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    GNED - Fall - 2017 - Energy and Energy Units

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    Ashley
    The document discusses energy, different forms of energy, energy units like joules and calories, power units like watts, and common energy sources like fossil fuels. It provides examples of calculating energy use from devices like hair dryers and converting between units. It also discusses factors like Alberta's energy generation sources, greenhouse gas emissions from different fuels, and potential solutions to reduce emissions.

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    GNED - Fall - 2017 - Energy and Energy Units

    Uploaded by

    Ashley
    25 views28 pages
    The document discusses energy, different forms of energy, energy units like joules and calories, power units like watts, and common energy sources like fossil fuels. It provides examples of calculating energy use from devices like hair dryers and converting between units. It also discusses factors like Alberta's energy generation sources, greenhouse gas emissions from different fuels, and potential solutions to reduce emissions.

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    GNED_Fall_2017_Energy and energy units

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    The document discusses energy, different forms of energy, energy units like joules and calories, power units like watts, and common energy sources like fossil fuels. It provides examples of calculating energy use from devices like hair dryers and converting between units. It also discusses factors like Alberta's energy generation sources, greenhouse gas emissions from different fuels, and potential solutions to reduce emissions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views28 pages

    GNED - Fall - 2017 - Energy and Energy Units

    Uploaded by

    Ashley
    The document discusses energy, different forms of energy, energy units like joules and calories, power units like watts, and common energy sources like fossil fuels. It provides examples of calculating energy use from devices like hair dryers and converting between units. It also discusses factors like Alberta's energy generation sources, greenhouse gas emissions from different fuels, and potential solutions to reduce emissions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 28

    Energy and Energy units

    GNED 1101-Fall 2017


    Energy

    The capacity for doing work


    Types of energy
    – Kinetic energy : energy of motion ( ½ × m × v2 )
    – Potential energy: stored energy (m × g × h)
    • m = mass (Kg)
    • v = speed = distance/time = m s-1
    • h = height = m
    • g = gravitational acceleration = ms-2
    Different forms of energy
    Kinetic energy Potential energy
    Electrical energy: energy Chemical energy : food, fossil fuels
    of moving electrons Nuclear energy : stored in nucleus of an atom
    Gravitational energy: energy an object
    Thermal energy (heat): possesses because of position in a
    energy generated by gravitational field - e.g. hydroelectric reservoir
    movement of particles
    within the object

    Mechanical energy
    (motion)
    By Adrien Lamarre, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Digital Visual LibraryImage pageImage description pageDigital Visual Library home page,
    Energy Units
    Energy is measured in joules (J)
    1 J = 1 kg m2 = Kg m2 s-2
    s2

    Other energy units:


    – BTU (British Thermal Unit), 1 BTU = 1055 J
    – Calorie
    – kWh
    Calories, calories, and kilocalories:
    We measure our food in Calories (upper case C)

    1 Calorie = 1000 calories = 1 kilocalorie


    =4184 J

    1 Calorie = energy needed to raise 1 Kg


    of water by 1o C at 1 atm
    A granola bar has 140 Calories. How many
    joules of energy (1 Calorie =4184 J)?

    4184 J
    = 140 Calories x
    1 Calorie
    = 585760 J
    Power

    Power = The RATE of energy consumption (how


    fast you are using the energy)

    Power is measured in watts (W)

    1 J
    1W=
    1 s
    Units of Energy and Power

    Energy – J, Calorie, kWh

    Power – W (J/s), kW, BTU/h


    This person is expending 500 Calories/hr:
    Is it enough to light a 100 W light bulb?
    Hints:
    1 Calorie = 4184 J
    100 W light bulb uses 100 J/s

    Energy in Watts (J/s):


    = 500 x 4184 J /(60x60) s
    = 581.1 W
    Energy Bill
    Electricity and natural gas
    providers: e.g. Enmax; Epcor;
    Altalink; Fortis)

    Electricity unit= kWh


    Natural gas (heating) = GJ

    https://www.enmax.com/home/customer-care/billing/how-to-read-my-bill (accessed Sept 2017


    Kilowatt-hour (kWh):

    Electricity is measured in
    Kilowatt-hours = kW x hours

    To convert watts (W) to kilowatt-hours (kWh):


    1 kW= 1000 W
    = watts /1000 X hours
    In March 2016 Total energy use was:
    436 kWh of electricity
    1.94 GJ of natural gas
    Which one represents more energy?
    1 kWh = 3.6 x 106 J
    Convert both to J:
    436 × 3,600,000 J = 1,569,600,000 J
    1.94 × 1,000,000,000 J = 1,940,000,000 J

    There is more energy in 1.94 GJ natural gas than 436 kWh


    electricity
    The hair dryer (1200 W) was used for 30 mins
    – How many kWh used?
    – How much energy (in J)? (1kWh = 3.6 x 10 6 J)

    =1200 W/1000 x 30 min x 1 hr/60 min


    = 0.6 kWh
    = 0.6 x 3.6 x 10 6 J
    = 2160000 J http://www.clipartkid.com/images/802/full-version-of-hair-dryer-clipart-euY6MG-clipart.gif
    The Ghost lake hydro power plant generates an average
    of 173,000.0 MWh of energy each year. How many
    homes could be powered by this energy? Assume a
    home needs 100.0 GJ of energy per year.
    (1 kWh = 3.6x106 J)

    1 MWh = 1000 kWh


    1000 kWh 3.6×106 J
    Total energy generated by the power plant in J =173000.0 MWh x x
    1 MWh 1 kWh
    109 J
    energy per home = 100.0 GJ × = 1 x 1011 J
    1 GJ
    number of homes = 6228
    Electricity generation -Canada

    https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/energy/pdf/EnergyFactBook_2016_17_En.pdf (accessed Sept 2017)


    Alberta’s electricity generation
    Planning to add
    5000 MW to the
    power grid by
    renewable
    resources by
    2030

    http://www.energy.alberta.ca/electricity/682.asp
    Fossil fuels

    Fuels that are formed from the decayed remains


    of the plants and animals

    Coal nonrenewable
    finite resources
    Natural gas hydrocarbons
    Crude oil emit greenhouse gases
    Coal:
    – sedimentary rocks that burns (organic).
    – e.g. C137H97O9NS : bituminous coal

    Coal-fired power plant:


    Coal is combusted to boil water;
    the steam turns the turbines to
    generate electricity

    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Coal_fired_power_plant_diagram.svg/2000p
    x-Coal_fired_power_plant_diagram.svg.png
    Natural gas
    CSG (coal seam gas) is natural gas, trapped in
    underground coal seams by water and ground pressure
    – methane: largest component in Natural gas

    e.g. Methane
    CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

    https://www.arrowenergy.com.au/our-company/what-is-coal-seam-gas
    Crude Oil
    Oil sands: mixture of sand, water,
    clay and bitumen (Thick mixture);
    further processed before sending to a
    oil refinery
    Syncrude's Mildred Lake plant in the Athabasca Oil
    Sands ;Alberta
    By The Interior (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or
    GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons

    By Flcelloguy at the English language Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0,


    CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=717367
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2351321
    CO2 Emissions

    Coal: 1042 g/kWh


    Oil: 906 g/kWh
    Natural Gas: 453 g/kWh

    The cleanest burning fossil fuel is natural gas


    Calculating CO2 emission:
    For 436 kWh of electricity usage CO2 emissions:
    Electricity in Alberta: 51% Coal,39% – Coal: 1042 g/kWh
    Natural gas; the rest from renewables – Oil: 906 g/kWh
    – Natural Gas: 453 g /kWh

    Calculate Total CO2 emission


    (electricity) in grams
    436 kWh X 0.51 => 222.36 kWh X 1042 g/kWh CO2
    +
    436 kWh X 0.39 => 170.04 kWh X 453 g/kWh CO2
    =
    308,727.24 g of CO2
    What about the natural gas bill?
    1.94 GJ = 1,940,000,000 J
    1 kWh = 3,600,000 Joules

    Natural Gas: 453 g of CO2 /kWh

    1,940,000,000/3,600,000 = 538.88 kWh


    538.88 kWh X 453 g/kWh CO2
    =
    244,112.64 g CO2
    244,116.7 g CO2 vs. 308,727.24 g of CO2

    1.94 GJ of natural gas contains


    more energy than 436 kWh of electricity
    BUT emits fewer carbon emissions
    Energy use
    People want to maintain or
    improve their lifestyle and
    standard of living
    – increased demands for
    energy
    Energy use appears to be
    correlated with standard of
    living

    Any other factors that


    could contribute to this
    trend?

    http://osqar.suncor.com/2010/12/is-there-a-link-between-energy-use-and-standard-of-living.html
    If energy use continues to increase
    – The finite supplies of fossil fuels will begin to run out

    – The gases released when fossil fuels are burned will


    continue to affect the environment (global warming and
    climate change)
    solutions?
    Reduce CO2 and other green house gas emissions
    – Burn fewer fossil fuels or discover new technologies to
    minimize CO2 emission to the atmosphere
    – Alternative energy sources
    – Plant trees - they absorb carbon dioxide
    – Fuel-smart cars
    – Reduce, reuse, recycle
    – Make your home more energy efficient...etc.
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/carbon-dioxide-gas-turned-into-limestone-1.3624869

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