Ped Cheat Code

HETP
The height of an equivalent equilibrium stage, usually called the height

of a theoretical plate (HETP), is the height of packing that will give the
same separation as an equilibrium stage.
The HETP is defined as a unit of column length sufficient to bring

the solute in the mobile phase issuing from it into equilibrium with
that in the stationary phase throughout the unit.
NTU
The Number of Transfer Units (NTU) Method is used to calculate the rate of heat
transfer in heat exchangers (especially counter current exchangers) when there is
insufficient information to calculate the Log-Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD).
Approach Temperature
It is the smallest difference between the temperatures of the cold
and hot streams
Stage efficiency/murphy
Defined for single tray and gives as ratio of actual separation to max
separation.
Murphy efficiency can be greater than 1 means 100%
Heat Transfer Coefficient
The heat transfer coefficient is the heat transferred per unit area per kelvin
Heat Transfer Coefficient
The overall heat transfer coefficient, or U-value, refers to how well

heat is conducted through over a series of resistant mediums
The overall heat transfer coefficient is influenced by the thickness

and thermal conductivity of the mediums through which heat is
transferred. The larger the coefficient, the easier heat is transferred
from its source to the product being heated. In a heat exchanger, the
relationship between the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) and the
heat transfer rate (Q) can be demonstrated by the following
equation:
Heat Exchanger Type
https://www.zwirnerequipment.com/blog/heat-exchanger-types-and-
applications/
LMTD
The “Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference“ (LMTD) is a
logarithmic average of the temperature difference between the hot
and cold feeds at each end of the heat exchanger. The larger the
LMTD, the more heat is transferred
The LMTD allows to represent the driving force of heat exchanger along the
exchanger and accounts for the fact that the difference in between the cold side
and the hot side is changing all along the equipment.
Types of Evaporators
https://www.thermopedia.com/content/744/
https://centpro.com/news/different-types-of-evaporators-and-
their-applications/
Mass transfer Coefficient
Fouling
The fouling of heat exchangers may be defined as the

accumulation of unwanted deposits on heat transfer surface
therefore, the consequences of fouling are, in general, a reduction
in exchanger efficiency and other associated operating problems
including excessive pressure drop across the exchanger
Tips for Reducing Fouling in Heat Exchangers

1. Increase Energy Consumption. ...
2. Control Materials Causing Buildup. ...
3. Select Durable Materials. ...
4. Apply Coatings. ...
5. Perform Regular Cleanings. ...
6. Set up a Treatment System.
The stage efficiency (EMV),

which is the ratio of the actual vapor concentration fraction as it passes
through the tray to the concentration fraction when assuming an
equilibrium stage
The Murphree plate efficiency

is expressed as the ratio of the increase in mole fraction of
vapour of a volatile component passing through a plate in a
column to the same increase when the vapour is in equilibrium.
Heat Exchanger Design
J Factor
J Factor is a dimensionless factor for heat transfer coefficient for calculating the
heat transfer coefficient in the design and performance prediction of heat
exchangers.
Nusslet and Prandlt Number

Nusselt number is the ratio of convection heat
transfer to pure conduction heat transfer, (K-
Thermal conductivity of fluid).
Nusselt calculates the transference of heat relative to pure
conduction.
The Prandtl number is the ratio of the momentum

and thermal diffusivities.
Prandtl represents how big is the viscous boundary layer
relative to thermal boundary layer
Fouling Factor Formula
Steps to calculate the VLE data

First we need temperature range i.e a temperature to its boiling point
Again, we use the Antione equation to find out partial pressure at a particular
temperature
Next by using rauolt law we find can find the x and y values. Thus, we get the vle
data.
Initial values
Mass and energy
Xd
Xw,
Flowrate
Required
Values of Q
Tray efficiency
Mc thiele method : first say this
Porchan method
Distillatiuon Coloumn
Step to design column
1. Determine Process Operation Variables. ...
2. Determine the Minimum Reflux Ratio. ...
3. Choose Actual Reflux Ratio: ...
4. Determine the Minimum Number of Trays. ...
5. Determine Actual Number of Trays. …
6. Principal Dimensions of the Column (Diameter/Height): ...
7. Determine Process Operation Variables. ...
8. Determine the Minimum Reflux Ratio.
Reflux
Reflux is a technique involving the condensation of vapors and the return of this
condensate to the system from which it originated. I
Improve efficient
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HETP

The height of an equivalent equilibrium stage, usually called the height

The HETP is defined as a unit of column length sufficient to bring

Murphy efficiency can be greater than 1 means 100%

Heat Transfer Coefficient

The overall heat transfer coefficient, or U-value, refers to how well

The overall heat transfer coefficient is influenced by the thickness

Mass transfer Coefficient

The fouling of heat exchangers may be defined as the

Tips for Reducing Fouling in Heat Exchangers

The stage efficiency (EMV),

The Murphree plate efficiency

Nusslet and Prandlt Number

The Prandtl number is the ratio of the momentum

Fouling Factor Formula

Steps to calculate the VLE data

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