Operator S Manual: A2/C10/H10/H15/H20/W10/W15

T e t r a P a k® P r o c e s s i n g C o m p o n e n t s
Operator´s Manual
Tetra Pak® Separator:

A2/C10/H10/H15/H20/W10/W15
Tetra Pak® Clarifier:
D15/D20/D25/T10/T14/T16
Tetra Pak® Bactofuge unit:
BB10
Product No. 881263-06-02/14 

Book No. 586600-02 Rev. 6
OPERATOR´S MANUAL
Published By:
Alfa Laval Tumba AB
SE-147 80 Tumba, Sweden
Telephone: +46 8 530 650 00
Telefax: +46 8 530 310 40
The original instructions are in English
© Alfa Laval Tumba AB 24 October 2014
This publication or any part there of may not be
reproduced or transmitted by any process or
means without prior written permission of
Alfa Laval Tumba AB.
2
586600-02
OPERATOR´S MANUAL
1 Safety Instructions ..................................................... .5

1.1 Warning signs in text ............................................. 11
1.2 Environmental issues ............................................ 12
1.3 Requirements of personnel.................................. 13
1.4 Remote start ............................................................. 13
2 Read This First ........................................................... .15
3 Basic Principles Of Separation ....................... .17

3.1 Separation By Gravity............................................ 17
3.2 Centrifugal Separation .......................................... 18
3.3 Temperatures ........................................................... 18
4 Design ............................................................................... .19

4.1 Overview .................................................................... 19
4.1.1 Mechanical power transmission .................................... 20
4.1.2 Motor ............................................................................. 21
4.1.3 Axial seals – 
cooling system .............................................................. 22
4.1.4 Process main parts........................................................ 24
4.1.5 Operating water module compact (OWMC) ................. 31
4.1.6 Cyclone ......................................................................... 37
4.1.7 Flushing ......................................................................... 38
4.1.8 Jackets in separator frame ............................................ 39
4.2 Sensors....................................................................... 40
4.2.1 Check points ................................................................. 41
4.3 Separating Function ............................................... 43
4.3.1 Light phase.................................................................... 45
4.3.2 Air penetration / inlet pressure ...................................... 45
4.3.3 Sediment discharge cycle............................................. 46
4.4 Factors influencing the separation result ...... 50
4.4.1 Viscosity and density..................................................... 50
4.4.2 Size and shape of sediment particles ........................... 50
4.4.3 Phase proportions ......................................................... 50
4.4.4 Throughput .................................................................... 50
4.4.5 Properties of the sediment ............................................ 50
4.4.6 Disc stack...................................................................... 51
4.4.7 Sediment discharge ...................................................... 51
4.5 Sediment discharge interval ............................... 52
4.5.1 Different sediment discharge volumes.......................... 52
4.5.2 Time interval .................................................................. 52
4.6 Definitions ................................................................. 54
5 Operating Instructions.......................................... .55

5.1 Operating routine .................................................... 55
5.1.1 Before first start ............................................................. 55
5.1.2 Ready for start ............................................................... 56
3
586600-02
OPERATOR´S MANUAL
5.1.3 Start ............................................................................... 58

5.1.4 Running ......................................................................... 61
5.1.5 Normal stop ................................................................... 63
5.1.6 Emergency stop ............................................................ 64
5.1.7 CIP (cleaning in place) .................................................. 65
6 Fault Finding ................................................................ .67

6.1 Mechanical functions............................................. 67
6.1.1 Smell .............................................................................. 67
6.1.2 Noise.............................................................................. 67
6.1.3 Axial seals...................................................................... 68
6.1.4 Separator vibrates ......................................................... 69
6.1.5 Starting power too high ................................................. 69
6.1.6 Starting power too low ................................................... 70
6.1.7 Speed too low ................................................................ 70
6.1.8 Starting time too long..................................................... 70
6.1.9 Water in worm gear housing.......................................... 70
6.2 Separating functions .............................................. 71
6.2.1 Unsatisfactory separation result .................................... 71
6.2.2 Bowl fails to open for sediment discharge .................... 71
6.2.3 Bowl opens accidentally during operation .................... 71
6.2.4 Unsatisfactory sediment discharge ............................... 72
6.2.5 Too much process liquid in sediment ............................ 72
6.2.6 High pressure in clean liquid outlet ............................... 72
6.2.7 Liquid flows through the bowl casing drain and/or 
sediment outlet .............................................................. 73
6.2.8 Air intermingles with the cleaned liquid......................... 74
6.2.9 Bowl clogged with sediment ......................................... 74
6.2.10 OWMC related faults...................................................... 75
4
586600-02
1 Safety Instructions
The centrifuge includes parts that rotate at

high speed. This means that:
 Kinetic energy is high
 Great forces are generated
G 0 0 10 42 1
 Stopping time is long
Manufacturing tolerances are extremely fine.

Rotating parts are carefully balanced to reduce
undesired vibrations that can cause a
breakdown. Material properties have been
considered carefully during design to withstand
stress and fatigue.
The separator is designed and supplied for a
specific separation duty (type of liquid,
rotational speed, temperature, density etc.) and
must not be used for any other purpose.
Incorrect operation and maintenance can result
in unbalance due to build-up of sediment,
reduction of material strength, etc., that
subsequently could lead to serious damage and/
or injury.
The following basic safety instructions
therefore apply:
 Use the separator only for the purpose and
parameter range specified by Alfa Laval.
Applies not only to the process but also to
cleaning and service liquids.
 Strictly follow the instructions for installation,
operation and maintenance.
 Ensure that personnel are competent and
have sufficient knowledge of maintenance
and operation, especially concerning
emergency stopping procedures.
S0151211
 Use only Alfa Laval genuine spare parts and

the special tools supplied.
5
1 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
Disintegration hazards
 When power cables are connected,

always check direction of motor rotation.
If incorrect, vital rotating parts could
unscrew.
S0 1 51 2F 1
 If excessive vibration occurs, stop
separator and keep bowl filled with
liquid during rundown.
S01 51 2 N1
 Use the separator only for the purpose
and parameter range specified by kPa m /h
3
Alfa Laval. 3
kg/m o
C

r/min
Hz
S0 15 12 P1
 Check that the gear/pulley ratio is
correct for power frequency used. If
incorrect, subsequent overspeed may
result in a serious break down.
50Hz
 If the separator is run by a variable
60Hz
frequency drive, it is extremely
S0 15 12 L1
important that the frequency does not

exceed the allowed maximum, to avoid
serious break down by too high speed.
 Wear on the large lock ring thread must

not exceed safety limit. -mark on lock
ring must not pass opposite -mark by A
more than specified distance.

(MA
S0 15 12 G 1
X2
5)
6
 Welding or heating of parts that rotate

can seriously affect material strength.
S01 51 2 41
 Inspect regularly for corrosion and
erosion damage. Inspect frequently if
process or cleaning liquid is corrosive
S01 51 2 H1
or erosive.
Crush hazards
 Use correct lifting tools and follow lifting

instructions.


S 01 51 2M 1


Do not work under a hanging load.
S01 5 12 Y1
7
Skin irritation hazards
 When using chemical cleaning agents,

make sure you follow the general rules
and suppliers recommendation
regarding ventilation, personnel
S0 15 12 D1
protection etc.
 Use of lubricants in various situations.
Cut hazards
 Sharp edges on bowl discs and threads

can cause cuts.
S 0 15 1 2B 1
Flying objects
 Risk for accidental release of snap rings

and springs when dismantling and
assembly.
S0 15 12 C1
8
Entrapment hazards
 Make sure that rotating parts have come 

to a complete standstill before
accessing parts inside the machine or
S 01 51 2O 1
starting any dismantling work.

If there is no braking function the run

down time can exceed two hours.



 To avoid accidental start, switch off and

lock power supply before starting any
dismantling work.

S01 5 12 61
Assemble the machine completely
before start. All covers, connections
and guards must be in place.
Electrical hazard
 Follow local regulations for electrical

installation and earthing (grounding).
 To avoid accidental start, switch off and
S0 15 12 7 1
lock power supply before starting any

dismantling work.
9
Noise hazards
 Use ear protection in noisy

environments.
S 01 51 29 1
Burn hazards
 Lubrication oil and various machine

surfaces can be hot and cause burns.
S0 15 1 2A 1
Health hazard
 Risk for unhealthy dust when handling

friction blocks/pads. Use a dust mask to
make sure not to inhale any dust. S01512V1
10
1.1 Warning signs in text

Pay attention to the safety instructions in this
manual. Below are definitions of the three
grades of warning signs used in the text where
there is a risk for injury to personnel.
GE R
! DAN
DANGER indicates an imminently

hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
will result in death or serious injury.
ING
WARN
!
WARNING indicates a potentially

could result in death or serious injury.
ON
CAUTI
!
CAUTION indicates a potentially

may result in minor or moderate injury.
NOTE
NOTE indicates a potentially hazardous

situation which, if not avoided, may result
in property damage.
11
1.2 Environmental issues
Unpacking
Packing material consists of wood, plastics,
cardboard boxes and in some cases metal
straps.
Wood and cardboard boxes can be reused,
recycled or used for energy recovery.
Plastics should be recycled or burnt at a
licensed waste incineration plant.
Metal straps should be sent for material
recycling.
Maintenance
During maintenance oil and wear parts in the
machine are replaced.
Oil must be taken care of in agreement with
local regulations.
Rubber and plastics should be burnt at a
licensed waste incineration plant. If not
available they should be disposed to a suitable
licensed land fill site.
Bearings and other metal parts should be sent
to a licensed handler for material recycling.
Seal rings should be disposed to a licensed land
fill site. Check your local regulations.
Worn out or defected electronic parts should be
sent to a licensed handler for material
recycling.
12
1 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
1.3 Requirements of
personnel
Only skilled or instructed persons are
allowed to operate the machine, e.g. operating
and maintenance staff.
 Skilled person: A person with technical
knowledge or sufficient experience to enable
him or her to perceive risks and to avoid
hazards which electricity/mechanics can
create.
 Instructed person: A person adequately
advised or supervised by a skilled person to
enable him or her to perceive risks and to
avoid hazards which electricity/mechanics
can create.
In some cases special skilled personnel may
need to be hired, like electricians and others. In
some of these cases the personnel has to be
certified according to local regulations with
experience of similar types of work.
1.4 Remote start

If the separator is operated from a remote
position where the separator cannot be seen or
heard the power isolation device shall be
equipped with an interlock device to prevent
that a remote start command could result in
liquid being fed to the separator when it is shut
down for service.
The first start after the separator has been
taken apart or been standing still for a long
time shall always be manually supervised
locally.
13
593731-02
SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL 1 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
14
593731-02
OPERATOR´S MANUAL 2 READ THIS FIRST
2 Read This First

This manual is designed for operators
working with the Alfa Laval separator.
If the separator has been delivered and

installed by Alfa Laval as a part of a
processing system, this manual should be
viewed as part of the System Documentation.
Study carefully all instructions in any
System Documentation.
In addition to this Operator´s Manual a

Service & Maintenance Manual, Installation
Manual and Spare Parts Catalogue (SPC) is
supplied.
The Operator´s Manual consists of:
Safety Instructions
Pay special attention to the safety instructions
for the separator. Accidents causing damage to
equipment and/or serious injury to persons or
personnel can result if the safety instructions
are not followed.
Basic Principles of Separation

This chapter describes the purpose of separation
and separation principles.
Design and function

This chapter contains a description of the
separator.
Operating Instructions
This chapter contains operating instructions for
the separator only.
Fault Finding
Refer to this chapter if the separator functions
abnormally.
586600-02 15
OPERATOR´S MANUAL 2 READ THIS FIRST
If the separator has been installed as a part of a

processing system, always refer to the trouble-
tracing instructions, in the System
Documentation.
NOTE
A complete reading of this manual by personnel in

contact with the machine is essential to safety.
Do not allow personnel to clean, assemble, operate
or maintain the separator until they have read and
fully understood this manual.
Ensure that all personnel who operate and service
the separator are well-trained and knowledgeable
concerning the machine and the work to be carried
out.
16
586600-02
OPERATOR´S MANUAL 3 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SEPARATION
3 Basic Principles Of Separation

The purpose of separation can be to
 free a liquid of solid particles,

 separate two mutually insoluble liquids
with different densities while removing
any solids present at the same time,
 separate and concentrate solid particles
from a liquid.
3.1 Separation By Gravity

A liquid mixture in a stationary bowl will clear
slowly as the heavy particles in the liquid
mixture sink to the bottom under the influence
of gravity.
A lighter liquid rises while a heavier liquid and
solids sink.
G 08 70 11 1
Continuous separation and sedimentation can be
achieved in a settling tank having outlets
arranged according to the difference in density of
the liquids.
Heavier particles in the liquid mixture will settle Gravity
and form a sediment layer on the tank bottom.
Lighter
liquid
Heavier
liquid Sediment layer of
heavier particles
G 0 87 02 1 1
586600-02 17
OPERATOR´S MANUAL 3 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SEPARATION
3.2 Centrifugal Separation

In a rapidly rotating bowl, the force of gravity
is replaced by centrifugal force, which is many Lighter liquid
times greater. Heavier liquid
Separation and sedimentation is continuous

and takes place very quickly.
The centrifugal force in the separator bowl can
achieve in a few seconds that which takes many
hours in a tank under influence of gravity.
The separation efficiency is influenced by
changes in the oil viscosity, separating
temperatures and in throughput.
G 0 87 03 1 1
Centrifugal force
3.3 Temperatures
For some types of process liquids a high
separating temperature will normally
increase the separation capacity. The
temperature influences oil viscosity and
density and should be kept constant
throughout the separation.
Viscosity Density difference

Viscosity is a fluids resistance against movement. Density is mass per volume unit. The greater the density
Low viscosity facilitates separation. Viscosity can be difference between the two liquids, the easier the
reduced by heating. separation. The density difference can be increased by
heating.
Low density difference

G 0 88 6 01 1
G 08 85 91 1
High density difference.

High viscosity Low viscosity
18
586600-02
OPERATOR´S MANUAL 4 DESIGN
4 Design
OWMC
Motor
G 08 70 6 V1
4.1 Overview With the OWMC the discharge volumes can be
regulated.
The separator comprises a processing part and
a driving part. It is driven by an electric motor. The inlet for the liquid to separate, the
The motor is flanged to the frame. separated liquid outlet and the outlet for the
concentrate are shown with connection
The bottom part of the separator contains the numbers in the illustration (201, 220, 221 &
horizontal driving device, driving shaft with a 222). The separator is also provided with
flexible coupling, a worm gear and a vertical connections for supply of operating liquid,
driving device. The bowl spindle is hollow and sealing liquid, flushing liquid and cooling/
its lower end is connected to the liquid inlet heating liquid. The connections are further
(201). described in chapter Connection list in the
Installation Manual.
The bottom part also contains an oil bath for
the worm gear. Concentrator - twin phase outlet
The upper part of the separator contains the The liquid is separated into two phases in the
processing parts, the bowl and the outlet separator bowl, one light liquid phase and one
device. heavy liquid phase. Heavier sediment is also
separated out of the liquid.
The bowl is fitted on the upper part of the
vertical spindle and rotates at high speed. The Clarifier - single phase outlet
bowl also contains the discharge mechanism
which empties sediment from the bowl.  In the bowl the liquid is separated from the
An operating water module, abbreviated heavier sediment.
OWMC initiates the sludge discharges for the
separator.
586600-02 19
4.1.1 Mechanical power

transmission
G 06 77 4T 1
The motor rotates the bowl via the flexible
coupling and the worm gear.
The worm gear has a ratio which increases the
bowl speed several times compared with the
motor speed. For correct ratio see the
To reduce bearing wear and the transmission of
bowl vibrations to the frame and foundation,
the top bearing of the bowl spindle is mounted
in a bearing support with rubber buffers.
The worm wheel runs in a lubricating oil bath.
The bearings on the spindle and the worm
wheel shaft are lubricated by the oil splash
produced by the rotating worm wheel.
To keep the oil temperature low, a cooling coil is
installed in the worm gear housing.
20
586600-02
4 DESIGN OPERATOR´S MANUAL
4.1.2 Motor
Frequency drive motor

The separator is direct driven by the motor, and
for this reason the motor must be able to
endure long run-up times. For this purpose this
separator is equipped with a frequency drive
motor, see the Installation Manual.
This motor is similar to a standard three phase
motor. The long running up time is, however,
controlled by a frequency converter, see the
21
586600-02
4.1.3 Axial seals – 

cooling system
During starting / separation / stopping

periods
During the starting / separation / stopping
periods, cooling water is fed to the seals
through connections (2 and 3).
The cooling water from the outlet seals
discharges through the sediment outlet (4) and
pipe (7). From the inlet seals the water flows
out through outlet (5).
Water pressure and flow – see Connection list
in Installation Manual.
1, 6 Cooling coil for oil bath.

2, 3 Cooling water inlet
4 Sediment outlet / cooling water outlet
5, 7 Indication tube for cooling water
9 Valve *)
10 Valve
*) Normally included in the control unit cabinet.
NOTE
The indication tubes (5 and 7 in the figure) provides

an easy means of visual indication that water is
being supplied to the seals. Note that the pipes (5
and 7) will also serve as an indication pipe for seal
leakage, if any. G0695231
22
586600-02
During separation
The cooling water flows in throughout the
separating period. The flushing water should
flow through the indication tube (7). The
flushing water should be clear and not
discoloured.
NOTE
If the flushing water is discoloured, this may be due

to leaking axial seals.
In cases of major leakage, the seals must, of

course, be inspected and possibly replaced. (See
Maintenance and Repair manual.)
Minor discoloration from possible seal leaks may
occur for a short time, especially when new seals
G0695331
have been installed. This does not affect the
running of the machine.
During cleaning (CIP)
To clean the space around the seals it is best to
draw off washing liquid from the heavy phase
outlet, by a valve (10). The solenoid valve (9) is
then closed.
G0695431
23
586600-02
4.1.4 Process main parts
Twin phase (concentrator)
Paring chamber Discharge housing
Impeller Light phase outlet

Intermediate part
Paring chamber
Impeller Heavy phase outlet
Outlet pipe
Height adjusting rings Small lock ring

Bowl hood
Distributor
Top disc
Wing crown
Disc stack
Cap nut Large lock ring
Bowl body
Distributing cone
Seal ring
Sediment port
Sediment space Sliding bowl

bottom
Drain channel
Operating slide Valve plug
Nozzle Operating ring
Hydraulic ring
G 10 2 27 11
Unseparated liquid inlet
24
586600-02
Single phase (clarifier)
Discharge housing
Paring chamber
Impeller
220 Heavy phase outlet
Outlet pipe

Bowl hood
Distributor
Wing crown Disc stack
Bowl body
Distributing cone
Seal ring
Sediment port
G 1 01 12 2 1
Sediment space Sliding bowl bottom
Drain channel
Nozzle Operating ring

Hydraulic ring
201
Unseparated liquid inlet
25
586600-02
Inlet device
The inlet for product (201) is located in bottom
of the separator. The product is led via the
hollow bowl spindle up into the bowl. Bowl spindle
The rotating bowl spindle and the non-rotating

inlet housing are sealed by a mechanical axial
seal. The main parts of the seal are the rotating
wear ring and the non-rotating seal ring.
To reduce the friction between the rings, these 616
must always be in contact with liquid when the
bowl rotates. The seal is therefore supplied
with sealing liquid (connections 615 & 616). 615
Inlet housing
201
G 0 83 00 F 1
26
586600-02
Outlet device twin phase concentrator
Impeller top
part
Impeller
bottom part
O-ring
Compression
spring
Holder for
wear ring 220 O-ring
Gasket
Wear ring
Seal ring Intermediate

221 part
Gasket
O-ring
Gasket
Seal ring
Wear ring Impeller bottom part
Gasket O-ring
Holder for Compression spring
wear ring
Holder for wear ring
Compression Gasket
spring
Wear ring
Spacing
sleeve Seal ring
O-ring Gasket
G 09 11 94 1
Impeller top
part
The outlet device consists mainly of the two impellers, one for the heavy liquid
phase (221) and one for the light liquid phase (220).
The impellers follow the rotation of the bowl and provide the necessary pressures
for the heavy and light phases. It is assumed that the separator is supplied with
adequate inlet pressure.
The connections in the outlet device are made airtight (hermetic sealed) from
each other by O-rings and mechanical seals. There are three seals for the outlets.
An axial seal consists of a rotating wear ring and a non-rotating seal ring.
The seals must always be flushed with liquid when the bowl rotates. The seals
are therefore supplied, through special channels (630 & 635) with flushing water,
and during the CIP-period with CIP-liquid.
A height adjusting ring determines the height position of the discharge housing
in relation to the impellers.
586600-02 27
Outlet device single phase clarifier

The 1-phase outlet device (clarifier) consists
mainly of a impeller for the cleaned liquid
phase (220).
The impeller follows the rotation of the bowl
and provides the necessary pressure for the
liquid phase. It is assumed that the separator is
supplied with adequate inlet pressure.
The liquid phase outlet is made airtight
(hermetic sealed) from the space between the
bowl and the frame hood by a mechanical seal.
An axial seal consists of a rotating wear ring (7)
and a non-rotating seal ring (5).
1. Stator holder
2. O-ring
3. Compression spring (302) 635
4. Driver
5. Seal ring
6. L-packing
7. Wear ring
8. Rotor holder
G 06 96 1 F1
The seal must always be flushed with liquid
when the bowl rotates. The seal is therefore
supplied, through a special channel (635) with
flushing water, and during the CIP-period with
CIP-liquid.
Connection 635 is for flushing of the seal.
A height adjusting ring determines the height
position of the discharge housing in relation to
the impeller.
28
586600-02
Separator bowl
Bowl hood
Distributor Top disc (twin phase only)

Wing crown Disc stack
Bowl body
Distributing cone
Seal ring
Sediment port
G 1 01 12 11
Sediment space Sliding bowl bottom
Drain channel
Nozzle Hydraulic ring Operating ring
The separator bowl with its sediment

discharge mechanism is built-up as follows:
The bowl body and bowl hood are held together
by the large lock ring. Inside the bowl are the
distributing cone, the distributor and the disc
stack. The disc stack is kept compressed by the
bowl hood. The sliding bowl bottom forms an
internal separate bottom in the bowl.
The bowl top is covered by the outlet pipe which
is tightened to the bowl hood by the small lock
ring.
The sediment space is the space between the
sliding bowl bottom and the bowl hood in the
bowl periphery. It is kept closed by the sliding
bowl bottom which seals against a seal ring in
the bowl hood.
29
586600-02
Sediment discharge mechanism

At intervals decided by the operator, the sliding
bowl bottom drops to empty the sediment from
the bowl.
The sediment discharge mechanism, which
controls the sliding bowl bottom, comprises the
operating slide and the operating liquid device
consisting of an operating ring; hydraulic ring
and a control paring disc. Passive parts are the
nozzle and the drain valve plugs. The operating
liquid device supplies discharge and make-up
water to the discharge mechanism via the
control paring disc.
The discharge liquid is injected by the
operating water module (OWMC), which is
further described next.
A closer description of the sediment discharge
mechanism can be found in ‘‘4.3.3 Sediment
discharge cycle” on page 46.
30
586600-02
4.1.5 Operating water module

compact (OWMC)
Purpose
The separator bowl can be emptied from solids
by two different sediment discharge volumes
determined by the duration of the increased
operating liquid flow from the Operating Water
Module Compact (OWMC), i.e. the time the
bowl is open. The two discharge volumes may
be regarded as small and large respectively. See
‘‘4.5.1 Different sediment discharge volumes”
on page 52 for a further description.
Design
1. Check valve A
2. Two-step adapter 375
3. Water cylinder
4. Piston
5. Servo valve
6. Air reservoir
7. Silencer
8. Needle valve
375. Inlet of discharge and make-up liquid to OWMC
506a. Air supply into air reservoir 1

506b. Signal air, small discharge
506c. Signal air, large discharge 2
3
A. Outlet of discharge and make-up liquid from
OWMC to bowl 4
5
6
The OWMC is designed as a stainless steel
construction consisting of an air reservoir (6), a
water cylinder (3) with piston (4) and a servo
valve (5). The module is equipped with
connections for air supply (506a) and signal air
(506b and c). 8
The OWMC is also equipped with a needle 7
valve (8) for regulating of air flow for the small
G 0 8 77 94 1
discharge and a silencer (7). 506c

506a 506b
31
586600-02
The OWMC gives a two-step flow which implies

that the liquid flows into a one channel system
in two steps, see the illustration below. The
first step creates a high liquid flow which
triggers a sediment discharge and the second
step (with a lower flow) will allow the bowl to
close while closing (make-up) liquid is added to
the bowl. The flow between the two steps is
very low.
Flow
Discharge water
Closing water
Time
Working principle
Introduction
The OWMC is working as an integrated part of
the operating water system in this separator. It
creates an instant increase in the liquid flow to
the separator discharge mechanism which will
initiate the sediment discharge. A complete
sediment discharge cycle is described in section
‘‘4.3.3 Sediment discharge cycle” on page 46.
G0878411
Compressed air from the control air system

(506) is reduced in an air pressure regulator
(11). From the regulator the air is supplied 4. Piston
5. Servo valve
directly into the air reservoir (6) via connection
6. Air reservoir
(506a). 7. Silencer
The signal air (connections 506b and c) is 8. Needle valve
controlled by solenoid valves (10), see the 10. Solenoid valve
illustration. When signal air is supplied to the 11. Air filter regulator with pressure indicator
servo valve (5), the piston inside the valve is 12. Control cabinet in safe area
moved to one side and air is supplied into the
reservoir under the piston (4). The piston (4) 506. Pressurized air inlet (~7 bar)
moves upwards and presses the liquid inside 506a. Air supply into air reservoir
506b. Signal air, small discharge
the water cylinder into the operating liquid 506c. Signal air, large discharge
system in the bowl bottom.
32
586600-02
Initiating a large sediment discharge

A
When the solenoid valve for a large discharge
activates inlet (506c), air is fed into the left side
of the servo valve (5) during a period of about 5
seconds. The piston inside the valve moves to
the right and the supply air (506a) in the air
reservoir (6) flows up into the space under the
piston (4) which then moves the piston
upwards. The movement of the piston increases
1
the flow of liquid (A) to the bowl discharge
mechanism in order to open the bowl. The
check valve (1) ensures that no water flows
back to the liquid supply system.
The air reservoir (6) acts as a buffer in order to
supply sufficient of air to the cylinder under the
piston during the sediment discharge cycle.
4
506c
5
506a 6
G 0 87 85 9 1
Operating liquid is supplied into the separator bowl
33
586600-02
When the solenoid valve for the signal air

(506c) is deactivated, the piston in the servo
valve (5) moves to its neutral position and air
in the cylinder under the piston (4) is drained
by the servo valve out through the silencer (7). 375
The operating liquid supply from the liquid
supply system (375) presses the piston (4) back 1
to its original bottom position.
506a 6
G 08 78 5A 1
7
Operating liquid is supplied into the OWMC from the
liquid supply system (375)
34
586600-02
Initiating a small discharge

When the solenoid valve for a small discharge
activates inlet (506b), air is fed into the right
side of the servo valve (5) during a period of
about 5 seconds. The piston inside the valve
moves to the left and air is supplied into the
cylinder below the piston (4) via the valve. The
air flow is reduced when it passes the needle
valve (8).
A reduced air flow will result in a lower flow of
operating liquid into the bowl. This liquid is
continuously drained from the bowl. Because of
the lower flow, a larger amount of operating
liquid will be drained out from the bowl before
sufficient volume of the liquid has been built up
to create a sediment discharge. This implies
that the time the bowl is open for a sediment
discharge is shorter which will give a smaller
amount of discharged sediment i.e. small
discharge.
G 0 87 85 C1
Operating liquid is supplied into the centrifuge bowl

with a lower flow
35
586600-02
Settings
Start to set the large discharge volume.
Proceed in following way:
1 Set the air pressure regulator (11) to 200 kPa
(2 bar).
2 Initiate a discharge by opening solenoid
valve for air supply inlet (506c).
3 Measure the discharged volume.
4 Adjust the discharged volume by altering the
pressure of the compressed air. A higher
pressure gives a larger volume. The air
pressure can be regulated between
2 - 6 bar.
G0878411
Continue with the small discharge in following
way:
1 Open the needle valve (8) 3 turns.
2 Initiate a discharge by opening solenoid
valve for air supply inlet (506b).
3 Measure the discharged volume.
The recommended volume for a small
discharge is the sediment space volume of
the bowl given in the Technical data in the
4 Adjust the discharged volume by regulating
the needle valve. A more open valve (anti-
clockwise) gives a larger volume.
NOTE
Do not adjust the air pressure to change the

volume for the small discharge. If doing so, the
volumes for both large and small discharges
will be changed.
The needle valve only sets the ratio between the
large and small discharges.
NOTE
The separator bowl must not be discharged

with a too small volume as this leads to build-up
of sediment in the sediment space as well as in
the disc stack resulting in an impaired
separation efficiency.
36
586600-02
4.1.6 Cyclone
When accumulated sediment in the bowl is
discharged, it leaves the bowl at high speed. To
prevent reaction forces on the separator this
speed must be reduced before the sediment
leaves the separator. This is done in the outlet
cyclone where the sediment will rotate while its
speed is gradually reduced by the wall friction
until its speed is low enough to be discharged
by gravity by outlet 222.
When the sediment is suddenly discharged into
the cyclone there will be a positive gas pressure
shock in the cyclone and a corresponding
negative pressure shock in bowl enclosure
G 0 96 43 A 1
because a certain volume of material is
222
suddenly moved from one region to another.
After the discharge the pressure will be
equalized by back flow of gas from the cyclone
to the bowl enclosure. This back flow will
contain some sediment that might cause build
up of sediment deposits on the surfaces in the
bowl cover. A part of the pressure shock will
also go out by the connection 222 into the
external sediment receiving system where it
can damage the system or spread aerosols to
the surroundings.
The cyclone is equipped with one blocked
connections at the top. It can be used for
ventilation of the cyclone which will reduce the
pressure shock at a sediment discharge. If the
cyclone is full and the discharged sediment can
not leave the bowl enclosure then the rotating
bowl can hit the discharged sediment which
will cause the separator to stop by overload
and/or vibration that might damage the
equipment.
37
586600-02
4.1.7 Flushing
To avoid sediment deposits inside the bowl
enclosure, the separator is equipped with
several flushing possibilities.
One flushing inlet is placed in the sediment
channel (connection 304) to clean this channel
and one nozzle is placed below the bowl
(connection (303) to clean the inside of the
frame top part and outside of bowl.
How to use the flushing possibilities depends 303
on the process and the properties of the
product. In many cases no flushing at all is 304
needed. In other cases it is only done at CIP
(cleaning in place) and in some cases both at
production and CIP.
Normally flushing is done in connection with
G 0 96 4 3B 1
discharges. A typical sequence is that a few
seconds flush is given to wet the surfaces just
before the discharge. When the main part of the
discharged sediment has drained from the
cyclone a new flush is done to remove the final
part of the sediment. Possibly another flush can
be done after a new draining period. If the
separator is supervised by a control system
which controls the flushing the timers ought to
be adjustable so the flushing can be adapted to
suit the actual requirements.
When making a flush it could be possible to
feed flushing liquid to all flushing connections
at the same time. To minimize the flushing
liquid consumption and dilution of the
discharged sediment it is however of advantage
if the different flushing points could be
controlled individually.
38
586600-02
4.1.8 Jackets in separator frame

The frame top part and the frame hood are
equipped with jackets connected in series with
the inlet at connection 405 and the outlet at
connection 406. There are several purposes
with these jackets. One purpose is noise
suppression as a filled jacket will work as a
sound barrier. Another purpose is to cool the
bowl. When the bowl is rotating it is heated up
by air friction. If the bowl is operating without
feed and with no flow in the jackets then the
temperature might increase to a higher level
than the design temperature for the bowl which
means that it can be damaged. For this reason
there is a time limitation given in chapter
Technical data for running with no flow in the
bowl. This limitation is valid if the bowl is at
ambient temperature when the time
G 0 9 64 5B 1
calculation starts. If cooling liquid is supplied
to the jacket then the risk of getting too high
bowl temperature is reduced. If the flow of
cooling liquid is supervised then the time can
be prolonged.
The purpose of cooling with the jackets can also
be to prevent sediment on the inside surfaces of
the bowl enclosure to dry and build up deposits
on these surfaces. Still another purpose of
cooling is to cool or avoid unnecessary heating
up of the discharged sediment if this is
temperature sensitive.
The jackets can also be used to heat the
discharged sediment if this is needed to keep
the viscosity low or avoid solidifying. In such
cases the time for running in stand-by without
flow in the bowl must be reduced and if jacket
temperature is close to bowl design
temperature no such running is allowed.
The jackets are not designed for high pressure
which means that only low back pressure or no
back pressure at all can be applied on the
jacket outlet. If too high back pressure is used
it can deform and damage the separator. See
requirements/limits in chapter Connection list
in the Installation Manual.
39
586600-02
4.2 Sensors
Speed sensor Vibration sensor
The proximity speed sensor is of inductive type, giving a The vibration sensor is of accelerometer type.
number of pulses per revolution of the spindle shaft. The When any of the two limit values is exceeded appropriate
number of pulses is stated in chapter Connection list in the countermeasures should be undertaken. The two levels are
Installation Manual. The bowl speed may also be calculated warning for unacceptable vibrations and safety stop
from the gear ratio and the r/minute of the motor shaft. respectively in case of extreme unbalance. The vibration
During normal operation the speed is allowed to vary within levels are further described in chapter Interface description
speed limits described in chapter Interface description in the in the Installation manual.
Installation manual.
Cover interlocking switch
Pressure transmitter
The cover of the separator is equipped with an interlocking
For technical references see the Installation Manual. switch. When cover is closed the interlocking circuit in the
control system is closed which makes it possible to start the
separator. See Cover interlocking switch in the Installation
Manual.
Cover interlocking switch
Speed sensor
Pressure
transmitter
G 08 7 00 F1
Vibration
sensor
40
586600-02
4.2.1 Check points
Speed sensor
 Check that the electrical cables and
connections are not damaged.
 Check the clearance, 2 + 0,5 mm according
to the drawing.
 Check that the sensor and its bracket are
well attached. The tightening torque of the
nuts fixing the sensor in the bracket are 50
Nm.
Vibration sensor
 Check that the sensor is well attached to the
frame. If the sensor has to be tightened:
– check that the contact surfaces on the
sensor and separator frame are clean.
– Tighten torque when mounting the sensor:
35 Nm.
Pressure transmitter
41
586600-02
Cover interlocking kit

 Check that the screws fixing the switch to the
frame are tightened.
 When the button is pushed, check that the
brown and blue wires are short-circuited and
the two black wires are open circuit.

Check also the reverse when the button not
pressed.

See the illustration for exact measurement
when the button is operated.
Contact closed
Contact open
For technical references see the Installation
G 05 4 81 41
Manual.
42
586600-02
4.3 Separating Function 29

2
Concentrator bowl (twin phase) 220
The concentrator bowl has two liquid outlets. 4
Unseparated liquid (201) is fed into the bowl
through the bowl spindle (18) and is forced via 221
the distributor (23) and distributing cone (24)
towards the periphery of the bowl.
When the liquid reaches the holes in the 24
distributor, it will rise through the channels
formed by the disc stack (8) where it is evenly 23 7
distributed and divided among the interspaces
22
between the bowl discs, where the liquid 8
phases are separated from each other by action
of the centrifugal force.
The heavy phase and any sediment move along
the underside of the bowl discs towards the
periphery of the bowl, where the sediment
accumulates in the sediment space (22). The
heavy phase (221) proceeds along the upper
side of the top disc (7) towards the neck of the
bowl hood and leaves the bowl via the impeller
(4) - the outer way.
The light phase (220) moves along the upper
side of the bowl discs towards the bowl centre
and leaves the bowl via the outlet pipe (29) and
impeller (2) - the inner way.
303
18
G 05 03 7R 1
201
43
586600-02
Clarifier bowl (single liquid outlet) 2

Unseparated liquid (201) is fed into the bowl
through the hollow bowl spindle (17) and is 28 220
forced via the distributor (22) and distributing
cone (23) towards the periphery of the bowl.
When the liquid reaches the holes in the
7
distributor, it will rise through the channels 23
formed by the disc stack (7) where it is evenly
22
distributed and divided among the interspaces
between the bowl discs, where the liquid phase 21
is separated from the heavy phase (sediment)
by action of the centrifugal force.
The sediment moves along the underside of the
bowl discs towards the periphery of the bowl,
where it accumulates in the sediment space
(21).
The liquid phase (220) moves along the upper
side of the bowl discs towards the bowl centre
and leaves the bowl via the outlet pipe (28) and
impeller (2).
303
17
201
G05037H1
44
586600-02
4.3.1 Light phase

Twin phase separators only
Decreased light phase 

counterpressure ➞ lower concentration
Increased light phase 
counterpressure ➞ higher
concentration
The light phase flow and thus the
concentration of the light phase are determined
G0699721
by the pressure difference between the two
outlets. With one and the same throughput a
certain pressure difference will always give the A. Light phase
same light phase flow. With higher B. Heavy phase
counterpressure in the light phase outlet pipe
the light phase concentration will be higher.
4.3.2 Air penetration / inlet pressure

A prerequisite for satisfactory separation is
that air is prevented from mixing with the
process liquid.
Air penetration can occur for instance if the
pressure in front of the inlet device is too low or
if the balance vessel suddenly becomes empty.
This can be caused by a careless change-over of
tanks, incorrect dimensions or by changing at
the incorrect time. Even simultaneous filling
and emptying of a tank can result in admixture
of air.
Make sure, therefore, that the inlet pressure is
kept at the recommended value and that the
balance vessel is always full. In the vessel, the
G0699811
liquid should flow gently without bubbling.
45
586600-02
4.3.3 Sediment discharge cycle
The illustrations in this description of a sediment discharge cycle are of a general nature and
do not necessarily correspond exactly to the actual bowl
.
R1
R2
10
11
12
20
19
13
G 09 6 48 E 1
375 R3
S01240C1
S0124051
Operating liquid (375) Sediment
Closed bowl (normal operation) The operating liquid exerts an upward pressure
Discharge of the solids takes place through a on the sliding bowl bottom (12) exceeding the
number of slots or ports (11) in the bowl counter-acting downward pressure from the
wall. Between discharges, these ports are process liquid, because the underside of the
closed by a large valve slide, the so-called sliding bowl bottom has a larger pressure surface
sliding bowl bottom (12), which constitutes (radius R1) than its upper side (radius R2).
an inner bottom in the separating space. The
Operating liquid (375) is supplied at the
sliding bowl bottom is forced upwards
underside of the bowl through a paring disc
against a seal ring (10) by the liquid force
device. Leakage or evaporation of operating
acting on its underside.
liquid is made up for automatically by the paring
The operating slide (13) is pressed upwards disc, which maintains a constant operating
by the hydraulic force and the valve plugs liquid level (radius R3) as its pumping effect
(19) then cover the drain channels (20). counter balances the static pressure from the
supply. During a sediment ejection, this feed of
During rotation, the pressure of the liquid
operating liquid continues even during the
increases with the distance from the axis of
ejection cycle described in the following
rotation because of the centrifugal force.
illustrations.
46
586600-02
12
20
19
13
G 0 96 48 F1
18 375 R3
Bowl opens for discharge

Pressurized operating liquid injected by the
OWMC is now supplied at a higher rate of flow
for a number of seconds (see ‘‘4.1.5 Operating
water module compact (OWMC)” on page 31 for
a further description). The liquid flows to the
chamber (radius R3) and through a channel up
to the upper side of the operating slide (13).
When the liquid flows out towards the
operating slide periphery it is throttled by a
nozzle (18).
The operating liquid pressure on the upper side
of the operating slide (before the nozzle)
overcomes the hydraulic force and the
operating slide is pressed downwards. The
valve plugs (19) open and the closing liquid
drains out via the drain channels (20) as
illustrated on next page.
47
586600-02
11
12
20
19
13
G 09 64 8G 1
18 375 R3
When the valve plugs (19) are opened, the

operating liquid pressure on the underside of
the sliding bowl bottom (12) is reduced. The
sliding bowl bottom is pressed downwards,
thereby uncovering the sediment ports (11) in
the bowl wall through which the sediment
discharges.
48
586600-02
12
20
19
13
G 09 64 8H 1
18 375
Bowl closes after discharge

After that the injection of operating liquid by
the OWMC has ended and most of the liquid
has been drained from the upper side of the
operating slide (13) via the nozzle (18), the
forces directed upwards on the operating slide
from the hydraulic force move the operating
slide upwards.
The drain channels (20) are closed by the drain
valve plugs (19) and the increasing force from
the operating liquid presses the sliding bowl
bottom (12) upwards. The bowl closes and the
sediment discharge has been accomplished.
The remaining opening water above the
operating slide leaves the separator.
49
586600-02
4.4 Factors influencing

the separation result
4.4.1 Viscosity and density
See ‘‘3.3 Temperatures” on page 18.
4.4.2 Size and shape of sediment
particles
The round and smooth sediment particle (A) is x
more easily separated out than the irregular A
one (B).
Rough treatment, for instance in pumps, may B
cause a splitting of the particles resulting in
slower separation. Larger particles (1) are more
easily separated out than smaller ones (2) even
if they have the same density.
y
4.4.3 Phase proportions
G0613321
An increased quantity of heavier phase in a 2 1
process liquid will influence the separating 1. Large particle
result through the optimum transporting 2. Small particle
capacity of the disc set. An increased A. Smooth particle
B. Irregular particle
concentration in the process liquid can be x. Throughput
compensated by reducing the throughput in y. Particle size
order to restore the optimum separating
efficiency.
4.4.4 Throughput
The throughput depends on the separating
ability and the sediment space volume of the
bowl relative to the concentration, particle size,
density and viscosity of the process liquid.
4.4.5 Properties of the sediment

Some types of sediment can through adhesion
form deposits in the bowl, thereby reducing the
G0677541
separating efficiency. In such cases the cleaning

procedure after separation must be adjusted.
The sediment space in separator bowl
50
586600-02
4.4.6 Disc stack

A neglected disc stack – containing deformed
discs or discs coated with deposits – will impair
the separating result.
4.4.7 Sediment discharge
With a high content of solids in the process
liquid discharges are required at shorter
intervals. An overfilled sediment space impairs
the quality of the separated liquid. However,
keep the discharge within the min. and max.
time stated in chapter Technical data in the
Installation Manual. How to calculate the
discharge interval is described in ‘‘4.5 Sediment
discharge interval” on page 52.
G0677731
Never overfill the sediment space
51
586600-02
4.5 Sediment discharge

interval
4.5.1 Different sediment discharge

volumes
The separator is of a controlled partial-
discharge type. The bowl of the separator can
be emptied from solids by two different
sediment discharge volumes determined by the
duration of the increased operating liquid flow
from the operating water module (OWMC), i.e.
the time the bowl is being open.
The volume of the sediment discharge has to be
chosen in accordance with the process condition
and the prevailing process flow. The following
exemplifies the difference between two
different sediment discharge volumes.
G0830811
 A normal sediment discharge is represented
by the volume (X). This discharge may be
regarded as “small” and should as a rule be Small discharge volume
used in order to avoid loss of process liquid.
 A sediment discharge used during e.g. a
stand by program is represented by the
volume (Y). This discharge may be regarded
as “large” and is used for obtaining a large
discharge volume from the separator bowl.
The operating water module (OWMC) is
described in ‘‘4.1.5 Operating water module
compact (OWMC)” on page 31.
G0830821
Large discharge volume
4.5.2 Time interval

The appropriate time to be chosen between
sediment discharges depends on local
conditions because many factors influence
accumulation and hardening of sediment
between discharges. However, keep the
discharge interval within the min. and max.
time stated in chapter Technical data.
52
586600-02
Long intervals between sediment discharges

can cause accumulation and compaction of
sediment. The sediment may then break-up
unevenly on discharge and cause the bowl to
become unbalanced. If such unbalance is too
large, there is risk of serious separator damage
and injury to personnel.
ING
WARN
!
Disintegration Hazards
Ensure that correct discharge intervals and
cleaning procedures are used.
Unbalance due to improper discharge of
solids may lead to solids accumulation and
unbalance which may lead to contact between
rotating and non-rotating parts.
If the solids content of the process liquid

expressed in per cent by volume of wet
sediment is known or can be established (for
instance in a test-tube centrifuge), the formula
below can serve as a guidance for the selection
of sediment ejection intervals.
t = Theoretic maximum time in minutes

between two ejections.
p = Percent by volume of wet sediment in the
process liquid.
G0697931
Q = Throughput in litres/hour.
V = The sediment volume (in litres or dm3) 1. Total sediment space volume
V. Allowed sediment volume
which may be allowed to accumulate in
the bowl without impairing the
separating result or without packing too
firmly. As a rule, “V” should be maximum
three quarters of the sediment space volume,
calculated from the outer edge of the top disc.
The sediment space volume can be found in
chapter Technical data.
53
586600-02
4.6 Definitions
Back pressure Pressure in the separator outlet.
Concentration Liquid/liquid/solids separation with the intention of
separating two intermixed and mutually insoluble liquid
phases of different densities. Solids having a higher
density than the liquids can be removed at the same time.
The heavier liquid phase, which is the major part of the
mixture, shall be concentrated as far as possible.
Clarification Liquid/solids separation with the intention of separating
particles, normally solids, from a liquid having a lower
density than the particles.
Counter pressure See Back pressure.
Density Mass per volume unit.
Interface Boundary layer between the heavy phase (outer) and the
light phase (inner) in a separator bowl.
Intermediate Service (IS) Overhaul of separator bowl, inlet/outlet and operating
liquid device. Renewal of seals in bowl inlet/outlet and
operating liquid device.
Liquid seal Liquid in the solids space of the separator bowl to prevent
the light phase from leaving the bowl through the heavy
phase outlet, in purifier mode.
Major Service (MS) Overhaul of the complete separator, including bottom part
(and activities included in an Intermediate Service, if
any). Renewal of seals and bearings in bottom part.
Sediment Solids separated from a liquid.
Sediment discharge Ejection of sediment from the separator bowl.
Throughput The feed of process liquid to the separator per time unit.
Viscosity Fluid resistance against movement.
54
586600-02
OPERATOR´S MANUAL 5 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
5 Operating Instructions
These operating instructions describe routine
procedures to follow before and during the
start, running and stopping sequences of the
separator.
If system documentation is available, always

follow the operating instructions therein. If
there is no system documentation, the
instructions below are to be followed.
5.1 Operating routine
5.1.1 Before first start

Technical demands for connections and logical
limitations for the separator is described in the
following documents in the Installation Manual:
– Technical data
– Basic size drawing
– Connection list
– Interface description
– Foundation drawing
Before first start the following check points shall
be checked:
 Ensure the machine is installed correctly and
that feed-lines and drains have been flushed
clean.
 Fill oil in the gear housing. Fill up to slightly
above the middle of the sight glass. Use the
correct grade of oil. 

Oil volume: approx. 12,5 litres.
Suitable oil brands can be found in the
Service & Maintenance Manual.
G0262011
 After the separator has been started, the

discharge volumes at sediment ejections has
to be set. This is described in chapter  Fill oil in the gear housing
‘‘ Settings” on page 36.
586600-02 55
5.1.2 Ready for start

To achieve the best separation results the bowl
should be in a clean condition.
1 Check that the bolts of the frame hood are
fully tightened.
2 Check that all inlet and outlet connections
have been correctly made and properly
tightened.
S0009821
ON
CAUTI
! Check for leakages (not admitted)
Burn and corrosive hazards

Make sure that hose connections and flange
couplings are properly assembled and
tightened.
Escaping hot and/or corrosive liquid can

cause skin injuries.
3 Check that the oil level is slightly above

middle of the sight glass.

Be aware of that a very small quantity of oil
may remain at the bottom edge of the sight
glass even when the gear housing is
emptied for oil.

G0262011
Fill if necessary. See chapter Recommended
oil brands in the Service & Maintenance
Check the oil level
Manual for a list of recommended oils.
NOTE
During running the oil level should be slightly

below the middle of the sight glass.
Too much or too little oil can damage the
separating bearings.
56
586600-02
5 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS OPERATOR´S MANUAL
4 Check that the frequency converter is set to

parameters corresponding to the Bowl
speed synchronous specified in Technical
data in the Installation Manual.
ON
CAUTI
!
Disintegration Hazard
This machine must not be operated with
higher bowl speed than max. allowed speed;
6240 r/minute.
57
586600-02
5.1.3 Start
1 Open the cooling / sealing liquid supplies
a Open following cooling / sealing liquid

supplies;
630 (only twin phase)

- Cooling liquid for frame part (405)

- Cooling liquid for oil cooler (409)
- Sealing liquid for outlet device (630 & 635)

635

G 0 96 4 39 1
- Sealing liquid for inlet device (615). 

Be sure that liquid flows through the outlet
before starting the separator.
Drain hole
Sealing liquid outlet (A)
NOTE
616
To reduce the friction between
sealing element and wear ring in
the mechanical seals, these
must always be in contact with 615
liquid when the bowl spindle
rotates Otherwise the seals will
get destroyed. Sealing liquid inlet
If liquid comes out from the drain holes (A) above the
inlet housing the liquid flow is too high or the outlet is
obstructed or discharged on a too high level. The
requirements for the flow can be found in chapter
Connection list in the Installation Manual.
201
G 0 8 30 0F 1
b Start the separator.
58
586600-02
2 Check the direction of rotation
S00 6 88 21
a Check the direction of rotation of the
bowl by checking that the direction ING
WARN
of the motor fan corresponds to the !
arrow on the plate fixed on the
motor.
Disintegration hazard
When power cables have
been connected, always
check direction of rotation.
If incorrect, vital rotating
parts could unscrew.
b Check the separator for vibration.

Some vibration can occur for short
periods during the starting cycle,
when the separator passes through
its critical speeds. This is normal
and passes without danger. Try to
learn the vibration characteristics of
the critical speed pattern.

In the trouble-tracing chapter
‘‘6.1.4 Separator vibrates” on page
69, a number of causes are
described that can create vibration.
S0 05 56 11
ING
WARN
!
When excessive vibration occurs, keep bowl
filled and stop separator.
The cause of the vibration must be identified
and rectified before the separator is
restarted. Excessive vibration may be due to
incorrect assembly or insufficient cleaning of
the bowl.
59
586600-02
3 Check that the separator has reached full speed
a Check, if possible, the current

drawn by the motor starter to ensure
ING
that the separator has reached full WARN
speed. !

The time to reach full speed may not
exceed the limit given in chapter
When the separator is equipped with
Technical data.
a frequency controlled motor, it is
extremely important to ensure that
the motor speed does not exceed the
allowed maximum speed. A serious
break down may be the
consequence.
Frequency drive motor

During start the ammeter will increase
to about the rated motor current. At full
speed the ammeter decrease to an
idling value.
60
586600-02
5.1.4 Running
1 Open outlets and the process liquid feed
a Make sure that the outlets for

the separated liquids (220 &
221) are fully open. 220 (only twin phase)
b When the process liquid

conditions are correct, open
the process liquid feed (201)
and adjust to a suitable
throughput. This must not
exceed the flow permissible
and must be suited to the
separability of the process
liquid, see Connection List in
the Installation Manual.
G 08 70 6V 1
2 Discharge the sediment from the separator
a Discharge the sediment from the separator

when the interval time for the sediment ING
WARN
discharge has elapsed. The discharge is !
initiated by supplying discharge liquid (375)
until the discharge has occurred. The
discharge interval must be adjusted Disintegration hazard
according to the solid contents in the feed. Ensure that correct discharge
See Sediment discharge interval on page 52 intervals and cleaning procedures
how to calculate the discharge interval. are used.
Unbalance due to improper
Keep the discharge interval within the values
discharge of solids may lead to
given in chapter Technical data
solids accumulation and unbalance
which may lead to contact between
rotating and non-rotating parts.
61
586600-02
3 Daily condition checks
a Check all pipe and hose

connections for leakage.
ING
WARN
!
Burn and corrosive hazards

b Check the mechanical seals for possible leakages
Make sure that hose connections and flange
S00 0 98 21
from the in and outlet devices in following way:
couplings are not leaking.
Escaping hot and/or corrosive liquid can
-Shut off the sealing liquid supply (615 & 630) to cause skin injuries.
the axial seals for a short while.

-Check at the outlets for possible leakage. Major
leaks must not occur. Minor leaks may temporarily
be left uncorrected. NOTE
It must be liquid flow through the bowl.

-Open the sealing liquid supply again.
c Check that the cooling / sealing liquid flows are NOTE

sufficient (connections 405, 409, 615, 630, 635).
630 (only twin phase)
d Check the separator for

noise and vibration.
ING
WARN
!
When excessive vibration occurs, keep bowl
filled and stop separator.
and rectified before the separator is restarted.
S0 0 55 61 1
e Check the oil level in gear

housing.
Fill if necessary. See chapter NOTE
Recommended lubricants in
the Service & Maintenance Burn and corrosive hazards
Manual. During running the oil level should be
slightly below the middle of the sight glass.
Too much or too little oil can damage the
G 0 2 62 01 1
separator bearings.
f Check the electric motor for overheating.
62
586600-02
5.1.5 Normal stop
1 Stopping the separator
a Empty the separator bowl totally from solids

before stopping it. If not, a manual cleaning
has to be done before next start-up.  ING
WARN
 !
Discharge repeatedly until solids no longer is
remained in the bowl. The bowl must be filled
with liquid during the discharges.
The bowl must always be filled with liquid
during the run-down period to prevent
excessive vibration if there is uneven sludge
accumulation in the bowl.
b After the discharges and flushing, supply

liquid to the bowl and stop the separator with
the bowl filled.
c After the bowl has come to a complete
G 0 9 64 5A 1
standstill, turn off the sealing and cooling
liquid.
NOTE
221, 630 & 631 (only twin phase)
63
586600-02
5.1.6 Emergency stop
1 Stopping the separator
a If the separator begins to vibrate excessively

during operation, stop it immediately by
switching off the separator motor, e.g. by
pushing the safety stop button.

Keep the bowl filled during the run-down to
minimize the excessive vibration.
S0 00 99 1 1
b Evacuate the room. The separator may be
hazardous when passing its critical speeds
during the run-down.
ING
WARN CAUTI
ON
! !
Disintegration hazards Disintegration hazards
Do not discharge an excessive After a safety stop the cause of the
vibrating separator. fault must be identified.
Out-of-balance vibration can become If all parts have been checked and
worse if only part of the sediment is the cause remains unclear, contact
discharged. Alfa Laval for advice.
64
586600-02
5.1.7 CIP (cleaning in place)
Main principles of a CIP program

CIP is used to keep the separator clean and
thereby preventing heavy displacement,
clogging of disc stack and to avoid micro-
biological infection. The use of CIP together
with repeated sediment discharges prolongs
the intervals between manual cleaning of the
separator.
No general rules can be given for frequency and
type of CIP to be used as this depends on the
properties of the product to be separated. The
CIP frequency also depends on the
requirements of the cleaning result regarding
micro-organisms.
The CIP liquids to be used is also dependent on
product properties and cleaning requirements.
Example of a CIP program:
Media Tempera- Reason Time No. of Notes

ture period discharges
(minutes) per period
1. Water Hot or cold* Primary 5 5 Used water usually passes to

flushing drain
2. Lye 70 - 80 °C Dissolving 30 - 60 6 - 12 The lye is normally recirculated

(NaOH)  protein
1 - 2% deposits
3. Water Hot or cold* Flushing 5-10 3-5 Used water normally either
passes to drain (before or after
heat recovery) or is re
circulated.
4. Nitric 70 °C Dissolving 5-10 3-5 If soft water is used, acid

acid 1% inorganic washing is only required a few
deposits times a year. In this case the
(primarily return can pass to drain.
calcium salts) If hard water is used, acid
washing will perhaps be
required at every CIP. In this
case a recirculating system
should be used.
5. Water Hot /  Flushing and 10 5 Return as for 3 above

90 - 95 °C sterilizing

* Temperature depending on application
65
586600-02
66
586600-02
OPERATOR´S MANUAL 6 FAULT FINDING
6 Fault Finding
These fault finding instructions are for the
separator only.
If a fault occurs, study the System

Documentation fault finding section (if
applicable).
6.1 Mechanical functions
6.1.1 Smell
Cause Corrective actions
Bearing is damaged Renew
Oil level in gear housing is too low Check oil level and add oil if necessary
6.1.2 Noise
Oil level in gear housing is too low Check oil level and add oil if necessary
Height adjustment of the outlet device for processed liquid Stop the separator, measure and adjust the height
is incorrect
Worm wheel and worm are worn Renew worm wheel and worm
Bearing is damaged or worn Renew
Incorrect play between elastic plates in coupling Adjust the play
586600-02 67
6.1.3 Axial seals

Indication Cause Corrective actions
Product discharging through Bowl is open or untight See ‘‘6.2.7 Liquid flows through the bowl
cyclone outlet during operation casing drain and/or sediment outlet” on
page 73
Outlet seals are leaky  Remove cooling pipes.
 Check for leakage at cooling
connections.
 Cream leakage – seal leaky.
 Skimmilk leakage – seal leaky.
 Skimmilk leakage in cyclone outlet –
axial seal leaky.
 Exchange the defective seal. See also
below.
Product flows from cooling water Inlet seal is leaky Exchange the seal. See also below
outlet of inlet
Leaky seal Normal wear –
Separator has been run without Seals must never run dry. Always check
contact between seals and liquid that liquid is fed to the seals
Deposits have formed on seals Adjust the cleaning programme
because of insufficient cleaning
programme
Bowl is out of balance. Does not See ‘‘6.1.4 Separator vibrates” on page 69
refer to inlet seal.
Frame hood is not centered in Adjust the centering ring
relation to the outlet pipe*
High product outlet pressures (e.g. The axial seals must not be subjected to
because a discharge conduit has pressures above 600 kPa (6 bar).
been closed unintentionally
68
586600-02
6 FAULT FINDING OPERATOR´S MANUAL
6.1.4 Separator vibrates
NOTE
Some vibration is normal during the starting

and stopping sequences when the separator
passes through its critical speed.
ING
WARN
!
If excessive vibration occurs, stop separator
and keep bowl filled with liquid during rundown.
and corrected before the separator is restarted.

Bowl out of balance due to: Dismantle the separator and check the assembly and
- poor cleaning cleaning.
- incorrect assembly Check the number of bowl discs, compare with the number
in Spare Parts Catalogue. If necessary, rebalance the
- incorrect disc stack compression bowl.
- bowl assembled with parts from other separators
Uneven sediment deposits in sediment space Dismantle and clean the separator bowl
Bowl spindle bent (max 0,05 mm) Renew the bowl spindle
Vibration damping rubber cushions are worn out Renew all rubber cushion
6.1.5 Starting power too high

Wrong direction of rotation Change electrical phase connections to the motor
Wrong settings of the frequency converter Check the parameter settings in Technical data, Motor
drive data and Guidelines for frequency converter drives in
69
586600-02
6.1.6 Starting power too low
Motor failure Repair/renew the motor
6.1.7 Speed too low

Bowl is leaking or not closed Dismantle the bowl and check
Motor failure Repair/renew the motor.
Bearing is damaged Renew
6.1.8 Starting time too long

Height position of outlet device for processed liquid is Stop, check and adjust the height(s)
incorrect
6.1.9 Water in worm gear housing

Bowl casing drain is obstructed Clean the casing and the drains properly. The drains have
connection Nos. 462 & 463 on the Basic size drawing in
the Installation Manual.
Solve the reason for obstruction.
Clean worm gear housing and change oil.
Leakage at top bearing Renew seal ring and change oil
Condensation Clean worm gear housing and change oil
70
586600-02
6.2 Separating functions
6.2.1 Unsatisfactory separation

result
Incorrect separation temperature Adjust
Throughput is too high Adjust
Wrong back pressure in clean liquid outlet Adjust the back- or inlet pressure
Bowl disc stack is clogged Clean the disc stack
Sediment space in bowl is filled See ‘‘6.2.9 Bowl clogged with sediment’’
Bowl speed is too low Examine the motor and power transmission including the
gear ratio, see ‘‘6.1.7 Speed too low’’
Cleaned liquid contains sediment Shorten the discharge interval
6.2.2 Bowl fails to open for

sediment discharge

Operating liquid supply is obstructed Check the liquid supply
Discharge liquid pressure/flow is too low Check the discharge liquid pressure/flow.
Compare with the recommended values in chapter
Connection List in the Installation Manual.
Seal ring in the operating slide is defective Renew the seal ring. Carry out an Intermediate Service
(IS)
Faulty OWMC unit See ‘‘6.2.10 OWMC related faults’’
6.2.3 Bowl opens accidentally

during operation
Strainer in the operating liquid supply is clogged Clean the strainer
No liquid in the operating liquid system Check the operating liquid system and make sure the
valve(s) are open
Liquid connections to the separator are incorrectly fitted Correct
Square-sectioned ring in sliding bowl bottom is defective Renew the square-sectioned ring. Carry out an
Intermediate Service (IS)
Valve plugs are defective Renew all plugs. Carry out an Intermediate Service (IS)
Sediment deposits on the operating slide Clean the operating slide
Seal ring in operating slide is defective Renew the seal ring
71
586600-02
6.2.4 Unsatisfactory sediment

discharge
Sediment hard packed due to long discharge interval Shorten the discharge interval
Valve plugs in the operating slide are worn or too high Renew with correct valve plugs
Sediment deposits in the operating system Check and clean the operating system
Faulty OWMC unit See ‘‘6.2.10 OWMC related faults’’
6.2.5 Too much process liquid in

sediment
Discharge interval is too short Prolong the discharge interval
Bowl is leaking See ‘‘6.2.7 Liquid flows through the bowl casing drain and/
or sediment outlet’’
Axial seal in outlet device is leaking See ‘‘6.1.3 Axial seals’’
6.2.6 High pressure in clean liquid

outlet
Throughput is too high Adjust
Valve(s) in clean liquid outlet line is throttled too much Open the valve(s) and adjust according to values in
chapter Connection List in the Installation Manual.
72
586600-02
6.2.7 Liquid flows through the bowl

casing drain and/or sediment
outlet
Sediment discharge or liquid draining in progress None (normal)
The make-up liquid line is obstructed or the liquid Check make-up liquid pressure/flow.
pressure/flow is too low or too high Compare with the recommended values in chapter
Connection List in the Installation Manual.
Rectangular ring between bowl hood neck and outlet pipe Renew the rectangular ring
is defective.
L-packing between outlet pipe and wear ring is defective Renew the L-packing
Seal ring in the bowl hood is defective Renew the seal ring
Sealing edge of the sliding bowl bottom is defective Smoothen sealing edge of the sliding bowl bottom or
renew it
Operating slide of bowl jams due to poor lubrication, Dismantle and check
defective seal ring, burrs or deformation
Operating ring seals are defective Renew the seals
Valve plugs are defective Renew all valve plugs
Sliding bowl bottom jams - seal ring is defective Renew the seal ring
Bowl speed too low See ‘‘6.1.7 Speed too low’’
Axial seal in outlet device is leaky because of: Renew the seal and remedy the cause. See ‘‘6.1.3 Axial
- Insufficient flow of sealing liquids (630) seals’’
- Deposits on sealing surfaces because of insufficient

cleaning program
- Bowl out of balance
- Frame hood not centred in relation to the outlet pipe
- Wobbling outlet pipe
- Too high back pressure in liquid outlet
73
586600-02
6.2.8 Air intermingles with the

cleaned liquid
Back pressure in the clean liquid outlet is too low Increase the back pressure, see ‘‘5.1.4 Running” on page
61
Impeller in outlet device is defective Renew the impeller
Too low inlet pressure in the feed line (201) Increase the pressure
Air is already intermingled in the process liquid before Modify the treatment of the feed
entering the separator
6.2.9 Bowl clogged with sediment

Sediment is too viscous Discharge more frequently
Sediment tank is overfilled Empty the sediment tank and clean the bowl casing in
frame
74
586600-02
6.2.10 OWMC related faults

Indication Cause Corrective actions Page
The bowl does not eject or the Needle valve for setting of small Adjust the throttling 31
volume is too small discharge is throttled too much
Air pressure for setting of large Adjust the air pressure 31
discharge is too low
No supply or signal air to the Check the air supply –
OWMC
Faulty check valve in operating Check function of the valve –
water feed line before the OWMC
inlet
OWMC piston does not return to Impurities in water or air which Follow the instructions carefully for 1)
its initial position or returns too increase friction between piston air and water quality.
slowly and cylinder
Clean and lubricate piston and 2)
cylinder with GLEITMO 1821V
Too low operating water pressure Check the operating water 3)
in the feed line before the OWMC pressure
Silencer for air outlet in the OWMC Renew the silencer –
is clogged
Faulty check valve in operating Check function of the valve –
water feed line before the OWMC
inlet
The discharged volume too large Faulty sealing for the two-pulse Renew the sealing 2)
adapter, see pos. 2 on page 31
Too high pressure of the air supply Reduce the air pressure 31
(506a).
Bowl fails to close after sediment Clogged nozzle fitted in the two- Clean the nozzle 2)
discharge pulse adapter
1) See Technical Reference in the Installation Man-

ual
2) See Operating water module (OWMC) in the Ser-

vice & Maintenance Manual.
3) See Connection List in the Installation Manual.
75
586600-02
76
586600-02

Operator S Manual: A2/C10/H10/H15/H20/W10/W15

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T e t r a P a k® P r o c e s s i n g C o m p o n e n t s

Tetra Pak® Separator:

Tetra Pak® Clarifier:

Tetra Pak® Bactofuge unit:

Product No. 881263-06-02/14 

1 Safety Instructions ..................................................... .5

2 Read This First ........................................................... .15

3 Basic Principles Of Separation ....................... .17

4 Design ............................................................................... .19

5 Operating Instructions.......................................... .55

5.1.3 Start ............................................................................... 58

6 Fault Finding ................................................................ .67

The centrifuge includes parts that rotate at

Manufacturing tolerances are extremely fine.

 Use only Alfa Laval genuine spare parts and

 When power cables are connected,

important that the frequency does not

 Wear on the large lock ring thread must

more than specified distance.

 Welding or heating of parts that rotate

 Use correct lifting tools and follow lifting

Skin irritation hazards

 When using chemical cleaning agents,

 Sharp edges on bowl discs and threads

 Risk for accidental release of snap rings

 Make sure that rotating parts have come 

 To avoid accidental start, switch off and

 Follow local regulations for electrical

lock power supply before starting any

 Use ear protection in noisy

 Lubrication oil and various machine

 Risk for unhealthy dust when handling

1.1 Warning signs in text

DANGER indicates an imminently

WARNING indicates a potentially

CAUTION indicates a potentially

NOTE indicates a potentially hazardous

1.2 Environmental issues

1.4 Remote start

2 Read This First

If the separator has been delivered and

In addition to this Operator´s Manual a

The Operator´s Manual consists of:

Basic Principles of Separation

Design and function

If the separator has been installed as a part of a

A complete reading of this manual by personnel in

3 Basic Principles Of Separation

 free a liquid of solid particles,

3.1 Separation By Gravity

3.2 Centrifugal Separation

Separation and sedimentation is continuous

Viscosity Density difference

Low density difference

High density difference.

4.1.1 Mechanical power

Frequency drive motor

4.1.3 Axial seals – 

During starting / separation / stopping

1, 6 Cooling coil for oil bath.

*) Normally included in the control unit cabinet.

The indication tubes (5 and 7 in the figure) provides

If the flushing water is discoloured, this may be due