1

Average Questions
Ajit has a certain average for 9
innings. In the tenth innings, he scores
100 runs thereby increasing his
average by 8 runs. His new average is:
Answer: Option C
Solution: Let Ajit's average be x for 9
innings. So, Ajit scored 9x run in 9
innings.
In the 10th inning, he scored 100 runs
then average became (x+8). And he
scored (x+8)*10 runs in 10 innings.
Now,
=>9x+100 = 10*(x+8)
Or, 9x+100 = 10x+80
Or, x = 100-80
Or, x = 20
New average = (x+8) = 28 runs.
2. The average temperature for
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday was
40oC. The average for Thursday,
Friday and Saturday was 41oC. If
temperature on Saturday was 42oC,
what was the temperature on
Wednesday?
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option A
Solution: Average temperature for
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday =
40oC
Total temperature = 3*40 = 120oC
Average temperature for Thursday,
Friday and Saturday = 41oC
Total temperature = 41*3 = 123oC
Temperature on Saturday = 42oC
Now,
(Thursday + Friday + Saturday) (Wednesday + Thursday + Friday) =
123-120;
Saturday - Wednesday = 3
Wednesday = 42-3 = 39oC.
3. The average of the first five
multiples of 9 is:
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution: Required average = (total
sum of multiple of 9)/5
= (9+18+27+36+45)/5
= 27

Note that, average of 9 and 45 is also

27.
And average of 18 and 36 is also 27.
4. The speed of the train going from
Nagpur to Allahabad is 100 km/h while
when coming back from Allahabad to
Nagpur, its speed is 150 km/h. find the
average speed during whole journey.
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option D
Solution:
Average speed,
= (2*x*y)/(x+y)
= (2*100*150)/(100+150)
= (200*150)/250
= 120 km/hr.
5. Find the average of first 97 natural
numbers.
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option D
Solution: 1st Method:
Average of 1st n natural number is
given by = ([n*(n+1)]/2)/n
Average of 1st 97 natural number is
given by = {([97*(97+1)]/2)/97} = 49
2nd Method:
These numbers are in AP series, so
average,
= (sum of corresponding term)/2
= (1+97)/2 = 49
Or, (2+96)/2 = 49
Or, (3+95)/2 = 49 And so on.
6. The average age of three boys is 15
years. If their ages are in ratio 3:5:7,
the age of the youngest boy is
Solution: Sum of ages of three boys =
45 years
Now, (3x+5x+7x) = 45
Or, 15x = 45
Or, x = 3
So, age of youngest boy = 3x = 3*3 =
9 years.
7. The average of a group of men is
increased by 5 years when a person
aged of 18 years is replaced by a new
person of aged 38 years. How many
men are there in the group?
Answer & Solution

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Answer: Option B
Solution: Let N be the no. of persons in
the group.
Required number of person is given
by;
Member in group* aged increased =
difference of replacement
N*5 = 38-18
Or, 5N = 20
Or, N = 4.
8. In a boat there are 8 men whose
average weight is increased by 1 kg
when 1 man of 60 kg is replaced by a
new man. What is weight of new
comer?
Answer: Option C
Solution: Member in group * age
increased = difference of replacement
Or, 8*1 = new comer - man going out
Or, new comer = 8+60;
Or, new comer = 68 years.
9. The average of 25 results is 18. The
average of first 12 of those is 14 and
the average of last 12 is 17. What is
the 13th result?
Answer: Option D
Solution: Sum of 1st 12 results =
12*14
Sum of last 12 results = 12*17
13th result = x (let)
Now,
12*14+12*17+x = 25*18
Or, x = 78.
10. A train covers the first 16 km at a
speed of 20 km per hour another 20
km at 40 km per hour and the last 10
km at 15 km per hour. Find the
average speed for the entire journey.
Solution: Average speed = total
distance covered/ total time
Total distance = (16+40+10) = 46 km
Time taken = (16/20)+ (20/40)+
(10/15) = 59/30
Average speed = 46*30/59 =
23(23/59) km/hr.
11. The average monthly salary of 660
workers in a factory is Rs. 380. The
average monthly salary of officers is
Rs. 2100 and the average monthly

salary of the other workers is Rs. 340.

Find the number of other workers.
Solution: Total salary of 660 workers =
660*380 = Rs. 250800;
If other workers be x; then,
[(660-x)*2100]+340x = 250800
Or, 1386000-2100x+340x = 250800
1760x = 1135200
Hence, x = 1135200/1760 = 645
Number of other workers = 645.
12. The average marks of four
subjects is 120. If 33 was misread as
13 during the calculation, what will be
the correct average?
Solution: Correct average = 120 +
((33-13)/4) = 120 + 5 = 125
Solve while reading Method:
Average given is 120. Difference of 33
and 13 is 20. That means 20 must be
added to total. Then average of 20 is 5
and so 5 must be added to average
i.e. correct average = 120+5 = 125.
13. Students of three different classes
appeared in common examination.
Pass average of 10 students of first
class was 70%, pass average of 15
students of second class was 60% and
pass average of 25 students of third
class was 80% then what will be the
pass average of all students of three
classes?
Solution:
Sum of pass students of first, second
and third class,
= (70% of 10) + (60% of 15)+ (80% of
25)
= 7+9+20 = 36
Total students appeared,
= 10+15+25 = 50
Pass average,
= 36*100/50 = 72%.
14. A man travels equal distances of
his journey at 40, 30 and 15 km/h.
respectively. Find his average speed
for whole journey.
Solution: Required average speed,
= [(3*40*30*15)/
{(40*30)+(40*15)+(30*15)}]

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= 24 km/hr. Alternatively, Time taken
to traveled 1/3 distance of journey
with speed 40 kmph, = (1/3)/40 =
1/120. Time taken to traveled 1/3
distance of journey with speed 30
kmph, = (1/3)/30 = 1/90. Time taken
to traveled 1/3 distance of journey
with speed 15 kmph, = (1/3)/15 =
1/45. Total time Taken = (1/120) +
(1/90) + (1/45) = 45/1080. Average
speed = Total distance traveled /total
time taken = 1/(45/1080) = 24 kmph.
15. Five years ago, the average age of
A, B, C and D was 45 yr. with E joining
them now, the average of all the five
is 49 yr. How old is E?
Solution:
Total present age of A, B, C and D,
= (45*4)+(4*5) = 200 yr;
Total age present age of A, B, C, D and
E,
= 49*5 = 245 yr.
So, age of E = 45 yr.
16. Average of 80 numbers are 42.
When 5 more numbers are included,
the average of 85 numbers become
45. Find the average of 5 numbers.
Solution: Total of 80 numbers = 80*42
= 3360;
Now, total of 85 numbers = 85*45 =
3825;
Hence, sum of 5 numbers = 38253360 = 465;
Average of five numbers = 465/5 =
93.
Solve while reading Method:
Average of 80 number was 42, when 5
more numbers are added average
become 45, that means 3 is given to
each number to make their average
45 and 5 numbers also keep 45 as to
maintain the entire average.
So, the sum of five numbers =
240+225 = 465,
Hence, average of five numbers = 93.
17. Find the average increase rate, if
increase in the population in the first
year is 30% and that in the second
year is 40%.

Solution: Let 100 be the original

population.
1st year's population increased = 30%
So, Population after first year = (100
+30% of 100) = 130. Population in
second year increases by 40%, then
Population
= (130 +40% of 130) = 182.
The final population become 182
which was originally at 100. It means
there is 82% increment in the
population in 2 years
So, Average increment = 82/2 = 41%.
Mind Calculation Method:
Increase in population is given by,
100==30%==>130==40%==>
182.
Hence, average increase = 82/2 =
41%
18. One-fourth of certain journey is
covered at the rate of 25 km/h, onethird at the rate of 30 km/h and the
rest at 50 km/h. Find the average
speed for the whole journey.
Solution: Let distance be 120 KM,
hence 30 KM is covered by @ 25 kmph
and 40 km covered by @ 30 kmph and
rest 50 km has been covered@ 50 km.
Now, average = (120/total time
taken);
= {120/[(30/25)+(40/30)+(50/50)}]
= 3600/106 = 1800/53 km/h.
19. A batsman makes a score of 270
runs in the 87th inning and thus
increase his average by a certain
number of runs that is a whole
number. Find the possible values of
the new average.
Solution: Part of the runs scored in the
87th innings will go towards increasing
the average of the first 86 innings to
the new average and remaining part
of the runs will go towards maintaining
the new average for the 87th innings.
The only constraint in this problem is
that there is increase in average by a
whole number of runs. This is possible
for all three options.

20. There are five boxes in cargo hold.

The weight of the first box is 200 kg
and the weight of the second box is
20% higher than the weight of the
third box, whose weight is 25% higher
than the first box's weight. The fourth
box at 350 kg is 30% lighter than the
fifth box. Find the difference in the
average weight of the four heaviest
boxes and the four lightest boxes.
Solution: The weight of boxes is;
1st box = 200 kg;
3rd box = 250 kg;
2nd box = 300kg;
4th box = 350 kg;
5th box = 500 kg.
Hence, difference between heavier 4
and lighter 4 is 300.
Hence, difference in average is 75.
Percentage
1.14 expressed as a per cent of 1.9 is:
Solution: Required percentage =
(1.14*100)/1.9 = 60%.
2. In an examination 80% candidates
passed in English and 85% candidates
passed in Mathematics. If 73%
candidates passed in both these
subjects, then what per cent of
candidates failed in both the subjects?
Solution: Students passed in English =
80%
Students passed in Math's = 85%
Students passed in both subjects =
73%
Then, number of students passed in at
least one subject = (80+85)-73 =
92%. [The percentage of students
passed in English and Maths
individually, have already included the
percentage of students passed in both
subjects. So, We are subtracting
percentage of students who have
passed in both subjects to find out
percentage of students at least passed
in one subject.]

Thus, students failed in both subjects

= 100-92 = 8%.
3. Half percent, written as a decimal,
is
Solution: As we know, 1% = 1/100
Hence, 1/2% = (1/2 * 1/100) = 1/200
= 0.005.
4. If the price of the commodity is
increased by 50% by what fraction
must its consumption be reduced so
as to keep the same expenditure on its
consumption?
Solution: Let the initial price of the
commodity be 100.
After 50% increase in price, It will
become,
100 ------50% increase----> 150.
Now, we have to reduce the
consumption to keep expenditure 100.
Increase in price= 150 - 100 = 50
We have to reduce the consumption,
= (50/150)*100 = 1/3 or 33.33%
Other Method:
Here, we use, Final product constant
graphic.
100 ==50% up== 150===33.33%
down===>100.
Consumption Reduce = 33.33% = 1/3.
5. The population of a town increases
every year by 4%. If its present
population is 50,000, then after 2
years it will be
Solution: Here we can use the
compound interest based formula,
Population after n years = P*[1+
(r/100)]n
Population after 2 years =
50,000*[1+(4/100)]2
Population after 2 years = 54,080.
Alternatively,
we can use, net percentage change
graphic as well,
50,000------4%--- 52,000---- 4%-- 54,080.

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Then, population after 2 years=
54,080.
In this calculation, we need to find 1%
of 50,000 first, which is easily
calculated by dividing 50,000 by 100.
6. A and B are two fixed points 5 cm
apart and C is a point on AB such that
AC is 3cm. if the length of AC is
increased by 6%, the length of CB is
decreased by
Solution: As A and B are fixed, C is any
point on AB, so if AC is increases then
CB decreases.
A________3 cm_________ C _____2
cm____B
Then, solution can be visualized as,
Increase in AC 6% =
(106*3)/100=3.18 cm.
Decrease in CB = 0.18 cm
% decrease = (0.18/2)*100 = 9%.

Mind Calculation Method: 75----20%--90-----20%-----72.

8. The price of the sugar rise by 25%.
If a family wants to keep their
expenses on sugar the same as
earlier, the family will have to
decrease its consumption of sugar by
Solution: Let the initial expenses on
Sugar was Rs. 100.
Now, Price of Sugar rises 25%. So, to
buy same amount of Sugar, they need
to expense,
= (100 + 25% of 100) = Rs. 125.
But, They want to keep expenses on
Sugar, so they have to cut Rs. 25 in
the expenses to keep it to Rs. 100.
Now, % decrease in Consumption,
(25/125)*100 = 20%.
Mind Calculation Method;

Alternatively,
100-----25%---125------X%---100.
AC = 3 Cm.
BC = 2 Cm.
Increase in AC by 6%, then
New, AC = 3 + 6% of 3 = 3 + 0.18 =
3.18 cm.
0.18 cm increase in AC means 0.18 cm
decrease in BC as already mentioned
AB as the fixed point.
So, % decrease in BC,
= (Actual Decrease in BC /Original
BC)*100
= (0.18/2) *100 = 9%.
7. The cost of an article was Rs.75.
The cost was first increased by 20%
and later on it was reduced by 20%.
The present cost of the article is:
Solution: Initial Cost = Rs. 75
After 20% increase in the cost, it
becomes,
(75+ 20% of 75) = Rs. 90
Now, Cost is decreased by 20%, So
cost will become,
(90 - 20% of 90) = Rs. 72.
So, present cost is Rs. 72.

Here, X = (25/125)*100 = 20%.

9. Each side of a rectangular field
diminished by 40%. By how much per
cent is the area of the field
diminished?
Answer & Solution
Answer: Option B
Solution: Let the Original length of the
rectangle be 20 unit and breadth be
10 unit. Then
Original Area = length *breadth =
20*10 = 200 Square unit.
40% decrease in each side, then
Length = (20 - 40% of 20) = 12 unit.
Breadth = (10 - 40% of 10) = 6 unit.
Now, Area = 12 *6 = 72 Square unit.
Decrease in area = 200 - 72 = 128
square unit.
% Decrease in Area = (128/200)*100
= 64%
Mind Calculation Method:
Let the original area be 100 square
unit.

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100 ===40%(decrease in
length)===> 60
===40%===(decrease in
breadth)===> 36.
Diminished in area = 100-36 = 64%.
10. If the price of a commodity is
decreased by 20% and its
consumption is increased by 20%,
what will be the increase
Solution: Let the initial expenditure on
the commodity be Rs. 100.
Now, the price decreases by 20%,
Current Price = (100 - 20% of 100) =
Rs. 80.
Same time due to decrement in price
20% consumption has been increased.
So,
Current expenses on commodity = (80
+ 20% of 80)= Rs. 96.
Here, the initial expenditure was Rs.
100 which became 96 at the end, it
means there is 4% decrement in the
expenditure of the commodity.
Mind Calculation Method:
100===20%(Decrement in
Price)===>80===20%(Increment
in Consumption)===>96.
Thus, there is a decrement of 4%.
11. If A's salary is 25% more than B's
salary, then B's salary is how much
lower than A's salary?
Solution: Let B's Salary is Rs. 100.
Then,
A's Salary = (100 + 25% of 100) = Rs.
125.
Difference between A's Salary and B's
Salary = 125 - 100 = Rs. 25.
% Difference (lower) = (25/125)*100 =
20%
Mind Calculation Method:
100(B salary)----25%---125(A
salary)-----20%---100 (B salary).
B's salary is 20% lower than A's.
12. Population of a town increase 2.5%
annually but is decreased by 0.5 %

every year due to migration. What will

be the percentage increase in 2 years?
Solution: Net percentage increase in
Population = (2.5-0.5) = 2% each year.
Let the Original Population of the town
be 100.
Population of Town after 1 year = (100
+ 2% of 100) = 102.
Population of the town after 2nd year
= (102 + 2% of 102 ) = 104.4 Now, %
increase in population = (4.04 /
100)*100 = 4.04%
Mind Calculation Method:
100==2% Up(1st
year)==>102==2%Up(2nd
year)==>104.04
% population increase in 2 years =
4.04%.
13. In an election between two
candidates, the winner got 65% of the
total votes cast and won the election
by a majority of 2748 votes. What is
the total number of votes cast if no
vote is declared invalid?
Solution: Winner gets 65% 0f valid
votes and loser gets 35% of votes.
Difference between this two= 2749.
(65-35)%= 2749
30%= 2749.
Total number of voters,
100%=[(2749*100)/30]
= 9160.
14. Last year, the population of a town
was x and if it increases at the same
rate, next year it will be y. the present
population of the town is
Solution: Let the present population of
the town be P.Using compound interest
formula
Then, P = x(1+(R/100)); ------(i)
And y = P(1+(R/100)) = P*P/x; -------(ii)
P2 = xy;
Hence, P = xy.
15.
Narayan spends 30% of his income on
education and 50% of the remaining
on food. He gives Rs. 1000 as monthly

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rent and now has Rs. 1800 left with
him. What is his monthly income?
Solution: Narayan's saving and rent =
1000+1800 = Rs. 2800
Let his monthly income be Rs. 100.
30% of his income he spent on
education i.e. Rs. 30.
Remaining = 100 -30 = 70
50% of remaining on food =
(70*50)/100 = Rs.35
Now, that 35 must be equal to his
saving and rent i.e.
35 = 2800 then,
1 = 2800/35
100 = (2800*100)/35 = Rs. 8000
So, his income = Rs. 8000.
16. P is 6 times greater than Q then by
what per cent is Q smaller than P?
Solution: Let Q = 10.
Then, P = 60.
Q is 50 less than P.
Q, % less than P = (50 /60)*100 =
83.33%.
Alternative Method
10 (Q)==(6 times greater)==>
60(P)==x%(Less than Q)==>10 (Q).
Now, x = 50*100/60 = 83.33%.
17. If two numbers are respectively
30% and 40% more than a third
number, what percent is the first of
the second?
Solution: Let the third number be 100.
Then,
1st number = 130
2nd number = 140
% 1st to the 2nd number =
(130/140)*100 = 92(6/7)%.
18. The population of a city is 35000.
On an increase of 6% in the number of
men and an increase of 4% in the
number of women, the population
would become 36760. What was the
number of women initially?
Solution: Let number of men in the
population be x.
Number of women = (35000-x)
Increase in the number of men = 6%
of x = 6x/100

Increase in the number of women =

(3500-x)*4/100
Increase in whole population = 3676035000 = 1760
Now, 6x/100 + [(35000-x)*4/100] =
1760
[(6x-4x)+35000*4]/100 = 1760
2x+35000*4 = 1760*100
2x = 176000-35000*4
X = 18000
Number of men = 18000
Number of women = 35000-18000 =
17000.
19. The length, breadth and height of
a room in the shape of a cuboid are
increased by 10%, 20% and 50%
respectively. Find the percentage
change in the volume of the cuboid.
Solution: Let each side of the cuboid
be 10 unit initially.
Initial Volume of the cuboid,
= length * breadth * height = 10
*10*10 = 1000 cubic unit.
After increment dimensions become,
Length = (10 + 10% 0f 10) = 11 unit.
Breadth = (10 + 20% of 10) = 12 unit.
Height = (10 + 50 of 10) = 15 unit.
Now, present volume = 11 *12 *15 =
1980 cubic unit.
Increase in volume = 1980 - 1000 =
980 cubic unit.
% increase in volume =
(980/1000)*100 = 98%.
Mind Calculation Method:
100==50%(height
effects)==>150==20%(breadth)==
>180==10%(length
effects)==>198.
Change in volume = 98%.
[We can take net percentage change
in any order.]
20. The price of rice falls by 20%. How
much rice can be bought now with the
money that was sufficient to buy 20 kg
of rice previously?
Solution: Let Rs. 100 be spend on rice
initially for 20 kg.

8
As the price falls by 20%, new price for
20 kg rice,
= (100 -20% of 100) = 80
New price of rice = 80/20 = Rs. 4 per
kg.
Rice can bought now at = 100/4 = 25
kg.
Ratio
1. If a:b:c = 3:4:7, then the ratio
(a+b+c):c is equal to
Solution: (a+b+c) = 3+4+7 = 14 and
c = 7 Then, (a+b+c):c = 2:1.
2. The number of students in 3 classes
is in the ratio 2:3:4. If 12 students are
increased in each class this ratio
changes to 8:11:14. The total number
of students in the three classes in the
beginning was
Solution: Let the number of students in
the classes be 2x, 3x and 4x
respectively;
Total students = 2x+3x+4x = 9x.
According to the question,
(2x+12)/(3x+12) = 8/11
24x+96 = 22x+132
Or, 2x = 132-96
Or, x = 36/2 = 18
Hence, Original number of students,
9x = 9*18 = 162.
3. A box has 210 coins of
denominations one-rupee and fifty
paise only. The ratio of their respective
values is 13:11. The number of onerupee coin is
Solution: Respective ratio of the
number of coins;
= 13:11*2 = 13:22
Hence, Number of 1 rupee coins;
= 13*210/(13+22) = 78.
4. If 2/3 of A=75% of B=0.6 of C, then
A:B:C is
Solution: According to the question,
Or, (2A/3) = (75B/100) = (C*6/10);
Above relation gives;
A*2/3 = B*3/4;
A/B = 9/8;
And,

B*3/4 = C*3/5;
B/C = 8:10;
Thus,
A:B:C = 9:8:10.
5. If A and B are in the ratio 3:4, and B
and C in the ratio 12:13, then A and C
will be in the ratio
Solution: (A/B)*(B/C) = (3/4)*(12/13);
Or, A/B = 36/39 = 9:13.
6. The salaries of A, B and C are in the
ratio 1:3:4. If the salaries are
increased by 5%, 10% and 15%
respectively,
Solution: Let A's Salary = Rs. 100
Then, B's Salary = Rs. 300
And, C's Salary = Rs 400
Salary has given in 1:3:4 ratio.
Now,
5% increase in A's Salary,
A's new Salary = (100 + 5% of 100) =
Rs. 105.
B's Salary increases by 10%, Then,
B's new Salary = (300 + 10% of 200)
= Rs. 330.
C's Salary increases by 15%,
C's new Salary = (400 + 15% of 400)
= Rs. 460.
Then, ratio of increased Salary,
A:B:C = 105:330:460 = 21:66:92.
Alternative
100(A's salary)===5%===>
105(A's increased salary);
300 (B's salary)===10%===>330
(B's increased salary);
400 (C's salary)===15%===> 460
(C's increased salary).
Ratio of their increased salary =
105:330:480 = 21:66:92
7. If A:B = 2:3 and B:C = 4:5 then
A:B:C is
Solution:
A/B = 2/3;
B/C = 4/5;
A:B:C = 2*4:3*4:3*5 = 8:12:15.
8. If two times A is equal to three
times of B and also equal to four times
of C, then A:B:C is
Solution: 2A = 3B;
Or, B = (2/3)A; And, 2A = 4C;

9
Or, C = (1/2)A;
Hence, A:B:C = A:2A/3:A/2 = 1:2/3:1/2
= 6:4:3.
9. In a school having roll strength 286,
the ratio of boys and girls is 8:5. If 22
more girls get admitted into the
school, the ratio of boys and girls
becomes
Solution: Boys: girls = 8:5; (let the
boys = 8x; girl = 5x)
Total strength = 286;
8x+5x = 286;
13x = 286;
Or, x = 286/13 = 22;
Boys = 176 and girls = 110;
22 more girls get admitted then
number of girls become,
(5x+22) = 110+22 = 132;
Now, new ratio of boys and girls =
176:132 = 4:3.
10. Two numbers are in ratio 4:5 and
their LCM is 180. The smaller number
is
Solution: Let two numbers be 4x and
5x;
their LCM = 180 and HCF = x; Now,
1st number * 2nd number = LCM*HCF
Or, 4x*5x = 180*x;
Or, 20x = 180;
Or, x = 9;
then, the smaller number = 4*9 = 36.
11.
If A:B = 2:3, B:C = 4:5 and C:D = 5:9
then A:D is equal to:
Solution:
A/D = (A/B)*(B*C)*(C/D)
= (2/3)*(4/5)*(5/9)
= (2*4*5)/(3*5*9)
= 8/27.
12. In a class, the number of girls is
20% more than that of the boys. The
strength of the class is 66. If 4 more
girls are admitted to the class, the
ratio of the number of boys to that
Solution: Girls:boys = 6:5;
Hence, girls = 6*66/11 = 36;
Boys = 30;
New ratio, 30:(36+4) = 3:4.

13. What must be added to each term

of the ratio 7:11, So as to make it
equal to 3:4?
Solution: Let x be added to each term.
According to question,
(7+x)/(11+x) = 3/4;
Or, 33+3x = 28+4x;
Or, x = 5.
14. Two numbers are in ratio 7:11. If 7
is added to each of the numbers, the
ratio becomes 2:3. The smaller
number is
Solution: Let the numbers be 7x and
11x.
According to question,
(7x+7)/(11x+7) = 2/3;
Or, 22x+14 = 21x+21;
Or, x = 7;
Smaller number = 49.
15. Two numbers are in ratio P:Q.
when 1 is added to both the
numerator and the denominator, the
ratio gets changed to R/S. again, when
1 is added to both the numerator and
denominator, it becomes 1/2. Find the
sum of P and Q.
Solution: If we go through normal
method, It will be quite
cumbersome,so,
We will solve this question through
options.
Taking option a: It has P+Q = 3. The
possible value of P/Q is 1/2 or 2/1.
Using 1/2, we see that on adding 2 in
both the numerator and denominator
we get 3/4 (not required value.
Similarly we check for 2/1, this will
also not give the required value.
OPTION b:
We have 1/3 possible ratio.
Then, we get the final value as 3/5
(not = to 1/2)
Hence, rejected.
Option c:
Here we have 1/4 or 2/3.

10
Checking for 1/4 we get 3/6 = 1/2.
Hence, the option is correct.
16. The ratio of water and milk in a 30
liter mixture is 7:3. Find the quantity of
water to be added to the mixture in
order to make this ratio 6:1.
Solution: Here,Let water = 7x and milk
= 3x.
Now,
7x +3x = 30.
x = 3.
So, water = 7x = 7*3 = 21 liter.
Milk = 3x = 3*3 = 9 liter.
Now, we keep milk constant and add
water to mixture to get ratio 6:1.
Let water in this mixture = 6y and milk
= y.
We have, milk = 9 liter, so y = 9 liter.
Water = 6y = 6*9 = 54 liter.
Then extra water to be added is 33
liter.
17. The incomes of A and B are in the
ratio 3:2 and their expenditure are in
ratio 5:3. If each saves Rs. 1000, then,
A's income can be:
Solution: Let income of A and B be 3x
and 2x respectively. Also, their
expenditure is 5y and 3y.
Now, according to question,
3x-5y = 1000 ------- (i)*3
2x-3y = 1000 ---------- (ii)*5
9x-15y-10x+15y = 3000-5000;
Or, -x = -2000;
Or, x = 2000;

Then, income of A = 3x = 3*2000 =

Rs. 6000.
18. The difference between two
positive numbers is 10 and the ratio
between them is 5:3. Find the product
of the two numbers.
Solution: Let the two positive numbers
be 5x and 3x respectively.
According to question,
5x-3x = 10;
Or, x = 5.
Then numbers are 25 and 15.
Thus, their product = 25*15 = 375.
19. If 30 oxen can plough 1/7th of a
field in 2 days, how many days 18
oxen will take to do the remaining
work?
Solution: We will use work equivalence
method,
30/18 = (1/7)/(6/7)*x/2;
5/3 = (1/6)*x/2;
Or, x = 60/3 = 20 days.
20.
A cat leaps 5 leaps for every 4 leaps of
a dog, but 3 leaps of the dog are equal
to 4 leaps of the cat. What is the ratio
of the speed of the cat to that of the
dog?
Solution: Given;
3dog = 4 cat;
Or, dog/cat = 4/3;
Let cat's 1 leap = 3 meter and dogs 1
leap = 4 meter.
Then, ratio of speed of cat and dog =
3*5/4*4 = 15:16.