Chapter 20

Chemistry: The Central Science, 14e (Brown, et al.
)
Chapter 20 Electrochemistry
20.1 Multiple-Choice
1) Which element is oxidized in the reaction below?

Fe(CO)5 (l) + 2HI (g) → Fe(CO)4I2 (s) + CO (g) + H2 (g)
A) C
B) O
C) H
D) Fe
E) I
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 20.1
LO: 20.1
GO: G2

Fe2+ + H+ + Cr2O72- → Fe3+ + Cr3+ + H2O
A) Cr
B) O
C) H
D) Fe
Answer: D
LO: 20.1
GO: G2

I- + MnO4- + H+ → I2 + MnO2 + H2O
A) H
B) I
C) O
D) Mn
Answer: B
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
1
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
4) Which of the following reactions is a redox reaction?
(a) K2CrO4 + BaCl2 → BaCrO4 + 2KCl

(b) Pb22+ + 2Br- → PbBr
(c) Cu + S → CuS
A) (a) only
B) (b) only
C) (c) only
D) (a) and (c)
E) (b) and (c)
Answer: C
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
5) Which one of the following reactions is a redox reaction?

A) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
B) Pb2+ + 2Cl- → PbCl2
C) AgNO3 + HCl → HNO3 + AgCl
D) None of the above is a redox reaction.
Answer: D
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
6) Which substance is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction?

Fe2S3 + 12HNO3 → 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3S + 6NO2 + 6H2O
A) HNO3
B) S
C) NO2
D) Fe2S3
E) H2O
Answer: A
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
2
7) What is the coefficient of the permanganate ion when the following equation is balanced?
MnO4- + Br- → Mn2+ + Br2 (acidic solution)
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 4
Answer: B
LO: 20.2
GO: G2
8) What is the coefficient of the dichromate ion when the following equation is balanced?
Fe2+ + Cr2O72- → Fe3+ + Cr3+ (acidic solution)
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 6
Answer: A
LO: 20.2
GO: G2
9) What is the coefficient of when the following equation is balanced?

CN- + Fe3+ → CNO- + Fe2+ (basic solution)
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: B
LO: 20.2
GO: G2
3
10) Which transformation could take place at the anode of an electrochemical cell?
A) Cr2O72- → Cr2+
B) to
C) O2 to H2O
D) HAsO2 to As
E) None of the above could take place at the anode.
Answer: E
LO: 20.3
GO: G2
11) The purpose of the salt bridge in an electrochemical cell is to ________.

A) maintain electrical neutrality in the half-cells via migration of ions
B) provide a source of ions to react at the anode and cathode
C) provide oxygen to facilitate oxidation at the anode
D) provide a means for electrons to travel from the anode to the cathode
E) provide a means for electrons to travel from the cathode to the anode
Answer: A
LO: 20.3
GO: G2
12) Which transformation below is an example of an oxidation in an electrochemical cell?

A) CO2 → C2O42-
B) VO2+ → VO2+
C) NO → NO3-
D) H2AsO4 → H3AsO3
E) O2 → H2O2
Answer: C
LO: 20.3
GO: G2
13) Which transformation could take place at the cathode of an electrochemical cell?
A) MnO2 → MnO4-
B) Br2 → BrO3-
C) NO → HNO2
D) HSO4- → H2SO3
E) Mn2+ → MnO4-
Answer: D
LO: 20.3
GO: G2
4
Table 20.1
Half Reaction E°(V)
F2 (g) + 2e- → 2F- (aq) +2.87
Cl2 (g) + 2e- → 2Cl- (aq) +1.359
Br2 (l) + 2e- → 2Br- (aq) +1.065
O2 (g) + (aq) + 4e- → 2H2O (l) +1.23
Ag+ + e- → Ag (s) +0.799
Fe3+ (aq) + e- → (aq) +0.771
-
I2 (s) + 2e → (aq) +0.536
Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu (s) +0.34
2H+ + 2e- → (g) 0
2+ -
Pb + 2e → Pb (s) -0.126
Ni2+ + 2e- → Ni (s) -0.28
Li+ + e- → Li (s) -3.05
14) Which of the halogens in Table 20.1 is the strongest oxidizing agent?
A) Cl2
B) Br2
C) F2
D) I2
E) All of the halogens have equal strength as oxidizing agents.
Answer: C
LO: 20.5
GO: G3
15) Which one of the following types of elements is most likely to be a good oxidizing agent?
A) alkali metals
B) lanthanides
C) alkaline earth elements
D) transition elements
E) halogens
Answer: E
LO: 20.5
GO: G3
5
16) Which one of the following is the best oxidizing agent?
A) H2
B) Na
C) O2
D) Li
E) Ca
Answer: C
LO: 20.5
GO: G3
Table 20.2
17) Which of the following reactions will occur spontaneously as written?

A) Sn4+ (aq) + Fe3+ (aq) → Sn2+ (aq) + Fe2+ (aq)
B) 3Fe (s) + 2Cr3+ (aq) → 2Cr (s) + 3Fe2+ (aq)
C) Sn4+ (aq) + Fe2+ (aq) → Sn2+ (aq) + Fe (s)
D) 3Sn4+ (aq) + 2Cr (s) → 2Cr3+ (aq) + 3Sn2+ (aq)
E) 3Fe2+ (aq) → Fe (s) + 2Fe3+ (aq)
Answer: D
LO: 20.6
GO: G3
18) Which of the following reactions will occur spontaneously as written?

A) 3Fe2+ (aq) + Cr3+ (aq) → Cr (s) + 3Fe3+ (aq)
B) 2Cr3+ (aq) + 3Sn2+ (aq) → 3Sn4+ (aq) + 2Cr (s)
C) Sn4+ (aq) + Fe2+ (s) → Sn2+ (aq) + Fe (s)
D) Sn2+ (aq) + Fe2+ (s) → Sn4+ (aq) + Fe3+ (aq)
E) 2Cr (s) + 3Fe2+ (s) → 3Fe (s) + 2Cr3+ (aq)
Answer: E
LO: 20.6
GO: G3
6
19) Consider an electrochemical cell based on the reaction:
2H+ (aq) + Sn (s) → Sn2+ (aq) + H2 (g)
Which of the following actions would change the measured cell potential?
A) increasing the pH in the cathode compartment
B) lowering the pH in the cathode compartment
C) increasing the [Sn2+] in the anode compartment
D) increasing the pressure of hydrogen gas in the cathode compartment
E) Any of the above will change the measure cell potential.
Answer: E
LO: 20.7
GO: G2
20) Consider an electrochemical cell based on the reaction:

2H+ (aq) + Sn (s) → Sn2+ (aq) + H2 (g)
Which of the following actions would not change the measured cell potential?
A) lowering the pH in the cathode compartment
B) addition of more tin metal to the anode compartment
C) increasing the tin (II) ion concentration in the anode compartment
D) increasing the pressure of hydrogen gas in the cathode compartment
E) Any of the above will change the measured cell potential.
Answer: B
LO: 20.7
GO: G2
21) What is the anode in an alkaline battery?

A) MnO2
B) KOH
C) Zn powder
D) Mn2O3
E) Pt
Answer: C
LO: 20.8
GO: G2
7
22) What is the cathode in an alkaline battery?
A) MnO2
B) KOH
C) Zn powder
D) Mn2O3
E) Pt
Answer: A
LO: 20.8
GO: G2
23) What is being reduced at the cathode in the hydrogen fuel cell?
A) O2
B) KOH
C) Li
D) H2
E) Pt
Answer: A
LO: 20.10
GO: G2
24) In a lead-acid battery, the electrodes are consumed. In this battery, ________.
A) the anode is Pb
B) the anode is PbSO4
C) the anode is PbO2
D) the cathode is PbSO4
E) the cathode is Pb
Answer: A
LO: 20.8
GO: G2
8
25) Which of the statements about cathodic protection of a metal pipe against corrosion is
correct?
A) The metal pipe is protected by attaching an active metal to make the pipe the cathode in an
electrochemical cell
B) The metal pipe is protected by coating the pipe with another metal whose standard reduction
potential is less negative than that of the pipe
C) The metal pipe is protected by attaching a dry cell to reduce any metal ions which might be
formed
D) The metal pipe is protected by attaching an active metal to make the pipe the anode in an
electrochemical cell
E) The metal pipe is protected by coating the pipe with a fluoropolymer to act as a source of
fluoride ion (since the latter is so hard to oxidize)
Answer: A
LO: 20.11
GO: G2
26) One of the differences between a voltaic cell and an electrolytic cell is that in an electrolytic
cell, ________.
A) an electric current is produced by a chemical reaction
B) electrons flow toward the anode
C) a nonspontaneous reaction is forced to occur
D) O2 gas is produced at the cathode
E) oxidation occurs at the cathode
Answer: C
LO: 20.12
GO: G2
9
20.2 Bimodal Questions
1) The loss of electrons by an element is called ________.

A) fractionation
B) reduction
C) disproportionation
D) oxidation
E) sublimation
Answer: D
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
2) Which element is oxidized in the following reaction?
Cr2O72- + 6S2O32- + 14H+ → 2Cr3+ + 3S4O62- + 7H2O
A) S4O62-
B) Cr
C) H
D) O
E) S
Answer: E
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
3) Which element is reduced in the following reaction?
Cr2O72- + 6S2O32- + 14H+ → 2Cr3+ + 3S4O62- + 7H2O
A) H
B) Cr
C) O
D) S
E) S4O62-
Answer: B
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
10
4) ________ is the reducing agent in the reaction below.
Cr2O72- + 6S2O32- + 14H+ → 2Cr3+ + 3S4O62- + 7H2O
A) Cr2O72-
B) S2O32-
C) H+
D) Cr3+
E) S4O62-
Answer: B
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
5) ________ is the reducing agent in the reaction below.

Na(s) + 2Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s)
A) Cl2
B) NaCl
C) Na+
D) Na
E) Cl-
Answer: D
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
6) ________ is the oxidizing agent in the reaction below.

Na(s) + 2Cl2(g) → 2NaCl(s)
A) Na+
B) Cl-
C) Na
D) NaCl
E) Cl2
Answer: E
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
11
7) Which substance is serving as the oxidizing agent in the following reaction?
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
A) H2O
B) CH4
C) O2
D) CO2
E) The reaction above is not a redox reaction
Answer: C
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
8) Which substance is the oxidizing agent in the reaction below?

Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 → 2PbSO4 + 2H2O
A) Pb
B) PbSO4
C) H2SO4
D) PbO2
E) H2O
Answer: D
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
9) Which substance does not undergo oxidation or reduction in the reaction below?
Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 → 2PbSO4 + 2H2O
A) Pb
B) H2SO4
C) PbO2
D) PbSO4
E) The reaction above is not a redox reaction
Answer: B
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
12
10) What is the oxidation number of chromium in K2Cr2O7?
A) +3
B) +12
C) +6
D) +7
E) +14
Answer: C
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
11) What is the oxidation number of oxygen in H2O2?

A) 0
B) +1
C) +2
D) -1
E) -2
Answer: D
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
12) What is the oxidation number of manganese in KMnO4?

A) +1
B) +2
C) +7
D) +4
E) +5
Answer: C
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
13) What is the oxidation number of manganese in MnO2?

A) +3
B) +2
C) +1
D) +4
E) +7
Answer: D
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
13
14) What is the oxidation number of oxygen in K2O2?
A) -2
B) +1
C) -1
D) +2
E) -1/2
Answer: C
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
15) ________ electrons appear in the following half-reaction when it is balanced.
S4O62- → 2S2O32-
A) 6
B) 2
C) 4
D) 1
E) 3
Answer: B
LO: 20.2
GO: G2
16) The balanced half-reaction in which chlorine gas is reduced to the aqueous chloride ion is a
________ process.
A) one-electron
B) two-electron
C) four-electron
D) three-electron
E) six-electron
Answer: B
LO: 20.2
GO: G2
14
17) The balanced half-reaction in which dichromate ion is reduced to chromium metal is a
________ process.
A) two-electron
B) six-electron
C) three-electron
D) four-electron
E) twelve-electron
Answer: E
LO: 20.2
GO: G2
18) The balanced half-reaction in which ethanol, CH3CH2OH, is oxidized to ethanoic acid,
CH3COOH.
is a ________ process.
A) twelve-electron
B) three-electron
C) four-electron
D) six-electron
E) two-electron
Answer: C
LO: 20.2
GO: G2
19) The balanced half-reaction in which sulfate ion is reduced to sulfite ion is a ________
process.
A) four-electron
B) one-electron
C) two-electron
D) three-electron
E) six-electron
Answer: C
LO: 20.2
GO: G2
20) The electrode at which oxidation occurs is called the ________.

A) oxidizing agent
B) cathode
C) reducing agent
D) anode
E) voltaic cell
Answer: D
LO: 20.3
GO: G2
15
21) The half-reaction occurring at the anode in the balanced reaction shown below is ________.
3MnO4- (aq) + 24H+ (aq) + 5Fe (s) → 3Mn2+ (aq) + 5Fe3+ (aq) + 12H2O (l)
A) MnO4- (aq) + 8H+ (aq) + 5e- → Mn2+ (aq) + 4H2O (l)

B) 2MnO4- (aq) + 12H+ (aq) + 6e- → 2Mn2+ (aq) + 3H2O (l)
C) Fe (s) → Fe3+ (aq) + 3e-
D) Fe (s) → Fe2+ (aq) + 2e-
E) Fe2+ (aq) → Fe3+ (aq) + e-
Answer: C
LO: 20.3
GO: G2
22) The half-reaction occurring at the cathode in the balanced reaction shown below is
________.
3MnO4- (aq) + 24H+ (aq) + 5Fe (s) → 3Mn2+ (aq) + 5Fe3+ (aq) + 12H2O (l)
A) MnO4- (aq) + 8H+ (aq) + 5 → Mn2+ (aq) + 4H2O (l)

B) 2MnO4- (aq) + 12H+ (aq) + 6e- → 2Mn2+ (aq) + 3H2O (l)
C) Fe (s) → Fe3+ (aq) + 3e-
D) Fe (s) → Fe2+ (aq) + 2e-
E) Fe2+ (aq) → Fe3+ (aq) + e-
Answer: A
LO: 20.3
GO: G2
23) In a voltaic cell, electrons flow from the ________ to the ________.
A) salt bride, anode
B) anode, salt bridge
C) cathode, anode
D) salt bridge, cathode
E) anode, cathode
Answer: E
LO: 20.3
GO: G2
16
24) The reduction half reaction occurring in the standard hydrogen electrode is ________.
A) H2 (g, 1 atm) → 2H+ (aq, 1M) + 2e-
B) 2H+ (aq) + 2O → H2O (l)
C) O2 (g) + 4H+ (aq) + 4e- → 2H2O (l)
D) 2H+ (aq, 1M) + 2e- → H2 (g, 1 atm)
E) 2H+ (aq, 1M) + Cl2 (aq) → 2HCl (aq)
Answer: D
LO: 20.4
GO: G2
25) 1V = ________.
A) 1 amp ∙ s
B) 1 J/s
C) 96485 C
D) 1 J/C
E) 1 C/J
Answer: D
LO: 20.4
GO: G2
26) The less ________ the value of E°red, the lower the driving force for reduction.
A) negative
B) exothermic
C) positive
D) endothermic
E) extensive
Answer: C
LO: 20.4
GO: G2
17
Table 20.2
27) The standard cell potential (E°cell) for the voltaic cell based on the reaction below is
________ V.
Sn2+ (aq) + 2Fe3+ (aq) → 2Fe2+ (aq) + Sn4+ (aq)
A) +0.46
B) +0.617
C) +1.39
D) -0.46
E) +1.21
Answer: B
LO: 20.4
GO: G3
________ V.
Cr (s) + 3Fe3+ (aq) → 3Fe2+ (aq) + Cr3+ (aq)
A) -1.45
B) +2.99
C) +1.51
D) +3.05
E) +1.57
Answer: C
LO: 20.4
GO: G3
18
________ V.
2Cr (s) + 3Fe2+ (aq) → 3Fe (s) + 2Cr3+ (aq)
A) +0.30
B) +2.80
C) +3.10
D) +0.83
E) -0.16
Answer: A
LO: 20.4
GO: G3
________ V.
3Sn4+ (aq) + 2Cr (s) → 2Cr3+ (aq) + 3Sn2+ (aq)
A) +1.94
B) +0.89
C) +2.53
D) -0.59
E) -1.02
Answer: B
LO: 20.4
GO: G3
31) The relationship between the change in Gibbs free energy and the emf of an electrochemical
cell is given by ________.
A) ΔG =
B) ΔG =
C) ΔG = -nFE
D) ΔG = -nRTF
E) ΔG =
Answer: C
LO: 20.6
GO: G2
19
32) The standard cell potential (E°cell) of the reaction below is +0.126 V. The value of for
the reaction is ________ kJ/mol.
Pb (s) + 2H+(aq) → Pb2+ (aq) + H2 (g)
A) -24.3
B) +24.3
C) -12.6
D) +12.6
E) -50.8
Answer: A
LO: 20.6
GO: G4
33) The standard cell potential (E°cell) of the reaction below is -0.55 V. The value of for the
reaction is ________ J/mol.
I2 (s) + 2Br- (aq) → 2I- (aq) + Br2 (l)
A) 0.54
B) 0.55
C) 5.5 × 10-6
D) 1.1 × 105
E) none of the above
Answer: D
LO: 20.6
GO: G4
34) The standard cell potential (E°cell) of the reaction below is -0.34 V. The value of for the
reaction is ________ kJ/mol.
Cu (s) + 2H+ (aq) → Cu2+ (aq) + H2 (g)
A) -0.34
B) +66
C) -130
D) +130
E) none of the above
Answer: B
LO: 20.6
GO: G4
20
35) The standard cell potential (E°cell) of the reaction below is +1.34 V. The value of for the
reaction is ________ kJ/mol.
3 Cu (s) + 2 MnO4- (aq) + 8H+ (aq) → 3 Cu2+ (aq) + 2 MnO2 (s) + 4 H2O (l)
A) -24.3
B) +259
C) -259
D) +776
E) -776
Answer: E
LO: 20.6
GO: G4
36) The lead-containing reactant(s) consumed during recharging of a lead-acid battery is/are
________.
A) Pb (s) only
B) PbO2 (s) only
C) PbSO4 (s) only
D) both Pb (s) and PbSO4 (s)
E) both Pb (s) and PbO2 (s)
Answer: C
LO: 20.8
GO: G2
37) Galvanized iron is iron coated with ________.

A) magnesium
B) zinc
C) chromium
D) phosphate
E) iron oxide
Answer: B
LO: 20.11
GO: G2
21
38) Corrosion of iron is retarded by ________.
A) the presence of salts
B) high pH conditions
C) low pH conditions
D) both the presence of salts and high pH conditions
E) both the presence of salts and low pH conditions
Answer: B
LO: 20.11
GO: G2
20.3 Algorithmic Questions
1) What is the oxidation number of bromine in the HBrO molecule?

A) +1
B) +2
C) 0
D) -1
E) -2
Answer: A
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
2) What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in the NH2OH molecule?

A) -1
B) -2
C) -3
D) 0
E) +1
Answer: A
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
3) What is the oxidation number of sulfur in the S2O32– ion?

A) +2
B) +1
C) 0
D) -1
E) -2
Answer: A
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
22
4) Which substance is the oxidizing agent in the reaction below?
Fe (l) + 2HI (g) → Fe (s) + CO (g) + (g)
A) HI
B) Fe(CO)5
C) Fe(CO)4I2
D) CO
E) H2
Answer: A
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
5) Which element is reduced in the reaction below?

Fe2+ + H+ + Cr2O72- → Fe3+ + Cr3+ + O
A) Cr
B) Fe
C) H
D) O
Answer: A
LO: 20.1
GO: G2

I- + MnO4- + H+ → I2 + MnO2 + H2O
A) I
B) Mn
C) O
D) H
Answer: A
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
23
7) Which element is reduced in the following reaction?
+ 12HN → 2Fe(N + 3S + 6N + 6H2O
A) N
B) S
C) H
D) O
E)
Answer: A
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
8) What is the oxidation number of phosphorous in the PH3 molecule?

A) -3
B) -4
C) -5
D) +1
E) 0
Answer: A
LO: 20.1
GO: G2
9) What is the correct coefficient for the electrons in the following half-reaction:
Ni6+ + ___e– → Ni
A) 6
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 5
Answer: A
LO: 20.2
GO: G2
24
10) In the galvanic cell using the redox reaction below, the reduction half-reaction is ________.
Zn (s) + (aq) → (aq) + Cu (s)
A) Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu
B) Zn → Zn2+ + 2e–
C) Cu2+ → Cu + 2e–
D) Zn + 2e– → Zn2+
Answer: A
LO: 20.3
GO: G2
11) In the electrochemical cell using the redox reaction below, the cathode half-reaction is
________.
2 (s) + Sn (s) → (aq) + H2 (g)
A) 2H+ + 2e– → H2
B) Sn → Sn2+ + 2e–
C) 2H+ → H2 + 2e–
D) Sn + 2e– → Sn2+
E) Sn + → H2
Answer: A
LO: 20.3
GO: G2
12) In the electrochemical cell using the redox reaction below, the oxidation half reaction is
________.
(aq) + Fe (s) → (aq) + (aq)
A) Sn4+ + 2e– → Sn2+

B) Fe → Fe2+ + 2e–
C) Sn4+ → Sn2+ + 2e–
D) Fe + 2e– → Fe2+
E) Fe + →
Answer: B
LO: 20.3
GO: G2
25
13) The standard cell potential (E°) of a voltaic cell constructed using the cell reaction below is
0.76 V:
Zn (s) + (aq) → (aq) + (g)
With = 1.0 atm and [ ] = 1.0 M, the cell potential is 0.53 V. At 25 °C, the concentration
of in the cathode compartment is ________ M.
A) 1.3 × 10-4
B) 1.7 × 10-8
C) 1.1 × 10-2
D) 7.7 × 103
E) 1.3 × 10-11
Answer: A
LO: 20.7
GO: G4
14) A voltaic cell is constructed with two silver-silver chloride electrodes, where the half-
reaction is
AgCl (s) + → Ag (s) + (aq) E° = +0.222 V
The concentrations of chloride ion in the two compartments are 0.0100 M and 1.55 M,
respectively. At 25 °C, the cell emf is ________ V.
A) 0.216
B) 0.130
C) 0.00143
D) 34.4
E) 0.228
Answer: B
LO: 20.7
GO: G4
26
15) The standard cell potential ( ) for the reaction below is +0.63 V. At 25 °C, the cell
potential for this reaction is ________ V when [ ] = 3.0 M and [ ]=
(aq) + Zn (s) → (aq) + Pb (s)
A) 0.51
B) 0.86
C) 0.40
D) 0.75
E) 0.63
Answer: A
LO: 20.7
GO: G4
16) The standard cell potential ( ) for the reaction below is +1.10 V. The cell potential for
this reaction is ________ V when the concentration of and
Zn (s) + (aq) → Cu (s) + (aq)
A) 1.42
B) 1.26
C) 0.94
D) 0.78
E) 1.10
Answer: C
LO: 20.7
GO: G4
17) A voltaic cell is constructed with two -Zn electrodes, where the half-reaction is
+ → Zn (s) E° = -0.763 V
The concentrations of zinc ion in the two compartments are 4.50 M and 1.11 × M,
respectively. The cell emf is ________ V.
A) -1.88 ×
B) -309
C) 0.0772
D) 0.154
E) -0.761
Answer: C
LO: 20.7
GO: G4
27
18) The standard emf for the cell using the overall cell reaction below is +2.20 V:
2Al (s) + (s) → (aq) + (aq)
The emf generated by the cell when [ ] = 3.5 × M and [ ] = 0.30 M is

A) 2.20
B) 2.28
C) 2.12
D) 2.36
E) 2.23
Answer: B
LO: 20.7
GO: G4
19) The standard emf for the cell using the overall cell reaction below is +0.48 V:
Zn (s) + (aq) → (aq) + Ni (s)
The emf generated by the cell when [ ] = 0.100 M and [ ] = 2.25 M is

A) 0.56
B) 0.50
C) 0.44
D) 0.40
E) 0.52
Answer: C
LO: 20.7
GO: G4
20) How many kilowatt-hours of electricity are used to produce 4.50 kg of magnesium in the
electrolysis of molten with an applied emf of 5.00 V?
A) 0.0201
B) 0.0496
C) 12.4
D) 49.6
E) 24.8
Answer: D
LO: 20.13
GO: G4
28
21) The most useful ore of aluminum is bauxite, in which Al is present as hydrated oxides,
The number of kilowatt-hours of electricity required to produce of
aluminum from electrolysis of compounds from bauxite is ________ when the applied emf is
A) 0.0249
B) 0.0402
C) 26.8
D) 13.4
E) 40.2
Answer: E
LO: 20.13
GO: G4
22) The town of Natrium, West Virginia, derives its name from the sodium produced in the
electrolysis of molten sodium chloride (NaCl) mined from ancient salt deposits. The number of
kilowatt-hours of electricity required to produce 4.50 kg of metallic sodium from the electrolysis
of molten NaCl(s) is ________ when the applied emf is 5.00 V.
A) 26.2
B) 0.0381
C) 0.0262
D) 52.5
E) 13.1
Answer: A
LO: 20.13
GO: G4
23) The electrolysis of molten for 2.50 hr with an electrical current of 12.0 A produces
of aluminum metal.
A) 90.7
B) 0.373
C) 2.80 ×
D) 10.1
E) 30.2
Answer: D
LO: 20.13
GO: G4
29
24) How many seconds are required to produce 5.00 g of aluminum metal from the electrolysis
of molten with an electrical current of 15.0 A?
A) 27.0
B) 9.00
C) 1.19E × 103
D) 2.90 × 105
E) 3.57 × 103
Answer: E
LO: 20.13
GO: G4
25) How many minutes will it take to plate out 2.19 g of chromium metal from a solution of
using a current of 19.5 amps in an electrolytic cell?
A) 10.4
B) 625
C) 208
D) 3.47
E) 31.2
Answer: A
LO: 20.13
GO: G4
26) What current (in A) is required to plate out 1.22 g of nickel from a solution of in 0.50
hour?
A) 65.4
B) 8.02 ×
C) 2.22
D) 12.9
E) 4.46
Answer: C
LO: 20.13
GO: G4
30
27) How many grams of Ca metal are produced by the electrolysis of molten Ca using a
current of 30.0 amp for 8.0 hours?
A) 17.9
B) 359
C) 0.0622
D) 179
E) 89.7
Answer: D
LO: 20.13
GO: G4
28) How many grams of Cu are obtained by passing a current of 12 A through a solution of
for 15 minutes?
A) 0.016
B) 3.6
C) 7.1
D) 14
E) 1.8
Answer: B
LO: 20.13
GO: G4
29) How many seconds are required to produce 1.0 g of silver metal by the electrolysis of a AgN
solution using a current of 60 amps?
A) 5.4 ×
B) 3.2 ×
C) 15
D) 3.7 ×
E) 30
Answer: C
LO: 20.13
GO: G4
31
30) How many grams of copper will be plated out by a current of 2.3 A applied for 35 minutes to
a 0.50 M solution of copper (II) sulfate?
A) 1.6
B) 3.2
C) 1.8 ×
D) 3.6 ×
E) 0.019
Answer: A
LO: 20.13
GO: G4
31) How much time (min) will it require to plate out 4.56 g of Ni metal from a solution of Ni2+
using a current of 35.5 amps in an electrolytic cell?
A) 4.55
B) 3.52
C) 211
D) 7.04
E) 422
Answer: D
LO: 20.13
GO: G4
32) How many minutes will it take to plate out 16.22 g of Al metal from a solution of Al3+ using
a current of 14.6 amps in an electrolytic cell?
A) 53.0
B) 66.2
C) 153
D) 199
E) 11900
Answer: D
LO: 20.13
GO: G4
32
20.4 Short Answer
1) Based on standard reduction potentials, the most difficult species to reduce and the poorest
oxidizing agent is ________.
Answer: lithium ion; Li+
LO: 20.6
GO: G2
2) At constant ________ and ________ the Gibbs free energy value is a measure of the
spontaneity of a process.
Answer: temperature, pressure
LO: 20.6
GO: G2
3) In the formula ΔG = -nFE, n is the ________.

Answer: number of electrons transferred in the reaction
LO: 20.6
GO: G2
4) Define the Nernst equation.

Answer: the dependence of cell emf on concentration
LO: 20.7
GO: G2
5) The potential (E) to move K+ from the extracellular fluid to the intracellular fluid necessitates
work. The sign for this potential is ________.
Answer: negative
LO: 20.7
GO: G2
6) The ________ of the alkaline battery is powdered zinc in a gel that contacts potassium
hydroxide.
Answer: anode
LO: 20.8
GO: G2
7) The major product of a ________ fuel cell is water.

Answer: hydrogen
LO: 20.10
GO: G2
33
8) What is a galvanized iron nail?
Answer: when an iron nail is coated with a thin layer of zinc to protect against corrosion
LO: 20.8
GO: G2
9) Define a coulomb.
Answer: the quantity of charge passing a point in a circuit in one second when the current is one
ampere
LO: 20.12
GO: G2
10) Calculate the number of grams of aluminum produced in 1.00 hour by electrolysis of AlCl3
at a current of 10.0 A.
Answer: 3.36
LO: 20.13
GO: G2
20.5 True/False Questions
1) The electrode where reduction occurs is called the anode.

Answer: FALSE
LO: 20.3
GO: G2
2) In a voltaic cell electrons flow from the anode to the cathode.

Answer: TRUE
LO: 20.3
GO: G2
3) When the cell potential is negative in a voltaic cell, the cell reaction will not proceed
spontaneously.
Answer: TRUE
LO: 20.5
GO: G2
4) The standard reduction potential, E°red, is proportional to the stoichiometric coefficient.

Answer: FALSE
LO: 20.4
GO: G2
34
5) The standard reduction potential of X is 1.23 V and that of Y is -0.44 V; therefore X is
oxidized by Y.
Answer: FALSE
LO: 20.4
GO: G2
6) The lithium ion battery has more energy per unit mass than nickel-cadmium batteries.
Answer: TRUE
LO: 20.9
GO: G2
7) In a half reaction, the amount of a substance that is reduced or oxidized is directly

proportional to the number of electrons generated in the cell.
Answer: TRUE
LO: 20.12
GO: G2
8) The amount of a substance that is reduced or oxidized is inversely proportional to the number
of electrons produced in a cells half reaction.
Answer: FALSE
LO: 20.12
GO: G2
35

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Chemistry: The Central Science, 14e (Brown, et al.

1) Which element is oxidized in the reaction below?

2) Which element is oxidized in the reaction below?

3) Which element is oxidized in the reaction below?

(a) K2CrO4 + BaCl2 → BaCrO4 + 2KCl

5) Which one of the following reactions is a redox reaction?

6) Which substance is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction?

9) What is the coefficient of when the following equation is balanced?

11) The purpose of the salt bridge in an electrochemical cell is to ________.

12) Which transformation below is an example of an oxidation in an electrochemical cell?

17) Which of the following reactions will occur spontaneously as written?

18) Which of the following reactions will occur spontaneously as written?

2H+ (aq) + Sn (s) → Sn2+ (aq) + H2 (g)

20) Consider an electrochemical cell based on the reaction:

21) What is the anode in an alkaline battery?

1) The loss of electrons by an element is called ________.

2) Which element is oxidized in the following reaction?

Cr2O72- + 6S2O32- + 14H+ → 2Cr3+ + 3S4O62- + 7H2O

3) Which element is reduced in the following reaction?

Cr2O72- + 6S2O32- + 14H+ → 2Cr3+ + 3S4O62- + 7H2O

5) ________ is the reducing agent in the reaction below.

6) ________ is the oxidizing agent in the reaction below.

8) Which substance is the oxidizing agent in the reaction below?

11) What is the oxidation number of oxygen in H2O2?

12) What is the oxidation number of manganese in KMnO4?

13) What is the oxidation number of manganese in MnO2?

15) ________ electrons appear in the following half-reaction when it is balanced.

20) The electrode at which oxidation occurs is called the ________.

A) MnO4- (aq) + 8H+ (aq) + 5e- → Mn2+ (aq) + 4H2O (l)

A) MnO4- (aq) + 8H+ (aq) + 5 → Mn2+ (aq) + 4H2O (l)

Cr (s) + 3Fe3+ (aq) → 3Fe2+ (aq) + Cr3+ (aq)

37) Galvanized iron is iron coated with ________.

20.3 Algorithmic Questions

1) What is the oxidation number of bromine in the HBrO molecule?

2) What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in the NH2OH molecule?

3) What is the oxidation number of sulfur in the S2O32– ion?

5) Which element is reduced in the reaction below?

6) Which element is oxidized in the reaction below?

8) What is the oxidation number of phosphorous in the PH3 molecule?

Zn (s) + (aq) → (aq) + Cu (s)

2 (s) + Sn (s) → (aq) + H2 (g)

(aq) + Fe (s) → (aq) + (aq)

A) Sn4+ + 2e– → Sn2+

Zn (s) + (aq) → (aq) + (g)

AgCl (s) + → Ag (s) + (aq) E° = +0.222 V

2Al (s) + (s) → (aq) + (aq)

The emf generated by the cell when [ ] = 3.5 × M and [ ] = 0.30 M is

Zn (s) + (aq) → (aq) + Ni (s)

The emf generated by the cell when [ ] = 0.100 M and [ ] = 2.25 M is

3) In the formula ΔG = -nFE, n is the ________.

4) Define the Nernst equation.

7) The major product of a ________ fuel cell is water.

20.5 True/False Questions

1) The electrode where reduction occurs is called the anode.

2) In a voltaic cell electrons flow from the anode to the cathode.

4) The standard reduction potential, E°red, is proportional to the stoichiometric coefficient.

7) In a half reaction, the amount of a substance that is reduced or oxidized is directly

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