5. The area of a triangle, whose base and the corresponding altitude are 15 cm and 7 cm, is equal
to area of a right triangle whose one of the sides containing the right angle is 10.5 cm. Find the
other side of this triangle.
Solution:
For the first triangle, given that
Base = 15 cm and altitude = 7 cm
We know that area of a triangle = ½ (Base x Altitude)
= ½ (15 x 7)
= 52.5 cm2
It is also given that the area of the first triangle and the second triangle are equal.
Area of the second triangle = 52.5 c m2
One side of the second triangle = 10.5 cm
Therefore, The other side of the second triangle = (2 x Area)/One side of a triangle
= (2x 52.5)/10.5
=10 cm
Hence, the other side of the second triangle will be 10 cm.
6. A rectangular field is 48 m long and 20 m wide. How many right triangular flower beds, whose
sides containing the right angle measure 12 m and 5 m can be laid in this field?
Solution:
= 48 m x 20 m
= 960 m2
Area of one right triangular flower bed = ½ (12 x 5) = 30 m2
Therefore, required number of right triangular flower beds = area of the rectangular field/ area of
one right triangular flower bed.
= 960/30
Number of right triangular flower beds = 32
7. In Fig. 29, ABCD is a quadrilateral in which diagonal AC = 84 cm; DL ⊥AC, BM ⊥ AC, DL = 16.5 cm
and BM = 12 cm. Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD.
Solution:
Given AC = 84 cm, DL = 16.5 cm and BM = 12 cm
Area of triangle ADC = ½ (AC x DL)
= ½ (84 x 16.5)
= 693 cm2
Area of triangle ABC = ½ (AC x BM)
= ½ (84 x 12) = 504 cm2
Hence, Area of quadrilateral ABCD = Area of triangle ADC + Area of triangle ABC
= (693 + 504) cm2
= 1197 cm2
8. Find the area of the quadrilateral ABCD given in Fig. 30. The diagonals AC and BD measure 48 m
and 32 m respectively and are perpendicular to each other.
Solution:
Given diagonal AC = 48 m and diagonal BD = 32 m
Area of a quadrilateral = ½ (Product of diagonals)
= ½ (AC x BD)
= ½ (48 x 32) m2
= 768 m2
9. In Fig 31, ABCD is a rectangle with dimensions 32 m by 18 m. ADE is a triangle such that
EF⊥⊥ AD and EF= 14 cm. Calculate the area of the shaded region.
Solution:
Given length of rectangle = 32m and breadth = 18m
Therefore area of the rectangle = AB x BC
= 32 m x 18 m
= 576 m2
Also given that base of triangle = 18m and height = 14m and EF⊥ AD
Area of the triangle = ½ (AD x FE)
= ½ (BC x FE) [Since AD = BC]
= ½ (18 m x 14 m)
= 126 m2
Area of the shaded region = Area of the rectangle – Area of the triangle
= (576 – 126) m2
= 450 m2
10. In Fig. 32, ABCD is a rectangle of length AB = 40 cm and breadth BC = 25 cm. If P, Q, R, S be the
mid-points of the sides AB, BC, CD and DA respectively, find the area of the shaded region.
Solution:
Given ABCD is a rectangle of length AB = 40 cm and breadth BC = 25 cm.
Join PR and SQ so that these two lines bisect each other at point O
Also OP = OR = RP/2
= 25/2
= 12.5 cm
From the given figure it is clear that,
Area of Triangle SPQ = Area of Triangle SRQ
Hence, area of the shaded region = 2 x (Area of SPQ)
= 2 x (1/2 (SQ x OP))
= 2 x (1/2 (40 x 12.5))
= 500 cm2
11. Calculate the area of the quadrilateral ABCD as shown in Fig.33, given that BD = 42 cm, AC =
28 cm, OD = 12 cm and AC ⊥ BO.
Solution:
BD = 42 cm, AC = 28 cm, OD= 12 cm
Area of Triangle ABC = 1/2 (AC x OB)
= 1/2 (AC x (BD – OD))
= 1/2 (28 cm x (42 cm – 12 cm))
= 1/2 (28 cm x 30 cm)
= 14 cm x 30 cm
= 420 cm2
Area of Triangle ADC = 1/2 (AC x OD) = 1/2 (28 cm x 12 cm)
= 14 cm x 12 cm
= 168 cm2
Hence, Area of the quadrilateral ABCD = Area of triangle ABC + Area of triangle ADC
= (420 + 168) cm2
= 588 cm2
12. Find the area of figure formed by a square of side 8 cm and an isosceles triangle with base as
one side of the square and perimeter as 18 cm.
Solution:
Let x cm be one of the equal sides of an isosceles triangle.
Given that the perimeter of the isosceles triangle = 18 cm
Then, x + x + 8 =18
2x = (18 – 8) = 10 cm
2x = 10
x = 5 cm
Area of the figure formed = Area of the square + Area of the isosceles triangle
= (side of square)2 + ½ (base x √[(equal side)2 – ¼ x (base)2]
= 82 + ½ (8) x √ [52 – ¼ x 82]
= 64 + 4 x √ [25 – ¼ x 64]
= 64 + 4 x √ (25 – 16)
= 64 + 4 x √9
= 64 + 4 x 3
= 64 + 12
= 76 cm2
13. Find the area of Fig. 34, in the following ways: (i) Sum of the areas of three triangles (ii) Area of
a rectangle — sum of the areas of five triangles
Solution:
(i) From the figure, P is the midpoint of AD.
Thus AP = PD = 25 cm and AB = CD = 20 cm
From the figure, we observed that,
Area of Triangle APB = Area of Triangle PDC
Area of Triangle APB = ½ (AB x AP)
= ½ (20 x 25)
= 250 cm2
Area of Triangle PDC = Area of Triangle APB = 250 c m2
Area of Triangle RPQ = ½ (Base x Height)
= ½ (25 cm x 10 cm)
= 125 cm2
Hence, Sum of the three triangles = (250 + 250 + 125) cm2
= 625 cm2
(ii) From the figure, area of the rectangle ABCD = 50 cm x 20 cm
= 1000 cm2
Thus, Area of the rectangle – Sum of the areas of three triangles
= (1000 – 625) cm2
= 375 cm2
14. Calculate the area of quadrilateral field ABCD as shown in Fig.35, by dividing it into a rectangle
and a triangle.
Solution:
Join CE, so that which intersect AD at point E.
Given AE = ED = BC = 25 m and EC = AB = 30 m
Area of rectangle = length x breadth
Area of the rectangle ABCE = AB x BC
= 30 m x 25 m
= 750 m2
Area of Triangle CED = ½ (EC x ED)
= ½ (30 m x 25 m)
= 375 m2
Hence, Area of the quadrilateral ABCD = (750 + 375) m2 = 1125 m2
15. Calculate the area of the pentagon ABCDE, where AB = AE and with dimensions as shown in
Fig. 36.
Solution:
Join BE so that we can get rectangle and triangle.
Area of the rectangle BCDE = CD x DE
= 10 cm x 12 cm
= 120 c m2
Area of Triangle ABE = 1/2 (BE x height of the triangle)
= ½ (10 cm x (20 – 12) cm)
= ½ (10 cm x 8 cm)
= 40 cm2
Hence, Area of the pentagon ABCDE = area of rectangle + area of triangle
= (120 + 40) cm2
= 160 cm2
16. The base of a triangular field is three times its altitude. If the cost of cultivating the field at Rs
24.60 per hectare is Rs 332.10, find its base and height.
Solution:
Let altitude of the triangular field be h m
Then base of the triangular field is 3h m.
We know that area of triangle = ½ x b x h
Area of the triangular field = ½ (h x 3h) = 3h2/2 m2 ……. (i)
The rate of cultivating the field is Rs 24.60 per hectare.
Therefore,
Area of the triangular field = 332.10 /24.60
= 13.5 hectare
= 135000 m2 [Since 1 hectare = 10000 m2] …… (ii)
From equation (i) and (ii) we have,
3h2/2 = 135000 m2
3h2 = 135000 x 2 = 270000 m2
h2 = 270000/3
= 90000 m2
= (300)2
h = 300 m
Hence, Height of the triangular field = 300 m and
Base of the triangular field = 3 x 300 m = 900 m
17. A wall is 4.5 m long and 3 m high. It has two equal windows, each having form and dimensions
as shown in Fig. 37. Find the cost of painting the wall (leaving windows) at the rate of Rs 15 per m2.
Solution:
Given length of a wall = 4.5 m
Breadth of the wall = 3 m
We know that the area of triangle = length x Breadth
Area of the wall = Length x Breadth
= 4.5 m x 3 m = 13.5 m2
From the figure we observed that,
Area of the window = Area of the rectangle + Area of the triangle
= (0.8 m x 0.5 m) + (1/2 x 0.8 m x 0.2 m) [Since 1 m = 100 cm]
= 0.4 m2 + 0.08 m2
= 0.48 m2
Area of two windows = 2 x 0.48 = 0.96 m2
Area of the remaining wall (leaving windows) = (13.5 – 0.96) m2

= 12.54 m2
Cost of painting the wall per m2 = Rs. 15
Hence, the cost of painting the wall = Rs. (15 x 12.54)
= Rs. 188.1

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1. Ashish studies for 4 hours, 5 hours and 3 hours on three consecutive days.

How many hours

Average number of study hours = sum of hours/ number of days

Average number of study hours = (4 + 5 + 3) ÷ 3

Thus, Ashish studies for 4 hours on an average.

Find the mean score.

Mean score = total sum of runs/number of innings

The mean score = (58 + 76 + 40 + 35 + 48 + 45 + 0 + 100) ÷ 8

(i) Highest and the lowest marks obtained by the students.

(ii) Range of marks obtained.

(iii) Mean marks obtained by the group.

39, 48, 56, 75, 76, 81, 84, 85, 90, 95

(i) Clearly, the highest mark is 95 and the lowest is 39.

(iii) From the following data, we have

Mean marks = Sum of the marks/ Total number of students

Mean marks = (39 + 48 + 56 + 75 + 76 + 81 + 84 + 85 + 90 + 95) ÷ 10

Hence, the mean mark of the students is 72.9.

4. The enrolment of a school during six consecutive years was as follows:

1555, 1670, 1750, 2019, 2540, 2820

Find the mean enrolment of the school for this period.

Given enrolment of a school during six consecutive years as follows

1555, 1670, 1750, 2019, 2540, 2820

The mean enrolment = (1555 + 1670 + 1750 + 2019 + 2540 + 2820) ÷ 6

Day Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

(ii) Find the mean rainfall for the week.

(i) The range of the rainfall = Maximum rainfall – Minimum rainfall

The mean height = Sum of the heights /Total number of persons

= (140 + 150 + 152 + 158 + 161) ÷ 5

7. Find the mean of 994, 996, 998, 1002 and 1000.

Mean = Sum of the given numbers/Total number of given numbers

Mean = (994 + 996 + 998 + 1002 + 1000) ÷ 5

8. Find the mean of first five natural numbers.

We know that first five natural numbers = 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Mean of first five natural numbers = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) ÷ 5

9. Find the mean of all factors of 10.

We know that factors of 10 are 1, 2, 5 and 10

Arithmetic mean of all factors of 10 = (1 + 2 + 5 + 10) ÷ 4

10. Find the mean of first 10 even natural numbers.

Mean of first 10 even natural numbers = (2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 16 + 18 + 20) ÷ 10

Mean = Sum of observations ÷ Number of observations

Mean = (5x + 20) ÷ 5

12. Find the mean of first five multiples of 3.

The first five multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15.

Mean of first five multiples of 3 are = (3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + 15) ÷ 5

Mean = sum of the marks obtained/ total number of students

15. The numbers of children in 10 families of a locality are:

2, 4, 3, 4, 2, 3, 5, 1, 1, 5 Find the mean number of children per family.

Thus, on an average there are 3 children per family in the locality.

Given n = the number of observations = 100, Mean = 40

Mean = sum of observations/total number of observations

40 = sum of the observations/ 100

Sum of the observations = 40 x 100

Thus, the incorrect sum of the observations = 40 x 100 = 4000.

The correct sum of the observations = 4000 – 83 + 53

The correct sum of the observations = 4000 – 30 = 3970

Correct mean = correct sum of the observations/ number of observations

Mean = sum of five numbers/5 = 27

So, sum of the five numbers = 5 x 27 = 135.