EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF (IPV) INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE ON

WOMEN'S HEALTH IN BARANGGAY CAMONING,

RATIONALE
Intimate partner violence is a huge challenge worldwide that has

considerable implications for women's health and wellbeing, as well as the wellbeing

of families and communities that are affected by such violence and the underlying

inequitable gender norms. Even though the Sustainable Development Goals call for

the elimination of violence against women and girls by 2030, evidence from several

countries suggests that the burden of intimate partner violence has actually

increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. (Gebrewahd, Gebremeskel &Tadesse

2022)

Moreover, IPV is characterized by violent actions (physical, emotional,

psychological, and sexual, among others) against a person, perpetrated by his or her

former or current partner, regardless of cohabitation, and occurs in all cultures and

countries. IPV most frequently affects women . A report by WHO states that 15% to

71% of all women suffer from physical and/or sexual abuse from an intimate partner

at least once during their lifetime .These situations of continued violence, apart from

depriving the victim of his or her rights and freedom, result in a wide and severe

diversity of consequences: physical, psychological, sexual, reproductive, relational,

educational, professional, economic, and those regarding quality of life and dignity. In

the most critical cases, it could lead to temporary or permanent disability or even

death. This violence is also responsible for victims’ feelings of shame, fear, and even

guilt, which often explains the lack of disclosing cases and facilitates his or her

control by the aggressor, leading to a perception of isolation, helplessness, and

incapacity to react.
 In global settings, IPV is a common phenomenon conflict in Afghanistan as

one of the countries with a high prevalence of IPV in women . Research indicates an

estimated 50% of lifetime IPV among Afghan women . IPV has been linked to a

range of adverse health outcomes such as poor mental health ,adverse pregnancy

and reproductive outcomes such as abortion, unintended pregnancy, and sexually

transmitted diseases. High gender inequality, a patriarchal society, ongoing internal

conflict, early marriage, poverty, and low literacy account for the high prevalence of

IPV toward women in most of the poor-resources countries.(Dadras, Nakayama &

kihara 2022)

In the Philippines, figures are consistent with a World Health Organization

report that says violence against women has increased during this year's pandemic

because couples are spending more time together at home, coronavirus has not only

taken away lives but has also unleashed abusive husbands to harm their wives with

acrimonious words and hurting hands Moreover, The Philippine Center for Women's

Resources reported that more than 16 million Filipino women were economically

insecure. The report also showed that poorer women were more vulnerable to abuse

because they could not defend themselves. And now that coronavirus is spreading

like the angel of death, many Filipino women have no choice but to stay at home and

face the reality of abuse or leave an abusive relationship that cripples the mind and

the soul. Stress has also been a big factor during the pandemic and is often brought

about by the loss of a job and health fears.(Caleja 2022)

The cases of (IPV) Intimate Partner Violence is relevant in our baranggay

those who live in the remote areas are reported to be the most prone about the said

case, that wives were the prominent victim of violence and abused which cause by

their partners.

In this case, it is essential to open up this study in order to analyze the impact

of violence on the health of women and to describe the feelings generated by

brings in building awareness and protection on women as this belongs to RA 9262

VAW, identify abusive behaviors and to take action to prevent harm to people that

may be cause including spouses. Thus, they will have a chance to restart and focus

on protecting themselves.

THEORETICAL LENS

Resource Theory is the theory that all social relationships are based on an

assumption of force or a threat of force. Resource theory needs to be addressed to

further the social change to end violence against women because the legislative

policies only address the physical violence women experienced but do not address

the emotional violence. Emotional violence is still not recognized as a criminal

offense or illegal. Further social change is needed to challenge emotional violence

against women as well. This is challenging many cultural standards. One example is

that words and emotional abuse are protected under freedom of speech. It is also

challenging the cultural stigma that women are emotional. In addition to addressing

emotional abuse, Resource Theory also needs to be considered in order to prevent

physical violence against women in vulnerable populations-the poor with fewer

resources. Despite the criminalization of violence against women, women within this

demographic are still being victimized by gender based violence. Further social

change is needed to create programs or legislation that specially targets assistance

of prevention and help to this population.(Kenny, Fotaki, & Scriver, 2019)

Social learning theorists suggest that violent ways of settling family conflicts

are often learned through observing parental and peer relationships during childhood

(Bandura, 1973; Mihalic & Elliott, 2005; Wareham et al., 2009). They propose that

victims and perpetrators ofIPV have either witnessed or experienced physical abuse

during childhood, resulting in their developing acceptance or tolerance of violence

within the family (Jin et al., 2007; Lewis & Fremouw, 2001; Vung & Krantz, 2009).
 There are a number of studies reporting that witnessing or experiencing

abuse during childhood might be associated with future IPV perpetration or

victimization in adulthood (Berzenski & Yates, 2010; Parks, Kim, Day, Garza, &

Larkby, 2011; Shook, Gerrity, Jurich, & Segrist, 2000; Whitfield, Anda, Dube, & Felitti,

2003). It has been suggested that whether or not violence continues into adulthood

depends on the context and consequences associated with violence in peer and

dating relationships during youth (Daigneault, Hebert, & McDuff, 2009; Riggs,

Caulfield, & Street, 2000).

Feminist theory, often referred to as the Feminist Model, aims to understand

violent relationships through examining the sociocultural context in which these

relationships occur. Supporters of this theory often view gender inequality and

sexism within patriarchal societies as the main causes of IPV (Bell & Naugle, 2008).

In short, they argue that IPV is primarily a problem of mens violence against women

being caused by societal rules and patriarchal beliefs encouraging male dominance

and female subordination [1] (Abrar, Lovenduski, & Margetts, 2000; Bell & Naugle,

2008; Yllo, 1988). Proponents of the feminist theory suggest that men often use

different tactics, including physical violence, to exert control and dominance over

women and their families (Dobash & Dobash, 1978), and that women’s violent

behavior towards their male partners should be understood as self-defense,

retaliation, or pre-emption for male violence.

Research Questions

The study aims to answer the following questions pertaining to the Impact of IPV to

women affecting their health. The specific research questions are as follows;

1. What are the experiences of the women who become victims of IPV

exerted by their partners?

from their partners?

3. What are the insights of these women knowing that the violence cause

disturbance in their health?

References

Caleja, JP.( 2022) Domestic violence all the rage in the Philippine lockdown

https://www.ucanews.com/amp/domestic-violence-all-the-rage-in-philippine-

lockdown/89821

Dadras, Nakayama&Kihara(2020) Intimate Partner violence and unmet need for

family planning in Afghan women: the implication for policy and practice

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8881829/

Fotaki,K.&Seriver(2019) Theoretical Framework of Violence against Women

https://reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12978-020-

01002-

Gebrewand, Gebremeskela&Tadese(2020) Intimate Partner Violence against

reproductive age women during COVID-19 pandemic in northern Ethiopia 2020

https://reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12978-020-

01002-w

Goode, Allen & Straus Theories and Discourses about violence against women

https://edubirdie.com/examples/theories-and-discourses-about-violence-against-

women/