BENDING STRESS

General Equation:

𝑀𝑐
fb = ; where: M = applied moment
𝐼
C = distance from the NA (neutral axis) to the farthest fiber
I = moment of inertia

RECTANGULAR BEAM
b Ig
𝑏𝑑3
Rectangle =
𝑑 12
c= 𝑏𝑑3
2
Triangle =
36
d 𝜋 4
Circle = 𝑟
𝑑 4
c= Semi-circle = 0.11r4
2
Quarter-circle = 0.055r4

fbt = tension ; fbc = compression

Positive Moment

NA
compression

tension
Negative Moment

compression NA
 Example

20 KN

30 KN 10 KN d = 400mm
1°

b = 300mm
63.33 6.67

3m 3m 2m a. Maximum bending stress

𝑀𝑐
fb = ; Max = 90kNm
𝐼
M(d/2)
= 𝑏𝑑3
12
33.33 2° 6𝑀
=
10 0° 10 𝑏𝑑2
0° 3.33 fb = fbc = fbt
0 0 𝟔𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙
fb =
𝒃𝒅𝟐
-30 -30 6(90𝑘𝑁𝑚)(1000
1 𝐾𝑁
𝑁 1000 𝑚𝑚
)( 1 𝑚 )
= 2
(300𝑚𝑚)(400𝑚𝑚)
𝑁
= 11.25 or MPa
𝑚𝑚2
0 both compression and
-20 1° tension
1° 3°
-90
TRIANGULAR BEAM CIRCULAR BEAM
Mmax = -90kNm (-moment)

400mm
d = 400mm NA

b = 300mm
fbc = fbt
𝑑
𝑀( )
NOTE: fb = 2
𝜋 4
fbc ≠ fbt 64
𝑑
32 (90)(1000)²𝑁𝑚𝑚
fb =
𝜋(400𝑚𝑚)³
2
ct = 𝑑
3 fb = 14.32 MPa
NA (tension & compression)
1
cc = 𝑑 𝑑 64
3
fb = M( )( 2 )
2 𝜋𝑑
b = 300mm
𝟑𝟐𝐌
𝑀𝑐 fb =
fbt = 𝛑𝐝³
𝐼
2
𝑀(3𝑑)
= 𝑏𝑑3
36
𝑴
fbt = 24 𝟐
𝒃𝒅

𝑀𝑐
fbc =
𝐼
1
𝑀( 𝑑)
3
= 𝑏𝑑3
36
𝑴
fbc = 12 𝟐
𝒃𝒅
2
90(1000)
fbmax = 24( 2)
300(400)
= 45 MPa (tension)
 Example Example

150mm
cg 20mm
40mm
95mm y=43.33mm fbt
NA cg d1=43.33-20 = 23.33mm
NA 150mm d2=50-3.33 = 46.6mm fbc ≠ fbt

CG 100mm
20mm m fbc

cg 20mm
30mm

Not applicable for symmetrical beam!

fbmax = ? Mmax = -70kNm
“I” Beam Required: fbc and fbt

𝑀𝑐 cg to ref line
fbmax=
𝐼 A+ȳ = ∑Ay
C = 95m A+ȳ = A1y1 + Anyn
M = 70kNm [150(40)+100(30)] ȳ = 150(40)(20) +100(30)(90)
cg to “CG” or “NA” ȳ = 43.33mm ; Ccomp
Ctension = (100+40) - ȳ
INA = ∑(Icg + Ad2) = 96.67 mm
200(20)3 20(150)3
=[ +200(20)(85)2](2)+[ +20(150(0)2]
12 12
150(40)3 30(100)3
= 6.359X107 mm4 IXA= +150(40)(23.33)2+ + 30(100)(46.67)2
12 12
= 1.310x107mm4
Method 2
Only for symmetrical I-Beam 70(1000)2 (43.33)
200(190)3 180(150)3 fbt =
1.310𝑥107
INA = -
12 12 = 231.53 MPa
= 6.369x107 mm4
70(1000)2 (96.67)
NA to farthest fiber fbc =
1.310𝑥107
fbmax=
𝑀𝑐 = 576.56 MPa
𝐼 (maximum bending stress)
70𝑘𝑁𝑚(95𝑚𝑚)(1000)2
=
6.369𝑥107
= 104.41 MPa
HORIZONTAL SHEARING STRESS
General Equation

𝑉𝑄
fh = ; where V = shear force
𝐼𝐵
Q = statical moment area
INA = moment of inertia
B = width

NA

RECTANGULAR BEAM
b

d/4
d
2

d NA

Q = b(d/2)(d/4)
bd2
= (applicable only for rectangular beam, NA)
8
𝑏𝑑2
𝑉( 8 )
fh = 𝑏𝑑3
( 12 )(𝑏)

𝟑𝑽 NA @ d/2,
fh = rectangular
𝟐𝑨
beam only
 Example
W = 10kN/m b=200mm

d=500mm
8m
40KN 40 KN

Required
a. Max horizontal shearing stress
(fhmax)
b. fh @ 2m from left support of a beam
depth of 100mm from the top of the
beam
c. vertical shearing stress 1m from the
left end
2m 2m
40

0
0
V2

Vmax = 40 -40
Q = 200(100)(200)
= 4x106mm
3𝑉 (area above)
a. fhmax =
2𝐴
3(40)(1000) 𝑁 OR
=
2(200)(500) 𝑚𝑚2 Q = 400(200)(50)
= 0.60 MPa = 4x106mm
(area below)
b. @2m
Fh2 20(4𝑥106 )(1000)
fh2 = 250(5003 )
(200)
12
250 = 0.192 MPa
200
c.
NA
40 V1
𝑉1 40
=
250 3 4
V1 = 30
1m 3m

200

𝑉𝑄 𝑉1
fh2 = fh =
𝐼𝐵 V1 𝐴
40 𝑉2 500
30000
= =
2 2 (500)(200)
V2 = 20 KN = 0.30 MPa
200
 COMBINED STRESS
(Axial + Bending)

P Py
A Px
A and I
B

NA
𝑷 𝑴𝒄
σ=± ±
𝑨 𝑰
Example

100
M
MR A L = 500mm (-) compression
t
Px 300 (+) tension
c
B θ
+𝑃𝑥 𝑀𝐶𝑡
NA
σA = +
𝐴 𝐼
+𝑃𝑥 𝑀𝐶𝑐
P = 100 kN σB = -
𝐴 𝐼
θ = 30°

Required:
a. Maximum compressive stress at the support B
b. Maximum tensile stress at the support A

Px = 100sin30°
= 50kN
Py = 100cos30°
=50√3

MR = Py(L)
= 50√3 (0.500)
= 25√3 kNm

Cc = Ct = 150mm

+𝑃𝑥 𝑀𝐶𝑐
a. σB = -
𝐴 𝐼
50000𝑁 25√3(150)(1000)2
= 2
- 100(300)3
100(300)
12
= -27.20 MPa (compression)
+𝑃𝑥 𝑀𝐶𝑡
b. σA = +
𝐴 𝐼
50000𝑁 25√3(150)(1000)2
= 2
+ 100(300)3
100(300)
12
= +30.53 MPa (tension)