PROJECT TITLE:

Study the effect of mobile towers on birds.

NAME OF THE STUDENT:

ASHUTOSH SUDHIR BHASKAR

CLASS:

B. A.

SECTION:
II Year (Marathi medium)

SESSION:
2021-22

STUDENT ID:
3450862

SUBMITTED ON:
04th May 2022

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INDEX CONTENTS PAGE NOS.

General details 01

Index 02

Introduction 03

Project details 04

Conclusion 11

References 11

EFFECT OF MOBILE TOWER RADIATION ON BIRDS

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ABSTRACT

A field survey was conducted on effect of mobile tower radiation on birds in Bijapur district
(c.g.) from January to June 2017, in different sites of mobile tower situated in this area. This
survey identifies species of bird present in before and after mobile tower. Electromagnetic
radiation from Cell phone and cell tower affects the birds, environment. When birds are
exposed to weak electromagnetic fields, they disorient and fly in all directions, which harm
their natural navigational abilities. A large number of birds like pigeons, sparrows, swans are
getting lost due to interference from the “unseen enemy”, i.e. mobile tower. It has also been
noted of late that animals used near mobile towers are prone to various dangers and threats
to life including still births, spontaneous abortions, birth deformities, behavioral problems
and general decline on overall health. Electromagnetic pollution is a possible cause for
deformations and decline of some amphibian populations too. Apart from birds and
animals, electromagnetic radiation emanating from cell towers can also affect vegetable, crop
and plants in its vicinity. This study aims at studying the possible effects of Electromagnetic
Radiations on birds and other mentioned living beings.

KEYWORDS: Electromagnetic radiation; Cell phone and cell tower; hazards; Environment,
Radio frequency, Health effects.

INTRODUCTION
Cell phone technology has revolutionized the telecommunication scenario in India. Due to its
several advantages, cell phone technology has grown exponentially in the last decade.
Currently, there are more than 50crore cell phone users and nearly 5.5 lakh cell phone towers
to meet the communication demand. The numbers of cell phones and cell towers are
increasing without giving due respect to its disadvantages. All over the world, people have
been debating about associated health risk due to radiation from cell phone and tower. The
boundaries of Andhra Pradesh, Orisha and Maharashtra are located around the Bastar
division. This division is also a confluence of four cultures. But the culture of the people of
Bastaranchal has created their own identity throughout the world. About 165 K.M. from
Bastar, Naxal- affected district is located at Bijapur. Bijapur situated from North to South is

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 90 K. M. Long and East to West is 47 K.M. wide and the current area of this district is
6,562.48 Sq K.M.

Hills and Valleys: Major part of the district exhibits pediment/ Pedi plain landforms. Other
landforms seen in the district are structural plateau of upper and lower level in the western
part, structural plain in the south eastern part, structural hills and valleys in the northern and
eastern part, denudation plateau in the eastern part and denudation hills and valleys in the
central and western part.

 Borders: - Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra.

 Tahsil: - there are four tahsil in Bijapur district.
 Bailadila: - Bailadila is a mountain range rising in the Deccan Plateau about 200 KM
west of the Eastern Ghats. It is located near kirandul town in the Dantewada district
of southern Chhattisgarh, India. It extendes ina roughly SW-NE direction for a length of
about 70 K .M. south of the Indravati River. Rising to a height of 1,276 M. one of the hills of
the Bailadila range is the highest point in the state of Chhattisgarh. The hills are located at a
distance of about 40 K.M. south west of Dantewada, the district headquarters in the state.
Formerly the Bailadila slopes were thickly wooded.

Total Population in Bijapur district- 2,55,230, Male- 1,28,663, Female-1,26,567 Population

Density- 30/KM2, Sex Ratio-984, Literacy rate- 40.86, Proper Population in Bijapur – 60,000
¼Sixty Thousand½, Mobile User 30,000 ¼Thirty Thousand½,

Acronym Meaning

1xEV-DO Evolution-Data Optimized, a 3G CDMA

technology for boosting data
speeds and network capacity.
2G, 3G, 4G The second-generation, third-generation and fourth-
generation of digital
wireless technologies.
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project, a GSM wireless
technology standards

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 consortium
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access, a foundational digital
wireless technology.
CDMA One The 2G version of CDMA, also called IS-95

CDMA2000 The 3G version of CDMA, which includes 1xEV-DO.

EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution, a 3G GSM

technology.
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications, the
world’s most widely
deployed 2G wireless technology.
LTE Long Term Evolution, a 4G technology platform.

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, a 3G

GSM technology.
WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access; the
Mobile version is a 4G technology and is also.

Mobile Tower Status in Bijapur

Total 9 mobile tower available in bijapur city
1. Govt. Boys Higher secondary School bijapur1 – BSNL: - Tower- 1
2. Govt. Boys Higher secondary School bijapur2 – Reliance: - Tower-2
3. District Hospital bijapur – BSNL: - Tower-3
4. Exchange office bijapur – BSNL: - Tower-4
5. Janpad office bijapur – BSNL: - Tower-5
6. Jaitalur bijapur – Reliance: - Tower-6
7. Near by SBI Bank bijapur – BSNL: - Tower-7
8. Distict Collectorate Bijapur – BSNL: - Tower-8
9. Front of Atal Awas bijapur – Reliance: - Tower-9

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 Fig. 1: Mobile tower situated in bijapur
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Area
Bijapur district formerly known as Birjapur one of the 27 districts of Chhattisgarh state in
central India. It is one of the two new districts created on May 11, 2007. As of 2011 it is the
second least populous district of Chhattisgarh (out of 18), after Narayanpur. Moreover, it
holds the dubious distinction of being the second least literate district in India at 41.58%, as
per the 2011 census, after Alirajpur, Madhya Pradesh.

Data Collection
In this study we have taken up a brief survey in the areas where the mobile towers are
situated, to get a clear estimate of how much of radiations are emitted by these mobile towers
affecting the bird counting status of residence and environment from January 2017 to June
2017.Study area visited 2 times in a day, the observation were made between 2-3 hrs morning
and 2-3 hrs evening and birds were identified.

Equipment
Bird activities are often rewarded using the latest digital camera safest way to photography
birds in never to touch them.

IBMs SPSS Tool

SPSS is a comprehensive and flexible statistical analysis and data management solution for
almost thirty years now. SPSS can take data from almost any type of file and use them to

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generate tabulated reports, charts, and plots of distributions and trends, descriptive statistics,
and conduct complex statistical analysis.

RESULT
The results are summarized in Table 1-3

Table 1: Before and After Mobile tower established Number of Birds [January 2017-
June 2017].
S.N. Birds 2006[Mobile Tower 2017 Current Year
Established] Before (Mobile Tower
Established) After
1 Peacock 50 10
2 Wild Duck 25 10
3 Crow 150 100
4 Parrot 55 20
5 Cuckoo 25 15
6 Sparrow 25 10
7 Wild Pigeon 75 50
8 Eagle 50 25
9 Woodpecker 20 5
Total 475 245

The following are the graphical representation of the various data analysis done The
following are the graphical representation of the various data analysis done Through the Chi
Square test conducted, we see that p (Pearson Chi-Square) value is less than 0.05 in some of
the cases. This implies that there is a significant impact by Height of tower on some of the
listed effects on living beings and environment.

Accordingly, the results are formulated in the following table:

Total Migrate Birds Percent =51.4 ٪ ×100 = 51.43% and 48.57٪ Birds live in Bijapur.

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 Fig. 2: Before and After Mobile tower established Number of Birds [January2017-June
2017].

Tab. 2: Radiated power density from the cell tower location and birds watching in area.

S. No. Tower Tower 100meter Power density Total Power 100meter

Location in type radiance in density in radiance
Bijapur Distance watts/meter2 wats/meter2 Distance
City Total No. Total
of No. of Birds
Tower watching in
area
1 Janpad 1 BSNL 01 0.008 0.008 6
Office
Bijapur

2 Dist. 1 BSNL 01 0.008 0.008 5

Collectorate
Bijapur

3 Exchange 1 BSNL 01 0.008 0.008 4

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 Office
Bijapur

4 Jaitaloor 1 Reliance 01 0.008 0.008 7

Road
Bijapur

5 Govt. Boys 1 BSNL+ 03 0.008 0.024 3

school 1 Idea +
Bijapur 1 Reliance

6 Near By 1 BSNL 01 0.008 0.008 4

SBI Bijapur

7 Distict 1 BSNL 01 0.008 0.008 5

Hospital
Bijapur
8 Front of 1 Reliance 01 0.008 0.008 6
Atal Awas
Bijapur

Power density is increase birds number decreases

Power density Pd at a distance R is given by

Pd=(Pt×Gt/4ΠR2) Watt/m2

Pd= Watt/m2

where, Pt = Transmitter power in Watts

Gt = Gain of transmitting antenna
R = Distance from the antenna in meters
For Pt = 20 W, Gt = 17 dB = 50, Pd for various values of R is given in Table 1.

Table 3: Power density at various distances from the transmitting tower.

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Distance R (m) Power density Pd in W/m2 Power density Pd in μW/m2

1 79.6 79,600,000

3 8.84 8,840,000

5 3.18 3,180,000

10 0.796 796,000

50 0.038 31,800

100 0.008 7,960

500 0.000318 318

The power density values given in Table 1-3 are for a single carrier and a single operator. If
multiple carriers are being used and multiple operators are present on the same roof top or
tower, then the above values will increase manifold. However, radiation density will be much
lower in the direction away from the main beam. One should know actual radiation pattern of
the antenna (which unfortunately is not made public) to calculate exact radiation density at a
point.

Information was collected from 113 studies on the potential ecological effects of
radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) in the range of 10 MHz to 3.6 GHz. In 65%
of the studies, ecological effects of RF-EMF (50% of the animal studies and about 75% of
the plant studies) were found both at high as well as at low dosages. The very low dosages
are compatible with real field situations, and could be found under environmental conditions.

Suggestions
List of birds which are found in Bijapur district last 10-11years ago but their number are
reduced day by day because increasing number of mobile tower.

CONCLUSION

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The seriousness of the health hazards due to radiation from the cell phones and cell towers
has not been realized among the common man. Cell operators continue to claim that there are
no health issues. Even organizations like WHO, ICNIRP, FCC, etc. have not recommended
stricter safe radiation guidelines, whereas several countries have adopted radiation norms,
which are 1/100th to 1/1000th of these values based on their studies. Cell phone industry is
becoming another cigarette industry, which kept claiming that smoking is not harmful and
now there are millions of people around the world who have suffered from smoking. In fact,
cell phone/tower radiation is worse than smoking; as one cannot see it or smell it, and its
effect on health is noted after a long period of exposure.

REFERENCES
 https://www.google.com


https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319611767_EFFECT_OF_MOBILE_TOWER_RADIA
TION_ON_BIRDS_IN_BIJAPUR_DISTRICT_CHHATTISGARH

 @SHALOMI JOHNSON [B.A. II year (English medium)]

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