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Image Processing

Image processing involves modifying digital images using a computer to improve the image for human or machine analysis. A digital image represents an image as an array of pixels, each with a brightness value, whereas a photo is continuous. The main steps of image processing are acquiring, preprocessing, segmenting, describing, recognizing, and interpreting the image to apply techniques like sharpening, noise removal, and finding edges with applications in medicine, agriculture, industry, and law enforcement.

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Nalaka Senanayaka
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Available Formats
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20 views

Image Processing

Image processing involves modifying digital images using a computer to improve the image for human or machine analysis. A digital image represents an image as an array of pixels, each with a brightness value, whereas a photo is continuous. The main steps of image processing are acquiring, preprocessing, segmenting, describing, recognizing, and interpreting the image to apply techniques like sharpening, noise removal, and finding edges with applications in medicine, agriculture, industry, and law enforcement.

Uploaded by

Nalaka Senanayaka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Image Processing

Learning Outcomes
 What is Image processing?
 How does computer read an image?
 Difference between a photo and a
digital image.
 Steps involved in the image
processing task.
 Application
What is image processing?
Image processing involves changing the
nature of an image using a computer in
order to either

 improve its pictorial information for


human interpretation,

 render it more suitable for autonomous


machine perception.
Examples
 Sharpening
 Removing noise
 Removing Blur
 Finding edges

Result after sharpening


The original image
The original image After removing noise

The original image After removing the blur


The original image Its edge image
Images

An image is given by a two dimensional


function, where the function values give
the brightness of the image at any given
point.
y

f (x, y)  0.8

x
Photos and digital images
 A digital image differs from a photo
in that the x, y , and f(x,y) values
are all discrete.

 A digital image can be considered


as a large array of discrete dots,
each of which has a brightness
associated with it.
Representation of image according
to f (x, y) function

1
 9-(x  y) 0
f ( x, y)  

0



9-(x  y) 0
Y X=0
X=1&& y=9
y=9 (1)
(0)

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
Picture element/ pixel 2
neighborhood 1
0 X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
An image processing task
 Acquiring the image.

 Preprocessing.

 Segmentation.

 Representation and description.

 Recognition and interpretation.


Some Applications
 Medicine
 Inspection and interpretation of images
obtained from X-rays, MRI or CT scans
 Agriculture
 inspection of fruit and vegetables distinguishing
good and fresh produce from old.
 Industry
 Automatic inspection of items on a production
line,
 Law enforcement
 Fingerprint analysis,
 sharpening or de-blurring of speed-camera
images.
Summary
 Image processing involves changing the
nature of an image using a computer
 A image is given by a two dimensional
function, where the function values give
the brightness of the image at any given
point.
 A digital image differs from a photo in
that the x, y , and f(x,y) values are all
discrete.

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