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  • Ethernet Layer 2, Switching and Bridging Logic Lec2

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    Hiroyo Chan
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    The document discusses Ethernet frames and packets. It defines frames as containing a Layer 2 header and trailer encapsulating data, while packets contain only a Layer 3 header and data. Ethernet specifications relate to creating, forwarding, receiving, and interpreting frames. It also describes the standardization of Ethernet, frame formats, address types, frame transmission methods, switch learning, and IP multicast applications using multicast addresses.

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    Ethernet Layer 2, Switching and Bridging Logic lecture2

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    Ethernet Layer 2, Switching and Bridging Logic lec2

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    The document discusses Ethernet frames and packets. It defines frames as containing a Layer 2 header and trailer encapsulating data, while packets contain only a Layer 3 header and data. Ethernet specifications relate to creating, forwarding, receiving, and interpreting frames. It also describes the standardization of Ethernet, frame formats, address types, frame transmission methods, switch learning, and IP multicast applications using multicast addresses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    48 views15 pages

    Ethernet Layer 2, Switching and Bridging Logic Lec2

    Uploaded by

    Hiroyo Chan
    The document discusses Ethernet frames and packets. It defines frames as containing a Layer 2 header and trailer encapsulating data, while packets contain only a Layer 3 header and data. Ethernet specifications relate to creating, forwarding, receiving, and interpreting frames. It also describes the standardization of Ethernet, frame formats, address types, frame transmission methods, switch learning, and IP multicast applications using multicast addresses.

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    of 15

    The word frame refers to the bits and bytes that

    include the Layer 2 header and trailer, along


    with the data encapsulated by that header and
    trailer. The term packet is most often used to
    describe the Layer 3 header and data, without a
    Layer2 header or trailer. Ethernet’s Layer 2
    specifications relate to the creation, forwarding,
    reception and interpretation of Ethernet frames.
     The original Ethernet specifications were owned
    by the combination of Digital Equipment Corp,
    Intel, and Xerox—hence the name ―Ethernet
    (DIX).‖
     Later, in the early 1980s, the IEEE standardized
    Ethernet, defining parts (Layer 1 and some of
    Layer 2) in the 802.3 Media Access Control (MAC)
    standard, and other parts of Layer 2 in the 802.2
    Logical Link Control (LLC) standard.
     Later, the IEEE realized that the 1-byte DSAP field
    in the 802.2 LLC header was too small. As a
    result, the IEEE introduced a new frame format
    with a Sub-Network Access Protocol (SNAP)
    header after the 802.2 header, as shown in the
    third style of header.
     Finally, in 1997, the IEEE added the original DIX
    V2 framing to the 802.3 standard.
     Ethernet addresses, also frequently called
    MAC addresses, are 6 bytes in length,
    typically listed in hexadecimal form. There
    are three main types of Ethernet address.
    - Unicast
    - Broadcast
    - Multicast
     When an Ethernet NIC needs to send a frame,
    it puts its own unicast address in the Source
    Address field of the header.
     If it wants to send the frame to a particular
    device on the LAN, the sender puts the other
    device’s MAC address in the Ethernet
    header’s Destination Address field.
     If the sender wants to send the frame to every
    device on the LAN, it sends the frame to the
    FFFF.FFFF.FFFF broadcast destination address.
     A frame sent to the broadcast address is
    named a broadcast or broadcast frame, and
    frames sent to unicast MAC addresses are
    called unicasts or unicast frames.
     Multicast Ethernet frames are used to
    communicate with a possibly dynamic subset of
    the devices on a LAN.
     The most common use for Ethernet multicast
    addresses involves the use of IP multicast.
     For example, if only 3 of 100 users on a LAN want
    to watch the same video stream using an IP
    multicast–based video application, the application
    can send a single multicast frame. The three
    interested devices prepare by listening for frames
    sent to a particular multicast Ethernet address,
    processing frames destined for that address.
    Other devices may receive the frame, but they
    ignore its contents.
     For unicast forwarding to work most
    efficiently, switches need to know about all
    the unicast MAC addresses and out which
    interface the switch should forward frames
    sent to each MAC address.
     Switches learn MAC addresses, and the port
    to associate with them, by reading the source
    MAC address of received frames.
     Reference:

     Textbook: CCIE routing and switching certification


    guide (4th edition) by wendell odom, Rus Healy,
    Denise Donohue.

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