Parasite Common Name Definitive Intermediate Mode of Infective Stage Diagnostic Disease/s Medications

Host Host/s Transmission Stage

PROTOZOA
Chilomastix • Chilomastix • Humans, • The life • Ingestion • Cyst • Cysts and • Gastrointestinal • Metronidazol
mesnili chimpanz cycle of of cysts in trophozoite infection e
ees, Chiloma contamina s
orangutan stix ted food
s, lacks an and
monkeys, intermed drinks.
and pigs iate host
or
vector.
Dientamoeb • Dietameob • Humans, • Primarily • Fecal-oral • Direct • Trophozoit • Symptomatic • Iodoquinol,
a fragilis a non- a route. fecal-oral es disease with
human parasite transmissio • Abdominal tetracycline
primates, of n discomfort and
swines humans • Hypothetic • Flatulence parmomycin
al • Intermittent e as
transmissio diarrhea acceptable
n via • Anorexia alternatives.
Enterobius • Weight loss
eggs.
Giardia • Giardiasis • Beavers, • No • Ingestion • Mature • Cysts or • Giardiasis • Metronidazol
lamblia dogs, intermed of food cyst trophozoite (A.K.A “Beaver e
cats, and iat e and water s Fever”); • Quinacrine
primates hosts contamina flagellate HCL
are ted with diarrhea
required viable
cysts of
the
parasite
Trichomona • Trichomona • Humans • Humans • Fecal • Ingestion • Detection • Trichomoniasis • Treatment
s hominis s contamina of anything of cysts for
tion of contaminat and/or trichomonias
food and ed with the trophozoite is is taking
drinks feces of an s in stool an antibiotic
infected specimens such as
person, metronidazol
decal-oral e, tinidazole
 transmissio or
n. secnidazole.
Trichomona • Oral • Humans • Humans • Droplet • Incubation • mouth • Trichomoniasis • Treatment
s tenax trinomonas spray period is 5 scrapings for
• Kissing to 28 days trichomonias
• Shared is is taking
utensils. an antibiotic
such as
metronidazol
e, tinidazole
or
secnidazole.
Trichomona • Trich • Sexual • Humans • Sexual • Trophozoit • Trophozoit • Vaginitis • Metronidazol
s vaginalis Intercours intercours e e in vaginal • Trichimoniasis e or
e e and tinidazole
prostatic
secretions
and urine.
Leishmania • Oriental • Sand • Mid-gut • Arthropod • Promastigo • Promastigo • Leishmaniasis • Sodium
spp. Sore Flies of the bite te tes stiboglucona
sand fly • Congenital transform te and
• Blood into meglumine
transfusio amastigote • Amphoterici
n s. n B for
• Direct exp. • Amastigote treatment
s multiply failure or
in cells of resistance.
various • Miltefosine:
tissues and only oral
infect other drug given
cells. for kala azar
Trypanosom • Sleeping • Humans • Humans • The • Trypomsati • Trypomasti • Gambian • Suramin
a gambiense Sickness trypanoso gote gote in trypanosomiasis • Melarsoprol
mes blood , or Mid and
ingested West African
by the Sleeping
feeding fly sickness.
must
reach the
salivary
 glands,
attach to
it,
transform
into
epimastigo
te then to
trypomasti
gote then
be
transmitte
d to
another
host by
bite.
Trypanosom • Sleeping • Humans • Humans • Skin bite • Trypomsati • Trypomasti • Rhodesian • Suramin
a Sickness by insect gote gote in trypanosomiasis • Melarsoprol
rhodisiense blood or East African
Sleeping
sickness
Acanthamoe • Granulomat • Viruses, • Viruses, • Inhalation • The • Detection • Acanthamoeba • Anti-
ba spp. ous Amebic yeast, yeast, of cysts trophozoite of keratitis amoebic
Encaphaliti protists protists and s are the trophozoite • Granulomatous medication
s and and trophozoit infective s and cysts amoebic when early
bacteria bacteria es carried forms on encephalitis diagnosed +
by the microscopi surgery if
wind c needed
through examinatio (deep
the n of lamellar
respiratory stained keratectomy
tract, smears of is the
improper biopsy choice)
contact specimens • Clotrimazole
lens-care ,
practices, pentamidine,
or direct isethionate,
skin Neosporin.
contact by • Topical
traumatic corticosteroi
injection or
entry
 through ds should be
preexisting avoided
wounds or
lesions
Entamoeba • Entamoeba • Humans • Does not • Food and • Cyst in • Cyst • Amoebiasis • Metronidazol
histolytica need an drink stool • Amoebic e
intermed contamina dysentery • Diloxanide
iat e ted with • Amoebic colitis furoate
host. feces • Secondary
containing amoebic
the cysts meningoenceph
alitis
• Amoebic liver
abscess (ALA)
• Ameboma
• Cutaneous
amoebiasis
• hepatitis
Naegleria • Brain- • Freshwat • Warm • Infection • Trophozoit • Cysts and • Primary amebic • Amphoterici
fowleri eating er fresh only e trophozoite meningoenceph n B with
amoeba animals water happens alitis (PAM) clotrimazole
(like when
lakes, contamina
rivers, ted water
and hot goes up
springs) into the
and soil nose.
Balantidium • Balantidiasi • Swine • Pigs are • Ingestion • Cysts • Cyst • Balantidiasis • Metronidazol
coli s its of • Asymptomatic e or
reservoir contamina carriers tetracycline
hosts ted food or • Fulminant
water balantidiasis or
balantidial
dysentery
• Chronis
balantidiasis
Babesia • Prioplasmo • Tick • A • Through • Sporozoite • trophozoite • babesiosis • Clindamycin
spp. sis rodent, the bite of s + quinine,
primarily infected azithromycin
the
 white- ixodid +
footed ticks atovaquone
mouse,
Peromys
cu s
leucopus
Cryptosporid • Genotype • Birds, • Usually • Ingestion • Oocyst • Oocyst • Immunocompete • No definitive
ium hominis reptiles, transmitt of (thick- • Thin- nt hosts: self- treatment
and ed by an contamina walled) walled limiting diarrhea yet
mammals invertebr ted food oocyst (2-3 weeks)
ate and water infect other • Immunocompro
vector or cells mised: severe
intermed (autoinfecti diarrhea, bile
iat e on) duct and
host. gallbladder
complication,
respiratory
infections are
also common
Cyclospora • Cyclospora • Humans • Humans • Ingestion • oocyst • oocyst • Diarrhea wwith • Not
cayetanensi of (unsporulat low grade fever necessary
s contamina ed) and body (self-limiting
ted food malaise to mild)
and water • Chronic and • TMP-SMX
intermittent for 7 days
diarrhea (no
alternating with alternative)
constipation
• D-xylose
malabsorption
Cyclospora • Cystisospor • Humans • Humans • Ingestion • oocyst • mezoites • cystoisosporiasi • Trimethopri
belli iasis of food or s m-
water that sulfamethox
was azole (TMP-
contamina SMX), is the
ted with medication
feces of choice for
(stool) Cystoisospor
from an a infection.
 infected
person.
Plasmodium • Plasmodiu • Mosquito • humans • Bite of an • Sporozoite • Immature • Malaria • Prophylactic
spp. m es infected s trophozoite • Blood
female s (ring schizonticida
Anopheles stage) l
mosquito • Mature • Gametocyto
trophozoite cidal
• Schizont • Hypnozoitici
• gametocyt dal (anti-
es relapse),
sporonticidal
Toxoplasma • Toxoplasm • Cat family • many • Ingestion • Tachyzoite • Cysts, • toxoplasmosis • Pyrimethami
gondii osis (Felidae) mammal of s, serologic ne and
s and contamina bradyzoite testing sulfadiazine
birds. ted meat s, (measures • Leucovorin
products sporozoite lgG) (folic acid) is
• Trans- s added to
placental counter the
transfer pyrimethami
• Organ ne.
transplant • Clindamycin
ation used for
sulfadiazine
allergy.
Parasite Common Definitive Intermediate Mode of Infective Diagnostic Stage Disease/s Medications
Name Host Host/s Transmission Stage
NEMATODE
S
Ascaris • Giant • Human • There is no • Ingestion • Fertilized • Eggs in stool • Ascariasis • Single dose
lumbricoides roundwor intermediat Eggs • Adult in intestine of broad
m e host spectrum
anthelminti
cs
• Albendazol
e,
mebendazo
le, pyrantel
pamoate
Capillaria • Pudoc • Fish- • Freshwater • Consump • Larvae • Unembryonated • Intestinal • Supportive
philippinensi worm eating or brackish tion of egg cappilariasis treatment
s birds water fish raw or ; Mystery (rehydratio
and undercoo disease n, high
occasio ked small (ILOCOS) protein
nally freshwate diet)
man, r or • Mebendazo
embedd brackish le
ed in water fish • albendazol
the e
mucosa
of
jejenum
& ileum.
Enterobius • Pinworm • Human • Humans • Ingestion • Embryon • Eggs on perianal • Enterobiasis • Mebendazo
vermicularis • Human ated eggs folds • Oxyuriasis le or
pinworm albendazol
e
• Pyrantel
pamoate is
a
secondary
drug
Necator • American • Humans • Humans • Skin • Filariform • Hookworm/Unembr • Necatoriasis • Benzimidaz
americanus hookwor penetratio larvae yonated eggs • uncinariasis ole group
m n (albendazol
 • American e,
murderer mebendazo
• New le)
world
hookwor
m
Ancylostoma • Old world • Human • Humans • Skin • Filariform • Hookworm/ • Ancylostomi • Benzimidaz
duodenale hookwor penetratio larvae Unembryonated asis ole group
m n eggs (hookworm (albendazol
disease or e,
infection) mebendazo
le)
Strongyloide • Threadwo • Humans • Fuelleborni • Skin • 3rd stage • Rhabditiform larvae • Strongloidia • Albendazol
s stercoralis rm (occ. subsp. penetratio filariform • Strongyloides sis e
Dogs) kellyi n of larvae stercoralis larvae • Conchinchin • Thiabendaz
larvae a diarrhea ole
• Ivermectin
• Albendazol
e and
thibendazol
e cannot be
given to
pregnants
Trichuris • Whipwor • Human • Does not • Ingestion • Nematod • Unembryonated • Trichuriasis; • Mebendazo
trichiura m involve any a eggs trichocephali le
intermediat asis (albendazol
e hosts e)
• Cannot be
given in
early
pregnancy
and those
with allergy
Wuchereria • Bancroft’s • Human • Mosquito • When • 3rd stage • Microfilariae • Elephantiasi • DEC
bancrofti filarial mosquito larvae s (ivermectin,
worm bites the (filiform) Bancroftian albendazol
man. filariasis e)
• Wuchererias
is
Brugia • Malayan • Human • Mosquitos • Infected • 3rd stage • Adults produce • Malayan • DEC
malayi filarial mosquito larvae sheathed filariasis (ivermectin,
worm bites a (filiform) microfilariae that Elephantiasi albendazol
man enter peripheral s e)
circulation
Parastrongyl • Rat • rats • humans • ingestion • accidenta • Larvae migrate to • Human • No
us lungworm • mollusks of l brain (occasionally eosinophilic anthelminth
cantonensis • slugs contamin ingestion eyes oy lungs in meningitis ic treatment
• snails ated food of aberrant human is currently
and water gastropod host, and do not recommen
with or larvae reach reproductive ded.
larvae (e.g. on maturity.
contamin
ated food
produce)
Trichinella • Muscle • Human • Human • Ingestion • Larvae • Encysted larva • Trichinosis • Mebendazo
spiralis worm • Pigs • Pigs of • Trishiniasis le
• Garbage • Rats • Rats contamin • Trichinellasi • Albendazol
worm ated or s e
• Trichina raw food
worm (meat)

CESTODES
Dipylidium • Flea • Dogs • Dog flea • Ingestion • Cysticerc • Gravid proglottids • Diphylidiasis • Praziquant
caninum tapeworm • Cats • Cat flea of oid larva are passed intact in or dog el
• Double- • Human flea infected the feces or emerge tapeworm • As in
pored fleas from perianal region infection taeniasis
tapeworm of either animal or
human hosts.
• The proglottids
disintegrate and
release the egg
packets.
Echinococcu • Extraintes • Dogs • Herbivorou • Hand to • Egg • Cyst • Hydatidosis • Surgical
s spp. tinal s animals mouth • Hydatid removal
Cestode from fur disease
of
infected
animals
 • Food or
drink
infected
by animal
faeces
Hymenolepi • Dwarf • Human • Flea larvae • Ingestion • Embryon • Embryonated egg • Hymenolepi • Praziquant
s nana tapeworm or grain of ated egg asis nana el
beetles contamin • • Treat all
ated food members
and water of the
• Autoinfect family at
ion the same
(hand-to- time.
mouth)
Hymenolepi • Rat • Rats • Flea larvae • Ingestion • Embryon • Embryonated egg • Hymenolepi • Praziquant
s diminuta tapeworm • Mice or grain of insect ated egg asis el
• Human beetles vector • diminuta • Treat all
members
of the
family at
the same
time.
Raillietina • Garrisoni • Birds • Flour • Ingestion • Oncosph • Proglottids • Seizures • Praziquant
garrisoni beetle eres containing egg el
(Tribolium develop capsules passed in
confusum) into feces.
infectious
cysticerco
ids in
intermedi
ate host.
Taenia • Pork • Human • Pig • Ingestion • Cysticerc • Unembryonated • Taeniasis • Praziquant
solium tapeworm of us egg solium or el and
infected cellulosae pork niclosamid
raw or tapeworm e
undercoo infection • albendazol
ked meat • Cysticercosi e
• Fecal-oral s cellulose
Taenia • Beef • Human • Cattle • Ingestion • Cysticerc • Unembryonated • Taeniasis • Praziquant
saginata tapeworm of us bovis egg saginata or el
 infected beef
raw or tapeworm
undercoo infection
ked meat
Diphylloboth • Broadfish • Humans • Freshwater • Ingestion • Plerocerc • Unembryonated • Diphylloboth • Praziquant
rium latum tapeworm • Fish- copepods of oid larvae eggs riasis or fish el
eating (Cyclops, infected tapeworm
mamma Diaptomus) raw or infection
l undercoo
• birds ked fish.
Spirometra • Spirometr • Canids • Cyclops • drinking • Infected • Unembryonated • Sparganosis • Surgical
spp. a and • Frogs contamin crustacea eggs • Migrating removal of
felids • Snakes ated n tumor larvae
• chickens water ingested • Praziquant
with by el is
copepods second recommen
• eating intermedi ded but no
intermedi ate host established
ate hosts (fish, efficacy
• direct reptiles,
contact amphibia
with ns).
infected Procercoi
flesh d larva
released
from
crustacea
n,
develops
into
plerocerc
oid larva.

TREMATOD
ES
Clonorchis • Liver • Human • 1st: Snail • ingestion • Metacerc • embryonated egg • Clonorchiasi • Praziquant
sinensis flukes or • 2nd: Fish of ariae s el
carnivor infected (albendazol
ous raw or e, aspen
bark)
 mamma undercoo
ls ked fish
Echinostom • Garrison’ • Birds, • 1st and 2nd: • Consump • Metacerc • Unembryonated • Echinostomi • Praziquant
a ilocanum s fluke carnivor Snail tion of ariae egg asis el
es, raw or
rodents, undercoo
and ked snails
human
Fasciola • Temperat • Human • 1st: Snail • Ingestion • Metacerc • Unembryonated • Fascioliasis • Triclabenda
hepatica ure liver • 2nd: of ariae egg • Liver rot zole
fluke Plant/veget contamin • Bithionol
ation ated (linger
vegetable duration)
s or
drinking
contamin
ated
water
Fasciolopsis • Largest • Humans • 1st: Snail • Ingestion • Metacerc • unembryonated egg • Fasciolopsia • Praziquant
buski Intestinal • Pigs (segmentin of ariae sis el
fluke a, encysted • Inflammatio
hippeutis) metacerc n
• 2nd: ariae • Intoxication
Aquatic from • Obstruction
plants aquatic inside the
(Trapa plants body
bicornis,
Ipomea
obscura,
Eliocharis
tuberosa,
Nymphaea
lotus)
Heterophyid • Intestinal • Human • 1st: Snail • Ingestion • Metacerc • Unembryonated • Heterophysi • praziquante
s fluke (Melania of ariae egg asis l
juncea, infected • Peptic Ulcer
Thiara fish with Disease
riquetti) metacerc (PUD)
• 2nd: Fish ariae
(freshwater
 or brackish
water)
Paragonimu • Oriental • Human • 1st: Snail • Ingestion • Metacerc • Unembryonated • Paragonimia • Praziquant
s lung fluke • 2nd: Crab of ariae egg sis el
westermani infected • Pulmonary • Triclabenda
food distomiasis zole,
or endemic bithionol
hemoptysis
Schistosoma • Blood • Human • 1st: Snail • skin • Cercaria • Mature eggs • Schistosomi • Praziquant
spp. flukes • 2nd: Fish penetratio asis el
• Bilharzias n • Swimmer’s
is • fecal-oral itch
• Snail fever
or
Katayama
fever
• Host
granulomato
us reaction

Reference/s:

https://www.studocu.com/en-gb/document/the-university-of-edinburgh/medicine/parasitology-table-nematodes-
trematodescestodesprotozoa/21443032?fbclid=IwAR02qn2Wrq6UgkWQvEhfnYWzpcwftO3oI9Sx4GqtB8dITWpm25q-m_3LLdA