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Jan Catalina R.
Munar
Characteristics of 6 kingdoms of organisms.
Archaebacteria
Archaebacteria are single-celled prokaryotes originally thought to be bacteria. They are in the
Archaea domain and have a unique ribosomal RNA type.
The cell wall composition of these extreme organisms allows them to live in some very
inhospitable places, such as hot springs and hydrothermal vents. Archaea of the methanogen
species can also be found in the guts of animals and humans.
• Domain: Archaea
• Organisms: Methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles, and psychrophiles
• Cell Type: Prokaryotic
• Metabolism: Depending on species, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur, or sulfide
may be needed for metabolism
• Nutrition Acquisition: Depending on species, nutrition intake may occur through
absorption, non-photosynthetic photophosphorylation, or chemosynthesis.
• Reproduction: Asexual reproduction by binary fission, budding, or fragmentation
Eubacteria
Eubacteria are also single-celled bacterial organisms. This kingdom makes up most of the
bacteria in the world. Eubacteria are very common and well-known to us as parasites like
Streptococci which causes strep throat. However, these bacteria also help produce many
antibiotics, vitamins and yogurt.
These organisms are considered to be true bacteria and are classified under the Bacteria domain.
Bacteria live in almost every type of environment and are often associated with disease.
Most bacteria, however, do not cause disease.
Bacteria are the main microscopic organisms that compose the human microbiota. There are
more bacteria in the human gut, for instance, than there are body cells. Bacteria ensure that our
bodies function normally.
These microbes reproduce at an alarming rate under the right conditions. Most reproduce
asexually by binary fission. Bacteria have varied and distinct bacterial cell shapes including
round, spiral, and rod shapes.
• Domain: Bacteria
• Organisms: Bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), and actinobacteria
• Cell Type: Prokaryotic
• Metabolism: Depending on species, oxygen may be toxic, tolerated, or needed for
metabolism
absorption, photosynthesis, or chemosynthesis
• Reproduction: Asexual
Fungi
The Fungi kingdom is recognizable to us as mushrooms, molds, mildews and yeasts. Unlike the
organisms in the Archaebacteria and Eubacteria kingdoms, Fungi are multi-celled
organisms. Early scientists classified mushrooms and other fungi in the Plant kingdom but they
do not produce their own food as plants do.
Protista
Protista or Protozoa are single-celled organisms but are more complex than single-celled
bacteria. The Protista kingdom includes algae and slime molds. Any microscopic organism that
does not fall into the bacterial, fungi, plant or animal kingdoms is considered a part of the
Protista kingdom. The protista kingdom includes a very diverse group of organisms. Some have
characteristics of animals (protozoa), while others resemble plants (algae) or fungi (slime molds).
These eukaryotic organisms have a nucleus that is enclosed within a membrane. Some protists
have organelles that are found in animal cells (mitochondria), while others have organelles that
are found in plant cells (chloroplasts).
Protists that are similar to plants are capable of photosynthesis. Many protists are
parasitic pathogens that cause disease in animals and humans. Others exist in commensalistic
or mutualistic relationships with their host.
• Domain: Eukarya
• Organisms: Amoebae, green algae, brown algae, diatoms, euglena, and slime molds
• Cell Type: Eukaryotic
• Metabolism: Oxygen is needed for metabolism
absorption, photosynthesis, or ingestion
• Reproduction: Mostly asexual, but meiosis occurs in some species
Plants/ Plantae
The Plant or Plantae kingdom encompasses all flowering plants, mosses and ferns. Plants
are multi-celled, complex organisms and are considered Autotrophic. This means that plants
create their own food through photosynthesis. The Plant kingdom is thought to be the second
largest with over 25,000 known species.
Plants are extremely important to all life on earth as they provide oxygen, shelter, clothing, food,
and medicine for other living organisms.
This diverse group contains vascular and nonvascular plants, flowering and nonflowering plants,
as well as seed-bearing and non-seed bearing plants. As is true of most photosynthetic
organisms, plants are primary producers and support life for most food chains in the planet's
major biomes.
Animalia/ Animals
The largest kingdom of organisms is the Animal or Animalia kingdom. This kingdom is
made up of complex, multi-celled organisms ranging from sea sponge colonies to elephants.
All organisms in the Animal kingdom are Heterotrophs meaning, unlike plants which produce
their own food, animals feed upon other organisms. The Animal kingdom is the world's largest
with over one million known species.
This kingdom includes animal organisms. These multicellular eukaryotes depend on plants and
other organisms for nutrition.
Most animals live in aquatic environments and range in size from tiny tardigrades to the
extremely large blue whale. Most animals reproduce by sexual reproduction, which involves
fertilization (the union of male and female gametes).
Domain: Eukarya
Organisms: Mammals, amphibians, sponges, insects, worms
Cell Type: Eukaryotic
Metabolism: Oxygen is needed for metabolism
Nutrition Acquisition: Ingestion
Reproduction: Sexual reproduction occurs in most and asexual reproduction in some

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