Experiment No

Study of GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) system.

Name of Student:

Roll No:

Date of Performance:
AIM: To Study Global System for Mobile communication system.

Apparatus: GSM Development board, PC for software verification, Testing wires, Multi-meter,
SIM etc.

Theory:

GSM Application module MC20GSM is an extension module for Nvis Microcontroller

development platforms. The module has been designed for students and practicing engineers to
gain invaluable practical experience on the principle and applications of microcontroller & GSM
application Module. The objective is to have a clear understanding of how GSM module are
interfaced and controlled with microcontroller. It has various terminals for connection to
external real world applications. GSM application module will provide a basic understanding of
the GSM Fundamentals operations, as call received and sends, message received and sends.
MC20GSM Application Module is a class of wireless MODEM devices that are designed for
communication of a computer as well as microcontroller with the GSM and GPRS network. It
requires a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card just like mobile phones to activate
communication with the network. Also they have IMEI (International Mobile Equipment
Identity) number similar to mobile phones for their identification. GSM Application Module use
as automation in industrial as well commercial. It has two modes, User mode & AT command
mode to understand working of Global System for Mobile communication.

Features
· Easy understanding of AT commands
· PC Interface facility using RS232 and USB
· Expansion socket forMicro controller interfacing
· Onboard relay with NO, NC, C connections
· Analog audio interface
· SIM card socket available
· Headphone facility available
· Inbuilt Powerful TCP/IP protocol stack for internet data transfer over GPRS.
Theory
GSM – Global System forMobile Communication
· Understanding theory of GSM technology
· Network architecture
· Data services & capability
· System up gradation
What is GSM?
The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is an international digital cellular
telecommunications standard. The GSM standard was released by ESTI (European Standard
and Technology Institute) back in 1989. First commercial services were launched in 1991. After
its early introduction in Europe, the standard went global in 1992 when GSM services were
introduced in Australia. Since then, GSM has become the most widely adopted and fastest-
growing digital cellular standard, and it is positioned to become the world's dominant cellular
standard. In fact, as of January 1999, GSM accounted for more than 120 million subscribers,
according to the GSM memorandum of understanding (MoU) Association. With 324 GSM
networks in operation in 129 countries, GSM provides almost complete coverage around the
globe.
GSM Standardization: Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular
standard that was developed to solve the fragmentation problems of the first cellular systems in
Europe. GSM was the world’s first cellular system to specify digital modulation & network level
architectures & services, & is the world’s most popular 2G technology. Before GSM, European
countries used different cellular standard throughout the continent, & it was not possible for a
customer to use a single subscriber unitthroughout Europe. As of 2001, there were over 350
million GSM subscribers worldwide.
The GSM standard was developed by the Group Special Mobile (SMG), which was an initiative
of the Conference of European Post and Telecommunications (CEPT) administrations. The
underlying aim was to design a uniform pan European mobile system to replace the existing
incompatible analog systems. Work on the standard was started in 1982, and the first full set
of specifications (phase 1) became available in 1990. The responsibility for GSM
standardization now resides with European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI)
GSM SystemArchitecture
GSM Frequencies:
The GSM system is a FDMA/ TDMA system; each physical channel is characterized by a carrier
frequency & a time slot number. GSM system frequencies includes two bands at 900 MHz and
1800 MHz commonly referred as GSM-900 and DCS-1800. For the primary band in GSM-900
system, 124 radio carriers have been defined and assigned in two sub-bands of 25 MHz each in
the 890-915 MHz and 935-960 MHz ranges, with channel width of 200 KHz.
The GSM system comprises of (refer below figure) mobile station(MS), base transceiver station
(BTS), base station controller (BSC), mobile switching center (MSC) and a set of registers
(databases) to assist in mobility management & security functions. All signaling between MSC
and various registers as well as between MSCs takes place using Signaling System 7(SS7)
network.
Mobile Station (MS):
GSM mobile station is nothing but your handset or subscriber unit. At the time of
manufacturing a handset, an international mobile equipment identity (IMEI) is programmed
into the terminal. A subscriber identity module (SIM) is required to activate and operate GSM
terminal. The SIM may be a removable unit that can be inserted by the user. Any GSM
terminal capable of receiving a detachable SIM card can become the user’s MS upon plugging
into the SIM card.
Base station system (BSS):
The base station system comprises a base station controller (BSC) and one or more subtending
base transceiver stations (BTS).The BSS is responsible for all functions related to the radio
resource management.
Mobile switching center (MSC):
It’s a local ISDN switch with additional capabilities to support mobility management functions
like location update, terminal registration, and handoff.
MSC performs the following major functions:
· Call setup, release
· Call routine
· Billing information
· Paging & altering
· Echo cancellation
· Registration etc.
Home location register (HLR):
It is a centralized database that has the permanent data fills about the mobile subscribers in a
large service area.
Visiting location register (VLR):
It represents a temporary data store, and generally there is one VLR per MSC. This register
contains information about mobile subscribers who are currently in the service area & which
features are activated locally.
Authentication center (AC):
Generally associated with HLR, contains authentication parameters which are used in initial
location registration, location updates etc. It uses authentication & cipher key generation
algorithm A3 & A8 respectively.
Equipment identity register (EIR):
It maintains information to authenticate terminal equipment so that fraud can be identified
and denied service.
GSM Capability & Data Services
Characteristics of the initial GSM standard include the following:
· Fully digital system utilizing the 900MHz frequency band.
· TDMA over radio carriers (200 KHz carrier spacing)
· User/terminal authentication for fraud control
· Full international roaming capability
· Compatibility with ISDN for supplementary services
· Support of short message service(SMS)
GSM supports a range of basic and supplementary services like bearer services, teleservices
and supplementary services. The common ISDN like supplementary services supported by
GSM include the following:
· Call forwarding
· Call barring
· Call waiting
· Call hold
· Call charge etc.
Call forwarding & barring are defined in the original GSM specification (phase 1). GSM data
services consist of circuit-switched and packet-switched data. Circuit switched data can be to
an analog modem, to an ISDN connection, or to a fax machine. Packet switched data connects
to a packet network.
The GSM GPRS extends the packet capabilities of GSM to higher data rates and longer
messages. The service supports sending point to point and point to multipoint messages. Two
nodes are added to the GSM network to support GPRS.
Objective: Study of AT Commands with interfacing PC
Note: This experiments perform at PC
GSM 07.05 and 07.07 commands:
Preface:
In the following the <err> parameter is sometimes shown. This parameter and its possible
values are described in chapter “Error message handling and survey”.
 Commands concerning modem and SIM card hardware:
1. Manufacturer identification +CGMI:
Description
This command gives the manufacturer identification.
Command syntax: AT+CGMI
2. Request model identification +CGMM:
Description
This command is used to get the supported frequency bands. With multi-band products the
response may be a combination of different bands.
Command syntax: AT+CGMM
3. Request revision identification +CGMR:
Description
This command is used to get the revised software version.
Command syntax: AT+CGMR
4. Product Serial Number +CGSN:
Description
This command allows the user application to get the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment
Identity, 15 digits number) of the product.
Command syntax: AT+CGSN
5. Request IMSI +CIMI:
Description
This command is used to read and identify the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)
of the SIM card.
Command syntax: AT+CIMI
6. Card Identification +CCID:
Description
This command orders the product to read the EF-CCID file on the SIM card.
Command syntax: AT+CCID
7. AT+CPIN:
Command is used to send the PIN to the modem, which is needed to register into the GSM
network. After three unsuccessful attempts to enter the PIN the PUK is required. As second
parameter the user should provide a new PIN. After 10 unsuccessful attempts to enter the PUK
the SIM card is damaged.
8. AT+CREG:
Command is used to show the network registration status and to control the presentation of an
unsolicited result code +CREG: <stat> when there is a change in the network registration
status.
9. AT+COPS:
Command is used to show the current and the available PLMN’s. It is also used to select a
PLMN manually or automatically.
10. AT+CSQ:
Command is used to ask for the networks field strength and the current bit error rate.
11. AT+CCED:
This command can be used by the application to retrieve the cell parameters of the main cell
and of up to six neighbor cells. The response will be:
[+CSQ: <rssi>,99 if <requested dump> equals 8 to 15]
+CCED:<value>, ... , <value>
OK
Where <value> is the ASCII string of the values (in decimal except LAC and CI values are in
hexadecimal) of the parameters If a field can not be measured - or has no sense - the
parameter is not filled (two consecutive commas are then found). The meaning of <value> can
be found in GSM ETSI 01.04.
The response could be a single shot or automatically sent to the serial link every 5sec.
12. ATD:
Command is used to establish a Voice call.
13. ATDL:
Command is used to redial the last dialed number.
 14. ATA:
Command is used to accept an incoming call.
15. ATS0:
The S0 parameter controls the automatic answering of an incoming call.

Conclusion:

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