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    Nucleotide

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    Bronn
    Nucleotides are composed of three components: a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. There are two types of nitrogenous bases: purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and uracil). Ribose or deoxyribose are the pentose sugars involved. Nucleosides contain a nitrogenous base and pentose, joined by an N-glycosidic bond. Nucleotides are formed from nucleosides when phosphate groups are added, and nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are high molecular weight polymers of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds between the 3' and 5' carbons of adjacent pentose

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    Nucleotide

    Uploaded by

    Bronn
    21 views3 pages
    Nucleotides are composed of three components: a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. There are two types of nitrogenous bases: purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and uracil). Ribose or deoxyribose are the pentose sugars involved. Nucleosides contain a nitrogenous base and pentose, joined by an N-glycosidic bond. Nucleotides are formed from nucleosides when phosphate groups are added, and nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are high molecular weight polymers of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds between the 3' and 5' carbons of adjacent pentose

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    Nucleotides are composed of three components: a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. There are two types of nitrogenous bases: purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and uracil). Ribose or deoxyribose are the pentose sugars involved. Nucleosides contain a nitrogenous base and pentose, joined by an N-glycosidic bond. Nucleotides are formed from nucleosides when phosphate groups are added, and nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are high molecular weight polymers of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds between the 3' and 5' carbons of adjacent pentose

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    21 views3 pages

    Nucleotide

    Uploaded by

    Bronn
    Nucleotides are composed of three components: a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. There are two types of nitrogenous bases: purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and uracil). Ribose or deoxyribose are the pentose sugars involved. Nucleosides contain a nitrogenous base and pentose, joined by an N-glycosidic bond. Nucleotides are formed from nucleosides when phosphate groups are added, and nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are high molecular weight polymers of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds between the 3' and 5' carbons of adjacent pentose

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    Nucleotides are the three-component compounds,

    which consist of nitrogen base, monosaccharide (pentose) and phosphate.


    Nitrogenous bases are heterocyclic compounds which are divided into two groups:
    purines (adenine, guanine) and pyrimidines (uracil, thymine, cytosine).
    Purine nitrogenous bases

    Adenine (A) Guanine (G)


    Pyrimidine nitrogenous bases

    Cytosine (C) Uracil (U) Thymine (T)


    Pentoses, which are involved to the nucleotide structure, are D-ribose (nucleotides, which
    contain ribose, are called ribonucleotides) or 2-deoxy-D-ribose (in deoxyribonucleotides).

    Ribose 2-deoxyribose

    Nucleosides are two-component molecules


    which contain nitrogen base and pentose.
    Chemically nucleosides are N-glycosides of
    pentose and nitrogen base. N-glycoside bond
    is formed by N-1 of pyrimidine nitrogen base Purine
    and C-1 of pentose or N-9 of purine nitrogen Pyrimidine
    base and C-1 of pentose.
    Phosphorylation of the certain hydroxyl
    groups of pentose leads to the nucleotide
    formation. Phosphorylation can occur at fifth,
    third or second carbon. Nucleotides consist
    of nucleosides and phosphates.
    Phosphate (H3PO4)
    Pentose
    Nomenclature of nucleosides and nucleotides

    Nucleic acids – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are high-
    molecular biopolymers (polynucleotides), which consist of the monomer units –
    mononucleotides. The single nucleotides are combined together to polynucleotide chain by
    phosphodiesteric bonds, which are formed between of 3` and 5` hydroxyl groups of
    pentoses of neighbour nucleotides.
    Nucleotide polarity. In the polynucleotide chain of DNA and RNA there are two ends: 5` end, which
    contains free 5` pentose hydroxyl; and 3` end which contains free 3` pentose hydroxyl. In the natural nucleic
    acids 5`-end (5`-hydroxyl of the ending ribose or deoxyribose) is usually phosphorylated, 3` end
    contains free OH group. Such nucleic acid is supposed to be polar and has the direction 5`→ 3`.
    Formation of trinucleotide (examples)
    A-U-C G-T-A
    In RNA structure In DNA structure
    Nitrogenous bases: A, U, G, C Nitrogenous bases: A, T, G, C
    Sugar - Ribose Sugar - 2-deoxyribose
    5` End 5` End

    N-glycoside
    bonds

    phospho
    diesteric
    bond

    3` End 3` End

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