Labo Struct Analysis
Labo Struct Analysis
Labo Struct Analysis
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN CRITERIA
SLAB DESIGN
BEAM DESIGN
COLUMN DESIGN
FOUNDATION DESIGN
STRUCTURAL DRAWING
JOB REF :
PROJECT : LABO Substation REVISION:
PART OF STRUCTURE: CALC. BY :
DRAWING REFERENCE: DESIGN CODE ACI318-14 CHECK. BY :
PROPERTIES
MATERIALS PROPERTIES
fc = 21 N/mm2 CONCRETE STRENGTH
fy = 415 N/mm2 REBAR YIELD STRESS
fys = 275 N/mm2 LINKS YIELD STRESS
Es = 2.00E+05 N/mm2
Ec = 21538.11 N/mm2 Ec = 4700*SQRT(fc)
STRUCTURAL MEMBER
- i
SECTION
l
_ TYPE
T Fc'
J
Fy
Beams Beam 21 415
1 r i n
Columns J L Column J 21 J 415
Slabs Slab 21 275
r T T
DEAD LOAD
1. SELFWEIGHT
CONCRETE UNIT WEIGHT = 24 kN/ m3
2. MEMBER LOADS
150mm THK CHB =
3.11 kN/ m per m height
100mm THKCHB =
2.98 kN/ m per m height
(NSCP 2015 - TABLE 204-2)
3. WEIGHT OF ELECTRICAL PANELS
(NSCP 2015 - TABLE 204-2)
2200X800X800 UPS = 500 kg
2200X800X800 OTHERS = 300 kg
i i
Location | Total (lbs/ft2) | Total (kN/m2) For design of purlin (>33%, Tributary area <= 20 sqm.) = 1 KPa
" "
2nd FL00R
"i
For design of Truss (>33%, Tributary area >= 20 sqm.) = 0.75 KPa
Control Rm j
5.00
Aux Rm i 7.50
Computer Rm -
i
5.00
Conference Rm 5.00
-i :
Lobby 4.80
T& B and Pantry 3.00
!
Service Balcony^ 4.80
Mechanical Rm 7.50
!.
I I
.
Design Load and Criteria (LABO SUBSTATION) xlsm RC-DESIGN 1
LABO SUBSTATION
ANALYSIS
This section includes the analysis result of Ctrl. Bldg. Structural frame,
Trusses & Canopy.
Go back >»
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 7 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 8 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 9 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 10 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 11 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 12 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 13 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 14 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 15 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 16 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 17 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 18 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 19 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 20 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 21 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 22 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 23 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 24 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 25 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 26 of 151
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:59 PM
Page 27 of 151
LABO SUBSTATION
Page 4 of 7
Monday, April 17, 2023 9:13 AM
Page 5 of 7
Monday, April 17, 2023 9:13 AM
Page 6 of 7
Monday, April 17, 2023 9:13 AM
92. FINISH
************************************************************
* For technical assistance on STAAD.Pro, please visit *
* http://www.bentley.com/en/support/ *
* *
* Details about additional assistance from *
* Bentley and Partners can be found at program menu *
* Help->Technical Support *
* *
* Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Inc. *
* http://www.bentley.com *
************************************************************
Page 7 of 7
LABO SUBSTATION
Go back >>>
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Client
Your details here
Calcs by Checked by Date
Column Section
A1 100x100x8
Weld Properties
Size :10 mm Fillet Weld
Bolt Properties
Diameter : 20 mm
Anchor Length : 300 mm
Compression allowed in bolts
BasePlate not elevated
p
An = . (d - 0.938 . P )2
4
p
= ×(20 - 0.938 ×2.5 )2
4
= 244.808 mm2
fb . An . fu
Tr =
1000
.67 ×244.81 ×800
=
1000
= 131.218 kN
25.2.2.2
SANS 10100-1
4.11.6.2
Tension Resistance Concrete 6.2.4.4.3 (b)
0.6 . fb . 0.7 . An . fu
Vr =
1000
0.6 ×.67 ×0.7 ×244.81 ×800
=
1000
= 55.112 kN
0.9 . An . fu
Cr =
1000
0.9 ×244.81 ×516.13
=
1000
= 113.718 kN
b . tp 2
Zpl =
4
1 ×5 2
=
4
= 6.250 mm3
f . Zpl . fy
Mr =
1000
.9 ×6.25 ×248
=
1000
= 1.395 Nm
fy
Zpl . 2 . 0.9 .
1.15
cMax =
fcu
b.
1.5
248
6.25 ×2 ×0.9 ×
1.15
=
21
1×
1.5
= 13.164 mm
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Client
Your details here
Calcs by Checked by Date
Find Equilibruim
The actual number of Grid Point used for calculation is 1109
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Client
Your details here
Calcs by Checked by Date
Shear in Bolts
Critical Bolt Shear
Vr
FOS =
Shear
55.111
=
52.766
= 1.044
Welds
Since unit values are used for the length and size of the weld, the capacity
of this layout is given in kN/mm
Resistance
FOS =
Force
1.1108
=
1.0553
= 1.053
LABO SUBSTATION
DESIGN OF WALL
MOUNTED PLATE
FOR CANOPY
This section includes base plate bolt and weld design.
Go back >>>
Job No Sheet No Rev
1
Part
Print Time/Date: 23/02/2023 09:32 STAAD.Pro CONNECT Edition 22.11.00.156 Print Run 1 of 1
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Client
Your details here
Calcs by Checked by Date
N.A.
H = 150.0
DcB = 36.0
Dcs = 30.0
B = 1000.0
Output
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Client
Your details here
Calcs by Checked by Date
Design Results
Moment Shear Torsion (entire section)
Muc 78.6 kNm Vc 62.69 kN T 0.00 kNm
Maximum allowable moment redistribution for this section is20.00 % - ACI318: 8.4.1
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Client
Your details here
Calcs by Checked by Date
DETAILED CALCULATIONS
c = 0.003
f st = f y = 414.000 MPa
10.2.7
ß = 0.85
10.2.7
= 0.85
= 0.90 10.2.7
f st
st =
200×103
414
=
200×103
= 0.0021
d
xb =
st
1+
c
114
=
.00207
1+
.003
= 67.456 mm
Maximum allowed neutral axis depth ratio for moment redistribution: (beam) 8.4
. . f c'. cstrain
cstrain + 0.0075
max =
fy
.85 ×.85 ×21 ×.003
.003 + 0.0075
=
414
= 0.0105
a = . x
= .85 ×67.456
= 57.338 mm
a . . . . .
Mrc = a . d - b f c' 1×10-6
2
57.337
= 57.337 × 114 - ×1000 ×.85 ×.9 ×21 ×1×10-6
2
= 78.600 kNm
M
. b . d 2 . f c'
z = d . 0.5 + 0.25 -
2.
2475×104
.9 ×1000 ×114 2 ×21
= 114 × 0.5 + 0.25 -
2 ×.85
= 106.786 mm
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Client
Your details here
Calcs by Checked by Date
M
Ast = . .
f st z
2475×104
=
.9 ×414 ×106.79
= 622.016 mm2
2 . (d - z )
NA =
2 ×(114 - 106.79 )
=
.85
= 16.965 mm
10.5.1
1.4 . bw. d
Amin2 =
fy
1.4 ×1000 ×114
=
414
= 385.507 mm2
Analysis File :
4/14/2023
Page 2 of 79
21 Asr = 'sqmm'
Area of Compression reinforcement required for doubly
22 Asc =
reinforced section or if torsion exists in 'sqmm'
Area of shear reinforcement required for sway condition in
23 Asv Reqd Sway =
'sqmm'
24 b = Width of the Beam in 'mm'
25 bw = Width of Web ( For flanged Beam ) in 'mm'
C/C distance between longitudinal reinforcement along B in
26 b' =
'mm'
27 bc = Oustside dimension of transverse reinforcement in 'mm'
28 Cc = Effective Cover to tension reinforcement in 'mm'
29 Cmin = Clear cover in 'mm'
30 c' = Effective cover to reinforcement at compression face in 'mm'
31 d = Effective depth of Beam in 'mm'
C/C distance between longitudinal reinforcement along D in
32 d' =
'mm'
33 D = Depth of Beam in 'mm'
34 Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel in 'N/sqmm'
Specified compressive strength of concrete in cylinder in
35 f'c =
'N/sqmm'
Calculated tensile stress in reinforcement at service loads,
36 fs =
'N/sqmm'
37 Hf = Thickness of Flange in 'mm'
Maximum C/C horizontal spacing of hoops legs on all faces
38 hx =
in 'mm'
39 Icr = Moment Of Inertia Of concrete crack section
40 l = Effective Length Of Beam (Clear Span) in 'mm'
41 Legs = Number Of legs Of the shear reinforcement
42 Mcr = Cracking Moment
Hogging moments of resistance of member at the joint faces
43 Mh =
in 'kNm'
Hogging moments Of resistance Of member at the joint faces
44 Mpr1 =
in 'kNm'
Sagging moments Of resistance Of member at the joint faces
45 Mpr2 =
in 'kNm'
Sagging moments Of resistance Of member at the joint faces
46 Ms =
in 'kNm'
47 Mu = Factored Bending Moment at a section in 'kNm'
Nominal flexural strength Of Singly Reinforced Section At
48 Mubal =
Balance Neutral Axis in 'kNm'
49 Ptmin = Minimum percentage steel As per clause 410.5
50 PtPrv = Provided percentage steel
51 Stirrup = Bar mark representing shear stirrup
52 S = spacing Of confining links in 'mm'
53 SCalc = Stirrup spacing calculated As per Asv in 'mm'
54 Sprv = Stirrup spacing provided in 'mm'
4/14/2023
Page 3 of 79
All Forces are in 'kN', 'kNm', Stress in 'N/sqmm' & Dimension are in 'mm'.
Code References
Sr.No. Item Clause / Table
407.3.3.1, 408.3.3.1,
1. Ptmax :
409.3.3.1
2. As,min (flex) (B) : 409.6.1.1, 409.6.1.2
3. As,min : 409.6.1.3
4. Vc : 422.5
5. Asv : 422.5.10.5 & 422.6.7
6. Min Shear Reinf : 409.6.3.1
Max Stirrup
7. : 409.7.62
Spacing
Shear Reinf -
8. : 422.7.3.1
Torsion
Side Face
9. : 409.7.2.3
Reinforcement
10. Tcr : 409.5.4.1
11. fs,perm : 424.3.2.1
12. fc,perm : A.3.1 (ACI 318-99)
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 1 of 115
Analysis File : C:
Definitions Of Terms:
All forces in units 'kN' and 'm'
All reinforcement details like area, spacing in 'mm'
Neutral axis angle for resultant design moment is with respect to local major axis.
Ratio to account for reduction of stiffness of columns
1 βdns =
due to sustained axial loads
Moment magnification factor for frames not braced
2 δns =
against sidesway
First-order relative deflection between the top and
3 Δo =
bottom of the story due to Vu in 'kN'
4 ∑Pu = Total factored vertical load in 'kN'. (Clause 406.6.4.4)
5 δu = Design displacement in 'mm'
Modification factor reflecting the reduced mechanical
6 λ =
properties Of concrete
Coefficient defining the relative contribution Of
7 ac =
concrete strength To nominal wall shear strength
Cross-sectional area of a structural member measured
8 Ach = to the outside edges of transverse reinforcement in
'sqmm'
Gross area of concrete section bounded by web
9 Acv = thickness And length of section in the direction Of
shear force considered in 'sqmm'
Effective cross-sectional area within a joint In a plane
10 Aj = parallel To plane Of reinforcement generating shear
In the joint in 'sqmm'
Area Of non-prestressed longitudinal tension
11 As =
reinforcement in 'sqmm'
Minimum area Of shear reinforcement within spacing
12 Avmin =
's' in 'sqmm'
13 B = Width of column/ wall in 'mm'
Cross-sectional dimension of member core measured
14 bc1 and dc1 = to the outside edges of the transverse reinforcement
composing area Ash in 'mm'
Distance from extreme compression fiber to neutral
15 c =
axis in 'mm'
16 Cc = Clear cover to longitudinal reinforcement in 'mm'
Factor relating actual moment diagram to an
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 2 of 115
44 M1 =
Smaller factored end moment on a compression
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 3 of 115
member in 'kNm'
Factored end moment on a compression member at
45 M1ns = the end at which M1 acts, due to loads that cause no
appreciable sidesway in 'kNm'
Factored end moment on compression member at the
46 M1s = end at which M1 acts, due to loads that cause
appreciable sidesway in 'kNm'
Smaller factored end moment on a compression
47 M1sldr =
member due to slenderness effect in 'kNm'
Larger factored end moment on compression member
48 M2 =
in 'kNm'
Minimum value of moment M2 as per minimum
49 M2min =
eccentricity of column
Factored end moment on compression member at the
50 M2ns = end at which M2 acts, due to loads that cause no
appreciable sidesway in 'kNm'
Factored end moment on compression member at the
51 M2s = end at which M2 acts, due to loads that cause
appreciable sidesway in 'kNm'
Largest factored end moment on a compression
52 M2sldr =
member due to slenderness effect in 'kNm'
53 Mnb = Flexure Capacity for Beam
54 Mnc = Flexure Capacity for Column
Nominal Flexure strength of column at top along
55 Mnty =
depth in 'kNm'
Nominal Flexure strength of column at bottom along
56 Mnby =
depth in 'kNm'
Nominal Flexure strength of column at top along
57 Mntx =
width in 'kNm'
Nominal Flexure strength of column at bottom along
58 Mnbx =
width in 'kNm'
Factored axial force normal to cross section occurring
59 Nu =
simultaneously with Vu in 'kN'
60 Pc = Critical buckling load in 'kN'
Ratio of area of distributed transverse reinforcement
61 pt = to gross concrete area perpendicular to that
reinforcement
62 Pω = Ratio of As to B x d
63 Q = Stability index for storey
Radius of gyration of cross section of a compression
64 r =
member in 'mm'
65 Vc = Nominal shear strength provided by concrete in 'kN'
66 Vj = Shear Force acting at the joint in 'kN'
67 Vn = Nominal shear strength in 'kN'
68 Vn' = Nominal shear strength at joint in 'kN'
nominal shear strength provided by shear
69 Vs =
reinforcement in 'kN'
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 4 of 115
Code References:
NSCP C101 - 2015
Sr.No Element Clause / table
Minimum area of longitudinal reinforcement
1 : 418.7.4
for column
Maximum area of longitudinal
2 : 418.7.4
reinforcement for column
Minimum longitudinal and transverse
3 : 418.10.2.1
reinforcement for wall
4 Minimum diameter of transverse ties : 425.7.2
5 Minimum spacing of transverse ties : 425.7.2
Maximum spacing of longitudinal and
6 : 418.10.2.1
transverse reinforcement for wall
7 Applicability of boundary element : 418.10.6
Area and spacing of special confining
8 : 418.7.5
reinforcement
9 Slenderness Moments : 406.2.5
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 5 of 115
General Data
Column No. : C1,C5,C6,C7,C29,C34,C35
Level : -1.4 m To 0.6 m
Frame Type = Non-Ductile
Response Modification Coefficient = 3
Design Code = NSCP C101 - 2015
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 6 of 115
= Non Sway
Sway Condition (as per Stability
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 7 of 115
Index)
Effective Length Factor along Major
= 0.87
Axis
Along B
Q = 0.007
0.007< 0.05, Column shall be designed as non-sway frame
(Braced)
Slenderness Check
Column Is Braced Along D
Slenderness Check along D
k = 0.87
r = 173.2 mm
Kluy /r = 7.53
M1 = 120.45 kNm
M2 = 399.66 kNm
Min (40, 34 - 12 x (M1/M2)) = 30.38
7.53 < 30.38, Column not slender along D
Column Is Braced Along B
Slenderness Check along B
k = 0.87
r = 173.2 mm
Klux /r = 7.53
M1 = 8.9 kNm
M2 = -49.56 kNm
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 8 of 115
Where
A = Moments from analysis
B = Moment due to slenderness effect
C = Final design Moment = Maximum of (Manalysis, Maximum of (Msldr or Mc))
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 9 of 115
Minimum Pt required = 1 %
Shear Calculation
Along D Along B
(Analysis Forces)
lu (mm) 1500 1500
Column Dimension (D , 600 600
B) (mm)
Check lu <= 5 x D lu <= 5 x B
Shear from Moment Capacity
Lu (mm) 1500 1500
Pu Top (kN) 549.87 549.87
Mnt (kNm) 523.82 523.7
Pu Bottom (kN) 570.23 570.23
Mnb (kNm) 527.51 527.38
Vu1 (kN) 700.89 700.72
Shear from Load combinations with Enhanced Eq factor
Load Combination 0.9 (LOAD 3: DL) +3 0.9 (LOAD 3: DL) +3
(LOAD 1: EQX) (LOAD 2: EQZ)
Vu2 (kN) 270.34 213.3
Critical Analysis Load 18 19
Combination
Critical Load [12] : 0.9 (LOAD 3: [13] : 0.9 (LOAD 3:
Combination DL) +1.6 (LOAD 1: DL) +1.6 (LOAD 2:
EQX) EQZ)
Nu (kN) 610.43 576.55
Mu (kNm) 439.17 408.77
Vu3 (kN) 184.45 -209.63
Vu' (kN) Minimum(Vu1, Vu2)
270.34 213.3
Design Shear, Vu (kN) Maximum(Vu', Vu3)
270.34 213.3
λ 1 1
φ 0.75 0.75
Deff (mm) 540 540
ρw (50% of As 0.007 0.007
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 10 of 115
provided)
Mm (kNm) 297.25 274.72
φVc (kN) 191.13 189.03
Check Vu > φVc Vu > φVc
Link For Shear Design Required Required
Shear Links Design
Vs (kN) (Vu - φVc) / φVc
105.61 32.35
Vs Permissible (kN) 0.66 x sqrt(f'c) x b x deff
972.44 972.44
Vs Permissible Check Vs < Vs permissible; Vs < Vs permissible;
Hence, OK Hence, OK
Check for Minimum
Shear Reinforcement
0.5 x φVc (kN) 95.56 94.52
Minimum Shear Vu > 0.5 x φVc; Hence, Vu > 0.5 x φVc;
Reinforcement Check Minimum Shear Hence , Minimum
reinforcement required Shear reinforcement
required
Av/s minimum 913.04 913.04
(sqmm/m)
Av/s shear (sqmm/m) 850.35 260.49
Av/s required max (Av/s minimum , Av/s shear)
(sqmm/m)
913.04 913.04
Link Rebar Number 10 10
Diameter of link (mm) 10 10
Numbers of legs 5 5
provided
Spacing of Link 175 175
Provided (mm)
Av/s provided 2244 2244
(sqmm/m )
Av/s provided check Av/s required < Av/s Av/s required < Av/s
provided; Hence, OK provided; Hence, OK
Design Of Links
Links in the zone where special confining links are not required
Normal Links
fyt = 230 N/sqmm
Along D
Av/s min-1 = 0.062 x Sqrt(f'c) x B x 1000 / fyt
= 735.51 sqmm/m
Av/s min-2 0.35 x B x 1000 / fyt
= 913.04 sqmm/m
Av/s min = Max ( Av/s min-1, Av/s min-2)
= 913.04 sqmm/m
Along B
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 11 of 115
Along B
Vs = 32.35 kN
0.33*Sqrt (f'c)*Aeff = 486.22 kN
Vs
Check <=0.33*Sqrt
(f'c)*B*d
b/2 = 270 mm
600 = 600 mm
Provided spacing = 175 mm
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 12 of 115
Hence, OK
Provided spacing = 175 mm
General Data
Column No. : C1,C5,C6,C7,C29,C34,C35
Level : 2.65 m To 4.7 m
Frame Type = Non-Ductile
Response Modification Coefficient = 3
Design Code = NSCP C101 - 2015
Grade Of Concrete (f'c) = C21 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel (Main) = Fy414 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel (Shear) = Fy230 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel - Flexural Design = Fy414 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel - Shear Design = Fy230 N/sqmm
Consider Ductile = No
Column B = 600 mm
Column D = 600 mm
Clear Cover, Cc = 50 mm
Clear Floor Height @ lux = 3650 mm
Clear Floor Height @ luy = 3500 mm
No Of Floors = 1
No Of Columns In Group = 7
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 13 of 115
Vuyt = 206.25 kN
Pub = 444.35 kN
Muxb = 336.85 kNm
Muyb = -15.05 kNm
Vuxb = 9.09 kN
Vuyb = 206.25 kN
Along B
Q = 0.034
0.034< 0.05, Column shall be designed as non-sway frame
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 14 of 115
(Braced)
Slenderness Check
Column Is Braced Along D
Slenderness Check along D
k = 1
r = 173.2 mm
Kluy /r = 20.21
M1 = 336.85 kNm
M2 = -508.55 kNm
Min (40, 34 - 12 x (M1/M2)) = 40
20.21 < 40, Column not slender along D
Column Is Braced Along B
Slenderness Check along B
k = 1
r = 173.2 mm
Klux /r = 21.07
M1 = -15.05 kNm
M2 = 22.2 kNm
Min (40, 34 - 12 x (M1/M2)) = 40
21.07 < 40, Column not slender along B
Where
A = Moments from analysis
B = Moment due to slenderness effect
C = Final design Moment = Maximum of (Manalysis, Maximum of (Msldr or Mc))
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 15 of 115
Shear Calculation
Along D Along B
(Analysis Forces)
lu (mm) 3500 3650
Column Dimension (D , 600 600
B) (mm)
Check lu > 5 x D lu > 5 x B
Shear from Moment Capacity
Critical Analysis Load 18 19
Combination
Critical Load [12] : 0.9 (LOAD 3: [13] : 0.9 (LOAD 3:
Combination DL) +1.6 (LOAD 1: DL) +1.6 (LOAD 2:
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 16 of 115
EQX) EQZ)
Nu (kN) 257.45 155.8
Mu (kNm) 232.6 143.8
Vu3 (kN) 107.55 -68.68
λ 1 1
φ 0.75 0.75
Deff (mm) 540 540
ρw (50% of As 0.008 0.008
provided)
Mm (kNm) 172.75 107.57
φVc (kN) 187.58 187.86
Check Vu < φVc Vu < φVc
Link For Shear Design Not Required Not Required
Design Of Links
Links in the zone where special confining links are not required
Normal Links
fyt = 230 N/sqmm
Along D
Av/s min-1 = 0.062 x Sqrt(f'c) x B x 1000 / fyt
= 735.51 sqmm/m
Av/s min-2 0.35 x B x 1000 / fyt
= 913.04 sqmm/m
Av/s min = Max ( Av/s min-1, Av/s min-2)
= 913.04 sqmm/m
Along B
Av/s min-1 = 0.062 x Sqrt(f'c) x D x 1000 / fyt
= 735.51 sqmm/m
Av/s min-2 0.35 x B x 1000 / fyt
= 913.04 sqmm/m
Av/s min = Max ( Av/s min-1, Av/s min-2)
= 913.04 sqmm/m
Maximum Longitudinal Diameter = Dia Of Rebar
Rebar Number of bundled bar, D1 = 20
Diameter of bundled bar, D1 = 20 mm
Bundled Rebar = No
Minimum diameter of link >= 9.5 mm
Provided Link Rebar Number = 10
Provided Diameter of link = 10 mm
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 17 of 115
General Data
Column No. : C1,C5,C6,C7,C29,C34,C35
Level : 4.7 m To 8.8 m
Frame Type = Non-Ductile
Response Modification Coefficient = 3
Design Code = NSCP C101 - 2015
Grade Of Concrete (f'c) = C21 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel (Main) = Fy414 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel (Shear) = Fy230 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel - Flexural Design = Fy414 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel - Shear Design = Fy230 N/sqmm
Consider Ductile = No
Column B = 600 mm
Column D = 600 mm
Clear Cover, Cc = 50 mm
Clear Floor Height @ lux = 3500 mm
Clear Floor Height @ luy = 3500 mm
No Of Floors = 1
No Of Columns In Group = 7
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 18 of 115
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 19 of 115
Along B
Q = 0.003
0.003< 0.05, Column shall be designed as non-sway frame
(Braced)
Slenderness Check
Column Is Braced Along D
Slenderness Check along D
k = 1
r = 173.2 mm
Kluy /r = 20.21
M1 = -185.75 kNm
M2 = 207.03 kNm
Min (40, 34 - 12 x (M1/M2)) = 40
20.21 < 40, Column not slender along D
Column Is Braced Along B
Slenderness Check along B
k = 1
r = 173.2 mm
Klux /r = 20.21
M1 = 28.73 kNm
M2 = -47.93 kNm
Min (40, 34 - 12 x (M1/M2)) = 40
20.21 < 40, Column not slender along B
Where
A = Moments from analysis
B = Moment due to slenderness effect
C = Final design Moment = Maximum of (Manalysis, Maximum of (Msldr or Mc))
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 20 of 115
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 21 of 115
Shear Calculation
Along D Along B
(Analysis Forces)
lu (mm) 3500 3500
Column Dimension (D , 600 600
B) (mm)
Check lu > 5 x D lu > 5 x B
Shear from Moment Capacity
Critical Analysis Load 8 14
Combination
Critical Load [2] : 1.2 (LOAD 3: DL) [8] : 1.2 (LOAD 3: DL)
Combination +1.6 (LOAD 4: LL) +(LOAD 4: LL) +
(LOAD 1: EQX)
Nu (kN) 203.81 123.83
Mu (kNm) 60.13 71.68
Vu3 (kN) -22.09 25.84
λ 1 1
φ 0.75 0.75
Deff (mm) 540 540
ρw (50% of As 0.006 0.006
provided)
Mm (kNm) 12.74 42.89
φVc (kN) 198.7 184.42
Check Vu < φVc Vu < φVc
Link For Shear Design Not Required Not Required
Design Of Links
Links in the zone where special confining links are not required
Normal Links
fyt = 230 N/sqmm
Along D
Av/s min-1 = 0.062 x Sqrt(f'c) x B x 1000 / fyt
= 735.51 sqmm/m
Av/s min-2 0.35 x B x 1000 / fyt
= 913.04 sqmm/m
Av/s min = Max ( Av/s min-1, Av/s min-2)
= 913.04 sqmm/m
Along B
Av/s min-1 = 0.062 x Sqrt(f'c) x D x 1000 / fyt
= 735.51 sqmm/m
Av/s min-2 0.35 x B x 1000 / fyt
= 913.04 sqmm/m
Av/s min = Max ( Av/s min-1, Av/s min-2)
= 913.04 sqmm/m
Maximum Longitudinal Diameter = Dia Of Rebar
Rebar Number of bundled bar, D1 = 20
Diameter of bundled bar, D1 = 20 mm
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 22 of 115
Bundled Rebar = No
Minimum diameter of link >= 9.5 mm
Provided Link Rebar Number = 10
Provided Diameter of link = 10 mm
General Data
Column No. : C2, C3, C4, C11, C12, C13, C17, C18, C20, C21, C22,
C23, C24, C26, C27, C28, C30
Level : -1.4 m To 0.6 m
Frame Type = Non-Ductile
Response Modification Coefficient = 3
Design Code = NSCP C101 - 2015
Grade Of Concrete (f'c) = C21 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel (Main) = Fy414 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel (Shear) = Fy230 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel - Flexural Design = Fy414 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel - Shear Design = Fy230 N/sqmm
Consider Ductile = No
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 23 of 115
Column B = 500 mm
Column D = 500 mm
Clear Cover, Cc = 50 mm
Clear Floor Height @ lux = 1500 mm
Clear Floor Height @ luy = 1500 mm
No Of Floors = 1
No Of Columns In Group = 17
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 24 of 115
(Length x (Length x
Width x Depth) Width x Depth)
N-m x 10^6 mm mm N-m x 10^6 N-m x 10^6
Bottom 222.64 No Beam No Beam - - 1
5500 x 350 x
Top 222.64 No Beam 60.29 - 7.761
500
Sway Condition (as per Stability
= Non Sway
Index)
Effective Length Factor along Minor
= 0.87
axis
Along B
Q = 0.007
0.007< 0.05, Column shall be designed as non-sway frame
(Braced)
Slenderness Check
Column Is Braced Along D
Slenderness Check along D
k = 0.87
r = 144.34 mm
Kluy /r = 9.04
M1 = -83.57 kNm
M2 = 243 kNm
Min (40, 34 - 12 x (M1/M2)) = 38.13
9.04 < 38.13, Column not slender along D
Column Is Braced Along B
Slenderness Check along B
k = 0.87
r = 144.34 mm
Klux /r = 9.04
M1 = -2.19 kNm
M2 = -11.61 kNm
Min (40, 34 - 12 x (M1/M2)) = 31.73
9.04 < 31.73, Column not slender along B
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 25 of 115
Where
A = Moments from analysis
B = Moment due to slenderness effect
C = Final design Moment = Maximum of (Manalysis, Maximum of (Msldr or Mc))
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 26 of 115
Shear Calculation
Along D Along B
(Analysis Forces)
lu (mm) 1500 1500
Column Dimension (D , 500 500
B) (mm)
Check lu <= 5 x D lu <= 5 x B
Shear from Moment Capacity
Lu (mm) 1500 1500
Pu Top (kN) 557.89 557.89
Mnt (kNm) 304.62 304.58
Pu Bottom (kN) 572.03 572.03
Mnb (kNm) 306.45 306.41
Vu1 (kN) 407.38 407.32
Shear from Load combinations with Enhanced Eq factor
Load Combination 1.2 (LOAD 3: DL) + 1.2 (LOAD 3: DL) +
(LOAD 4: LL) +3 (LOAD 4: LL) +3
(LOAD 1: EQX) (LOAD 2: EQZ)
Vu2 (kN) 302.4 126.34
Critical Analysis Load 18 19
Combination
Critical Load [12] : 0.9 (LOAD 3: [13] : 0.9 (LOAD 3:
Combination DL) +1.6 (LOAD 1: DL) +1.6 (LOAD 2:
EQX) EQZ)
Nu (kN) 152.64 232.21
Mu (kNm) 243 238.15
Vu3 (kN) 163.33 -158.65
Vu' (kN) Minimum(Vu1, Vu2)
302.4 126.34
Design Shear, Vu (kN) Maximum(Vu', Vu3)
302.4 158.65
λ 1 1
φ 0.75 0.75
Deff (mm) 440 440
ρw (50% of As 0.007 0.007
provided)
Mm (kNm) 213.23 192.87
φVc (kN) 131.45 126.67
Check Vu > φVc Vu > φVc
Link For Shear Design Required Required
Shear Links Design
Vs (kN) (Vu - φVc) / φVc
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 27 of 115
227.93 42.65
Vs Permissible (kN) 0.66 x sqrt(f'c) x b x deff
660.3 660.3
Vs Permissible Check Vs < Vs permissible; Vs < Vs permissible;
Hence, OK Hence, OK
Check for Minimum
Shear Reinforcement
0.5 x φVc (kN) 65.73 63.33
Minimum Shear Vu > 0.5 x φVc; Hence, Vu > 0.5 x φVc;
Reinforcement Check Minimum Shear Hence , Minimum
reinforcement required Shear reinforcement
required
Av/s minimum 760.87 760.87
(sqmm/m)
Av/s shear (sqmm/m) 2252.29 421.44
Av/s required max (Av/s minimum , Av/s shear)
(sqmm/m)
2252.29 760.87
Link Rebar Number 10 10
Diameter of link (mm) 10 10
Numbers of legs 4 4
provided
Spacing of Link 125 125
Provided (mm)
Av/s provided 2513.28 2513.28
(sqmm/m )
Av/s provided check Av/s required < Av/s Av/s required < Av/s
provided; Hence, OK provided; Hence, OK
Design Of Links
Links in the zone where special confining links are not required
Normal Links
fyt = 230 N/sqmm
Along D
Av/s min-1 = 0.062 x Sqrt(f'c) x B x 1000 / fyt
= 612.93 sqmm/m
Av/s min-2 0.35 x B x 1000 / fyt
= 760.87 sqmm/m
Av/s min = Max ( Av/s min-1, Av/s min-2)
= 760.87 sqmm/m
Along B
Av/s min-1 = 0.062 x Sqrt(f'c) x D x 1000 / fyt
= 612.93 sqmm/m
Av/s min-2 0.35 x B x 1000 / fyt
= 760.87 sqmm/m
Av/s min = Max ( Av/s min-1, Av/s min-2)
= 760.87 sqmm/m
4/14/2023
Column Design: Design Calculations Page 29 of 115
General Data
Column No. : C2, C3, C4, C11, C12, C13, C17, C18, C20, C21, C22,
C23, C24, C26, C27, C28, C30
Level : 2.65 m To 4.7 m
Frame Type = Non-Ductile
Response Modification Coefficient = 3
Design Code = NSCP C101 - 2015
Grade Of Concrete (f'c) = C21 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel (Main) = Fy414 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel (Shear) = Fy230 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel - Flexural Design = Fy414 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel - Shear Design = Fy230 N/sqmm
Consider Ductile = No
Column B = 500 mm
Column D = 500 mm
Clear Cover, Cc = 50 mm
Clear Floor Height @ lux = 3500 mm
Clear Floor Height @ luy = 3500 mm
No Of Floors = 1
No Of Columns In Group = 17
4/14/2023
LABO SUBSTATION
COMBINED FOOTING
DESIGN
Page 1 of 10
Result Summary
Combined Footing 1
Input Data
2.05 m 2.15 m
1.55 m
0.45 m
1.45 m 1.45 m
2.45 m
0.6 m
0.5 m
0.5 m
0.6 m
2.9 m
5.9 m
3m
Geometry of Footing
For Column 18
Column Dimensions
Pedestal
Include Pedestal : No
Pedestal Shape : N/A
Eccentricity
For Column 23
Column Dimensions
4/16/2023
Page 2 of 10
Pedestal
Include Pedestal : No
Pedestal Shape : N/A
Eccentricity
------------------------------------------------------
Design Calculations
4/16/2023
Page 3 of 10
------------------------------------------------------
Load Combinations
4/16/2023
Page 4 of 10
If Au is zero, there is no uplift and no pressure adjustment is necessary. Otherwise, to account for uplift, areas of negative pressure
will be set to zero and the pressure will be redistributed to remaining corners.
Pressure at Pressure at
Pressure at top Pressure at top Net Bearing
bottom right bottom left
Load Case left corner right corner Capacity
corner corner
(kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2) (kN/m^2)
4/16/2023
Page 5 of 10
Pressure at Pressure at
Pressure at top Pressure at top Net Bearing
bottom right bottom left
Load Case left corner right corner Capacity
corner corner
(kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2) (kN/m^2)
151.6200
24 -19.3942 107.1098 122.0700 -4.4340 151.6200
20 48.2111 32.2868 41.3871 57.3114 114.0000
Note - If the pressure is negative at some of the corners, it is because the footing is under partial uplift for that load case. The gross
pressure however, obtained after the weight of soil above that level is accounted for, will be zero or positive.
------------------------------------------------------
Stability Check
Resisting
Resultant
Shear X Shear Z Sliding Resultant Required
Load Case Shear Ratio X Ratio Z
(kN) (kN) Force Ratio FOS
(kN)
(kN)
Check for stability against overturning (Moments printed against Local axis)
Resisting Resisting
Moment X Moment Z Required
Load Case Moment X Moment Z Ratio X Ratio Z
(kNm) (kNm) FOS
(kNm) (kNm)
------------------------------------------------------
Factored
Load Case / Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Gross Bearing
Load top left top right bottom right bottom left capacity for
Combination corner corner corner corner Ultimate Load
ID (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) Cases
(kN/m^2)
4/16/2023
Page 6 of 10
For Column 18
Critical Load case for Punching Shear Check : 14
Total Footing Depth, Do = 0.45 m
Calculated Effective Depth,d = 0.36 m
For Column 23
Critical Load case for Punching Shear Check : 19
Total Footing Depth, Do = 0.45 m
Calculated Effective Depth,d = 0.36 m
------------------------------------------------------
One-Way Shear
Shear Diagram
4/16/2023
Page 7 of 10
536.741
Shear [kN]
146.6 154.989
45
144.409
120
90
60
30
0
-30
-60
-90
-120
-150
-180
-210 -201.61
0 1 2 3 4 5 5.9
Position [m]
3.8 m
0.85 m
0.8 m
3.85 m
Critical load case for maximum shear force along the length of footing : 19
0.75 x Vc = 594.99 kN
Since 0.75 * Vc > Vu hence, OK
0.85 m 0.8 m
0.35 m 0.35 m
0.35 m 0.35 m
0.85 m 0.8 m
Shear Plane Parallel to Foundation Length
Critical load case for maximum shear force along the width of footing : 14
0.75 x Vc = 1210.50 kN
Since 0.75 * Vc > Vu hence, OK
------------------------------------------------------
4/16/2023
Page 8 of 10
Design of flexure
Moment Diagram
--2219.9
19.989
-243.29
-268.879
Moment [kNm]
-308.327
-311.401
-314.558
-800
0 1 2 3 4 5 5.9
Position [m]
Bottom Reinforcement
Critical load case : 18
Required Effective Depth : 0.35 m
Note - "Area of Steel required" reported here is the larger value between
the calculated area of steel and minimum steel required as per code
stipulations
Top Reinforcement
4/16/2023
Page 9 of 10
Note - "Area of Steel required" reported here is the larger value between the
calculated area of steel and minimum steel required as per code stipulation.
Distribution Reinforcement
Provided Reinforcement
Concrete
3
- Length (m) Width (m) Thickness (m) Volume (m )
4/16/2023
Page 10 of 10
Formwork
Footing : 7.92 m2
Total : 7.92 m2
Soil Excavation
------------------------------------------------------
4/16/2023
Page 1 of 10
Result Summary
Combined Footing 2
Input Data
2.05 m 2.05 m
1.55 m
0.45 m
1.15 m 1.15 m
2.5 m
0.5 m
0.5 m
0.5 m
2.3 m
.
5.3 m
3m
Geometry of Footing
For Column 33
Column Dimensions
Pedestal
Include Pedestal : No
Pedestal Shape : N/A
Eccentricity
For Column 63
Column Dimensions
4/16/2023
Page 2 of 10
Pedestal
Include Pedestal : No
Pedestal Shape : N/A
Eccentricity
------------------------------------------------------
Design Calculations
Typesetting math: 100% Area from initial length and width, Ao = = 11.92 m^2
4/16/2023
Page 3 of 10
------------------------------------------------------
Load Combinations
4/16/2023
Page 4 of 10
If Au is zero, there is no uplift and no pressure adjustment is necessary. Otherwise, to account for uplift, areas of negative pressure
will be set to zero and the pressure will be redistributed to remaining corners.
Pressure at Pressure at
Pressure at top Pressure at top Net Bearing
bottom right bottom left
Load Case left corner right corner Capacity
corner corner
(kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2) (kN/m^2)
------------------------------------------------------
4/16/2023
Page 5 of 10
Stability Check
Resisting
Resultant
Load Shear X Shear Z Sliding Resultant Required
Shear Ratio X Ratio Z
Case (kN) (kN) Force Ratio FOS
(kN)
(kN)
Check for stability against overturning (Moments printed against Local axis)
Resisting Resisting
Moment X Moment Z Required
Load Case Moment X Moment Z Ratio X Ratio Z
(kNm) (kNm) FOS
(kNm) (kNm)
------------------------------------------------------
Factored
Load Case / Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Gross Bearing
Load top left top right bottom right bottom left capacity for
Combination corner corner corner corner Ultimate Load
ID (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) Cases
(kN/m^2)
For Column 33
Critical Load case for Punching Shear Check : 14
Total Footing Depth, Do = 0.45 m
Calculated Effective Depth,d = 0.36 m
4/16/2023
Page 6 of 10
For Column 63
Critical Load case for Punching Shear Check : 18
Total Footing Depth, Do = 0.45 m
Calculated Effective Depth,d = 0.36 m
------------------------------------------------------
One-Way Shear
Shear Diagram
313.905 316.909
120
Shear [kN]
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80 -85.313
-100
-120
-140
-160
-180
-200
-220 -219.039
0 0.9 1.8 2.7 3.6 4.5 5.3
Position [m]
4/16/2023
Page 7 of 10
3.55 m
0.55 m
0.55 m
3.55 m
Critical load case for maximum shear force along the length of footing : 14
0.75 x Vc = 471.89 kN
Since 0.75 * Vc > Vu hence, OK
0.55 m 0.55 m
0.35 m 0.35 m
0.35 m 0.35 m
0.55 m 0.55 m
Shear Plane Parallel to Foundation Length
Critical load case for maximum shear force along the width of footing : 15
0.75 x Vc = 1087.40 kN
Since 0.75 * Vc > Vu hence, OK
------------------------------------------------------
Design of flexure
Moment Diagram
4/16/2023
Page 8 of 10
500
135.378
Moment [kNm]
49.565
0
-190.977
-259.445
-500
0 0.9 1.8 2.7 3.6 4.5 5.3
Position [m]
Bottom Reinforcement
Critical load case : 18
Required Effective Depth : 0.35 m
Note - "Area of Steel required" reported here is the larger value between
the calculated area of steel and minimum steel required as per code
stipulations
Top Reinforcement
4/16/2023
Page 9 of 10
Note - "Area of Steel required" reported here is the larger value between the
calculated area of steel and minimum steel required as per code stipulation.
Distribution Reinforcement
Provided Reinforcement
Concrete
3
- Length (m) Width (m) Thickness (m) Volume (m )
4/16/2023
Page 10 of 10
Footing : 6.84 m2
Total : 6.84 m2
Soil Excavation
------------------------------------------------------
4/16/2023
Page 10 of 10
Formwork
Footing : 7.92 m2
Total : 7.92 m2
Soil Excavation
------------------------------------------------------
4/16/2023
Page 1 of 10
Result Summary
Combined Footing 7
Input Data
2.15 m 2.15 m
1.65 m
0.35 m
1.07 m 1.07 m
2.5 m
0.5 m
0.5 m 2.15 m
0.5 m
0.5 m
5.15 m
3m
Geometry of Footing
For Column 44
Column Dimensions
Pedestal
Include Pedestal : No
Pedestal Shape : N/A
Eccentricity
For Column 74
Column Dimensions
4/16/2023
Page 2 of 10
Pedestal
Include Pedestal : No
Pedestal Shape : N/A
Eccentricity
------------------------------------------------------
Design Calculations
Typesetting math: 100% Area from initial length and width, Ao = = 11.07 m^2
4/16/2023
Page 3 of 10
------------------------------------------------------
Load Combinations
4/16/2023
Page 4 of 10
If Au is zero, there is no uplift and no pressure adjustment is necessary. Otherwise, to account for uplift, areas of negative pressure
will be set to zero and the pressure will be redistributed to remaining corners.
Pressure at Pressure at
Pressure at top Pressure at top Net Bearing
bottom right bottom left
Load Case left corner right corner Capacity
corner corner
(kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2)
(kN/m^2) (kN/m^2)
------------------------------------------------------
Typesetting math: 100%
4/16/2023
Page 5 of 10
Stability Check
Resisting
Resultant
Load Shear X Shear Z Sliding Resultant Required
Shear Ratio X Ratio Z
Case (kN) (kN) Force Ratio FOS
(kN)
(kN)
Check for stability against overturning (Moments printed against Local axis)
Resisting Resisting
Moment X Moment Z Required
Load Case Moment X Moment Z Ratio X Ratio Z
(kNm) (kNm) FOS
(kNm) (kNm)
------------------------------------------------------
Factored
Load Case / Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Gross Bearing
Load top left top right bottom right bottom left capacity for
Combination corner corner corner corner Ultimate Load
ID (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) (kN/m^2) Cases
(kN/m^2)
For Column 44
Critical Load case for Punching Shear Check : 15
Total Footing Depth, Do = 0.35 m
Calculated Effective Depth,d = 0.26 m
4/16/2023
Page 6 of 10
For Column 74
Critical Load case for Punching Shear Check : 18
Total Footing Depth, Do = 0.35 m
Calculated Effective Depth,d = 0.26 m
------------------------------------------------------
One-Way Shear
Shear Diagram
256.699
241.199
120
100
80
Shear [kN]
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60 -62.171
-80
-100
-120
-140
-160
-180 -182.389
-200
0 0.9 1.8 2.7 3.6 4.5 5.15
Position [m]
4/16/2023
Page 7 of 10
3.575 m
0.575 m
0.575 m
3.575 m
Critical load case for maximum shear force along the length of footing : 14
0.75 x Vc = 315.49 kN
Since 0.75 * Vc > Vu hence, OK
0.575 m 0.575 m
0.25 m 0.25 m
0.25 m 0.25 m
0.575 m 0.575 m
Critical load case for maximum shear force along the width of footing : 19
0.75 x Vc = 755.72 kN
Since 0.75 * Vc > Vu hence, OK
------------------------------------------------------
Design of flexure
Moment Diagram
4/16/2023
Page 8 of 10
400
122.433
Moment [kNm]
41.688
0
-128.362
-202.572
-400
0 0.9 1.8 2.7 3.6 4.5 5.15
Position [m]
Bottom Reinforcement
Critical load case : 18
Required Effective Depth : 0.25 m
Note - "Area of Steel required" reported here is the larger value between
the calculated area of steel and minimum steel required as per code
stipulations
Top Reinforcement
4/16/2023
Page 9 of 10
Note - "Area of Steel required" reported here is the larger value between the
calculated area of steel and minimum steel required as per code stipulation.
Distribution Reinforcement
Provided Reinforcement
Concrete
3
- Length (m) Width (m) Thickness (m) Volume (m )
4/16/2023
Page 10 of 10
Footing : 5.11 m2
Total : 5.11 m2
Soil Excavation
------------------------------------------------------
4/16/2023
Page 6 of 10
------------------------------------------------------
One-Way Shear
Shear Diagram
4/18/2023