Division: University of Grade Grade 9

Antique - Level:
Laboratory
High School

Name of Kim John S. Osunero Learning Earth and Space

Teacher: Area:
Teaching Date Week 8 Quarter: 3rd Quarter
and Time: Duration: 60 minutes

I. Objectives
A. Content Standards The learners demonstrate an understanding of: the relationship
between the visible constellations in the sky and Earth’s position
along its orbit
B. Performance The learners shall be able to: discuss whether or not popular
Standards beliefs and practices with regard to constellations and astrology
have scientific basis
C. Learning Learning Competency:
Competencies The learners should be able to infer that the arrangement of stars
in a group (constellation) does not change; S9ES-IIIh-33

D. Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Discuss the arrangement of stars in the night sky with 80%
accuracy;
2. Identify and locate some of the major constellations visible
from their location with 80% accuracy; and
3. Reflect about the cultural significance of constellations in
different societies.

II. Content
Topic: Constellations
Subtopic: Arrangement of stars in a group
Subject Integration: Values Education and Art
Values Integration: Non-judgemental

III. Learning Resources

A. References
1. Teacher's Guide
Pages
2. Learner's Guide
Pages
4. Additional Materials
/ Learning Resource
(LR) Portal
B. Other Learning  PowerPoint
Resources  Why are all the stars fixed in space? (2013, October 16).
Science Questions with Surprising Answers.
https://shorturl.at/lwMN6

Osunero, Kim John S. 1

  Constellations and Asterisms|StarDate. (n.d.)
https://tinyurl.com/2p8u7pnt
 Briggs, A. (2022, May 7). What’s a constellation? What’s
an asterism? EarthSky | Updates on Your Cosmos and
World.https://tinyurl.com/3duappb9
 The Importance of the 88 Constellations. (2020, January
14). Star Name Registry. https://tinyurl.com/3tmrny2b
 Hemisphere. (n.d.). https://tinyurl.com/5243xe3z
 Zodiac Constellations – Constellation Guide. (n.d.).
https://tinyurl.com/22acu5ry

IV. Procedures
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
Preliminary Activities
a. Opening Prayer Class, kindly stand for the (The students will all stand)
opening prayer.

May I call on Mr./Ms. to Prayer: Let us all bow down our

lead the prayer. heads and feel the presence of
the Lord. Almighty Father, we
thank you for the gift of life you
have given us. Thank you for
the blessings that you have
showered on us. Lord, grant us
your heavenly wisdom so that
we can understand our lesson
today. May Your Holy Spirit
guide us as we go on with our
class. Lord God, we are also
asking for the forgiveness of
our sins. Also, we ask for Your
protection, Oh Lord. These all
we pray and thanks, in the
name of Jesus, Amen.

b. Greetings Good day class! Before we (The students will attend to

formally start our discussion their personal necessities.)
today, you are given 5 minutes
to attend to your personal
necessities.

c. Checking of You may now take your seats. (The class monitor will check
Attendance the attendance.)

Monitor, is there any absent for No Sir.

today?

d. Energizer (The teacher will present a (The students will follow the
dance video and will instruct the steps as shown in the video.)
students to follow the steps the
choreographer tells them to do

Osunero, Kim John S. 2

 in the video.)

Lesson Proper
A. Reviewing previous Good morning, class. How’s Possible answer:
lesson or presenting your day? Students answer may vary.
the new lesson
(ELICIT) I hope we could have a
productive discussion today and
to the rest of the week despite
being in an online platform.

Now, who can give me a short Possible answer:

recap about what we have We discussed last meeting
discussed last meeting? about the stars and
constellations.
That’s right we discussed last
meeting about the stars and
constellations.

Now, what is a star and what Possible answer:

are its different characteristics? A star is a huge glowing ball of
hot gas, mainly hydrogen and
helium, and it can be described
through its color, size and
brightness.

What about the constellations? Possible answer:

What is the definition of Constellation are typically
constellations? grouped around asterisms,
pattern formed by prominent,
relatively bright stars that
appear to be close to each
other in the night sky.

They are forms of bright stars

which appear close to the other
on the sky but are really far
apart from each other in space.

Imaginary group of stars that

form pictures of animals,
objects, and pictures.

Very well said.

Okay, now, who among of you Students answer may vary.

loves to watch the sky during
the night?

Who among of you loves

stargazing?
Osunero, Kim John S. 3
 Do you know that stars are also
arranged in groups?

B. Establishing the Today, our topic will be the

purpose for a lesson stars arrangement in group in
the night sky.
(ENGAGEMENT)
Before we proceed to our lesson
today, let’s be guided by our
learning outcomes.

At the end of the lesson, the

students should be able to:
1. Discuss the arrangement
of stars in the night sky
with 80% accuracy;
2. Identify and locate some of
the major constellations
visible from their location
with 80% accuracy; and
3. Reflect about the cultural
significance of
constellations in different
societies.

Now, if you’ve truly saw a night (Students will try to answer the
full of stars? Who could questions asked by their
describe these photos? teacher.)

The teacher presents some

photo.

What did you observe about the Possible answer:

first and second photo? The The stars are grouped.
pictures depicted are called These group of stars are called
what? constellations.

That’s right, they are called

constellations.

Constellations are patterns of

stars visible to the unaided eye,
or regions of space seen from
Earth that are bounded by
borders designated by the
International Astronomical
Union.

Can you name the first photo? Possible answer:

What about the second one? Orion
Gemini
Osunero, Kim John S. 4
 How about the third and last Possible answer:
photo? Can you name them? They also form a group of stars
but unlike to the first two
photos presented, these group
They also form a group of stars of stars contains only a few.
but unlike to the first two The third photo is called the
photos presented, these group “Big Deeper” and the last one
of stars contains only a few. is known as the “Northern
They are also naked-eye star Cross.”
patterns, but they do not form
constellations on their own,
that’s why it’s called, asterisms.

C. Presenting Since, our topic will be the stars Students will try to answer the
examples/ instances of arrangement in group in the question.
the new lesson night sky, do you believe that
stars move or are they in a
constant fixed position?

This question will be answered

as we go along during our
discussion.

Are you excited for our

discussion today?

Away from city lights on a clear,

moonless night, the naked eye
can see 2000-3000 stars. As
you look at these stars, your
mind may group them into
different shapes or patterns.
People of nearly every culture
throughout history have looked
at the stars and given names to
shapes they saw, they even
invented stories to go with
them. For example, the pattern
that the Greeks named Orion
(the hunter) was also seen by
the ancient Chinese who saw it
as a supreme warrior named
Shen. The Chemehuevi Native
Americans of the California
desert saw the same group of
stars as a line of three sure-
footed mountain sheep.

The patterns of stars seen in

the sky are usually called
constellations. The word is from

Osunero, Kim John S. 5

the Latin constellacio, meaning
a set of stars. Astronomers use
the term constellation to refer
to an area of the sky.

The International Astronomical

Union (IAU) divides the sky into
88 official constellations with
exact boundaries, so that every
place in the sky belongs within
a constellation. Most of the
constellations in the Northern
Hemisphere are based on the
constellations invented by the
ancient Greeks, while most in
the Southern Hemisphere are
based on names given to them
by seventeenth century
European explorers.

Many constellations are very

old. They are a link between us
and our ancestors, a projection
of human imagination into the
cosmos. Ancient people looked
at the stars and thought they
saw mythical beings, beasts and
cultural touchstones among the
stars.

However, speaking more

accurately, a group of stars that
forms a pattern in the sky is
called an asterism.

Many are small patterns within

a constellation, and some are
large patterns made of bright
stars from multiple
constellations. There is nothing
official about an asterism, but
many are well known.
Generally, an asterism is a
simple pattern that is easy to
recognize.

Some well-known
asterisms

The Plough, for example, (also

known as the Big Dipper) is a
pattern of seven stars within

Osunero, Kim John S. 6

 the constellation of Ursa Major,
the Great Bear. It is
undoubtedly the most famous
asterism in the sky, and not just
because it is useful as a guide
to other stars and
constellations.

In the southern hemisphere,

five stars comprise the Southern
Cross, an asterism within the
constellation of Crux.

Sometimes, asterisms contain

stars from more than one
constellation: for example, the
glorious Summer Triangle, is a
very prominent in the northern
hemisphere. It is made from the
3 brightest stars of Cygnus,
Lyra and Aquila. In Sagittarius
there is the famous “teapot”
asterism, which points toward
the center of our Milky Way
galaxy. Pleiades is a popular
asterism in Taurus; it is a lovely
naked eye cluster of stars.

D. Discussing new Now, let’s group yourselves into Students will perform their
concepts and practicing two. I will be the one to group activity following the procedure
new skills you basing on your attendance to be dictated by the teacher.
today.
(EXPLORATION)
The teacher will give the
students a moment to study the
photos. He will encourage the
students to point out specific
parts of the constellation.

For group one, you’ll have 1

and half minutes of observing
your assigned photo.
Are you done?

Next, is group two, you will also

do the same.

Are you done now class? Yes Sir.

E. Developing mastery There’s a moral lesson behind Students will try to answer the
the activity that you’ve done. question.
(EXPLANATION) Do you know what it is?
Osunero, Kim John S. 7
 As you observe and take down
notes the distinct features of
each star patterns, you were all
like two ancient cultures seeing
two different shapes in the
same pattern of stars. The
lesson is that because someone
else sees something different,
that doesn't mean that the
other is wrong.

Well done class! You all have a

very imaginative minds. I hope
you have learned a lot while
doing your activity.

Going back to our lesson. Who

could now differentiate what’s a Possible answer:
constellation from asterism? Constellations are patterns of
stars visible to the unaided
eye, or regions of space seen
from Earth while asterisms are
also naked-eye star patterns,
but they do not form
constellations on their own.
F. Finding practical Going back to one of the Students will try to answer the
application of concepts questions I asked you before question.
and skills in daily living we start with our class, do stars
move or they are in fixed
(ELABORATION) positions?

The stars are not fixed, but are

constantly moving. If you factor
out the daily arcing motion of
the stars across the sky due to
the earth's rotation, you end up
with a pattern of stars that
seems to never change. The
stars seem so fixed that ancient
sky-gazers mentally connected
the stars into figures
(constellations) that we can still
make out today. But in reality,
the stars are constantly moving.
They are just so far away that
the naked eye cannot detect
their movement. But sensitive
instruments can detect their
movement.

Most of the stars you see in the

night sky with your naked eye

Osunero, Kim John S. 8

are individual stars inside our
own galaxy. It takes telescopes
to see the stars outside our
galaxy or even to see other
galaxies. The stars in our galaxy
are all orbiting in a nearly
circular path around the center
of the galaxy. They do this
because the immense combined
mass of the galaxy, most if it
near the center, creates
immense gravity that pulls all
the stars in our galaxy into
circular orbits. In addition, each
star in the galaxy has a small
random motion relative to the
overall galactic rotation. The
same concepts apply to stars in
other galaxies. Each star orbits
its galaxy's center and has a
slight random motion on top of
this. Each star does not careen
randomly about like a drunkard.
Rather, each star travels on a
smooth, nearly-straight
trajectory as dictated by its own
momentum and the local
gravitational field.

Now, the visibility of a

constellation/star depends on Possible answer:
what? Location
Time of the year
That’s correct. The visibility of a
constellation/star depends on
your location on Earth and the
time of year you are in.

And, our sky is divided into two Possible answer:

hemispheres which are known Northern Hemisphere
as? Southern Hemisphere

Hemispheres

Any circle drawn around Earth

divides it into two equal halves
called hemispheres. There are
generally considered to be four
hemispheres: northern,
southern, eastern, and western.

Osunero, Kim John S. 9

The celestial sky is usually
divided into two different
hemispheres, the Northern
Hemisphere and the Southern
Hemisphere. As the Earth
rotates, different parts of the
sky are visible at different times
and different locations, for
example, the constellation
Draco can only be seen in the
Northern Hemisphere.

Eastern Hemisphere

The Eastern Hemisphere refers

to the area of Earth east of the
prime meridian and west of the
International Date Line. This
includes much of Europe, Africa,
Asia, Australia, and the islands
of Oceania. A map centered on
the Eastern Hemisphere will
have the Indian Ocean basin at
the center.

Western Hemisphere

The Western Hemisphere refers

to the area of Earth west of the
prime meridian and east of the
International Date Line. This
includes North and South
America. The Western
Hemisphere is a purely
geographic term and should not
be confused with other
mentions of the "western"
world, which is often used to
describe parts of Europe, North
America, and other world
regions that share some
economic, social, and cultural
values.

Northern Hemispheres

The Equator, or line of 0

degrees latitude, divides Earth
into the Northern and Southern
Hemispheres. The Northern
Hemisphere contains North

1
Osunero, Kim John S.
0
America, the northern part of
South America, Europe, the
northern two-thirds of Africa,
and most of Asia.

Southern Hemisphere

The Southern Hemisphere

contains most of South
America, one-third of Africa,
Australia, Antarctica, and some
Asian islands.

There are differences in the

climates of the Northern and
Southern Hemispheres because
of Earth's seasonal tilt toward
and away from the sun. In the
Northern Hemisphere, the
warmer summer months are
from June through September.
In the Southern Hemisphere,
summer begins in December
and ends in March.

Locations of the
Different Constellations

Northern Hemisphere
Constellations

Northern constellations are

those found in the northern
celestial hemisphere, located
north of the celestial equator.

The majority of the modern 36

northern constellations are
based on the Greek
constellations, first catalogued
by the astronomer Ptolemy in
the 2nd century. Many of them
are associated with Greek
myths and legends.

However, most of the Greek

constellations, including the
constellations of the zodiac,
have a much longer history,
going back to Babylonian times

1
Osunero, Kim John S.
1
and some even to the Late
Bronze Age.

Two entire constellation families

are found in the northern sky.

The 10 constellations in the

Ursa Major Family all lie in the
northern celestial hemisphere
and can be seen rotating
around the north celestial pole
throughout the year from
northern latitudes.

These are Boötes (the

Herdsman), Camelopardalis (the
Giraffe), Canes Venatici (the
Hunting Dogs), Coma Berenices
(Berenices’ Hair), Corona
Borealis (Northern Crown),
Draco (Dragon), Leo Minor (the
Smaller Lion), Lynx, Ursa Major
(the Great Bear), the largest
constellation in the north, and
Ursa Minor (the Little Bear).
The smallest constellations in
the northern sky are Equuleus.

Similarly, all the constellations

in the Perseus Family except
Cetus (the Whale) lie in the
northern celestial hemisphere.
These are Andromeda (the
Chained Maiden), Auriga (the
Charioteer), Cassiopeia (the
Queen), Cepheus (the King),
Lacerta (the Lizard), Pegasus
(the Winged Horse), Perseus
and Triangulum (the Triangle).

Moreover, if we’re going to talk

about the northern zodiac
constellations, it’s comprised by
Pisces, Aries, Taurus, Gemini,
Cancer and Leo – are located in
the eastern celestial
hemisphere.

Southern Hemisphere
Constellations

1
Osunero, Kim John S.
2
Southern constellations are
those that lie to the south of
the celestial equator and are
better seen from the southern
hemisphere.

The southern constellations that

were visible to Greeks are
mostly associated with Greek
myths and some of them even
date back to earlier times.

The constellations that were not

visible to northern observers
were not mapped until the late
16th century, when European
navigators and explorers started
going on expeditions that took
them south of the equator.

The southern constellations

include the entire Bayer Family,
a group of 11 constellations
introduced by the German
uranographer Johann Bayer in
1603.

These are Apus (the Bird of

Paradise), Chamaeleon, Dorado
(the Dolphinfish), Grus (the
Crane), Hydrus (the Water
Snake), Indus (the Indian),
Musca (the Fly), Pavo (the
Peacock), Phoenix (the
Firebird), Tucana (the Toucan)
and Volans (the Flying Fish).

Bayer acquired these

constellations from the Flemish
astronomer and cartographer
Petrus Plancius, who had based
his constellation map on the
observations of Dutch
navigators in the late 16th
century.

Constellations in the Lacaille

family, introduced by French
astronomer Nicolas Louis de
Lacaille in 1756, are also all
located in the southern celestial

1
Osunero, Kim John S.
3
hemisphere. These are Antlia
(the Air Pump), Caelum (the
Chisel), Circinus (the Compass),
Fornax (the Furnace),
Horologium (the Pendulum
Clock), Mensa (Table
Mountain), Microscopium (the
Microscope), Norma (the Level),
Octans (the Octant), Pictor (the
Painter’s Easel), Reticulum (the
Reticle), Sculptor and
Telescopium (the Telescope).

Lacaille created these

constellations while observing
the southern skies from an
observatory on Table Mountain
in South Africa. They were not
visible to ancient civilizations in
Europe.

The largest constellation in the

south is the Hydra constellation
while the smallest one is known
as the Crux.

While the southern zodiac

constellations are Virgo, Libra,
Scorpius, Sagittarius,
Capricornus and Aquarius – are
found in the west.

Does anybody know the

importance of constellations?

Importance of
Constellations

In ancient times, constellations

were used to create and track
the calendar so they knew
when to plant crops and harvest
them. Constellations were also
used for navigation and to help
sailors travel across oceans.
Once you find Ursa Major, you
can easily spot the Northern
Star (Polaris) and by using the
height of the Northern Star, you
could figure out your latitude.

1
Osunero, Kim John S.
4
 Do you know any instruments
use to locate stars?

Instruments used to
Locate Stars

Star Chart - a chart or map

showing the relative apparent
positions of the stars, as seen
from the earth, in a particular
area of the sky.

Compass- is a device that

indicates direction. It is one of
the most important instruments
for navigation. A compass is
used to locate the direction of
North, which is necessary for
using a star chart. By knowing
the direction of North, you can
orient the star chart properly
and identify the stars and
constellations in the sky.

Telescope - a tool that

astronomers use to see objects
far away and in space up-close.

G. Making Who can give me a short (Students will summarize the

generalizations and summary of our lesson for lesson.)
abstractions about the today?
lesson
Here’s the key takeaways of our
(ELABORATION) lesson.

Constellations are
patterns of stars visible
to the unaided eye, or
regions of space seen
from Earth that are
bounded by borders
designated by the
International
Astronomical Union.

Asterisms are also

naked-eye star patterns,
but they do not form
constellations on their
own.

1
Osunero, Kim John S.
5
There are 88
constellations as
designated by
International
Astronomical Union.

Most of the
constellations in the
Northern Hemisphere
are based on the
constellations invented
by the ancient Greeks,
while most in the
Southern Hemisphere
are based on names
given to them by
seventeenth century
European explorers.

The stars are not fixed,

but are constantly
moving.

The visibility of a
constellation depends on
your location on Earth
and the time of year you
are in.

The celestial sky is

usually divided into two
different hemispheres,
the Northern
Hemisphere and the
Southern Hemisphere.

Any circle drawn around

Earth divides it into two
equal halves called
hemispheres. There are
generally considered to
be four hemispheres:
northern, southern,
eastern, and western.

In Ancient times,
constellations were used
to create and track the
calendar so they knew
when to plant crops and
harvest them.

1
Osunero, Kim John S.
6
 Constellations were also
used for navigation and
to help sailors travel
across oceans. Once you
find Ursa Major, you can
easily spot the Northern
Star (Polaris) and by
using the height of the
Northern Star, you could
figure out your latitude.

Instruments to locate
the stars are the star
chart, compass and
telescope.

H. Evaluating learning Copy and answer the following (Students will answer the
questions in ½ crosswise paper. activity.)
(EVALUATION)
1. Star- large _____of glowing
gases.
2. Constellations- a ______or
group of _________in the sky
3. Star Chart- _______ of the
________ in the night sky
used as a way to identify
constellations
4. Compass - used to locate the
_______ of the ______ in order
to use a star chart.
5. Telescope- used to see
________ far away in
_________ up-close

Answer:
1. Ball
2. Set; stars
3. Map; stars
4. Direction; north
5. Objects; space

Are you done class? Yes Sir.

J. Additional activities For your assignment, write an

for application or essay about:
remediation
- How did the stars in the
skies made the first
global circumnavigation
a success?

1
Osunero, Kim John S.
7
 Are you done class? Yes Sir.

Thank you everyone! See you Thank you, Sir. See

next meeting. you!

V.REMARKS
VI.REFLECTIONS
A. No. of learners who
earned 80% in
evaluation
B. No. of learners who
require additional
activities for
remediation who
scored below 80%
C. Did the remedial
lessons work? No of
learners who have
caught up with the
lesson
D. No. of learners who
continue to require
remediation
E. With of my teaching
strategies worked well?
Why did these works?
F. What difficulties did
I encounter which my
principal or superior
can help me
solve?

G. What innovation or
localized materials did I
use/discover which I
wish to share with
other teachers?

Prepared by: Checked by:

Kim John S. Osunero Ms. Revekah Gonzaga

Student Teacher Critic Teacher

1
Osunero, Kim John S.
8
 1
Osunero, Kim John S.
9