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    Chem. Lesson 1

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    Ashlee Talento
    Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas. Physical properties describe matter without changing its chemical makeup, and include color, texture, temperature, mass, volume, density, luster, ductility, and malleability. Chemical properties involve chemical reactions that alter a substance's composition. Physical changes alter a substance's shape or form but not its chemical identity, while chemical changes create new substances.

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    Chem. Lesson 1

    Uploaded by

    Ashlee Talento
    27 views31 pages
    Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas. Physical properties describe matter without changing its chemical makeup, and include color, texture, temperature, mass, volume, density, luster, ductility, and malleability. Chemical properties involve chemical reactions that alter a substance's composition. Physical changes alter a substance's shape or form but not its chemical identity, while chemical changes create new substances.

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    CHEM. LESSON 1

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    Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas. Physical properties describe matter without changing its chemical makeup, and include color, texture, temperature, mass, volume, density, luster, ductility, and malleability. Chemical properties involve chemical reactions that alter a substance's composition. Physical changes alter a substance's shape or form but not its chemical identity, while chemical changes create new substances.

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    27 views31 pages

    Chem. Lesson 1

    Uploaded by

    Ashlee Talento
    Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas. Physical properties describe matter without changing its chemical makeup, and include color, texture, temperature, mass, volume, density, luster, ductility, and malleability. Chemical properties involve chemical reactions that alter a substance's composition. Physical changes alter a substance's shape or form but not its chemical identity, while chemical changes create new substances.

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    of 31

    Properties of Matter

    What is matter?

    Anything made of particles. It has mass and


    volume (takes up space). Matter can be in
    the form of a solid, liquid, or gas.
    Physical Property- A trait of matter that
    can be observed or measured without
    changing the chemical composition of
    the matter.

    No chemical reactions allowed!


    1. Color – how the object
    absorbs and reflects light
    2. Texture – how the substance
    looks and feels.
    3. Temperature
    A measure of
    the average
    kinetic energy
    (energy of
    motion) of
    particles in a
    substance.
    4. Mass

    The amount
    of matter in
    an object (in
    g or kg).
    5. Volume

    The amount
    of space an
    object
    occupies (in
    3
    mL, L, cm ,
    3
    m , etc.)
    6. Density – the ratio of mass to volume;
    reflects the degree of packing of particles
    in matter.

    D = m/v
    Lowest density element:

    Hydrogen
    3
    0.0009 g/cm
    Highest density element:

    Osmium
    3
    23 g/cm
    7. Luster
    The way that
    a substance
    reflects light
    (metallic,
    non-metallic,
    glassy,
    pearly, dull).
    8. Ductility

    Ability of a
    substance to
    be stretched
    into a wire.
    9. Malleability

    Ability of a
    substance to
    be hammered
    flat and to
    retain the new
    shape.
    10. State (phase) of matter

    What is the 4th state of


    matter (rare on Earth)?
    11) Melting Point/Freezing Point
    -
    The exact temperature at
    which a solid becomes a liquid
    or a liquid becomes a solid.

    For H2O, what temperature is


    this?

    12) Boiling Point/ Condensation


    Point -
    The exact temperature at
    which a liquid becomes a gas or
    a gas becomes a liquid.

    EVERY PURE SUBSTANCE HAS AN


    For H2O, what temperature is EXACT MELTING/FREEZING POINT
    this? AND AN EXACT
    BOILING/CONDENSATION POINT!
    Extensive
    -Properties that do depend on the
    amount of matter present.

    Mass, weight, volume, length


    Intensive
    ◦Properties that do not depend
    on the amount of the matter
    present.

    ◦Color , odor, hardness,


    melting/freezing point, boiling
    point, density, malleability,
    luster
    Chemical Property- A trait of matter that
    can only be observed if a substance has the
    property. In the process of testing the
    chemical property, the substance changes
    composition if it has that property.

    i.e. Does the substance chemically “react


    with” something else?
    1) Reactivity with oxygen : rusting (iron),
    tarnishing (silver, copper, brass, etc)
    2) Reactivity with water:
    3) Reactivity with acids or bases:
    4) Combustibility or Flammability:
    5) Chemical formula (chemical composition):
    What something is made of is always a chemical property.

    Ex: rust is Fe2O3


    water is H2O
    diamond is C
    All chemical properties are
    intensive. None are extensive.
    Why?
    Because chemical properties never depend on how much of a
    substance is present, but only on what kind of particles make up the
    substance.
    Physical Changes in Matter
    Examples: Changes in
    1.Shape
    2.Texture
    3.Size
    4.Dissolves
    5.Breaks Apart
    Physical Changes in Matter
    EXAMPLES:
    Aluminum foil is cut in half
    Clay is molded into a new shape
    Butter melts on warm toast
    Water evaporates from the surface of the ocean
    Juice freezes
    Rubbing alcohol evaporates on your hand
    Chemical Changes in Matter
    A chemical change in matter is when
    matter becomes something completely
    new. New matter is formed.
    Chemical Changes in Matter
    Chemical change:

    The substances present at


    the beginning of the
    change are not present at
    the end; new substances
    are formed. The change
    cannot be “undone."
    Chemical Changes in Matter
    CHEMICAL CHANGES
    THE MATTER IS DIFFERENT. THE PARTICALES OF THE
    SUBSTANCES ARE BROKEN
    APART
    THE OLD MATTER IS NO ATOMS ARE REARRANGED
    LONGER PRESNT INTO NEW PARTICLES

    THE ORIGINAL MATTER A NEW SUBSTANCE IS


    CANNOT BE REMOVED FROM FORMED
    THE NEW MATTER
    Chemical Changes in Matter
    EXAMPLES:
    Milk goes sour
    Jewelry becomes tarnished
    Bread becomes toast
    Rust forms on a nail
    Gasoline is ignited
    Hydrogen peroxide bubbles in a cut
    A match is lit
    Your body digests food
    Fruit decomposes and rots

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