MUSIC

LESSON 1
ROMANTIC ART SONG
MASTER OF THE ART SONG - Franz Schubert
ART SONG
-Short piece for solo voice and piano
-One of the most distinctive forms in this era
-Became its own category of vocal music
-Very lyrical
-Poetry and music are intimately fused in art song

MELODY
-The melody of art song is poetic in nature , and its tone were more lyrical than the dramatic tones of
the opera
-Its goal is to turn specific words or phrases into a musical scene

ACCOMPANIMENT
-The piano helped add more emotion into the Romantic art song.
-Accompaniment enhances the mood and meaning of the text by harmonic, rhythmic, and melodic
material independent of the voice part.

FORM
-The verses are well-written
-Poetic structure is responsible for the musical form of a song
The structure may either be:
THROUGH-COMPOSED FORM
-is different with each stanza and the music closely follows the changing ideas and moods of the poem

STROPHIC FORM
-in each stanza the poem is set to the same music whereas modified strophic form involves consecutive
stanzas playing modified version of the same music.

CHARACTERISTIC OF AN ART SONG

-Short piece for solo voice
-Well-written verses may be either be through-composed or strophic
-Often accompanied by the piano using virtuoso technique
-High artistic and literary quality
-Ends with a postlude (concluding played by the piano)

LESSON 2
ROMANTIC OPERA
-An opera is generally referred to as “a stage presentation or work that combines music, costumes, and
scenery to relay a story. Most operas are sung, with no spoken lines”.
-Shortened from opera in musica
-For over 300 years opera has been one of the most important and best-loved theatrical genres of the
nineteenth century.
-There was an emphasis on emotional revelation displayed in its expressive harmonies, techniques such
as leitmotiv – short, constantly recurring musical phrase – and a closer approach to equality between
vocal and instrumental elements

CHARACTERISTICS OF ROMANTIC OPERA

Melody – long and lyrical with irregular phrases, wide, somewhat angular skips, and a variety of melodic
ideas within one movement
Harmony – expanded with more dissonant chords with more modularity
Rhythm – frequently changes its tempo and time signature
Instrument – used to modify versions of instruments already in orchestra. Tuba, saxophone and celesta
were added to the orchestra
Spectacle – grand opera spectacle was an important as the music
 Machinery
 Ballets
 Choruses
 Crowd scenes

COMPONENTS OF AN OPERA
Libretto – script of an opera, can be original creation or often adaptation of plays tales or novels. The
subjects developed are various: forbidden love, infidelity, revenge, craving for power, war, ancient
myths or historic events
Text – sung by the artists in operas
Different voices classified in 6 principal categories: Soprano, Mezzo-soprano, Contralto/alto, Tenor,
Baritone, and Bass

COMPONENTS OF AN OPERA
3. Music - completes and exalts the libretto and singing by highlighting the intensity of situations.
By playing with rhythms, tones, melodies, nuances, the composers exploit the extraordinary suggestive
power of the music
4. Opera stages – always be an extraordinary place with spectacular visual effects and big machinery

Different singing styles where developed for the opera, such as:
a. Recitative – imitating the pattern and rhythm of speech
b. Aria – when a character expresses feelings through a flowing melody
c. Bel canto – Italian for “beautiful singing”
d. Castrato – young boys were castrated before they reached puberty to avoid the deepening of voice.
Main roles of the opera were written for the castro.
The opera fostered different national styles in 3 of Europe’s leading musical country – France, Germany
and Italy.
a. Comic Opera – also known as light opera, often tackles light, not so delicate subject matter where the
ending often has a happy resolution. Others forms are opera buffa and operetta – the dialogue is often
spoken and not sung
b. Serious Opera – also known as opera seria in Italy and referred to as Neopolitan opera mainly due to
the volume of composers who were from Naples. Often, the story revolves around heroes and myths;
emphasis is also given to the solo voice and bel canto style
c. Opera Semiseria – an opera that has a serious story but has happy ending. That is why some loosely
define it as a combination of the elements of both comic and serious opera
d. Opera Comique – French opera wherein instead of singing, the lines are spoken
e. Grand Opera – a type of opera which emerged in Paris during the 19th century. Opera of a larger
scale, from the flamboyant costumes to the choruses; it also includes ballet.
f. Opera Verismo – Italian for “realism”. A type of opera which emerged from the latter part of the 19 th
century. Characters were often based on everyday people you may meet in real life and the plot is often
melodramatic.

ARTS
LESSON 1
WESTERN CLASSICAL PLAYS AND OPERAS
MUSICAL PLAY
 A form of theater that combines songs with dialogue, acting and dance
 Acting out drama in front of audiences
 Aim is for entertainment
GREEK THEATER
 Ancient Greek Drama (700BC)
 Dionysia
 Tragedy (Late 500 BC)
 Comedy (490 BC)
 Satyr Play
TERMINOLOGIES
 Chorus – in theater means large group of singers
 Orchestra - where the chorus danced and sang
 Theatron – the “seeing place”
 Coryphaeus – chief chorus member
STRUCTURE TERMINOLOGIES
 Prohedria – permanent stone blocks reserved for priests) (499 BC)
 Skene (scene) Backdrop – hung or stood behind orchestra (465 BC)
 Paraskenia - (stone scene wall) (425 BC)
 Proskenion – (in front of the scene)
 Proscenium - stage
 Paradoi or Eisodoi- arched entrances of theater
 5th Century BC, Skene was two stories high
 Upper storey – Episkenion
 Logeion raised speaking place
SCENIC ELEMENTS USED IN GREEK THEATRE
 Mechane – a crane that gave the impression of a flying actor (thus, deus ex machina)
 Ekkyklema – a wheeled platform used to bring dead characters into view for the audience

 Pinakes – pictures hung to create scenery

 Thyromata – more complex pictures hung to create 2nd level scene
 Phallic – props used for satyr play
MASKS
 Mask-makers were called “skeuopoios” or “maker of the properties”
 Ancient Greek Mask “prosporon” (face)
 Actors with tragic roles “cothurni”
OEDIPUS THE KING
-This is an Athenian tragedy bi Sophocles that was first performed around 429 BC.
MEDEA
-This is an ancient Greek tragedy written by Euripides based on the myth of Jason and Medea and first
produced in 431 BC.

LESSON 2
RENAISSANCE AND ROMANTIC THEATRES
RENAISSANCE THEATRE
 English Renaissance theatre – early modern English theatre or Elizabeth theatre, refers to the
theatre of England between 1562 and 1642
 Playhouses built with timber and plaster, and were three stories high to hold large amounts of
people
 Cost of admission was based on where a person wished to be seated
PERFORMANCES
The troupes of this era rarely acted the same play two days in a row
One distinctive feature was that they included only males. Female parts were played by adolescent boy
players in women’s costume
Performances also occurred in the afternoon since no artificial lighting existed yet

COSTUMES
Often bright in color, visually entrancing, and expensive.
Costumes were also used to recognize characters and colors symbolized class, and costumes were made
to reflect that.

GENRES
Genres of the period included the history play, which depicted English or European history.
Richard III and Henry V, Edward II and “Chronicle of King Edward the First”
Tragedy was an amazingly popular genre.
“Dr. Faustus” and “The Jew of Malta”, “The Spanish Tragedy”. (“Hamlet”, “Othello”, “King Lear”,
“Macbeth”)

Comedies, subgenre developed in this period was the city comedy which deals satirically with life in
London after the fashion of Roman New Comedy.
Examples are Thomas Dekker’s “The Shoemaker’s Holiday” and Thomas Middleton’s “A Chaste Maid in
Cheapside”.

ROMANTIC THEATRE
Several important technical innovations were introduced between 1875 and 1914.
Gas lighting and then electric lights.
The elevator stage (1884, Budapest Opera House)
The revolving stage was introduced to Europe by Karl Lautenschlager at the Residenz Theatre, Munich in
1896.

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES - TIMELINE

STAGE LIGHTING
 From 18th century theatre lit by candles and oil-lamps, major early 19th century theatres slowly
adopted gas lighting to provide illumination for the house and the stage.
  Theatres in London developed limelight for the stage in the late 1830’s.
 In Paris, the electric carbon arc lamp first came into use in the 1840’s.
 From the 1880’s onwards, theatres began to be electrified with the Savoy Theatre becoming the
first theatre in the world to introduce a fully electrified theatrical lighting system in 1881
SCENIC DESIGN
 One of the most important scenic transition into the century was from the often-used two-
dimensional scenic backdrop to three-dimensional sets.
 Two-dimensional, scenery did not provide an embracing, physical environment for the dramatic
action happening on stage.
 Three-dimensional, coupled with changes in audience and stage dynamics as well as
advancement in theatre architecture that allowed for hidden scene changes transported
audiences to a conceived ‘other’ world.
ROMEO AND JULIET
 Tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young lovers whose
deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare’s most popular
plays during his lifetime and, along with “Hamlet”, is one of his most frequently performed
plays.

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
 Shakespeare’s use of poetic dramatic structure (especially effects such as switching between
comedy and tragedy to heighten tension, his expansion of minor characters, and his use of sub-
plots to embellish the story) has been praised as an early sign of his dramatic skill.
 In the 20th – 21st century, the play has been adapted in versions (George Cukor’s 1935 film
“Romeo and Juliet”, Franco Zeffirelli’s 1968 “Romeo and Juliet” and Baz Luhrmann’s 1996 MTV-
inspired “Romeo + Juliet”)
CARMEN
 An opera in four acts with the libretto written by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halevy based on a
novella of the same title by Prosper Merimee.
 Genre: opera comique with musical numbers separated by dialogue
 It is set in southern Spain and tells the story of the downfall of Don Jose, a naïve soldier who is
seduced by the wiles of the fiery gypsy Carmen.

GEORGES BIZET
 Alexandre Cesar Leopold Bizet was a French composer of the romantic era best
known for his operas.
 Bizet achieved few successes before his final work, “Carmen”, which has
become one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the entire
opera repertoire.
PE
LESSON 1
Badminton
-It is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net.
Casual outdoor badminton is often played in a yard or on the beach while formal games are played on a
rectangular indoor court.

Common forms of the game:

Singles – one player each side
Doubles – two players each side
Badminton was invented in ancient Greece and Egypt.
-It developed in British India from an earlier game called battledore and shuttlecock.

Badminton Timeline
1600 – it became an upper class past time in England and many European countries.
1870 – British Army Officers were assigned to India and a version of this game called “poona” became
their favorite and brought it back to England.
Badminton took its name from the Badminton House in Gloucestershire, the ancestral home of the Duke
of Beaufort where the sport was played in the last century.
1996 – badminton became a landmark game played in the backyards and beaches of the USA.

RULES
Badminton Court
-The court is rectangular in shape and divided into halves by a net.
A doubles court is wider than a singles court but both have the same length.

Badminton Court
-Full court width is 20 ft.
-In singles, this is reduced to 17 ft.
-Full court length is 44 ft.
-The service courts are marked by a center line dividing the width of the court.

Serving
-When the server serves, the shuttlecock must pass over the short service line on the opposites’ court or
it will count as a fault.

Scoring
-Badminton scoring is based on 21 points.
You get a point by winning a rally.

Deuce – score reaches 20-20. The play continues when a player leads by 2 points.

LET - If a let is called, the rally is stopped and replayed with no change to the score.

Racket - Lightweight, top quality racquets weigh between 70 and 95 grams excluding grip or strings.

Philippine Badminton Association was introduced by British and American expatriates in the 1920s.
In the 1950s, the International Badminton Federation recognized the Philippines as its 21st member
country.

Badminton
 Handling the grip
 Learn the grip.
 Practice swinging of the arms.
 Forehand and backhand services.

LESSON 2
Frisbee
The original frisbee was a tin pie plate from the Frisbie Pie Company located in New Haven, Connecticut.
Started with the truck drivers of the Frisbie Company throwing tin pie to passers by which eventually
became a major activity introduced to soldiers.

Frisbee Timeline
In 1948 Fred Morrison developed a plastic version of the disc and called it “flying saucer”
In 1951, he created an improvised version and called it Pluto Platter.
In 1955, Wham-O Manufacturing Company renamed it Frisbee.

Objective of Frisbee
To score points by passing the disc to a player in opposing end zone
Players may not run with the disc and must keep a pivot while holding the disc.

Ultimate
Originally known as Ultimate Frisbee, is a non-contact sport originally played by players with a flying
disc.

Points are scored by passing the disc to a teammate on the opposite side.

Basic rules are that the players must not take steps while holding the disc, and interceptions, incomplete
passes, and passes out of bounds are turnovers.

A regulation outdoor game is played 7 vs 7 outdoors, with substitutions allowed between points and for
injuries.

Games are typically played to points limit of 13 / 15 / 17 or a time limit of 75 / 90 / 100 minutes.

Ultimate
It is assumed no players will intentionally violate the rule and will be honest when discussing calls with
opponents.
The spirit of the game is characterized by sportsmanship and fair play

Rules
1. Playing field. This is a rectangular field with the end zones on each end.A regulation field measures 70
yards by 40 yards with end zones measuring 25 yards each.
2. Starting Play- Each point begins with the two teams starting in opposite end zones. The teams
indicate their readiness by raising a hand. The team who scores the previous point throws the disc to the
other team, in a throw called pull.
When the pull is released, all players are free to leave their end zones and occupy any area on the field.

3. Score- A point is scored when one team catches the disc in opposing team’s end zone.

4. Disc Movement- A player cannot run with the disc and may only be moved by passing to a teammate
within 10 seconds. The player holding the disc must maintain a pivot point which does not “travel”
throughout their possession.

5. Change of Possession- If a pass is incomplete, caught out of bounds, intercepted, or knocked out of
the air by the defense, it is called a turnover and the opposing team immediately gains possession trying
to score in the opposite direction. If the disc has not been thrown within 10 seconds, the disc is given to
the other team.

6. Substitutions- These are done in case an injury has occurred.

7. Limited Contact- non-incidental physical contact is disallowed. Opponent cannot take the disc from
an offensive player.

8. Fouls- When a player initiates contact on another. Disruption of the disc is also a foul, the player
retains the possession and restarts.

9. Self-officiating- it is self-refereed.

10. Handling skills- Catching is done with one hand or both hands on the rim or hands simultaneously on
the top and bottom, which is sometimes referred to as a clap-catch.

PUA – Philippine Ultimate Association

Is a governing body of all disc-related sports and activities in the Philippines. It is a non-profit volunteer
association of Ultimate Frisbee players who train, hold tournaments, and organize other activities for
players.

HEALTH
LESSON 1
INJURY PREVENTION, SAFETY, AND FIRST AID (INTENTIONAL)

CONCEPT OF INTENTIONAL INJURIES

 SELF-HARM
 SELF-INJURY
 SELF-POISONING

COMMON FORM SELF-HARM

 BURNING, SCRATCHING, BANGING OR HITTING BODY PARTS
SELF HARM IS A SYMPTOM OF BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER
THIS MAY INCLUDE THOSE WHO HAVE:
 ANXIETY DISORDER
 SCHIZOPHRENIA
 POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
 SUBSTANCE ABUSE
 DEPRESSION

COMMON FROM SELF-HARM

 OTHER PERSON USE SELF-HARM AS A COPING MECHANISM FROM TEMPORARY RELIEF
FROM INTERNAL FEELINGS OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, OR OTHER RELATED SITUATIONS.
 OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH TRAUMA AND ABUSE INCLUDING EMOTIONAL AND SEXUAL
ABUSE
 80% OF SELF-HARM INCLUDES STABBING OR CUTTING THE SKIN WITH SHARP OBJECTS.
 OTHER WAYS INCLUDE BURNING, SELF-POISONING, ALCOHOL ABUSE, AND OTHER FORMS
RELATED TO ANOREXIA AND BULIMIA.

SIGNS OF PLANNED SELF-HARM ORINTENTIONAL INJURY

 SAYING “I WISH I WAS DEAD”
 THINKING ABOUT KILLING ONESELF
 FEELINGS OF HOPELESSNESS
 PREVIOUS SUICIDE ATTEMPT
 SUDDEN CHANGE IN BEHAVIOR
 WITHDRAWAL FROM FRIENDS AND ACTIVITIES
 INCREASED USE OF ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUGS
 MOOD SWINGS
 EMOTIONAL OUTBURSTS
 HIGH LEVEL OF IRRITABILITY OR AGGRESSION

LESSON 2
TYPES OF INTENTIONAL INJURIES

INTENTIONAL INJURIES
Injuries that are inflicted on purpose.
Also the use of force or power-threatened or actual-against oneself, another person or against a group
or community
It can also occur as a result of a willful act meant to cause harm.

A. KIDNAPPING AND ABDUCTION

 This is taking away a person against his/her will for ransom or for vengeance, dispute, or crime-
related.
 Usually it is a child who is the victim.
Reasons for kidnapping
 Gain a ransom or reward
 Facilitate a commission of a felony or fight
 Terrorize or inflict bodily injury
 Interfere with government or political function
B. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Occurs at home or within the family. It is a pattern of abusive behaviors by one partner against another
in an intimate relationship such as marriage, dating, family, or cohabitation.

FORMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

 Physical aggression or assault such as hitting, kicking, shoving, slapping, and other related moves
 Threats
 Sexual abuse
 Emotional abuse
 Intimidation
 Stalking
 Harassment
 Spousal abuse
 Intimate partner violence
 Battering
 Abusive relationship

SIGNS OF AN ABUSIVE RELATIONSHIP

 Fear of partner
 When a partner belittles you or tries to control you
 Feeling of self-loathing
 Helplessness
 Desperation

EMOTIONALLY ABUSIVE RELATIONSHIPS MANIFEST THE FOLLOWING:

 Calls the partner by names, insults, or continually criticizes the partner
 Always jealous and does not trust his/her partner
 Isolates partner from family and friends
 Controls finances
 Threatens to hurt the partner or children
 Humiliates the partner in any way

SEXUALLY ABUSIVE RELATIONSHIPS MANIFEST THE FOLLOWING:

 Views women as objects
 Wants the woman to dress in a sexual way
 Insults or calls the partner sexual names
 Forces or manipulates partner into having or performing sex
 Hurts the partner during sex
 Ignores partner’s feelings regarding sex

C. HOMICIDE
It is the killing of a human being by another whether by murder or manslaughter. This usually happens
when there is robbery, vengeance, dispute, or conflict.

D. SUICIDE
It is the act of taking one’s own life voluntarily and intentionally.
It is one of the top causes of death in young adults. It is a significant problem outnumbering the
common cause of unintentional injury. Risk factors include:
Psychiatric disease
Levels of economic status
Cultural change
Degree of social support

E. BULLYING
It is the use of force, threat, or coercion to abuse, intimidate, or aggressively dominate others. The
behavior is often repeated and habitual.

Types of Bullying:
Physical
This involves physically hurting the victim like hitting, punching, or kicking

Verbal
The use of name-calling or taunting

Relational
This pertains to destroying peer acceptance and friendships.

Cyber-bullying
This pertains to the use of electronic means like cellphones, instant messaging, email, chat rooms or
social media to harass, threaten, or intimidate someone. It can include acts such as making
threats, sending provocative insults or racial or ethnic slurs, gay bashing, attempting to infect the
victim’s computer with a virus, and flooding an e-mail inbox with messages.

F. EXTORTION
This is a criminal offense that involves obtaining money, property or services from a person, entity,
individual, or situation through coercion.
Sometimes referred to as “protection racket”
G. STALKING
This is the unwanted obsessive attention by an individual or group towards another person.
Includes following the victim and monitoring them from afar.
H. ACTS OF TERROR
These are calculated uses of violence or threats of violence against civilians in order to attain goals that
are political, religious, or ideological in nature through intimidation, coercion or instilling fear.
I. ILLEGAL FRATERNITY-RELATED VIOLENCE
Fraternities are social organization of men in different colleges and universities having one purpose,
interest and activities. However, there are unscrupulous groups who have infiltrated our
society and organized fraternities to mask their illegal and violence-oriented activities such as frat wars,
rumbles, killings, and campus violence.
J. GANG AND YOUTH VIOLENCE
Typically involves persons between the ages of 10-24
Defined as the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against another person
or a group or community that results to injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment,
ordeprivation