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ADC in Arduino

This document discusses using an analog to digital converter (ADC) with an Arduino board. The Arduino Uno has 6 onboard ADC channels that can read analog voltages between 0-5V with 10-bit resolution, producing values from 0-1023. The document provides code examples to read an analog sensor value connected to an ADC pin and convert the digital output to a voltage. It demonstrates reading a potentiometer connected to ADC pin A0 and printing the digital and analog voltage values to the serial monitor.

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Nishant
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© © All Rights Reserved
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103 views

ADC in Arduino

This document discusses using an analog to digital converter (ADC) with an Arduino board. The Arduino Uno has 6 onboard ADC channels that can read analog voltages between 0-5V with 10-bit resolution, producing values from 0-1023. The document provides code examples to read an analog sensor value connected to an ADC pin and convert the digital output to a voltage. It demonstrates reading a potentiometer connected to ADC pin A0 and printing the digital and analog voltage values to the serial monitor.

Uploaded by

Nishant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADC in Arduino

Introduction

 When we interface sensors to the microcontroller, the output of the sensor many
of the times is analog in nature. But microcontroller processes digital signals.
 Hence, we use ADC in between sensor and microcontroller. It converts an analog
signal into digital and gives it to the microcontroller.
 There are many applications of ADC like in a biometric application, Environment
monitoring, Gas leakage detection etc.
 Arduino Uno has 6 On-board ADC channels which can be used to read analog
signal in the range 0-5V.
 It has 10-bit ADC means it will give digital value in the range of 0 – 1023 (2^10).
This is called as resolution which indicates the number of discrete values it can
produce over the range of analog values.

Digital Output value Calculation

ADC Resolution = Vref / ((2^n) - 1)

Digital Output = Vin / Resolution

Where,

Vref - The reference voltage is the maximum value that the ADC can convert.

To keep things simple, let us consider that Vref is 5V,

For 0 Vin, digital o/p value = 0

For 5 Vin, digital o/p value = 1023 (10-bit)

For 2.5 Vin, digital o/p value = 512 (10-bit)

ADC Pins of Arduino Uno


Arduino ADC pins

Functions for Arduino ADC


 analogRead (pin)

This function is used to read analog value from specified analog pin.

pin - number of analog pin which we want to read

returns - digital value 0 – 1023

e.g. analogRead(A0) //read analog value at A0 channel

 analogReference (type)

This function is used for configuring the reference voltage used for analog input.

Read Analog value using Arduino


Let’s write a program to read varying analog value generated using potentiometer which
is connected to A0 analog channel. Display the digital value on Serial monitor which we
got from the Arduino ADC.
Interfacing Diagram

Potentiometer connected Arduino ADC Channel

Sketch for reading analog value


int sensorPin = A0; // input pin for the potentiometer
int digitalValue = 0;// variable to store the value coming from the sensor

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
digitalValue = analogRead(sensorPin);// read the value from the analog channel

Serial.print("digital value = ");

Serial.println(digitalValue); //print digital value on serial monitor


delay(1000);
}

Output on Serial Monitor

Note: If nothing is connected to analog input channel then the analogRead () function
return the noisy fluctuating value.

Read Analog Voltage using Arduino Uno


As ADC provide digital output which is proportional to analog value. To know what is
input analog value, we need to convert this digital value back to analog value through
program. To convert this digital value to analog input voltage,

Aout = digital value * (Vref/2^n – 1)


e.g. digital value = 512 and ADC is 10-bit with 5V Vref. But, we want to know that for
what analog voltage it is giving respective digital value. Then,

Aout = 512 * (5 V / 1023)

= 2.5 V

Sketch for reading Analog Voltage using Arduino


int sensorPin = A0; // select the input pin for the potentiometer
int digitalValue = 0; // variable to store the value coming from the sensor
float analogVoltage = 0.00;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
digitalValue = analogRead(sensorPin);// read the value from the analog channel

Serial.print("digital value = ");

Serial.print(digitalValue); //print digital value on serial monitor


//convert digital value to analog voltage
analogVoltage = (digitalValue * 5.00)/1023.00;

Serial.print(" analog voltage = ");


Serial.println(analogVoltage);

delay(1000);
}

Output on Serial Window

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