GRACE MISSION COLLEGE

Catiningan, Socorro, Oriental Mindoro

E-Mail: grace.missioncollege@yahoo.com

But if any of you lacks wisdom, let Him ask of God, who gives to all generously and without
reproach, and it will be given to Him. -James 1:5

Name: _________________________________________ Date: ______________

Grade and Section: ____________________________ Score: _____________

MATHEMATICS 10
Lesson/Topic: Measures of Position for Ungrouped Data
Quarter IV Weeks 1-2

Introduction:
Did you take the National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE) when you were in Grade
9? If so, what was your score? Did you know your rank?
Have you thought of comparing your academic performance with that of your classmates?
Have you wondered what score you need for each subject area to qualify for honors?
Have you asked yourself why a certain examinee in any national examination gets higher rank than the
other examinees?
Some state colleges and universities are offering scholarship programs for graduating students
who belong to the upper 5%, 10%, or even 25%. What does this mean to you?
In this module, you will study about the following measures of position: quartiles, deciles, and
percentiles.
Learning Objectives:

• Define the measures of position: quartiles, deciles, and percentiles.

• Illustrate quartiles, deciles, and percentiles.
• Calculate specified measure of position for ungrouped data.
• Perform the given task with accuracy.

Pre-Assessment:
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer in your
activity notebook/answer sheet.
1. The median score is also the _____________.
A. 75th percentile B. 5th decile C. 3rd decile D. 1st quartile
2. When a distribution is divided into hundred equal parts, each score point that describes the
distribution is called a ___________.
A. percentile B. decile C. quartile D. median
3. The lower quartile is equal to ______________.
A. 50th percentile B. 25th percentile C. 2nd decile D. 3rd quartile
4. Rochelle got a score of 55 which is equivalent to 70th percentile in a mathematics test. Which of the
following is NOT true?
A. She scored above 70% of her classmates.
B. Thirty percent of the class got scores of 55 and above.
C. If the passing mark is the first quartile, she passed the test.
D. Her score is below the 5th decile.
5. In a 100-item test, the passing mark is the 3rd quartile. What does it imply?
A. The students should answer at least 75 items correctly to pass the test.
B. The students should answer at least 50 items correctly to pass the test.

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Catiningan, Socorro, Oriental Mindoro
E-Mail: grace.missioncollege@yahoo.com

A. 360 B. 720 C. 1440 D. 5040

Key Concept

How do you define Measures of Position?

Answer: They are techniques that divide a set of data into equal groups.

What are the different measures of position?

Answers: Quartiles, Deciles, Percentiles

Can you define Quartiles?

Quartiles are points that divide the ranked data into four equal parts. Each set of data has three
quartiles.

L = lowest score
Q1 = First quartile or lower quartile
Q2 = second quartile or middle quartile
Q3 = third quartile or upper quartile
H = highest score

1.First quartile (Q1) is the value in the data set such that 25% of the data points are less than this
value and 75% of the data set is greater than this value.
2. Second quartile (Q2) is the value in the data set such that 50% of the data points are less than this
value and 50% of the data set are greater than this value.
3. Third quartile (Q3) is the value such that 75% of the values are less than this value and 25% of the
values are greater than this value.
4. Interquartile range is the difference between the upper quartile (Q3) and the lower
quartile (Q1) in a set of data.

The Quartile for Ungrouped Data

Illustrative examples
Example 1. A group of students obtained the following scores in their statistics quiz: 8 , 2 , 5 , 4 , 8 , 5 ,
7,1,3,6,9

Solution:

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E-Mail: grace.missioncollege@yahoo.com

Observe how the lower quartile (Q1), middle quartile (Q2), and upper quartile (Q3) of the scores are
obtained. Complete the statements below:
➢ The first quartile 3 is obtained by observing the position of 3 which is in the middle of the numbers
from 1 to 5. (observe the position of 3 from 1 to 5)
➢ The second quartile, 5, is obtained by observing the position of 5 which is in the middle of the
numbers from 1 to 9. (observe the position of 5 from 1 to 9)
➢ The third quartile, 8, is obtained by observing the position of 8 which is in the middle of the
numbers from 6 to 9. (observe the position of 8 from 6 to 9).

Mendenhall and Sincich Method

Using Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences, define a different method of finding quartile values.
To apply their method on a data set with n elements, first calculate:

Lower Quartile (L) = Position of Q1 = 1/4 (n + 1)

and round to the nearest integer. If L falls halfway between two integers, round up. The Lth element is
the lower quartile value (Q1). Next calculate:

Upper Quartile (U) = Position of Q3 = 3/4 (n + 1)

and round to the nearest integer. If U falls halfway between two integers, round down. The Uth
element is the upper quartile value (Q3).

Example 2. Example data set: {1, 3, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31} and n = 9.
To find Q1, locate its position using the formula Q1 = 1/4 (n + 1)
and round off to the nearest integer.

Position of Q1 = 1/4 (n + 1)
= 1/4 (9 + 1)
= 1/4 (10)
= 2.5
The computed value 2.5 becomes 3 after rounding up. The lower quartile value (Q 1) is the 3rd data
element, so Q1 = 7.

Example 3.
Find the first quartile (Q1) and the third quartile (Q3), given the scores of 10 students in their
Mathematics activity using Linear Interpolation.
1 27 16 7 31 7 30 3 21
Solution:
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Catiningan, Socorro, Oriental Mindoro
E-Mail: grace.missioncollege@yahoo.com

a. First, arrange the scores in ascending order.

1 3 7 7 16 21 27 30 31

b. Second, locate the position of the score in the distribution.

Position of Q1 = 𝟏/𝟒 ( n + 1 )
= 𝟏/𝟒 ( 9 + 1 )
= 𝟏/𝟒 ( 10 )
= 2.5
Since the result is a decimal number, interpolation is needed.

c. Third, interpolate the value to obtain the 1st quartile.

Steps of Interpolation
Step 1: Subtract the 2nd data from the 3rd data.
7–3=4
Step 2: Multiply the result by the decimal part obtained in the second step (Position of Q 1).
4(0.5) = 2
Step 3: Add the result in step 2, to the 2nd or smaller number.
3+2=5
Therefore, the value of Q1 = 5.
d. Find the upper quartile
Position of Q3 = 𝟑/𝟒 ( n + 1 )
= 𝟑/𝟒 ( 9 + 1 )
= 𝟑/𝟒 ( 10 )
= 7.5
Third, interpolate the value to obtain the 3rd quartile.

Steps of Interpolation
Step 1: Subtract the 7th data from the 8th data.
30 - 27 = 3
Step 2: Multiply the result by the decimal part obtained in the third step (Position of Q 3).
3(0.5) = 1.5
Step 3: Add the result in step 2, (1.5), to the 7th or smaller number.
27 + 1.5 = 28.5
Therefore, the value of Q3= 28.5

The Deciles for Ungrouped Data

The deciles are the nine score points which divide a distribution into ten equal parts. They are deciles
and are denoted as D1, D2, D3,…, D9. They are computed in the same way that the quartiles are
calculated.

Illustrative example
Find the 3rd decile or D3 of the following test scores of a random sample of ten students:
35 , 42 , 40 , 28 , 15 , 23 , 33 , 20 , 18 and 28.
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Catiningan, Socorro, Oriental Mindoro
E-Mail: grace.missioncollege@yahoo.com

Solution:
First, arrange the scores in ascending order. 15 18 20 23 28 28 33 35 40 42 n = 10
Second, find decile value on a data with n elements:
To find its D3 position, use the formula 3/10 (n + 1) and round off to the nearest integer
Position of D3 = 3/10 (10 + 1)
= 3/10 (11)
= 33/10
= 3.3
=3
D3 is the 3rd element. Therefore, D3 = 20.
The Percentile for Ungrouped Data
The percentiles are the ninety-nine score points which divide a distribution into one hundred equal parts,
so that each part represents the data set. They are used to characterize values according to the percentage
below them. For example, the first percentile (P1) separates the lowest 1% from the other 99%, the
second percentile (P2) separates the lowest 2% from the other 98%, and so on.

The percentiles determine the value for 1%, 2%,…, and 99% of the data. P 30 or 30th percentile of the
data means 30% of the data have values less than or equal to P30. The 1st decile is the 10th percentile
(P10 ). It means 10% of the data is less than or equal to the value of P10 or D1, and so on.

Illustrative example:
Find the 30th percentile or P30 of the following test scores of a random sample of ten students:
35, 42, 40, 28, 15, 23, 33, 20, 18, and 28 n = 10 , k = 30
Solution:
Arrange the scores from the lowest to the highest.
15 18 20 23 28 28 33 35 40 42
Steps to find percentile value on a data with n elements:
𝑘(𝑛+1)
To find its P30 position use the formula and round off to the nearest integer.
100
30(10+1) 30(11) 330
Position of P30 = == = 100= 3.3 ≈ 3
100 100

P30 is the 3rd element. Therefore, P30 = 20

15 18 20 23 28 28 33 35 40 42

Activity 1: Analyze!

Solve the following problems:

1. Albert has an assignment to randomly ask 10 students in their school about their ages. The data are
given in the table below.
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Catiningan, Socorro, Oriental Mindoro
E-Mail: grace.missioncollege@yahoo.com

Questions :
a. What is Q1, Q2, and Q3 of their ages?
b. How many students belong to Q1, Q2, and Q3 in terms of their ages?

2. Mrs. Lim gave a test to her students in Statistics. The students finished their test in 35 minutes. This
time is the 2.5th decile of the allotted time. What does this mean?
3. Given 30 enumeration and multiple-choice items in their summative test in Mathematics.
a. Find the 75th percentile or P75 of the following test scores of 15 students from Grade 10-A
22, 10, 13, 13, 20, 13, 11, 17, 18, 14, 21, 15, 21, 16, 15

b. How many students have passed the exam?

Activity 2: True or False!

Directions:
Write True if the statement is true for any given data set; otherwise, write False.
_____ 1. The 5th decile is equal to the 2nd quartile.
_____ 2. The mean is equal to the 2nd quartile.
_____ 3. P50 is equal to the median.
_____ 4. Q3 is equal to P75.
_____ 5. D8 is equal to P88.

Activity 3: Lead Me The Way !

Cloud Process
Write each step in finding the position / location in the given set of data using the cloud below. Add or
delete clouds, if necessary (10 points).

Process Questions :
1. Is there really a need to know each steps to find the position and location of a given data? How
about in your daily tasks ?
2. What attitude / values did you used to finish the activity?

Post Assessment:
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Catiningan, Socorro, Oriental Mindoro
E-Mail: grace.missioncollege@yahoo.com

Solve each item carefully.

1. The owner of a coffee shop recorded the number of customers who came into his café each hour in
a day. The results were 14, 10, 12, 9, 17, 5, 8, 9, 14, 10, and 11.
a. Find the lower quartile and upper quartile of the data.
b. How many customers are below Q1 ? are above Q3 in terms of each hour in a day?
c. Which hour of the day has less customers? has more customers?

2. Mrs. Marana is a veterinarian. One morning, she asked her secretary to record the service time for
15 customers. The following are service times in minutes.
20, 35, 55, 28, 46, 32, 25, 56, 55, 28, 37, 60, 47, 52, 17
Find the value of the 2nd decile, 6th decile, and 8th decile.
3. The scores of Miss World candidates from seven judges were recorded as follows:
8.45, 9.20, 8.56, 9.13, 8.67, 8.85, and 9.17.

a. Find the 60th percentile or P60 of the judges’ scores.

b. What is the P35 of the judges’ scores?