Demo 9 Gerund

1.
Studying and excelling in many

extra-curricular programs and my
church youth group have given me
many opportunities to improve my
school as well as to help the
community.
2. Some activities that make
me happy are doing volunteer
work and pursuing my career.
3. I am confident in saying that I
am well-adapted and prepared
to succeed and be involved in
the community.
4. My passion, helping
people, gives me
satisfaction..
• What do you notice about the
underlined words?
• What do you call a word derived from
a verb?
• What name do we give to a verbal
ending in -ing used as noun?
• How is a gerund used in each
sentence?
GERUNDS
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson the learners should
be able to:
• Distinguish the different functions/uses
of gerunds as a noun
• Identify how gerunds are use in a
sentence
• Construct sentence using the difference
functions of gerund
GERUNDS
GERUNDS
A gerund is a verb in its present
participle form (root verb + “ing”)
that acts as a noun in a sentence.
Gerunds are often confused with present
participle phrases because both of these
parts of speech take an -ing form.
However, gerunds always function as
verbal nouns or noun phrases (e.g.,
“He likes running”), whereas present
participles function as a verb phrase
(e.g., “He is running”).
Examples of GERUNDS in a
sentence:
• Running is my favorite exercise.
• My favorite hobby, dancing to music, is
my escape.
• Sleeping in my own bed is my most
favorite thing.
Just like nouns and noun phrases,
gerunds can be used in several
different ways in sentences.
FUNCTIONS OF GERUND AS A NOUN:
1. Use as a Subject
When the gerund is performing the
action in the sentence, it's
functioning as a subject. The
gerunds usually appears before the
verbs in these cases.
Examples:
• Reading books entertains her.

• Brushing your cats keeps them happy
and healthy.
FUNCTIONS/USES OF GERUND AS A NOUN:
1. Use as a Subject
2. Use as a Subject Complement

Complement - which comes
after the verb and describes or
identifies the subject.
The subject complement follows a linking
verb (a verb that expresses a state of
being). A verb of being is called a linking
verb because it simply links the subject with
the subject complement, without
expressing any action.
The subject complement follows a linking verb (a
verb that expresses a state of being). A verb of
being is called a linking verb because it simply
links the subject with the subject complement,
without expressing any action.
Subject complements are words
or phrases that rename the subject
of the sentence or describe it with
more details.
• The exam was difficult. [No Gerund]
• The exam was frustrating. [Gerund Included]
Both “difficult” and “frustrating” work as subject

complements. They tell the us what the exam
was—in these cases, difficult and frustrating.
While these two words may seem
interchangeable, “frustrating” gives readers a
more specific idea or mental image, while
“difficult” can be unclear.
• The climb up the hill was a challenge. [No
Gerund Phrase]
• The climb up the hill was challenging to
finish. [Gerund Phrase Included]
Here, we’ve replaced “a challenge” with its

gerund phrase equivalent as the subject
complement of this sentence. We now know
what specifically was challenging about the
climb.
Formula: SUBJECT + VERB+SUBJECT
COMPLEMENT (GERUND = verb base + -ing)
Examples:
• My favorite pastime is reading books.

• Something that I hate is working long
hours.
• All I have been doing is watching TV.
• One of the things I do is exercising.
• My favorite thing to do is cooking.
1. Use as a Subject
2. Use as a Subject Complement
3. Use as an Object of Preposition

Like all nouns, you can use gerund
phrases as objects of prepositions in a
sentence. That means they follow a
preposition in the sentence to provide
more information.
A preposition is a word used to link
nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other
words within a sentence. They act to
connect the people, objects, time and
locations of a sentence.
Prepositions are usually short words,
and they are normally placed directly in
front of nouns. In some cases, you’ll find
prepositions in front of gerund verbs.
Several of the most frequently used
words in all of English, such as of, to,
for, with, on and at, is a preposition.
Several of the most frequently used words in all
of English, such as of, to, for, with, on and at, is a
preposition.
• I have to go home after exercising.
[Gerund Included]
The gerund “exercising” helps tell us

when specifically I will go home. When will I
go home? After exercising.
Examples:
• Thank you for choosing my lesson.
• I’m thinking about living in Norway
• I’m interested in collecting stamps.
• I will call you after arriving at the office.
• The police arrested him for speeding
• Can you sneeze without opening your mouth?
• She is good at painting.
• Leslie got into trouble for talking to Sarah.
• Brush you teeth before going to bed.
• Call my mom after doing the laundry
• Besides singing, Sarah likes dancing.
4. Use as Direct Object

Direct Object- receives the action of
the verb (after the verb ask ''what or
whom?'')
Direct Object- receives the action of
the verb (after the verb ask ''what or
whom?'')
When the gerund receives the action

in the sentence, it's the direct object.
Examples:
• Sarah enjoys singing.

• My neighbors admire my gardening
• They do not appreciate my singing.
• I love reading.
• Patrick loves photographing.
4. Use as Direct Object
5. Use as a Appositives
A gerund can be used as an
appositive, a word or group of
words that renames a noun and
gives more information about it.
(the noun or pronoun will be in blue, the
appositive will be in red).
• Your friend Bill is in trouble.

• My brother's car, a sporty red
convertible with bucket seats, is the
envy of my friends.
Examples:
• Low-impact sports, like riding a bike,

cause less stress on your knees.
• Genealogy, exploring one's family roots,

often involves research into last names.
APPLICATION
I. Directions: Convert the following
verbs to a gerund and construct them
into sentences according to the uses
of gerund (according to your choice).
1. sell 4. talk
2. bake 5. send
3. write
II. Directions: Read the following
given sentences and identify where
the gerund is and to how it was being
use in the sentence.
Example: Jogging is my favorite

exercise. -Gerund used as a subject
1. Andrea's favorite sport is running.
2. Reading helps to broaden your
knowledge.
3. My only favorite hobby, sleeping, is
what I'm excited about going home.
4. Kyla keeps herself at ease by
watching the sunset.
5. Eating is what I do when I am stress.
6. Running is his favorite activity.
7. They do not appreciate my singing.
8. The police arrested him for speeding.
9. His favorite activity is reading.
10. Colorful fishes, swimming, is what I
came for in the Manila Ocean Park.
THANK YOU!

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1.

Studying and excelling in many

• Reading books entertains her.

2. Use as a Subject Complement

Both “difficult” and “frustrating” work as subject

Here, we’ve replaced “a challenge” with its

• My favorite pastime is reading books.

2. Use as a Subject Complement

3. Use as an Object of Preposition

The gerund “exercising” helps tell us

4. Use as Direct Object

When the gerund receives the action

• Sarah enjoys singing.

4. Use as Direct Object

• Your friend Bill is in trouble.

• Low-impact sports, like riding a bike,

• Genealogy, exploring one's family roots,

Example: Jogging is my favorite

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