APPENDIX 2

CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION (CAPE)

CHEMISTRY

DATA BOOKLET

CXC A11/U2/06 63
 T A B LE 1: SO M E IMPORTANT CO NSTANTS

the Avogadro constant L == 6.02

6.02xx1023
1023mol-1
moM

electronic charge e == -1.60*

-1.60 X10-19C
10"19C

the Faraday constant F = = 9.65

9.65 xx 104
104CC mol'1
mol"1

ionic product of water Kw

K» = = 1.00
1.00xx 10
10"1
'144mol2dm-6
mol2dm^
(at 298 K)

molar gas constant R

H == 8.31
8.31JJK“1
K“1mol~1
moh1

molar volume of gas Vm = 22.4

22.4drTrVnoT1
dn^mor-1at
ats.t.p.
s.t.p.
:= 24 dm3 mot"1
moM under room condition

the Planck constant h = e.eaxio-^js

= e^x-io-34^
o
rest mass of electron,_1 e me = = 9.11 xx 10^*1kg
lO-^kg
i
rest mass of neutron, 0 n 1.67 xx 10~27
mn = = 1.67 10~27kg
kg
i
rest mass of proton,, H mp
mp - = 1.67
1.67 xx 10r27
10r27kg
kg

specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 kJ kg^K-1

speed of light in a vacuum c == 3.00 x108m

3.00x 108mss-1
-1

iJoule J = Pa M3

CXC A11/U2/06 64
 TABLE 2: IO NISATIO N EN ER G IES OF SELECTED ELEM EN TS

Ionisation Energies (KJ mol-1)

Proton
Element number First Second Third Fourth

H 1 1310
He z 2370 5250 - -

Li 3 519 7300 11800 -

8e 4 900 1760 14800 21000

B 5 799 2420 3660 25000
C 6 1090 2350 4610 6220
N 7 1400 2860 4590 7480
O 8 1310 3390 5 32 0 74 S8
F 9 1680 3370 6040 8410
Ne 10 2080 3950 6150 9290
Na 11 494 4560 6940 9540
Mg 12 736 1450 7740 10500
At 13 S77 1820 2740 11600
Si 14 786 1580 323 0 4360
P 15 1060 1900 292 0 4960
S 16 1000 2260 33 9 0 4540
Cl 17 1260 2300 3850 5150
Af 18 1S20 2660 3 9S0 5770
K 19 418 3070 4600 5860
Ca 20 590 1150 4940 6480
Sc 21 632 1240 2390 7110
Ti 22 661 1310 2720 4170
V 23 648 1370 2870 4600
Cr 24 653 1590 2990 4770
Mn 25 716 1510 3250 5190
Fe 26 762 1560 2960 5400
Co 27 757 1640 3230 5100
Ni 28 735 1750 3390 5400
Cu 29 745 1960 3350 5690
Zn 30 908 1730 3828 5S80

Ge 32 762 1540 3300 4390

Br 35 1140 2080 3460 4850

Sr 38 548 1060 4120 5440

Sn 50 707 1410 2940 3930

I 53 1010 1840 2040 4030

Ba 56 502 966 3390 -

1450 3080 4080

Pb 82 716

CXC A11/U2/06 65
 T A B L E 3: ATOMIC AND IONIC RADII OF S E LE C T E D E LE M E N T S

(a) croup II atomic/nm ionic/nm

ionic/nm
metallic Be
Be 0.112
0.112 Be1'
Be1' 0.031
Mg 0.160
0.160 Mg*‘
Mg*’ 0.06S
0.065
Ca 0.197
0.197 Ca*'
Ca*' 0.099
Sr 0.215
0.215 Sr7'
Sf*' 0.113
Ba 0.217
0.217 Ba1,
8a*‘ 0 .13 5
Ra 0.220
0.220 Ra’"
Ra*‘ 00.140
.14 0
(t>) Croup IV
single covalent CC 0.077
0.077
Si 0.117
0.117 Si4'
Si*" 0.041
Ge 0.122
0.122 Ge**
Ge’" 0.093
metallic Sn
Sn 0.162
0.162 So*"
S n*‘ 0.112
Pb 0.175
0.175 PI)*'
Pb*' 0 .12 0
(C) Croup VII
single covalent FF 0.072
0.072 F~
P~ 0.136
Cl 0.099
0.099 CCfr 0.181
Br 0.114
0.114 Br"
Br' 0 .19 5
I 0.133
0.133 ff 0 .21 6
At 0.140
0.140
(d) Period 3

me,a,,ic Na 0.106 Na"

Na" 0.09S
0.095
Mg 0160 Mg’"
Mg*' 0.065
0.065
At 0 1*3 A?
AI3'’ 0.050
0.050
single covalent gj 0-1 *7 Si- 00.041
04l
Si*'
P 0.110 pP’~
’- 0 .21 2
S 0.104 sS’*
’* 0.184
a 0.099 cC ff 0.181
van tie r Waais a, 0.192

(e) First row transition elements

single covateni Sc 0.144 Sc’"
Sc5' 0.081
0.081
Ti 0.132 Ti’*
Ti’* 0.090
0.090
V 0.122 V5'
V5’ 0.074
0.074
Cf 0.117 Cr*'
Cr*' 0.069
0.069
Mn 0.117 Mn*"
Mn*' 0.080
Fc 0.116 FFe’'
t' 0.076
0.076
Fe’*
Fe*' 0.064
0.064
Co 0.116 Co1'
Co’’ 0.078
0.078
Ni 0.115 Ni*‘
Ni*‘ 0.078
0.078
Cu 0.117 Cu*"
Co*’ 0.069
0.069
Zn 0 12S Zn*'
Zn*‘ 00 074
074

CXC A 11/U 2/06 66

 TABLE 4: SELECTED BOND ENERGIES

Bond E n e rg y /k Jm o f1

(a) Diatomic molecules

H—H 436
0—0 442
N—N 994
0 —0 496
F— F 158
C l—C l 244
Br—Br 193
1—I 151
H— F 562
H—C l 431
H—Br 366
H—I 299

(b) Polyatomic molecules

C—C 3S0
C—C 610
C—C 840
C ^C (benzene) 520
C—H 410
C—Cl 340
C—Br 280
C—I 240
C—N 305
C—N 610
C—N 890
C—O 360
C—O 740
N—H 390
N—N 160
N=-N 410
O—H 460
O—O 150
S ^-C t 359
S h-H 320
Si—O 444
Si—Si 222
S—C( 250
S—H 347
S—S 234

CXC A11/U2/06 67
TA BLE 5: STANDARD ELECTRO D E AND REDOX POTENTIALS

E^volts
Electrode reaction at 298 K(25°C)
Ag* * e~ Ag -*•0.80
AJ5* +3e A{ -1.66
Ba1' + 2e‘ 83 -2.90
Brj+ 2e" 28r' +1.07
Ca1' +2e~ Ca -2.87
Clj +2e" 2C r ♦1.36
2HOCI +2H* +2e- d ,+ 2HtO +1.64
Co*’ +2e~ Co -0.28
Co** +e” Co*' +1.82
{Co(NH),], - + 2e- Co + 6NH, -0.43
Cr*' + 2e~ Cr -0.91
Cr5’ + 3e" Cr -0.74
Cr*' + e* Cr1' —0.41
Crfi^ + 14H* + 6e" 2Crv +7HI0 +1.33
Cu' + e" Cu +0.52
Cu’ *+2e' Cu +0.34
Cu*‘ + e* Cu' +0.15
[Cu(NHJ)J , ‘ + 2e' Cu + 4NH, -0.05

FJ + 2e‘ 2F‘ +2.87

Fe*’ + 2e* Fe -0.44

Fe3' + 3e* Fe -0.04

Fe3* + e* Fe*' ♦0.77

[Fe(CN)4]v + e” (Fe(CN),)4' +0.36

Fe(OH)3+ e' Fe(OH)t + OH” -0.56

2H* ♦ 2e~ 0.00
Hi
Ij + ^e* 2r +0.54

K* + e* K -2.92

U*+e' Li -3.04

CXC A11/U2/06 68
 E^volts
Electrode reaction. at 298 K(25°C)
Mg** ♦ 2e~ Mg -2.38
Mn*'+ 2e~ Mn -1.18
Mn** «■e" Mn1' ♦1.49
MnO,+ 4H* + 2e” Mn’ *+ 2 H ,0 + 1.23
M nO; + e" MnO^ *0.56
M nOj + 4H‘ + 3e~ MnO, + 2 H ,0 +1.67
M nOj + 8H* + Se* Mn1' * 4 H ,0 +1.52
NO;+2H‘ +e' N 0,-*-H ,0 +0.81
N O ; + 3 H *+ 2 e ' HNO, + H ,0 +0.94
N O j+ IO H ' + Se" NH; + 3 H ,0 +0.87
Na* + « ' Na -2.71
Ni** + 2e~ Ni -0.25
(N i(N H ^ /*+ 2 e ' Ni + 6NH, - 0.51
H ,0 ,+ 2H *+ 2e“ 2 H ,0 +1.77
0 , + 4H* + 4e‘ 2 H ,0 +1.23
O , + 2 H ,0 + 4e~ 40H* +0.40
0 ,+ 2H* + 2e" HA 0.68
2 H ,0 + 2e” H , + 20H" -0.83
P b *'+ 2 e ‘ Pb -0.13
Pb4’ + 2e” Pb1' +1.69
P b O , * 4H* + 2e“ Pb**+2HJ0 +1.47
S O ^ + 4H ‘ + 2e‘ S O , + 2 H ,0 +0.17
S,o|~ + 2e~ 2 S 0 *' +2.01
S 40 * ‘ + 2e" 2S O*' +0.09
Sn** + 2e~ Sn -0.14
Sn4* + 2e* Sn1, +0.15
V*' + 2e“ V - 1.2

V** + e” v1* -0.26

VO*‘ + 2H*+ e" Vs" + H ,0 +0.34

V O j+ 2 H *+ e “ VO*' ♦ H ,0 + 1.00
V O ; + 4H" + e ' V 0 *’ + 2H ,0 + 1.00
Zn** + 2e* Zn -0.76

CXC A11/U2/06 69
TABLE 6:SELECTED INFRARED ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPIC DATA

Characteristic absorption ranges*

(Wave number, cm-1)
Bond

° “H ,free’ 3580
3580 to
to 3670
3670
N -H primary amines 3350 to
3350 to 3500
3500
0-H ‘hydrogen-bonded’
‘hydrogen-bonded’in
inalcohols,
alcohols, phenols
phenols 3230
3230 to
to3550
3550
C -H alkanes,
alkanes, alkenes,
alkenes, arenes
arenes 2840 to
2840 to3095
3095
0 -H 'hydrogen-bonded'
‘hydrogen-bonded’ in
in acids
acids 2500 to
2500 to3300
3300

CmN 2200 to 2280

C* C 2070
2070 to
to 2250
2250
C=0 aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters 1680to
1680
1680 to1750
to 1750
1750
0=0 1610
1610 to
to1680
1680
C -O alcohols, ethers, esters 1000to
1000
1000 to1300
to 1300
1300

C~C l 700
700
to to
800
800

’ due to stretching vibrations

TABLE 7: SELECTED 1H NMR DATA

Type o f p r o to n C hem ical shifc in r e g i o n of
R—CH j 0.9
R—C H j-R n
R
ft- C-H 10
n_________
—C —C H ,— 2.3
I
o

—O—CHj iJ
— O — C H j— R
—O—H 1.0' (variable)
7.5
■H
O -
—c —o 9.5

k
—c—o 11.0 (variable)
I
O—H

CXC A11/U2/06 70
 n
x
n
The Periodic Table of the Elements m
> 2

d IA
He
IIA IIIA r v A VA VIA VIIA 4.003
©
o \n
O 3 4 1 5 6 7 e 9 10

Li Be H B c N 0 F Ne
8.941 9.012 1.008 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P s C! Ar
22.99 24.31 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB vniB IB IIB 26.98 23.03 30.97 32.07 35,45 39 35

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 ! 33 34 35 36
<1
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr M n Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.03 44.96 47.S7 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.65 5S.93 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.61 74.32 78.96 73.90 83.80

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 43 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo To Ru m Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
35.47 87.62 88.S1 31.22 32.91 95.84 (38) 1011 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.3 131.3

55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 73 80 iff 82 83 84 35 86

Cs Ba La Hf Ta w Re O s !r Pt Au Hq Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137 3 138.9 178 5 180.9 133.8 18S.2 190.2 1S2.2 1951 197 0 200.6 204,4 207.2 209.0 (203) (210) (222)

87 Ba 89 104 105 106 107 10B 109 110 111.. 112

Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sfl Bh Hs m Uurt tJuu Uub

(223) (226) (227) (261) (262) (266) (2G4) (263) (2S8) (271) (272) (277)

58 59 60 61 62 63 84 £5 66 ~ir~j 68 1 69 70 71

Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.1 140.3 144.2 (145) 1504 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 1689 173,0 175.0
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 37 98 99 100 101 102 103
W estern Zone Office
2 006 0 8/16
/ lb Fa u Np P u Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm id No Lr
232.0 (231) 238.0 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262)