PHILIPPINE ADMINISTRATIVE THOUGHTS AND

ADMINISTRATION

SPANISH COLONIAL
FERDINAND MAGELLAN
It is Ferdinand Magellan who arrived in the Philippines to head a
Spanish expedition searching for the Spice Islands in 1521. Magellan never
completed the journey by himself; he was then killed in an encounter with natives
in the Philippines after having claimed the Philippines is for Spain.
Magellan introduced Christianity in Cebu

THE BATTLE OF MACTAN

However, Magellan’s plans to claim the whole of the Philippines
Islands for Spain encountered stiff resistance from other natives, particularly from
Lapu-Lapu, the chieftain of neighboring Mactan Island. In what is known as the
Battle of Mactan that was fought on April 27, 1521,

COLONIALISM
The spanish at first viewed the Philippines as a stepping stone to the riches
of the east indies but even after Portuguese and Dutch had foreclosed that
possibility the Spanish still maintained their presence in the archipelago

REASONS FOR COLONIALISM

THREE G
● GOD
● GOLD
● GLORY

MIGUEL LOPEZ DE LEGAZPI

Religion played a significant role in Spain's relations with and attitudes
toward the indigenous population. The Spaniards considered conversion through
baptism to be a symbol of allegiance to their authority. Although they were
interested in gaining a profit from the colony, the Spanish also recognized a
responsibility to protect the property and personal rights of these new Christians.

THE RESISDENCIA
This was a special judicial court that investigate that performance of a
governor general who was about to replace .
The Resisdencia of which the incoming governor general was usually a
member submitted a report of its findings to the King

VISITA
 The council of the indies in spain sent a government officials called the
visatador General to observe condition of colony
The Visatador General reported his finding directly to the King

The Encomienda was introduced in the Philippines when Legazpi in compliance

They Distribute the land in Cebu to loyal Spanish subject Spaniard receiving his
favor was given the right to collect tribute or taxes from inhabitants of the area
assistaned

TRIBUTE
King Charles decreed that indians who had been pacified should contribute a
moderate amount in recognition

The Spaniard closed the parts of Manila to all countries except Mexico ,
Thus The Manila Acapulco Trade better known as the " Galleon Trade

STRUGGLE COLONIALISM
The colonized peoples and countries, worn out and ruined as they were,
finally took up arms to free themselves at the cost of enormous sacrifices. It is now
neo-colonization that is perpetuating the domination and exploitation of the
countries caught up in the machinery of the system.
One of the most important factors in maintaining that situation is the
cooperation provided by the former Colonial Powers, which uses a series of
constraints to impose its will on the former colony, now a “Sovereign State" but
actually without means or power. In this unequal relationship between assisted and
assister, the latter imposes its will and thus maintains the general orientation of
existing or new structures in the economic, social and cultural spheres.
Colonization entailed the destruction and modification of the structures of the
colonized peoples. The models of civilization and development imposed on them
served only to deepen and worsen the work of destruction undertaken by the
colonizers, who were not interested in helping the colonized peoples to escape
from their ignorance.
Slavery and colonization ended up by ruining the entire third world which,
moreover, has never recovered. For centuries, the colonial Powers, which are
easily identifiable today, pillaged the wealth of the colonized countries to the profit
of and on behalf of their nationals and to ensure their own economic and social
development.

DURING SPANISH COLONIAL RULE

For the first time, a single political (and religious) authority ruled over major
portions of the archipelago (including parts of Mindanao). Spanish settlements
spread throughout the archipelago and merged with the major communities
(Intramuros in Manila, Villa Fernandina in Vigan, Caceres in Naga for what is now
Luzon area, and Santisimo Nombre in Cebu and Arevalo in Molo in the Visaya
area)
 Communities were organized into towns (pueblos) under the rule of both
Spanish colonial government and the Catholic Church. But the Spanish colonial
government did not have enough personnel (or religious missionaries) to manage
the communities, and thus it resorted to a system of land trust (encomienda) that
gave lands to Spanish settlers.
The establishment of townships started the distinction between people who
came under Spanish and Christian influence and those who refused to be so ruled.
Eventually, those who remained outside the towns were driven further out into the
forests and the mountains. With their traditional systems and practices intact, they
were considered remontados (people who fled to the hills) and infideles (infidels).
All lands in the Philippine archipelago were treated as lands of the Spanish
crown under the jura regalia doctrine (Regalian Doctrine). By the 19th century new
Spanish land laws were governing lands in the Philippines. Land titles became the
basis of grant from the Spanish crown. Those without the land titles had no legal
right over the land.
Thus, the people who remained outside the pueblos, now the indigenous
peoples, and who refused to be covered by Spanish land laws had virtually no right
to their own land.

NATIONALISM
 THE 1896 PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION
The Philippine Revolution began in 1896 and really ended only in 1901. At
first, it was a war of independence against the Spain. Later, it turned into a war of
independence against the United State. The first part of revolution was a success.
Many of our best heroes were killed during the revolution.
CAUSES OF PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION
- The abuses of Spanish officials and priests.
- Persecution of Filipino leaders who defended the rights of their fellow
countymen.
- Filipinos 'desire to regain their independence.
- Discovery of the Katipunan and Bonifacio's call for revolution.
The Spanish officials terrorized the Filipinos and executed many of their famous
leader.

Many Filipino patriots were arrested and put in prison at Fort Santiago. About
1,000 Filipinos were exiled to Guam, Africa and other Spanish prisons abroad. The
martyrdom of their leaders made the Filipinos more angry at the Spanish officials.
Thousands of Filipinos were inspired to join the revolution in the nearby
provinces. The Filipino revolutionaries captured, Las Pinas, Paranaque, and other
towns around in Manila.

The revolutionaries was divided in two. The Magdalos- Aguinaldo's group and the
Magdiwangs- Bonifacio's group. Aguinaldo win his battles while Bonifacio lost all
his battle. Bonifacio's supporters refused to help Aguinaldo when they were
attacked similarly. Aguinaldo's followers, did not help the Magdiwangs when they
fought the Spaniard.
Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo proclaim the independence of the
Philippines after 300 years of Spanish rule. By mid-August, Filipino rebels and
U.S. troops had ousted the Spanish, but Aguinaldo’s hopes for independence were
dashed when the United States formally annexed the Philippines as part of its
peace treaty with Spain.
Father Mariano Gil was the parish curate of Tondo Manila. He was one of the friars
who had earlier warned the Spanish civil authorities about the existence of a secret
society.
THE CRY OF PUGADLAWIN
-The news of the discovery of the Katipunan spread throughout Manila and the
suburbs.

- Bonifacio, informed of the discovery, secretly instructed his runners to summon

all the leaders of the society to a general assembly to be held on August 24.

THE BIAK NA BATO REPUBLIC

- After the death of Bonifacio, the revolution art went from bad to worse for the
Filipinos.

- Lasted only in a short time, from November 1 to December 30, 1897.

- Aguinaldo was again elected as President of the Biak na bato Republic.
THE 1986 EDSA PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION
EDSA Revolution and the Philippine Revolution of 1986 also known as The People
Power Revolution, it was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines that
began in 1983 and culminated in 1986. The methods used amounted to a sustained
campaign of civil resistance against regime violence and electoral fraud.
This case of nonviolent revolution led to the departure of President Ferdinand
Marcos and the restoration of the country's democracy. It is also referred to as the
Yellow Revolution due to the presence of yellow ribbons during the
demonstrations and the arrival of then assassinated Benigno Aquino, Jr.
CAUSES OF EDSA PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION
- Assassination of Ninoy

- Martial Law

- Electoral fraud

- Message aired by Cardinal Sin

The Assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr., former Philippine Senator, took place on
Sunday, August 21, 1983 at Manila International Airport. Aquino, also a longtime
political opponent of the Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos, had just landed in
his home country after a 3-year self exile in the United States when he was shot in
the head while being escorted from an aircraft to a vehicle that was waiting to
transport him to prison. Also killed was Roland Galman, who was later implicated
in Aquino's murder.
Martial Law refers to the period of Philippine history wherein Philippine
Presidents and Heads of state declare a proclamation to control troublesome areas
under the rule of Military, and it is usually given when threatened by popular
demonstrations, or to crack down on the opposition. Martial Law can also be
declared in cases of major natural disasters, however most countries use a different
legal construct like "state of emergency".
In the Philippines, the term "snap elections" usually refers to the 1986 presidential
election, where President Ferdinand Marcos called elections earlier than
scheduled, in response to growing social unrest. Marcos was declared official
winner of the election but was eventually ousted when it was alleged that he
cheated in the elections.
Exactly three days before the EDSA People Power Revolution culminated on
February 25, 1986, then-Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin appealed to
Filipinos to go to the vicinity of the national military headquarters along Epifanio
delos Santos Avenue, to support two senior officials who had just withdrawn
support for dictator Ferdinand Marcos.

On February 22, 1986, Sin delivered a message on Radio Veritas, appealing to the
public to protect then-defense minister Juan Ponce Enrile and then-Armed Forces
of the Philippines Vice Chief of Staff Fidel Ramos who were holed up in Camp
Aguinaldo.
STRUGGLE DICTATORSHIP AGAINST MARCOS
A year has passed since Ferdinand Edralin Marcos, a sixth president of the
post-war Republic of the Philippines, placed his country under the "divine
guidance" of martial law and assumed near-dictatorial powers as chief executive
and self-proclaimed architect of a "New Society."
President Marcos has offered the threat of Communist subversion and
insurrection, and the need for national discipline and reform as explanations and
justifications for his dramatic proclamation of September 21, 1972.

IMPLICATION OF THE 1896 PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION

The revolution against Spain was sparked in 1896 after Spanish authorities
discovered the “Katipunan,” a Filipino revolutionary society plotting against their
colonisers. It ended in 1902, where Spain lost and ceded sovereignty of the
Philippines to the United States.
In the fall of 1896, Filipino nationalists revolted against the Spanish rule that had
controlled the Philippines since the sixteenth century. Led by Emilio Aguinaldo
(1869-1964), the 1896 revolt carried the Filipinos to an anticipated war with Spain
and an unanticipated war with the United States.

IMPLICATION OF THE 1986 REVOLUTION

The 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution gathered millions of Filipinos from all
walks of life to march along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), the main artery
of Metro Manila, to end the dictatorship of President Ferdinand E. Marcos and
begin a new era marked by true freedom and democracy. This spirit of the
movement was not confined to Manila; it manifested through non-violent
demonstrations staged in different cities nationwide—it was a revolution marked
by its peaceful means, led by a nation united to reclaim liberty.
 The Philippine Administrative System During American Period

THE PAS DURING AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD

• American expansion was described to be one undertaken ‘’in the absence of

a constant purpose’’ or a specific colonial objective. There were explicit interest as
indicated by business, church groups, and even military strategists. Yet venture was
to be undertaken.

Philippine Administrative System During American Period

• GOVERNMENT

• DEMOCRACY-The greatest legacy the Americans gave us.

• 3 Branches:
✔ Executive (president)
✔ Legislative(senate and congress)
✔ Judiciary (DOJ)
EDUCATION

• Public schools were opened up.

• First teachers were called: thomasites, because they came on board the USS
Thomas.

• Medium of instruction: English.

• Schools established:
✔ University of the Philippines
✔ Philippine Normal College
✔ Other agricultural schools.
RELIGION

• Protestanisim was introduced.

• More or less than 300,000 Filipinos became protestant.
• There was a separation of the church and state.
• Freedom of religion was practiced.
Infrastructure

• Transportation and Communication was improved

• American built roads, streets , and bridges.
• The new infrastructure helped make the movement of products and services
more efficient.

• Boulevards, zone districts , and centers of leisure were also established.

• American architecture are still present today, PUP, Manila hotel and PGH are
some examples.

Entertainment

• Hollywood Movies became more popular.

• New kinds of music and dance were introduced like rock n roll, boogie, jazz,
tango, chacha, polka and rhumba.

• Filipinos learned to watch and play games like table tennis, basketball,
voleyball, boxing and football.

Health and Sanitation

• Filipinos learned the value of cleanliness, and healthy practices.

• They were taught proper hygiene to make them healthy and be free from
contagious diseases.

• Hospitals, clinics and health centers were established including public hospitals
for lepers.

Clothing

• Modes of dressings was changed.

• Men: suits,polo shirt,ties and jeans

• Women: Dresses, high heeled shoes and handbags.

Food

• Food like ice cream, cakes, beef steak, hotdog,

hamburgers,sandwiches,cookies and donuts were introduced.

Livelihood

• Philippine Economy improved

• Increased in Agricultural production

• Development of new industries.

Attitude

• Filipinos became more frank,and more humorous.

• We developed a stronger beliefs in rights and freedom.

• Pagmamano was replaced by kissing the cheeks of parents and elders as

assign of respect.

Language

• The English language was widely taught all over the country.Soon some
English words became part of our vocabulary.

• Filipinos adopted American names like Charlie, anna, francis and cherry.

NEGATIVE IMPACT OF THE AMERICAN COLONIZATION

• Americanization of Filipinos
• Colonial Mentality
• Respectful Filipino ways of greeting were replaced by merely saying ‘’hi’’ or
‘’hello’’

• Filipinos started to prefer white collar jobs.

 THE PAS DURING THE EARLY REPUBLIC

• From the American colonial period, we move on to the experiences of the

early republic after the united states granted the Philippines its independence
in 1946. the country had just gone through the second world war which caused
serve physical destruction and economic decline. while these factors would
pose demanding challenges to the public bureaucracy, it was emergence of the
two party system soon after the character and nature of the civil service.
What problems did the early Republic face?

• One of the most challenging problems was managing the economy. The
country had to repay war debts of more than $52 million. To win the respect
of both foreign countries and its own citizens, the new nation had to show that
it could manage its budget.

AUTHORIAN REGIME

What is authoritarianism regime?

• Authoritarianism is characterized by highly concentrated and centralized

government power maintained by political repression and the exclusion of
potential challengers. It uses political parties and mass organizations to mobilize
people around the goals of the regime.

• by far one of the most notorious families in the Philippines, Ferdinand

Marcos and his wife, Imelda Marcos, made their mark on the country, but not in a
way one would expect. Elected to the Philippines House of Representatives in 1949,
Ferdinand quickly moved up the ranks and by 1965, he was inaugurated to his first
term as President of the Philippines. This marked his 20 years regime that became
increasingly authoritarian and corrupt.

• Later in 1969, Marcos campaigned for a second term, beginning with his nomination as the
presidential candidate of the Nacionalista Party at its July 1969 general meeting. To garner the favour
of the electorates, Marcos invested US$50 million into infrastructure projects. However, this backfired
on him as the rapid and massive expenditure would ultimately be responsible for the Balance of
Payments (BoP) crisis in 1970. The subsequent inflationary effect caused widespread social unrest and
dissent.

• In 1972, following a series of bombings in Manila, Marcos was warned of an imminent communist
takeover and enacted the martial law in response. With the issue of Proclamation 1081, Marcos
had effectively overwritten the constitution. His term was supposed to end in December 1973 in
 accordance with the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines, which states that he was only allowed to
be the president for two four-year terms. The martial law allowed him to extend his term
indefinitely, marking the beginning of his authoritarian rule.
TYPES OF AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES

1. Monarchies

2. Military Dictatorships

3. Civilian Dictatorships

PHILIPPINE ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM

THE PEOPLE AS THE UMTIMATE SOURCE OF POWER

Definition of people
power, Elements, and
commitment to social
development
PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION

*Also known as EDSA Revolution or Philippine

Revolution of 1986 -was a series of
demonstrations in the Philippines that began in
1983 and culminated in 1986. The methods used
amounted to a sustained campaign of civil
resistance against regime violence and electoral
fraud.
Philippines culminated in the toppling of
the Marcos dictatorship and a democratic
transition.

President Marcos signed Proclamation No.

2045 on Jan. 17, 1981 declaring the end of
Martial Law rule.

01

02

Pres. Marcos did this to show to the Filipinos

and to the world that democracy had been
restored in the Philippines after more than 8
years of military rule.
people power protests are often
identified as in “the third world,
across at the second half of the
twentieth century

The socio-political and

economic circumstances of this
period popularised grassroots
movements in the Third World.
people power movements are executed
with the goal of changing the existing
political structure in a given country,
and in most cases, installing a
democratic political system. As such,
social movements or acts of protest
which either have a goal unassociated
with a political ideology, or incoherent
movements with no end goal at all, are
considered excluded from people
power.

people power movements are reliant on

popular participation and are therefore
supported by civilians, as opposed to a
governmental organisation or military
wing.

As denoted by the name, this method is

reliant on popular participation
“civilian-based” and therefore does not
include isolated acts or protest without an
overarching organisation by a group of
people.

Academics and historians often consider

the grassroots nature of people power
movements as they express the discontent
of the governed.

ELEMENTS

Refers to “revolutions driven by civil society

mobilisation” which result in a reconfiguration of
political power in a given state
can be manifested as a small-scale protest or campaign
for neighborhood change

re reliant on popular participation and are therefore

supported by civilians

to achieve desired outcomes with specific political

goals

a wide range of strategies of protest and persuasion

have been used

PEOPLE POWER COMMITMENT

A political term denoting the populist driving

force of any social movement which invokes
the authority of grassroots opinion and willpower,
usually in opposition to that of conventionally
organised corporate or political forces. People
power protest attempts to make changes in the
political process of a given state - it refers to
“revolutions driven by civil society mobilisation”
which result in a reconfiguration of political
power in a given state.

People Power and Political

Opportunities: Social Movement
Mobilization and Outcomes in the
Philippines

01

Political opportunity framework, influential allies and elite divisions influenced the
mobilization and outcomes of the movements. A comparative approach uncovers
limitations with the additive enumeration of political opportunities for single
movements. Violent and indiscriminate repression was found to have a differential
effect on mobilization depending on whether other opportunities were present or
absent.

the Society for the Study of Social Problems, Social Problems tackles the most
difficult of
contemporary society's issues and brings to the fore influential sociological
findings and
theories enabling readers to gain a better understanding of the complex social
environment.
Characteristics of social movements A movement is not merely a perpetuated
crowd,
since a crowd does not possess organizational and motivational mechanisms
capable of
sustaining membership through periods of inaction and waiting.

Social movements and

social changes

It argued that all movements tend to be either political or religious in character,

depending upon
whether their strategy aims at changing political structures or the moral values of
individuals.

social movement reflect

the notion that social
movements are
intrinsically related to
social change.

The social institution in or

through which social change is
to be brought about provides
one basis for categorizing
social movements as political,
religious, economic,
educational, and the like.
10 Ways People
Power Can Change
the World

People power can take many forms depending on what kind

of change you’re looking to achieve and who has the power
to make that change happen—whether it’s a government,
company, community or individual.

1. Consumer Pressure

The voices of many can now match the marketing budgets of even the biggest
brands, making
consumer pressure an effective way to influence companies to change their ways.

Boycotts-People can put economic pressure on a company or brand by refusing

to buy products or services

Brand Jamming-have creatively adapted a brand’s design and

messaging to expose its actions.
Direct Communication-People can send emails, faxes, and letters to a
company

Getting Personal-People can use tactics designed to shame or harass

campaign targets and people close to them, in a way that gets the target
to want to give in to make it stop.

Buycotts-A campaign can encourage or reward positive corporate

actions with a buycott that asks people to use their purchasing power for
good.

2. Corporate Pressure

People can also directly influence companies by asking for the help of
shareholders, employees, investors or
partners of the company. Anybody who has the potential to pressure a company’s
investors, leaders or even
employees has the ability to influence corporate behaviour.

Investment/Divestment-Encouraging investors to move their money

towards better options (or simply away from bad options) is a powerful
tactic.

Shareholder Action-Shareholders can influence the direction of a

company, particularly through resolutions and votes at Annual General
Meetings.

Employee Pressure-Employees can be encouraged to raise issues with

managers and colleagues. Employees can also provide insider
information that may expose a problem or inform your campaign strategy.

Legal Action-Customers, investors, and others affected by a company’s

actions can together sue a company.

Workplace Action-Organising workers to collectively negotiate with a

company may be the most well-known corporate pressure action.

3. Political Pressure

There are many ways to influence governments and politicians, all of which can
shift laws, policies and regulations.
Governmental and political structures are complex and vary widely across the
globe and local laws can restrict the
ability of organisations to engage in politics.

Face-to-Face Lobbying-People can meet with their political representatives in

person to discuss an issue.
Political Protests-Rallies, marches and vigils are commonly used to protest the
actions of
politicians or a government.

Messages to Politicians-In many countries, people can directly contact politicians

and
government officials with emails, letters, telephone calls, and social media. Some
campaigns,
like the hand sewn messages created by the Craftivist Collective, have been more
creative.

Contacting Local Media-Letters published in local newspapers, magazines, or blogs

are often
read by a politician or his/her staff, especially if they mention the politician or are
related to an
issue s/he is working on; the same is often true for call-in segments on local TV
and radio.

Campaigning for Candidates-If there is a political candidate you think has the
power to make a
change that is important for your cause, you can rally people to support their
campaign.

Voting-Encouraging people to vote one way or another— or doing work to

increase the number
of voters likely to support a preferred candidate—can influence politicians or get
better ones
elected.

4. Raising Awareness

Exposing a problem is often the first step to harnessing people power. People will
only invest energy and time in a campaign when they
understand why it’s important, how they can help and what the solution is.
Awareness campaigns are often combined with other people-powered
change strategies that give people ways to act.

Hashtag Advocacy-via app interfaces that highlight trending topics for users and
widely followed
major media outlets that amplify these memes by reporting on them Some
campaigns and social
movements

Storytelling-Films (including short documentaries or animated clips), books,

magazine
articles and blog posts are all places to develop a narrative about your issue.
Sharing Images-Facebook and other social networks are good places to share
memes, photos and images overlaid with text.

Hosting Movie Night-Local groups or individuals can invite their networks of

friends and/or
colleagues to come and see a film

Education-Organisations can work with schools or local groups to create learning

materials
or lesson plans.

Public Art-Art can capture the imagination (and media attention) of many who
may not
otherwise pay attention.

5. Organising

Organising is a form of leadership. Identifying, recruiting and

developing skills that help others act and become leaders
themselves builds a community’s ability to control the forces
that affect it. Large-scale change is possible when organising is
coordinated across many communities at the same time.

6. Volunteering

Volunteers bring new skills, energy and ideas to a campaign or organisation (and
may also increase how much
you can get done). The benefit goes both ways: volunteers give skills, knowledge
and time while receiving
experience, new friends and satisfaction.

Campaigning-Volunteers can lobby elected officials, handle local media or even

run their
own campaigns.

High-Skilled and High-Risk Jobs-Well educated and/or highly skilled people can
provide valuable services that are difficult for organisations to afford or manage.

Disaster Relief-Volunteers provide invaluable services after a natural or man-made

catastrophe. People often travel large distances to provide their skills and labor in
the aftermath of a disaster.

Everything Else-Every other method of harnessing people power in this guide can
potentially be conceived of, organised and/or carried out by volunteers.

7. Crowdsourcing
The internet is enabling large groups of people to take on tasks,
get involved in decision making, and contribute to solving
specific problems. Crowdsourced campaigns organise efforts
across communities, social networks and groups to draw on a
deeper pool of creativity, knowledge and resources.

8. Donating

Donations allow campaigns and organisations to conduct

sustained research, investigations, and education, pay for
equipment and much more. Money is important, of course, but
people can also donate goods that can be used or sold.
Donations also offer a way for the donor to connect with a
cause they are passionate about and see the good their money,
goods or services can do out in the world.

9. Behaviour Change

Behaviour change has been (and remains) a goal of many advocacy campaigns.
Activists have, for example,
urged people to choose tap water over bottled water, recycle their waste, or
purchase fair-trade products.
Online platforms and social networks are rewriting the role people play in
behaviour change campaigns.
Word of mouth is more powerful than ever in the digital age: People can quickly
learn what family, friends
and colleagues believe through social media like Facebook, Twitter, or even text
messages. Furthermore,
people are increasingly making decisions based on the influence of peers and
people like them as trust in
brands and more traditional institutions like media or government plummets.
Smart campaigns are using
networks as social proof platforms and engaging more people than ever in
behaviour change campaigns – like
using online review sites to challenge corporations.

Social Proof-Buying a fair trade or organic product is one way of showing social
proof and
influencing the behaviour of friends and family.

Word of Mouth

Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter can be powerful (and fast) ways
for
people to spread messages and potentially influence friends and family.
10. Non-Violent Direct Action (NVDA)

Individuals and groups of people can disrupt or stop the work of companies,
governments and other actors causing harm. These non-violent direct actions
can raise the level and quality of public debate, engage people and provoke
action from those with the power to change law and policy.

Civil Disobedience-There are countless examples of people breaking a law or

social norm they believe is unjust.

Occupying or Blockading-People can physically block an unwanted

activity to stop it or future activities like it from happening.